1
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Gao H, Xia M, Ruan H. Knockdown of sulfotransferase 2B1 suppresses cell migration, invasion and promotes apoptosis in ovarian carcinoma cells via targeting annexin A9. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2024. [PMID: 38777329 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sulfotransferase family 2B member 1 (SULT2B1) has been reported to play oncogenic role in many types of cancers. Nevertheless, the role that SULT2B1 played in ovarian cancer (OC) and the hidden molecular mechanism is obscure. METHODS Expression of SULT2B1 in OC was analyzed by GEPIA database. qRT-PCR and western blot (WB) was applied for the appraisement of SULT2B1 and Annexin A9 (ANXA9) in OC cell lines. The capabilities of cells to proliferate, migrate and invade were assessed with CCK-8 assay, wound healing assay, along with transwell assay. Cell apoptotic level was estimated utilizing flow cytometry. WB was employed for the evaluation of migration- and apoptosis-related proteins. Bioinformatic analysis and co-immunoprecipitation were used to predict and verify the combination of SULT2B1 and ANXA9. RESULTS The data showed that SULT2B1 and ANXA9 were upregulated in OC cells. SULT2B1 depletion suppressed the proliferative, migrative, and invasive capabilities of SKOV3 cells but facilitated the cell apoptosis. SULT2B1-regulated ANXA9 expression and were proved to bind to ANXA9. Additionally, ANXA9 deficiency exhibited the same impacts on cell migrative, invasive capability and apoptotic level as SULT2B1 silencing. Moreover, ANXA9 overexpression reversed the inhibitory impacts of SULT2B1 silencing on the proliferative, migrative, invasive, and apoptotic capabilities of SKOV3 cells. CONCLUSION In summary, SULT2B1 silencing repressed OC progression by targeting ANXA9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Gao
- Department of Gynecology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, P.R. China
| | - Mengjuan Xia
- Department of Central Laboratory, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, P.R. China
| | - Heqiu Ruan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, P.R. China
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2
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Duffel MW. Cytosolic sulfotransferases in endocrine disruption. Essays Biochem 2024:EBC20230101. [PMID: 38699885 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20230101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) catalyze the sulfation of endocrine hormones as well as a broad array of drugs, environmental chemicals, and other xenobiotics. Many endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) interact with these SULTs as substrates and inhibitors, and thereby alter sulfation reactions responsible for metabolism and regulation of endocrine hormones such as estrogens and thyroid hormones. EDCs or their metabolites may also regulate expression of SULTs through direct interaction with nuclear receptors and other transcription factors. Moreover, some sulfate esters derived from EDCs (EDC-sulfates) may serve as ligands for endocrine hormone receptors. While the sulfation of an EDC can lead to its excretion in the urine or bile, it may also result in retention of the EDC-sulfate through its reversible binding to serum proteins and thereby enable transport to other tissues for intracellular hydrolysis and subsequent endocrine disruption. This mini-review outlines the potential roles of SULTs and sulfation in the effects of EDCs and our evolving understanding of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Duffel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, U.S.A
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3
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Alatwi E, Bairam AF. The role of genetic polymorphisms in the sulfation of pregnenolone by human cytosolic sulfotransferase SULT2B1a. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8050. [PMID: 38580665 PMCID: PMC10997614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56303-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Pregnenolone is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of many steroid hormones and neuroprotective steroids. Sulfotransferase family cytosolic 2B member 1 (SULT2B1a) has been reported to be highly selective to sulfate pregnenolone. This study aimed to clarify the effect of missense single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the human SULT2B1 gene on the sulfating activity of coded SULT2B1a allozymes toward Pregnenolone. To investigate the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms of the SULT2B1 gene on the sulfation of pregnenolone by SULT2B1a allozymes, 13 recombinant SULT2B1a allozymes were generated, expressed, and purified using established procedures. Human SULT2B1a SNPs were identified by a comprehensive database search. 13 SULT2B1a nonsynonymous missense coding SNPs (cSNPs) were selected, and site-directed mutagenesis was used to generate the corresponding cDNAs, packaged in pGEX-2TK expression vector, encoding these 13 SULT2B1a allozymes, which were bacterially expressed in BL21 E. coli cells and purified by glutathione-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Purified SULT2B1a allozymes were analyzed for sulfating activities towards pregnenolone. In comparison with the wild-type SULT2B1a, of the 13 allozymes, 11 showed reduced activity toward pregnenolone at 0.1 µM. Specifically, P134L and R259Q allozymes, reported to be involved in autosomal-recessive congenital ichthyosis, displayed low activity (1-10%) toward pregnenolone. The findings of this study may demonstrate the impact of genetic polymorphism on the sulfation of pregnenolone in individuals with different SULT2B1 genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eid Alatwi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Aljouf University, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
| | - Ahsan F Bairam
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Kufa Street, Najaf, 540011, Iraq
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4
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Che G, Wang W, Wang J, He C, Yin J, Chen Z, He C, Wang X, Yang Y, Liu J. Sulfotransferase SULT2B1 facilitates colon cancer metastasis by promoting SCD1-mediated lipid metabolism. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1587. [PMID: 38372484 PMCID: PMC10875708 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is responsible for at least 90% of colon cancer (CC)-related deaths. Lipid metabolism is a critical factor in cancer metastasis, yet the underlying mechanism requires further investigation. Herein, through the utilisation of single-cell sequencing and proteomics, we identified sulfotransferase SULT2B1 as a novel metastatic tumour marker of CC, which was associated with poor prognosis. CC orthotopic model and in vitro assays showed that SULT2B1 promoted lipid metabolism and metastasis. Moreover, SULT2B1 directly interacted with SCD1 to facilitate lipid metabolism and promoted metastasis of CC cells. And the combined application of SCD1 inhibitor CAY with SULT2B1- konockout (KO) demonstrated a more robust inhibitory effect on lipid metabolism and metastasis of CC cells in comparison to sole application of SULT2B1-KO. Notably, we revealed that lovastatin can block the SULT2B1-induced promotion of lipid metabolism and distant metastasis in vivo. Further evidence showed that SMC1A transcriptionally upregulated the expression of SULT2B1. Our findings unveiled the critical role of SULT2B1 in CC metastasis and provided a new perspective for the treatment of CC patients with distant metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Che
- Department of Surgical OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Center Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Wankun Wang
- Department of Surgical OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Center Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Colorectal SurgerySir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Cheng He
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Colorectal MedicineZhejiang Cancer HospitalHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Zhendong Chen
- Department of Surgical OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Center Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Chao He
- Department of Surgical OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Center Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Xujing Wang
- Department of Surgical OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Center Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Surgical OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Center Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Surgical OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Center Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
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5
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Wu Y, Chen Z, Wang F, Wan X, Wang F, Sun X. Macrophage Sult2b1 promotes pathological neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302020. [PMID: 37550000 PMCID: PMC10427760 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Disordered immune responses and cholesterol metabolism have been implicated in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in elderly individuals. SULT2B1, the key enzyme of sterol sulfonation, plays important roles in inflammation and cholesterol metabolism. However, the role and underlying mechanism of SULT2B1 in AMD have not been investigated thus far. Here, we report that SULT2B1 is specifically expressed in macrophages in choroidal neovascularization lesions. Sutl2b1 deficiency significantly reduced leakage areas and inhibited pathological angiogenesis by inhibiting M2 macrophage activation in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, loss of Sult2b1 activated LXRs and subsequently increased ABCA1 and ABCG1 (ABCA1/G1)-mediated cholesterol efflux from M2 macrophages. LXR inhibition (GSK2033 treatment) in Sult2b1 -/- macrophages reversed M2 polarization and decreased intracellular cholesterol capacity to promote pathological angiogenesis. In contrast to SULT2B1, STS, an enzyme of sterol desulfonation, protected against choroidal neovascularization development by activating LXR-ABCA1/G1 signalling to block M2 polarization. Collectively, these data reveal a cholesterol metabolism axis related to macrophage polarization in neovascular AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Medical Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yidong Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixuan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenghua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
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6
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Alatwi E, Bairam A. The role of genetic polymorphisms in the sulfation of pregnenolone by human cytosolic sulfotransferase SULT2B1a. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3471389. [PMID: 37961499 PMCID: PMC10635367 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3471389/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Pregnenolone is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of many steroid hormones and neuroprotective steroids. Sulfotransferase family cytosolic 2B member 1 (SULT2B1a) has been reported to be highly selective to sulfate pregnenolone. This study aimed to clarify the effect of missense single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the human SULT2B1 gene on the sulfating activity of coded SULT2B1a allozymes toward Pregnenolone. To investigate the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms of the SULT2B1 gene on the sulfation of pregnenolone by SULT2B1a allozymes, 13 recombinant SULT2B1a allozymes were generated, expressed, and purified using established procedures. Human SULT2B1a SNPs were identified by a comprehensive database search. 13 SULT2B1a nonsynonymous missense coding SNPs (cSNPs) were selected, and site-directed mutagenesis was used to generate the corresponding cDNAs, packaged in pGEX-2TK expression vector, encoding these 13 SULT2B1a allozymes, which were bacterially expressed in BL21 E. coli cells and purified by glutathione-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Purified SULT2B1a allozymes were analyzed for sulfating activities towards pregnenolone. In comparison with the wild-type SULT2B1a, of the 13 allozymes, 11 showed reduced activity toward pregnenolone at 0.1 μM. Specifically, P134L and R259Q allozymes, reported to be involved in autosomal-recessive congenital ichthyosis, displayed low activity (1-10%) toward pregnenolone. The findings of this study may demonstrate the impact of genetic polymorphism on the sulfation of pregnenolone in individuals with different SULT2B1 genotypes.
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7
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Falany CN, Garcia PL, Hossain MI, van Waardenburg RCAM. Human cytosolic steroid sulfotransferases: Versatile and rapid activity assays. Methods Enzymol 2023; 689:332-352. [PMID: 37802577 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Conjugation of steroids and sterol compounds with a sulfonate group is a major pathway in the regulation of their activity, synthesis and excretion. Three human cytosolic sulfotransferases are highly involved in the sulfonation of sterol compounds. SULT1E1 has a low nM affinity for estrogen sulfonation and also conjugates non-aromatic steroids with a significantly lower affinity. SULT2A1 is responsible for the high levels of fetal and adult dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) sulfate synthesis in the adrenal gland as well as many 3α and 3ß-hydroxysteroids and bile acids. SULT2B1b is responsible for the majority of cholesterol sulfation in tissues as well as conjugating 3ß-hydroxysteroids. Although there are multiple methods for assaying cytosolic SULT activity, two relatively simple, rapid and versatile assays for steroid sulfonation are described. The first method utilizes radiolabeled substrates and organic solvent extraction to isolate the radiolabeled product from the aqueous phase. The second assay utilizes 35S-3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to generate 35S-conjugated products that are resolved by thin layer chromatography. Both assays useful in situations requiring measurement of SULT activity in a timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N Falany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall, University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, United States.
| | - Patrick L Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall, University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - M Iqbal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall, University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Robert C A M van Waardenburg
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall, University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, United States
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8
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Cook I, Leyh TS. Sulfotransferase 2B1b, Sterol Sulfonation, and Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:521-531. [PMID: 36549865 PMCID: PMC10158503 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary function of human sulfotransferase 2B1b (SULT2B1b) is to sulfonate cholesterol and closely related sterols. SULT2B1b sterols perform a number of essential cellular functions. Many are signaling molecules whose activities are redefined by sulfonation-allosteric properties are switched "on" or "off," agonists are transformed into antagonists, and vice versa. Sterol sulfonation is tightly coupled to cholesterol homeostasis, and sulfonation imbalances are causally linked to cholesterol-related diseases including certain cancers, Alzheimer disease, and recessive X-linked ichthyosis-an orphan skin disease. Numerous studies link SULT2B1b activity to disease-relevant molecular processes. Here, these multifaceted processes are integrated into metabolic maps that highlight their interdependence and how their actions are regulated and coordinated by SULT2B1b oxysterol sulfonation. The maps help explain why SULT2B1b inhibition arrests the growth of certain cancers and make the novel prediction that SULT2B1b inhibition will suppress production of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and tau fibrils while simultaneously stimulating Aβ plaque phagocytosis. SULT2B1b harbors a sterol-selective allosteric site whose structure is discussed as a template for creating inhibitors to regulate SULT2B1b and its associated biology. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Human sulfotransferase 2B1b (SULT2B1b) produces sterol-sulfate signaling molecules that maintain the homeostasis of otherwise pro-disease processes in cancer, Alzheimer disease, and X-linked ichthyosis-an orphan skin disease. The functions of sterol sulfates in each disease are considered and codified into metabolic maps that explain the interdependencies of the sterol-regulated networks and their coordinate regulation by SULT2B1b. The structure of the SULT2B1b sterol-sensing allosteric site is discussed as a means of controlling sterol sulfate biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Cook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Thomas S Leyh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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9
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Morino K, Kunimura K, Sugiura Y, Izumi Y, Matsubara K, Akiyoshi S, Maeda R, Hirotani K, Sakata D, Mizuno S, Takahashi S, Bamba T, Uruno T, Fukui Y. Cholesterol sulfate limits neutrophil recruitment and gut inflammation during mucosal injury. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1131146. [PMID: 37006281 PMCID: PMC10063914 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1131146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
During mucosal injury, intestinal immune cells play a crucial role in eliminating invading bacteria. However, as the excessive accumulation of immune cells promotes inflammation and delays tissue repair, it is essential to identify the mechanism that limits the infiltration of immune cells to the mucosal-luminal interface. Cholesterol sulfate (CS) is the lipid product of the sulfotransferase SULT2B1 and suppresses immune reactions by inhibiting DOCK2-mediated Rac activation. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the physiological role of CS in the intestinal tract. We found that, in the small intestine and colon, CS is predominantly produced in the epithelial cells close to the lumen. While dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis was exacerbated in Sult2b1-deficient mice with increased prevalence of neutrophils, the elimination of either neutrophils or intestinal bacteria in Sult2b1-deficient mice attenuated disease development. Similar results were obtained when the Dock2 was genetically deleted in Sult2b1-deficient mice. In addition, we also show that indomethacin-induced ulcer formation in the small intestine was exacerbated in Sult2b1-deficient mice and was ameliorated by CS administration. Thus, our results uncover that CS acts on inflammatory neutrophils, and prevents excessive gut inflammation by inhibiting the Rac activator DOCK2. The administration of CS may be a novel therapeutic strategy for inflammatory bowel disease and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Morino
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Kunimura
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kazufumi Kunimura, ; Yoshinori Fukui,
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Multiomics Platform, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- Division of Metabolomics, Research Center for Transomics Medicine, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Matsubara
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sayaka Akiyoshi
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Rae Maeda
- Multiomics Platform, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hirotani
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daiji Sakata
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Division of Metabolomics, Research Center for Transomics Medicine, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takehito Uruno
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fukui
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kazufumi Kunimura, ; Yoshinori Fukui,
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10
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Isvoran A, Peng Y, Ceauranu S, Schmidt L, Nicot AB, Miteva MA. Pharmacogenetics of human sulfotransferases and impact of amino acid exchange on Phase II drug metabolism. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:103349. [PMID: 36096358 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sulfotransferases (SULTs) are Phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) catalyzing the sulfation of a variety of endogenous compounds, natural products, and drugs. Various drugs, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) can inhibit SULTs, affecting drug-drug interactions. Several polymorphisms have been identified for SULTs that might be crucial for interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity or for increased disease risk. Here, we review current knowledge on non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) of human SULTs, focusing on the coded SULT allozymes and molecular mechanisms explaining their variable activity, which is essential for personalized medicine. We discuss the structural and dynamic bases of key amino acid (AA) variants implicated in the impacts on drug metabolism in the case of SULT1A1, as revealed by molecular modeling approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Isvoran
- Department of Biology-Chemistry and Advanced Environmental Research Laboratories, West University of Timisoara, 16 Pestalozzi, 300115 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Yunhui Peng
- INSERM U1268 Medicinal Chemistry and Translational Research, CiTCoM UMR 8038 CNRS - Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Silvana Ceauranu
- Department of Biology-Chemistry and Advanced Environmental Research Laboratories, West University of Timisoara, 16 Pestalozzi, 300115 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Leon Schmidt
- Department of Biology-Chemistry and Advanced Environmental Research Laboratories, West University of Timisoara, 16 Pestalozzi, 300115 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Arnaud B Nicot
- INSERM, Nantes Université, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Maria A Miteva
- INSERM U1268 Medicinal Chemistry and Translational Research, CiTCoM UMR 8038 CNRS - Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France.
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11
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The emerging role of 27-hydroxycholesterol in cancer development and progression: An update. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109074. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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He T, Tao B, Yi C, Zhang C, Zhang P, Shao W, Li Y, Chen Z, Lu L, Jia H, Zhu W, Lin J, Chen J. 27-Hydroxycholesterol promotes metastasis by SULT2A1-dependent alteration in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:2575-2589. [PMID: 35599597 PMCID: PMC9357618 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxysterol metabolism plays an important role in the initiation and development of various tumors. However, little is known that the metabolic alternation can promote the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we identify the sulfotransferase family 2A member 1 (SULT2A1) to 27‐hydroxycholesterol (27‐OHC) metabolic axis as playing a critical role in HCC metastasis. The level of 27‐OHC closely corresponded with HCC metastasis instead of proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Also, the expression of SULT2A1 is extremely downregulated in human HCC tissues and is correlated with poor prognosis and tumor metastasis. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function studies reveal that SULT2A1 suppresses the metastasis of HCC by regulating the level of 27‐OHC. Further mechanistic studies indicated that SULT2A1‐dependent alternation of 27‐OHC activates the nuclear factor‐κB signaling pathway and promotes HCC metastasis by enhancing Twist1 expression and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. In conclusion, our findings indicate the relationship between the metabolism of 27‐OHC and the metastasis of HCC. Moreover, SULT2A1 could act as a potential prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for preventing HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taochen He
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cancer Metastasis, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baorui Tao
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cancer Metastasis, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenhe Yi
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cancer Metastasis, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cancer Metastasis, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cancer Metastasis, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Shao
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yitong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cancer Metastasis, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenmei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cancer Metastasis, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huliang Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwei Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cancer Metastasis, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Vitku J, Hill M, Kolatorova L, Kubala Havrdova E, Kancheva R. Steroid Sulfation in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:839887. [PMID: 35281259 PMCID: PMC8904904 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.839887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid sulfation and desulfation participates in the regulation of steroid bioactivity, metabolism and transport. The authors focused on sulfation and desulfation balance in three neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer´s disease (AD), Parkinson´s disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Circulating steroid conjugates dominate their unconjugated counterparts, but unconjugated steroids outweigh their conjugated counterparts in the brain. Apart from the neurosteroid synthesis in the central nervous system (CNS), most brain steroids cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) from the periphery and then may be further metabolized. Therefore, steroid levels in the periphery partly reflect the situation in the brain. The CNS steroids subsequently influence the neuronal excitability and have neuroprotective, neuroexcitatory, antidepressant and memory enhancing effects. They also exert anti-inflammatory and immunoprotective actions. Like the unconjugated steroids, the sulfated ones modulate various ligand-gated ion channels. Conjugation by sulfotransferases increases steroid water solubility and facilitates steroid transport. Steroid sulfates, having greater half-lives than their unconjugated counterparts, also serve as a steroid stock pool. Sulfotransferases are ubiquitous enzymes providing massive steroid sulfation in adrenal zona reticularis and zona fasciculata.. Steroid sulfatase hydrolyzing the steroid conjugates is exceedingly expressed in placenta but is ubiquitous in low amounts including brain capillaries of BBB which can rapidly hydrolyze the steroid sulfates coming across the BBB from the periphery. Lower dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) plasma levels and reduced sulfotransferase activity are considered as risk factors in AD patients. The shifted balance towards unconjugated steroids can participate in the pathophysiology of PD and anti-inflammatory effects of DHEAS may counteract the MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Vitku
- Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Jana Vitku,
| | - Martin Hill
- Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lucie Kolatorova
- Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Eva Kubala Havrdova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Radmila Kancheva
- Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czechia
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14
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Tatsuguchi T, Uruno T, Sugiura Y, Sakata D, Izumi Y, Sakurai T, Hattori Y, Oki E, Kubota N, Nishimoto K, Oyama M, Kunimura K, Ohki T, Bamba T, Tahara H, Sakamoto M, Nakamura M, Suematsu M, Fukui Y. Cancer-derived cholesterol sulfate is a key mediator to prevent tumor infiltration by effector T cells. Int Immunol 2022; 34:277-289. [PMID: 35094065 PMCID: PMC9020568 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective tumor immunotherapy requires physical contact of T cells with cancer cells. However, tumors often constitute a specialized microenvironment that excludes T cells from the vicinity of cancer cells, and its underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. DOCK2 is a Rac activator critical for migration and activation of lymphocytes. We herein show that cancer-derived cholesterol sulfate (CS), a lipid product of the sulfotransferase SULT2B1b, acts as a DOCK2 inhibitor and prevents tumor infiltration by effector T cells. Using clinical samples, we found that CS was abundantly produced in certain types of human cancers such as colon cancers. Functionally, CS-producing cancer cells exhibited resistance to cancer-specific T-cell transfer and immune checkpoint blockade. Although SULT2B1b is known to sulfate oxysterols and inactivate their tumor-promoting activity, the expression levels of cholesterol hydroxylases, which mediate oxysterol production, are low in SULT2B1b-expressing cancers. Therefore, SULT2B1b inhibition could be a therapeutic strategy to disrupt tumor immune evasion in oxysterol-non-producing cancers. Thus, our findings define a previously unknown mechanism for tumor immune evasion and provide a novel insight into the development of effective immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Tatsuguchi
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takehito Uruno
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiji Sakata
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- Division of Metabolomics, Research Center for Transomics Medicine, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sakurai
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuko Hattori
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Oki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoto Kubota
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koshiro Nishimoto
- Department of Uro-Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masafumi Oyama
- Department of Uro-Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Kunimura
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuto Ohki
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Division of Metabolomics, Research Center for Transomics Medicine, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tahara
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
- Project Division of Cancer Biomolecular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiie Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fukui
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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15
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Schuler G. Steroid sulfates in domestic mammals and laboratory rodents. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2021; 76:106622. [PMID: 33765496 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Historically steroid sulfates have been considered predominantly as inactive metabolites. It was later discovered that by cleavage of the sulfate residue by steroid sulfatase (STS), they can be (re-)converted into active forms or into precursors for the local production of active steroids. This sulfatase pathway is now a very active field of research, which has gained considerable interest particularly in connection with the steroid metabolism of human steroid hormone-dependent cancer tissue. In comparison, there is much less information available on the occurrence of the sulfatase pathway in physiological settings, where the targeted uptake of steroid sulfates by specific transporters and their hydrolysis could serve to limit steroid effects to a subgroup of potentially steroid responsive cells. In humans, steroid sulfates of adrenal origin circulate in intriguingly high concentrations throughout most of life. Thus, ample substrate is available for the sulfatase pathway regardless of sex. However, the abundant adrenal output of steroid sulfates is a specific feature of select primates. Compared to humans, in our domestic mammals (dogs, cats, domestic ungulates) and laboratory rodents (mouse, rat) research into the biology of steroid sulfates is still in its infancy and information on the subject has so far been largely limited to punctual observations, which indicate considerable species-specific peculiarities. The aim of this overview is to provide a summary of the relevant information available in the above-mentioned species, predominantly taking into account data on concentrations of steroid sulfates in blood as well as the expression patterns and activities of relevant sulfotransferases and STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schuler
- Veterinary Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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16
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Yin M, Lu J, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Liu J, Wu T, Guo K, Luo T, Guo Z. Reduced SULT2B1b expression alleviates ox-LDL-induced inflammation by upregulating miR-148-3P via inhibiting the IKKβ/NF-κB pathway in macrophages. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:3428-3442. [PMID: 33428590 PMCID: PMC7906218 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven chronic inflammatory disease in which lipid-laden macrophage foam cells lead to inflamed lesions in arteries. Previous studies have proven that sulfotransferase 2B1b (SULT2B1b) has several roles in the regulation of lipid metabolism and the inflammatory response. However, little is known about the functions of SULT2B1b in ox-LDL-induced inflammation in macrophages. In this study, after treatment with either ox-LDL alone or combined with transfection of siRNAs targeting SULT2B1b, IL-6, TNF-α, NF-κB, IKKβ and IκB mRNA and protein expression were determined in Raw264.7 cells by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. The proliferative capacity was determined by EdU staining and Cell Counting Kit-8. Our data demonstrated that SULT2B1b knockdown could reduce phosphorylated NF-κB levels and downregulate IKKβ protein levels. Additionally, IκB levels were increased and the proliferation of ox-LDL stimulated cells was inhibited after SULT2B1b silencing. Downregulation of SULT2B1b expression was found to upregulate miR-148a-3p expression by microarray assay, while IKKβ was a miR-148a-3p target gene. Our study suggests that SULT2B1b knockdown could promote miR148a-3p expression and inhibit activation of the IKKβ/NF-κB signalling pathway, which suppressed the inflammatory response in macrophages. Therefore, targeting the SULT2B1b gene might be potentially beneficial for atherosclerosis prevention by decreasing the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhuo Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Huiqiao Medical Centre, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwen Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongzhou Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Huiqiao Medical Centre, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Huiqiao Medical Centre, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jichen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Huiqiao Medical Centre, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongwei Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Huiqiao Medical Centre, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Huiqiao Medical Centre, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Huiqiao Medical Centre, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Huiqiao Medical Centre, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
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17
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Asghari A, Umetani M. Obesity and Cancer: 27-Hydroxycholesterol, the Missing Link. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4822. [PMID: 32650428 PMCID: PMC7404106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is currently affecting more than 40% of the Americans, and if it progresses with this rate, soon one out of two Americans will be obese. Obesity is an important risk factor for several disorders including cardiovascular disease, the first cause of death in the United States. Cancer follows as the second deadliest disease, and a link between obesity and cancer has been suggested. However, it is very hard to establish an exact connection between obesity and cancers due to the multifactorial nature of obesity. Hypercholesterolemia is a comorbidity of obesity and also linked to several cancers. Recently a cholesterol metabolite 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC) was found to be an endogenous selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), which opened new doors toward several interesting studies on the role of this molecule in biological disorders. It is speculated that 27HC might be the missing link in the obesity and cancer chain. Here, we explored the effects of 27-hydroxycholesterol on obesity and cancers with a focus on the SERM capacity of 27HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvand Asghari
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5056, USA;
| | - Michihisa Umetani
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5056, USA;
- HEALTH Research Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5056, USA
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18
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Steroids and Alzheimer's Disease: Changes Associated with Pathology and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134812. [PMID: 32646017 PMCID: PMC7370115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial age-related neurodegenerative disease that today has no effective treatment to prevent or slow its progression. Neuroactive steroids, including neurosteroids and sex steroids, have attracted attention as potential suitable candidates to alleviate AD pathology. Accumulating evidence shows that they exhibit pleiotropic neuroprotective properties that are relevant for AD. This review focuses on the relationship between selected neuroactive steroids and the main aspects of AD disease, pointing out contributions and gaps with reference to sex differences. We take into account the regulation of brain steroid concentrations associated with human AD pathology. Consideration is given to preclinical studies in AD models providing current knowledge on the neuroprotection offered by neuroactive (neuro)steroids on major AD pathogenic factors, such as amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau pathology, mitochondrial impairment, neuroinflammation, neurogenesis and memory loss. Stimulating endogenous steroid production opens a new steroid-based strategy to potentially overcome AD pathology. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Steroids and the Nervous System.
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19
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Park S, Song CS, Lin CL, Jiang S, Osmulski PA, Wang CM, Marck BT, Matsumoto AM, Morrissey C, Gaczynska ME, Chen Y, Mostaghel EA, Chatterjee B. Inhibitory Interplay of SULT2B1b Sulfotransferase with AKR1C3 Aldo-keto Reductase in Prostate Cancer. Endocrinology 2020; 161:bqz042. [PMID: 31894239 PMCID: PMC7341717 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqz042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SULT2B1b (SULT2B) is a prostate-expressed hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase, which may regulate intracrine androgen homeostasis by mediating 3β-sulfation of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), the precursor for 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) biosynthesis. The aldo-keto reductase (AKR)1C3 regulates androgen receptor (AR) activity in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) by promoting tumor tissue androgen biosynthesis from adrenal DHEA and also by functioning as an AR-selective coactivator. Herein we report that SULT2B-depleted CRPC cells, arising from stable RNA interference or gene knockout (KO), are markedly upregulated for AKR1C3, activated for ERK1/2 survival signal, and induced for epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT)-like changes. EMT was evident from increased mesenchymal proteins and elevated EMT-inducing transcription factors SNAI1 and TWIST1 in immunoblot and single-cell mass cytometry analyses. SULT2B KO cells showed greater motility and invasion in vitro; growth escalation in xenograft study; and enhanced metastatic potential predicted on the basis of decreased cell stiffness and adhesion revealed from atomic force microscopy analysis. While AR and androgen levels were unchanged, AR activity was elevated, since PSA and FKBP5 mRNA induction by DHT-activated AR was several-fold higher in SULT2B-silenced cells. AKR1C3 silencing prevented ERK1/2 activation and SNAI1 induction in SULT2B-depleted cells. SULT2B was undetectable in nearly all CRPC metastases from 50 autopsy cases. Primary tumors showed variable and Gleason score (GS)-independent SULT2B levels. CRPC metastases lacking SULT2B expressed AKR1C3. Since AKR1C3 is frequently elevated in advanced prostate cancer, the inhibitory influence of SULT2B on AKR1C3 upregulation, ERK1/2 activation, EMT-like induction, and on cell motility and invasiveness may be clinically significant. Pathways regulating the inhibitory SULT2B-AKR1C3 axis may inform new avenue(s) for targeting SULT2B-deficient prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulgi Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, South Korea
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Chung-Seog Song
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Chun-Lin Lin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Shoulei Jiang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Pawel A Osmulski
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Chiou-Miin Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Brett T Marck
- Geriatric Research, Education & Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
| | - Alvin M Matsumoto
- Geriatric Research, Education & Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Maria E Gaczynska
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Yidong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Greehy Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Elahe A Mostaghel
- Geriatric Research, Education & Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Bandana Chatterjee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
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20
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SULT2B1b inhibits reverse cholesterol transport and promotes cholesterol accumulation and inflammation in lymphocytes from AMI patients with low LDL-C levels. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:273-287. [PMID: 31957803 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The current main treatment for coronary artery disease (CAD) is to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by statins, which could decrease the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) by 30%. However, many residual risks still remain. To clarify the mechanism involved, we studied patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with low LDL-C levels. Lymphocytes were isolated, and it was found that despite no difference in plasma LDL-C level, the lymphocyte cholesterol content was higher in AMI patient than those in non-CAD patients; thus, the decrease in intracellular cholesterol content was inconsistent with that in the plasma. Additionally, [3H]-cholesterol efflux rates were lower and mRNA levels of the inflammatory factors tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) higher in AMI lymphocytes. It was found that sulphotransferase 2B1b (SULT2B1b) expression was higher in AMI lymphocytes. Further research using Jurkat T lymphocytes confirmed that SULT2B1b knockdown increased cholesterol efflux capacity and decreased mRNA levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ by increasing liver X receptor (LXR)-β levels. Furthermore, the degree of CpG island methylation in the SULT2B1b promoter was reduced in cells from AMI patients. In conclusion, SULT2B1b up-regulation due to hypomethylation of its promoter promotes cholesterol accumulation and inflammation by inhibiting LXR-β in lymphocytes of AMI patients with low LDL-C levels. Therefore, reducing intracellular cholesterol is also important as plasma cholesterol levels. Therapeutic approaches to decrease SULT2B1b expression might be potentially beneficial for CAD prevention by decreasing intracellular cholesterol.
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21
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Hong W, Guo F, Yang M, Xu D, Zhuang Z, Niu B, Bai Q, Li X. Hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase 2B1 affects gastric epithelial function and carcinogenesis induced by a carcinogenic agent. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:203. [PMID: 31757214 PMCID: PMC6874824 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A healthy gastric mucosal epithelium exhibits tumor-suppressive properties. Gastric epithelial cell dysfunction contributes to gastric cancer development. Oxysterols provided from food or cholesterol oxidation in the gastric epithelium may be further sulfated by hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase 2B1 (SULT2B1), which is highly abundant in the gastric epithelium. However, the effects of SULT2B1 on gastric epithelial function and gastric carcinogenesis are unclear. Methods A mouse gastric tumor model was established using carcinogenic agent 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MCA). A SULT2B1 deletion (SULT2B1−/−) human gastric epithelial line GES-1 was constructed by CRISPR/CAS9 genome editing system. Results The gastric tumor incidence was higher in the SULT2B1−/− mice than in the wild-type (WT) mice. In gastric epithelial cells, adenovirus-mediated SULT2B1b overexpression reduced the levels of oxysterols, such as 24(R/S),25-epoxycholesterol (24(R/S),25-EC) and 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC). This condition also increased PI3K/AKT signaling to promote gastric epithelial cell proliferation, epithelization, and epithelial development. However, SULT2B1 deletion or SULT2B1 knockdown suppressed PI3K/AKT signaling, epithelial cell epithelization, and wound healing and induced gastric epithelial cell malignant transition upon 3-MCA induction. Conclusions The abundant SULT2B1 expression in normal gastric epithelium might maintain epithelial function via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and suppress gastric carcinogenesis induced by a carcinogenic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Hong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fenghua Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Hua'shan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingjie Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dongke Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ziyan Zhuang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Baolin Niu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qianming Bai
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Li Y, Meng Q, Yang M, Liu D, Hou X, Tang L, Wang X, Lyu Y, Chen X, Liu K, Yu AM, Zuo Z, Bi H. Current trends in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:1113-1144. [PMID: 31867160 PMCID: PMC6900561 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacokinetics (PK) is the study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) processes of a drug. Understanding PK properties is essential for drug development and precision medication. In this review we provided an overview of recent research on PK with focus on the following aspects: (1) an update on drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in the determination of PK, as well as advances in xenobiotic receptors and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the modulation of PK, providing new understanding of the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms that result in inter-individual variations in pharmacotherapy; (2) current status and trends in assessing drug-drug interactions, especially interactions between drugs and herbs, between drugs and therapeutic biologics, and microbiota-mediated interactions; (3) advances in understanding the effects of diseases on PK, particularly changes in metabolizing enzymes and transporters with disease progression; (4) trends in mathematical modeling including physiologically-based PK modeling and novel animal models such as CRISPR/Cas9-based animal models for DMPK studies; (5) emerging non-classical xenobiotic metabolic pathways and the involvement of novel metabolic enzymes, especially non-P450s. Existing challenges and perspectives on future directions are discussed, and may stimulate the development of new research models, technologies, and strategies towards the development of better drugs and improved clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Mengbi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiangyu Hou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lan Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuanfeng Lyu
- School of Pharmacy, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ai-Ming Yu
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huichang Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Alherz FA, El Daibani AA, Abunnaja MS, Bairam AF, Rasool MI, Sakakibara Y, Suiko M, Kurogi K, Liu MC. Effect of SULT2B1 genetic polymorphisms on the sulfation of dehydroepiandrosterone and pregnenolone by SULT2B1b allozymes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 496:110535. [PMID: 31400397 PMCID: PMC6733586 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) are hydroxysteroids that serve as biosynthetic precursors for steroid hormones in human body. SULT2B1b has been reported to be critically involved in the sulfation of pregnenolone and DHEA, particularly in the sex steroid-responsive tissues. The current study was designed to investigate the impact of the genetic polymorphisms of SULT2B1 on the sulfation of DHEA and pregnenolone by SULT2B1b allozymes. Ten SULT2B1b allozymes previously prepared were shown to exhibit differential sulfating activities toward DHEA and pregnenolone in comparison to the wild-type enzyme. Kinetic studies revealed further significant changes in their substrate-binding affinity and catalytic activity toward DHEA and pregnenolone. Taken together, these results indicated clearly a profound effect of SULT2B1 genetic polymorphisms on the sulfating activity of SULT2B1b allozymes toward DHEA and pregnenolone, which may have implications in inter-individual variations in the homeostasis of these two important steroid precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemah A Alherz
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amal A El Daibani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
| | - Maryam S Abunnaja
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
| | - Ahsan F Bairam
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq.
| | - Mohammed I Rasool
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Karbala, Karbala, Iraq.
| | - Yoichi Sakakibara
- Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.
| | - Masahito Suiko
- Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.
| | - Katsuhisa Kurogi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA; Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.
| | - Ming-Cheh Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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24
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Yang J, Broman MM, Cooper PO, Lanman NA, Strand DW, Morrissey C, Ratliff TL. Distinct expression patterns of SULT2B1b in human prostate epithelium. Prostate 2019; 79:1256-1266. [PMID: 31212370 PMCID: PMC7064034 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SULT2B1b (sulfotransferase family cytosolic 2B member 1b) catalyzes the sulfate conjugation of substrates such as cholesterol and oxysterols. Our laboratory has previously shown that SULT2B1b inhibition modulates androgen receptor signaling and induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. However, the functions of SULT2B1b in the prostate remain poorly understood. METHODS We characterized the expression pattern of SULT2B1b in human benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) as well as prostate cancer to determine the relationship between SULT2B1b and prostate diseases, using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining, immunoblot, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS SULT2B1b was strongly detected in the prostate epithelium but was absent in the stroma. Significantly lower SULT2B1b was found in primary cancer cells compared with adjacent normal epithelial cells. SULT2B1b further decreased in metastatic cancer cells. Most interestingly, we found, for the first time, that SULT2B1b was much more concentrated in the luminal layer than in the basal layer in both normal prostate and BPH samples. The stronger presence of SULT2B1b in luminal epithelial cells was confirmed by costaining with luminal and basal markers and in sorted paired luminal and basal cells. SULT2B1b expression was induced with prostate organoid differentiation. CONCLUSIONS SULT2B1b inversely correlates with prostate cancer status, with the highest level in the normal epithelium and lowest in the advanced metastatic prostate cancer. Furthermore, SULT2B1b is mostly located within the luminal layer of the prostate epithelium, suggesting that it may be implicated in luminal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Yang
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Meaghan M. Broman
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Paula O. Cooper
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Nadia A. Lanman
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Douglas W. Strand
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Timothy L. Ratliff
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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25
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An Y, Wang P, Xu P, Tung HC, Xie Y, Kirisci L, Xu M, Ren S, Tian X, Ma X, Xie W. An Unexpected Role of Cholesterol Sulfotransferase and its Regulation in Sensitizing Mice to Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 95:597-605. [PMID: 30944208 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.114819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) is the leading cause of acute liver failure (ALF) in the United States. The sulfotransferase-mediated sulfation of APAP is widely believed to be a protective mechanism to attenuate the hepatotoxicity of APAP. The cholesterol sulfotransferase SULT2B1b is best known for its activity in catalyzing the sulfoconjugation of cholesterol to synthesize cholesterol sulfate. SULT2B1b can be transcriptionally and positively regulated by the hepatic nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α). In this study, we uncovered an unexpected role for SULT2B1b in APAP toxicity. Hepatic overexpression of SULT2B1b sensitized mice to APAP-induced liver injury, whereas ablation of the Sult2B1b gene in mice conferred resistance to the APAP hepatotoxicity. Consistent with the notion that Sult2B1b is a transcriptional target of HNF4α, overexpression of HNF4α sensitized mice or primary hepatocytes to APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in a Sult2B1b-dependent manner. We conclude that the HNF4α-SULT2B1b axis has a unique role in APAP-induced acute liver injury, and SULT2B1b induction might be a risk factor for APAP hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi An
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, (Y.A., P.W., P.X., H-C.T., Y.X., L.K., M.X., S.R., X.T., X.M., W.X.) and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (W.X.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (X.T.)
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, (Y.A., P.W., P.X., H-C.T., Y.X., L.K., M.X., S.R., X.T., X.M., W.X.) and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (W.X.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (X.T.)
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, (Y.A., P.W., P.X., H-C.T., Y.X., L.K., M.X., S.R., X.T., X.M., W.X.) and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (W.X.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (X.T.)
| | - Hung-Chun Tung
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, (Y.A., P.W., P.X., H-C.T., Y.X., L.K., M.X., S.R., X.T., X.M., W.X.) and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (W.X.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (X.T.)
| | - Yang Xie
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, (Y.A., P.W., P.X., H-C.T., Y.X., L.K., M.X., S.R., X.T., X.M., W.X.) and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (W.X.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (X.T.)
| | - Levent Kirisci
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, (Y.A., P.W., P.X., H-C.T., Y.X., L.K., M.X., S.R., X.T., X.M., W.X.) and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (W.X.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (X.T.)
| | - Meishu Xu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, (Y.A., P.W., P.X., H-C.T., Y.X., L.K., M.X., S.R., X.T., X.M., W.X.) and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (W.X.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (X.T.)
| | - Songrong Ren
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, (Y.A., P.W., P.X., H-C.T., Y.X., L.K., M.X., S.R., X.T., X.M., W.X.) and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (W.X.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (X.T.)
| | - Xin Tian
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, (Y.A., P.W., P.X., H-C.T., Y.X., L.K., M.X., S.R., X.T., X.M., W.X.) and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (W.X.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (X.T.)
| | - Xiaochao Ma
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, (Y.A., P.W., P.X., H-C.T., Y.X., L.K., M.X., S.R., X.T., X.M., W.X.) and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (W.X.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (X.T.)
| | - Wen Xie
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, (Y.A., P.W., P.X., H-C.T., Y.X., L.K., M.X., S.R., X.T., X.M., W.X.) and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (W.X.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (X.T.)
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26
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Yang X, Du X, Sun L, Zhao X, Zhu J, Li G, Tian J, Li X, Wang Z. SULT2B1b promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition through activation of the β-catenin/MMP7 pathway in hepatocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 510:495-500. [PMID: 30658852 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurs in the progression of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase 2B1b (SULT2B1b) promotes the proliferation of hepatocarcinoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, the correlation between SULT2B1b and the EMT in hepatocytes has not yet been addressed. The present study demonstrated that the SULT2B1b overexpression promoted the EMT process in mouse primary hepatocytes in the absence or presence of TGF-β1 treatment. Moreover, SULT2B1b interference suppressed the EMT and attenuated the migration and invasion abilities of human hepatocarcinoma BEL-7402 cells by inhibiting the activation of the β-catenin/MMP-7 pathway. In summary, SULT2B1b enhanced the EMT of hepatocytes and promoted the migration and invasion abilities of BEL-7402 cells by activing the β-catenin/MMP-7 pathway. Therefore, inhibition of SULT2B1b has therapeutic potential for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Xingchen Du
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Xunxia Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Jinyuan Zhu
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Guizhong Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Jue Tian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhengyang Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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Alherz FA, Abunnaja MS, El Daibani AA, Bairam AF, Rasool MI, Kurogi K, Sakakibara Y, Suiko M, Liu MC. On the role of genetic polymorphisms in the sulfation of cholesterol by human cytosolic sulphotransferase SULT2B1b. J Biochem 2018; 164:215-221. [PMID: 29701841 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulphated cholesterol, like its unsulphated counterpart, is known to be biologically active and serves a myriad of biochemical/physiological functions. Of the 13 human cytosolic sulphotransferases (SULTs), SULT2B1b has been reported as the main enzyme responsible for the sulphation of cholesterol. As such, SULT2B1b may play the role as a key regulator of cholesterol metabolism. Variations in the sulphating activity of SULT2B1b may affect the sulphation of cholesterol and, consequently, the related physiological events. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of the genetic polymorphisms on the sulphation of cholesterol by SULT2B1b. Ten recombinant SULT2B1b allozymes were generated, expressed, and purified. Purified SULT2B1b allozymes were shown to display differential cholesterol-sulphating activities, compared with the wild-type enzyme. Kinetic studies revealed further their distinct substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency toward cholesterol. These findings showed clearly the impact of genetic polymorphisms on the cholesterol-sulphating activity of SULT2B1b allozymes, which may underscore the differential metabolism of cholesterol in individuals with different SULT2B1b genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemah A Alherz
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Maryam S Abunnaja
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Amal A El Daibani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ahsan F Bairam
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Mohammed I Rasool
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Karbala, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Katsuhisa Kurogi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sakakibara
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Masahito Suiko
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ming-Cheh Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, USA
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28
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Upregulation of 24(R/S),25-epoxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol suppresses the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:892-898. [PMID: 30224060 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers and is the second-leading cause of cancer-associated morbidity worldwide. Oxysterols are oxidized derivatives of cholesterol that may be important in many biological processes, but the levels and roles of oxysterols in gastric tumours remain to be elucidated. The levels of cholesterol, oxysterols and sulfated oxysterols in human gastric tumour tissues, adjacent normal mucosal tissues, cancerous gastric juice and gastric juice obtained from healthy subjects were detected by LC-MS. It was found that the levels of 24(R/S),25-EC and 27HC in human gastric tumour tissues and cancerous gastric juice were significantly increased compared with those of adjacent normal mucosal tissues and gastric juice from healthy subjects. Compared with normal gastric mucosal tissue, the levels of sulfated 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC3S) and the ratio of 25HC3S/25HC were decreased in human gastric tumour tissues, which might be related to the dramatically decreased SULT2A1 expression in gastric tumour tissue. Both 24(R/S),25-EC and 27HC suppressed gastric cancer proliferation, which was not altered by LXRα-siRNA treatment. The suppression of cell proliferation induced by 27HC was attenuated by LXRβ-siRNA, but the suppression of cell proliferation induced by 24(R/S),25-EC was intensified by LXRβ-siRNA. Both 24(R/S),25-EC and 27HC dramatically inhibited HGC-27 cell migration, which was attenuated by the co-transfection of cells with LXRα-siRNA and LXRβ-siRNA, but not LXRα-siRNA or LXRβ-siRNA alone. In conclusion, the accumulated 24(R/S),25-EC and 27HC in human gastric tumour tissues might play important roles in gastric cancer development.
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29
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Zimmer B, Tenbusch L, Klymiuk MC, Dezhkam Y, Schuler G. SULFATION PATHWAYS: Expression of SULT2A1, SULT2B1 and HSD3B1 in the porcine testis and epididymis. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:M41-M55. [PMID: 29588428 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the porcine testis, in addition to estrogen sulfates, the formation of numerous sulfonated neutral hydroxysteroids has been observed. However, their functions and the underlying synthetic pathways are still widely unclear. To obtain further information on their formation in postpubertal boars, the expression of sulfotransferases considered relevant for neutral hydroxysteroids (SULT2A1, SULT2B1) was investigated in the testis and defined segments of the epididymis applying real-time RT-qPCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Sulfotransferase activities were assessed in tissue homogenates or cytosolic preparations applying dehydroepiandrosterone and pregnenolone as substrates. A high SULT2A1 expression was confirmed in the testis and localized in Leydig cells by IHC. In the epididymis, SULT2A1 expression was virtually confined to the body. SULT2B1 expression was absent or low in the testis but increased significantly along the epididymis. Immunohistochemical observations indicate that both enzymes are secreted into the ductal lumen via an apocrine mechanism. The results from the characterization of expression patterns and activity measurements suggest that SULT2A1 is the prevailing enzyme for the sulfonation of hydroxysteroids in the testis, whereas SULT2B1 may catalyze the formation of sterol sulfates in the epididymis. In order to obtain information on the overall steroidogenic capacity of the porcine epididymis, the expression of important steroidogenic enzymes (CYP11A1, CYP17A1, CYP19, HSD3B1, HSD17B3, SRD5A2) was monitored in the defined epididymal segments applying real-time RT-qPCR. Surprisingly, in addition to a high expression of SRD5A2 in the epididymal head, a substantial expression of HSD3B1 was detected, which increased along the organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zimmer
- Veterinary Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - L Tenbusch
- Veterinary Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - M C Klymiuk
- Veterinary Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Y Dezhkam
- Veterinary Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - G Schuler
- Veterinary Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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30
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Laderoute H, Bone C, Squires EJ. The sulfoconjugation of androstenone and dehydroepiandrosterone by human and porcine sulfotransferase enzymes. Steroids 2018; 136:8-16. [PMID: 29792900 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Porcine sulfotransferase 2A1 (pSULT2A1) is a key enzyme involved in the testicular and hepatic sulfoconjugation of steroids such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and potentially androstenone. This latter steroid is a major cause of boar taint, which is an unpleasant off-odour and off-flavour in pork from male pigs. Sulfotransferase 2B1 (pSULT2B1) may also be important, although no direct evidence exists for its involvement in sulfoconjugation of steroids. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sulfoconjugation activity of human and porcine sulfotransferases towards DHEA and androstenone. pcDNA 3.1 vectors expressing porcine (p) SULT2A1, pSULT2B1, human (h) SULT2A1, hSULT2B1a, and hSULT2B1b enzymes were transfected into human embryonic kidney cells. Transfected cells were then incubated with either androstenone or dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in both time-course and enzyme kinetics studies. The production of sulfonates of androstenone metabolites and DHEA sulfonate increased over time for all enzymes with the exception of pSULT2B1. Enzyme kinetics analysis showed that androstenone and DHEA were poor substrates for the human orthologs, hSULT2B1a and hSULT2B1b. Human and porcine SULT2A1 showed substantially different substrate affinities for androstenone (Km 5.8 ± 0.6 µM and 74.1 ± 15.9 µM, respectively) and DHEA (Km 9.4 ± 2.5 µM and 3.3 ± 1.9 µM, respectively). However, these enzymes did show relatively similar sulfonation efficiencies for DHEA (Vmax/Km 50.5 and 72.9 for hSULT2A1 and pSULT2A1, respectively). These results highlight the species differences in sulfonation activity and provide direct evidence, for the first time, suggesting that pSULT2B1 is not involved in sulfonation of either androstenone metabolites or DHEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Laderoute
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Christine Bone
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - E James Squires
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada.
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Sakurai T, Uruno T, Sugiura Y, Tatsuguchi T, Yamamura K, Ushijima M, Hattori Y, Kukimoto-Niino M, Mishima-Tsumagari C, Watanabe M, Suematsu M, Fukui Y. Cholesterol sulfate is a DOCK2 inhibitor that mediates tissue-specific immune evasion in the eye. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/541/eaao4874. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aao4874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Yip CKY, Bansal S, Wong SY, Lau AJ. Identification of Galeterone and Abiraterone as Inhibitors of Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfonation Catalyzed by Human Hepatic Cytosol, SULT2A1, SULT2B1b, and SULT1E1. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:470-482. [PMID: 29436390 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.078980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Galeterone and abiraterone acetate are antiandrogens developed for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. In the present study, we investigated the effect of these drugs on dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) sulfonation catalyzed by human liver and intestinal cytosols and human recombinant sulfotransferase enzymes (SULT2A1, SULT2B1b, and SULT2E1) and compared their effects to those of other antiandrogens (cyproterone acetate, spironolactone, and danazol). Each of these chemicals (10 μM) inhibited DHEA sulfonation catalyzed by human liver and intestinal cytosols. Enzyme kinetic analysis showed that galeterone and abiraterone acetate inhibited human liver cytosolic DHEA sulfonation with apparent Ki values at submicromolar concentrations, whereas cyproterone acetate, spironolactone, and danazol inhibited it with apparent Ki values at low micromolar concentrations. The temporal pattern of abiraterone formation and abiraterone acetate depletion suggested that the metabolite abiraterone, not the parent drug abiraterone acetate, was responsible for the inhibition of DHEA sulfonation in incubations containing human liver cytosol and abiraterone acetate. Consistent with this proposal, similar apparent Ki values were obtained, regardless of whether abiraterone or abiraterone acetate was added to the enzymatic incubation. Abiraterone was more effective than abiraterone acetate in inhibiting DHEA sulfonation when catalyzed by human recombinant SULT2A1 or SULT2B1b. In conclusion, galeterone and abiraterone are novel inhibitors of DHEA sulfonation, as determined in enzymatic incubations containing human tissue cytosol (liver or intestinal) or human recombinant SULT enzyme (SULT2A1, SULT2B1b, or SULT1E1). Our findings on galeterone and abiraterone may have implications in drug-drug interactions and biosynthesis of steroid hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Keng Yan Yip
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (C.K.Y.Y., S.B., S.Y.W., A.J.L.) and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (A.J.L.), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sumit Bansal
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (C.K.Y.Y., S.B., S.Y.W., A.J.L.) and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (A.J.L.), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew Ying Wong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (C.K.Y.Y., S.B., S.Y.W., A.J.L.) and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (A.J.L.), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aik Jiang Lau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (C.K.Y.Y., S.B., S.Y.W., A.J.L.) and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (A.J.L.), National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Wong T, Wang Z, Chapron BD, Suzuki M, Claw KG, Gao C, Foti RS, Prasad B, Chapron A, Calamia J, Chaudhry A, Schuetz EG, Horst RL, Mao Q, de Boer IH, Thornton TA, Thummel KE. Polymorphic Human Sulfotransferase 2A1 Mediates the Formation of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 3-3- O-Sulfate, a Major Circulating Vitamin D Metabolite in Humans. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:367-379. [PMID: 29343609 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.078428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) plays a central role in regulating the biologic effects of vitamin D in the body. Although cytochrome P450-dependent hydroxylation of 25OHD3 has been extensively investigated, limited information is available on the conjugation of 25OHD3 In this study, we report that 25OHD3 is selectively conjugated to 25OHD3-3-O-sulfate by human sulfotransferase 2A1 (SULT2A1) and that the liver is a primary site of metabolite formation. At a low (50 nM) concentration of 25OHD3, 25OHD3-3-O-sulfate was the most abundant metabolite, with an intrinsic clearance approximately 8-fold higher than the next most efficient metabolic route. In addition, 25OHD3 sulfonation was not inducible by the potent human pregnane X receptor agonist, rifampicin. The 25OHD3 sulfonation rates in a bank of 258 different human liver cytosols were highly variable but correlated with the rates of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfonation. Further analysis revealed a significant association between a common single nucleotide variant within intron 1 of SULT2A1 (rs296361; minor allele frequency = 15% in whites) and liver cytosolic SULT2A1 content as well as 25OHD3-3-O-sulfate formation rate, suggesting that variation in the SULT2A1 gene contributes importantly to interindividual differences in vitamin D homeostasis. Finally, 25OHD3-3-O-sulfate exhibited high affinity for the vitamin D binding protein and was detectable in human plasma and bile but not in urine samples. Thus, circulating concentrations of 25OHD3-3-O-sulfate appear to be protected from rapid renal elimination, raising the possibility that the sulfate metabolite may serve as a reservoir of 25OHD3 in vivo, and contribute indirectly to the biologic effects of vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Wong
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (T.W., Z.W., B.D.C., M.S., K.G.C., C.G., B.P., Al.C., J.C., Q.M., K.E.T.), Medicine and Kidney Research Institute (I.H.d.B.), and Biostatistics (T.A.T.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California (Z.W.); Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (R.S.F.); St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (Am.C., E.G.S.); and Heartland Assays LLC, Ames, Iowa (R.L.H.)
| | - Zhican Wang
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (T.W., Z.W., B.D.C., M.S., K.G.C., C.G., B.P., Al.C., J.C., Q.M., K.E.T.), Medicine and Kidney Research Institute (I.H.d.B.), and Biostatistics (T.A.T.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California (Z.W.); Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (R.S.F.); St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (Am.C., E.G.S.); and Heartland Assays LLC, Ames, Iowa (R.L.H.)
| | - Brian D Chapron
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (T.W., Z.W., B.D.C., M.S., K.G.C., C.G., B.P., Al.C., J.C., Q.M., K.E.T.), Medicine and Kidney Research Institute (I.H.d.B.), and Biostatistics (T.A.T.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California (Z.W.); Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (R.S.F.); St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (Am.C., E.G.S.); and Heartland Assays LLC, Ames, Iowa (R.L.H.)
| | - Mizuki Suzuki
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (T.W., Z.W., B.D.C., M.S., K.G.C., C.G., B.P., Al.C., J.C., Q.M., K.E.T.), Medicine and Kidney Research Institute (I.H.d.B.), and Biostatistics (T.A.T.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California (Z.W.); Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (R.S.F.); St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (Am.C., E.G.S.); and Heartland Assays LLC, Ames, Iowa (R.L.H.)
| | - Katrina G Claw
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (T.W., Z.W., B.D.C., M.S., K.G.C., C.G., B.P., Al.C., J.C., Q.M., K.E.T.), Medicine and Kidney Research Institute (I.H.d.B.), and Biostatistics (T.A.T.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California (Z.W.); Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (R.S.F.); St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (Am.C., E.G.S.); and Heartland Assays LLC, Ames, Iowa (R.L.H.)
| | - Chunying Gao
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (T.W., Z.W., B.D.C., M.S., K.G.C., C.G., B.P., Al.C., J.C., Q.M., K.E.T.), Medicine and Kidney Research Institute (I.H.d.B.), and Biostatistics (T.A.T.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California (Z.W.); Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (R.S.F.); St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (Am.C., E.G.S.); and Heartland Assays LLC, Ames, Iowa (R.L.H.)
| | - Robert S Foti
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (T.W., Z.W., B.D.C., M.S., K.G.C., C.G., B.P., Al.C., J.C., Q.M., K.E.T.), Medicine and Kidney Research Institute (I.H.d.B.), and Biostatistics (T.A.T.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California (Z.W.); Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (R.S.F.); St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (Am.C., E.G.S.); and Heartland Assays LLC, Ames, Iowa (R.L.H.)
| | - Bhagwat Prasad
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (T.W., Z.W., B.D.C., M.S., K.G.C., C.G., B.P., Al.C., J.C., Q.M., K.E.T.), Medicine and Kidney Research Institute (I.H.d.B.), and Biostatistics (T.A.T.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California (Z.W.); Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (R.S.F.); St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (Am.C., E.G.S.); and Heartland Assays LLC, Ames, Iowa (R.L.H.)
| | - Alenka Chapron
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (T.W., Z.W., B.D.C., M.S., K.G.C., C.G., B.P., Al.C., J.C., Q.M., K.E.T.), Medicine and Kidney Research Institute (I.H.d.B.), and Biostatistics (T.A.T.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California (Z.W.); Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (R.S.F.); St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (Am.C., E.G.S.); and Heartland Assays LLC, Ames, Iowa (R.L.H.)
| | - Justina Calamia
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (T.W., Z.W., B.D.C., M.S., K.G.C., C.G., B.P., Al.C., J.C., Q.M., K.E.T.), Medicine and Kidney Research Institute (I.H.d.B.), and Biostatistics (T.A.T.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California (Z.W.); Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (R.S.F.); St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (Am.C., E.G.S.); and Heartland Assays LLC, Ames, Iowa (R.L.H.)
| | - Amarjit Chaudhry
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (T.W., Z.W., B.D.C., M.S., K.G.C., C.G., B.P., Al.C., J.C., Q.M., K.E.T.), Medicine and Kidney Research Institute (I.H.d.B.), and Biostatistics (T.A.T.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California (Z.W.); Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (R.S.F.); St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (Am.C., E.G.S.); and Heartland Assays LLC, Ames, Iowa (R.L.H.)
| | - Erin G Schuetz
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (T.W., Z.W., B.D.C., M.S., K.G.C., C.G., B.P., Al.C., J.C., Q.M., K.E.T.), Medicine and Kidney Research Institute (I.H.d.B.), and Biostatistics (T.A.T.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California (Z.W.); Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (R.S.F.); St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (Am.C., E.G.S.); and Heartland Assays LLC, Ames, Iowa (R.L.H.)
| | - Ronald L Horst
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (T.W., Z.W., B.D.C., M.S., K.G.C., C.G., B.P., Al.C., J.C., Q.M., K.E.T.), Medicine and Kidney Research Institute (I.H.d.B.), and Biostatistics (T.A.T.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California (Z.W.); Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (R.S.F.); St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (Am.C., E.G.S.); and Heartland Assays LLC, Ames, Iowa (R.L.H.)
| | - Qingcheng Mao
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (T.W., Z.W., B.D.C., M.S., K.G.C., C.G., B.P., Al.C., J.C., Q.M., K.E.T.), Medicine and Kidney Research Institute (I.H.d.B.), and Biostatistics (T.A.T.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California (Z.W.); Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (R.S.F.); St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (Am.C., E.G.S.); and Heartland Assays LLC, Ames, Iowa (R.L.H.)
| | - Ian H de Boer
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (T.W., Z.W., B.D.C., M.S., K.G.C., C.G., B.P., Al.C., J.C., Q.M., K.E.T.), Medicine and Kidney Research Institute (I.H.d.B.), and Biostatistics (T.A.T.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California (Z.W.); Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (R.S.F.); St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (Am.C., E.G.S.); and Heartland Assays LLC, Ames, Iowa (R.L.H.)
| | - Timothy A Thornton
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (T.W., Z.W., B.D.C., M.S., K.G.C., C.G., B.P., Al.C., J.C., Q.M., K.E.T.), Medicine and Kidney Research Institute (I.H.d.B.), and Biostatistics (T.A.T.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California (Z.W.); Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (R.S.F.); St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (Am.C., E.G.S.); and Heartland Assays LLC, Ames, Iowa (R.L.H.)
| | - Kenneth E Thummel
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (T.W., Z.W., B.D.C., M.S., K.G.C., C.G., B.P., Al.C., J.C., Q.M., K.E.T.), Medicine and Kidney Research Institute (I.H.d.B.), and Biostatistics (T.A.T.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California (Z.W.); Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (R.S.F.); St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (Am.C., E.G.S.); and Heartland Assays LLC, Ames, Iowa (R.L.H.)
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Marto N, Morello J, Monteiro EC, Pereira SA. Implications of sulfotransferase activity in interindividual variability in drug response: clinical perspective on current knowledge. Drug Metab Rev 2017; 49:357-371. [PMID: 28554218 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2017.1335749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The interindividual variability in drug response is a major issue in clinical practice and in drug development. Sulfoconjugation is an important Phase II reaction catalyzed by cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs), playing a major role in homeostatic functions, xenobiotic detoxification, and carcinogen bioactivation. SULT display wide interindividual variability, explained only partially by genetic variation, suggesting that other non-genetic, epigenetic, and environmental influences could be major determinants of variability in SULT activity. This review focuses on the factors known to influence SULT variability in expression and activity and the available evidence regarding the impact of SULT variability on drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Marto
- a CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal.,b Department of Internal Medicine , Hospital da Luz , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Judit Morello
- a CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Emilia C Monteiro
- a CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Sofia A Pereira
- a CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
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Tumor-derived factors affecting immune cells. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 36:79-87. [PMID: 28606733 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tumor progression is accompanied by the production of a wide array of immunosuppressive factors by tumor and non-tumor cells forming the tumor microenvironment. These factors belonging to cytokines, growth factors, metabolites, glycan-binding proteins and glycoproteins are responsible for the establishment of immunosuppressive networks leading towards tumor promotion, invasion and metastasis. In pre-clinical tumor models, the inactivation of some of these suppressive networks reprograms the phenotypic and functional features of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, ultimately favoring effective anti-tumor immune responses. We will discuss factors and mechanisms identified in both mouse and human tumors, and the possibility to associate drugs inhibiting these mechanisms with new immunotherapy strategies already entered in the clinical practice.
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24-Hydroxycholesterol participates in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E6219-E6227. [PMID: 27671648 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1613332113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells in the tumor microenvironment may be reprogrammed by tumor-derived metabolites. Cholesterol-oxidized products, namely oxysterols, have been shown to favor tumor growth directly by promoting tumor cell growth and indirectly by dampening antitumor immune responses. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing oxysterol generation within tumor microenvironments remain elusive. We recently showed that tumor-derived oxysterols recruit neutrophils endowed with protumoral activities, such as neoangiogenesis. Here, we show that hypoxia inducible factor-1a (HIF-1α) controls the overexpression of the enzyme Cyp46a1, which generates the oxysterol 24-hydroxycholesterol (24S-HC) in a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET) model commonly used to study neoangiogenesis. The activation of the HIF-1α-24S-HC axis ultimately leads to the induction of the angiogenic switch through the positioning of proangiogenic neutrophils in proximity to Cyp46a1+ islets. Pharmacologic blockade or genetic inactivation of oxysterols controls pNET tumorigenesis by dampening the 24S-HC-neutrophil axis. Finally, we show that in some human pNET samples Cyp46a1 transcripts are overexpressed, which correlate with the HIF-1α target VEGF and with tumor diameter. This study reveals a layer in the angiogenic switch of pNETs and identifies a therapeutic target for pNET patients.
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Coughtrie MWH. Function and organization of the human cytosolic sulfotransferase (SULT) family. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 259:2-7. [PMID: 27174136 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The sulfuryl transfer reaction is of fundamental biological importance. One of the most important manifestations of this process are the reactions catalyzed by members of the cytosolic sulfotransferase (SULT) superfamily. These enzymes transfer the sulfuryl moiety from the universal donor PAPS (3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate) to a wide variety of substrates with hydroxyl- or amino-groups. Normally a detoxification reaction this facilitates the elimination of a multitude of xenobiotics, although for some molecules sulfation is a bioactivation step. In addition, sulfation plays a key role in endocrine and other signalling pathways since many steroids, sterols, thyroid hormones and catecholamines exist primarily as sulfate conjugates in humans. This article summarizes much of our current knowledge of the organization and function of the human cytosolic sulfotransferases and highlights some of the important interspecies differences that have implications for, among other things, drug development and chemical safety analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W H Coughtrie
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Upregulation of hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase 2B1b promotes hepatic oval cell proliferation by modulating oxysterol-induced LXR activation in a mouse model of liver injury. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:271-287. [PMID: 27052460 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1693-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase 2B1b (SULT2B1b) sulfates cholesterol and oxysterols. Hepatic oval cells (HOCs), thought to be progenitor cells, can be triggered in chemically injured livers. The present study focused on the role of SULT2B1b in HOC proliferation after liver injury. Our experiments revealed that the expression of SULT2B1b was increased dramatically in a chemical-induced liver injury model, mainly in HOCs. Upon challenge with a hepatotoxic diet containing 0.1 % 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC), SULT2B1-/- mice presented alleviated liver injury and less HOC proliferation compared with wild-type (WT) mice, and these findings were verified by serum analysis, histopathology, immunofluorescence staining, RNA-seq, and Western blotting. HOCs derived from SULT2B1-/- mice showed lower proliferative capability than those from WT mice. SULT2B1b overexpression promoted growth of the WB-F344 hepatic oval cell line, whereas SULT2B1b knockdown inhibited growth of these cells. The IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway also was promoted by SULT2B1b. Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry indicated that the levels of 22-hydroxycholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol, and 24,25-epoxycholesterol were higher in the DDC-injured livers of SULT2B1-/- mice than in livers of WT mice. The above oxysterols are physiological ligands of liver X receptors (LXRs), and SULT2B1b suppressed oxysterol-induced LXR activation. Additional in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that LXR activation could inhibit HOC proliferation and the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway, and these effects could be reversed by SULT2B1b. Our data indicate that upregulation of SULT2B1b might promote HOC proliferation and aggravate liver injury via the suppression of oxysterol-induced LXR activation in chemically induced mouse liver injury.
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Guillemot-Legris O, Mutemberezi V, Cani PD, Muccioli GG. Obesity is associated with changes in oxysterol metabolism and levels in mice liver, hypothalamus, adipose tissue and plasma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19694. [PMID: 26795945 PMCID: PMC4726335 DOI: 10.1038/srep19694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxysterols are bioactive lipids derived from cholesterol that are linked to inflammatory processes. Because obesity and metabolic syndrome are characterized by inflammation and altered cholesterol metabolism, we sought to investigate the variations of oxysterol levels and their metabolic pathways induced by obesity in the liver, hypothalamus, adipose tissue and plasma. To this end, we used diet-induced and genetic (ob/ob and db/db) models of obesity. Among the oxysterols measured, we found that 4β-oxysterol levels were consistently decreased in the high-fat diet study, at different time-points, and in the ob/ob model. Overall, we did not find any correlation between cytochromes mRNA expression and variations of oxysterol levels. We also measured the levels of hepatic primary bile acids, in these three models and found similar profiles between HFD and ob/ob mice. However, although they are downstream metabolites of oxysterols, the variations in bile acid levels did not reflect the variations of their precursors. Our data show that, when considering oxysterol metabolism, the high-fat diet and ob/ob models are more closely related when compared to the db/db model. However, we were able to discriminate between lean and obese phenotypes based on liver oxysterol (4β-hydroxycholesterol, 27- hydroxycholesterol, 7-hydroxycholestenone) levels and enzyme (CYP3A11, CYP27A1, CYP7A1) expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owein Guillemot-Legris
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium
| | - Valentin Mutemberezi
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, WELBIO- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium
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Overexpression of SULT2B1b is an independent prognostic indicator and promotes cell growth and invasion in colorectal carcinoma. J Transl Med 2015; 95:1005-18. [PMID: 26121319 PMCID: PMC4558402 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of cytosolic sulfotransferase 2B1b (SULT2B1b) has been reported in several human malignancies. However, the expression pattern and clinical significance of SULT2B1b in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) remains unknown. Real-time quantitative PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry analyses were used to determine SULT2B1b expression in CRC clinical samples and CRC-derived cell lines. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between SULT2B1b expression and patient survival in two independent cohorts of 485 patients with CRC. Gain- and loss-of-function approaches were employed to investigate the role of SULT2B1b in regulation of CRC cell growth and invasion. We found that SULT2B1b expression was frequently upregulated in CRC clinical samples and CRC-derived cell lines and was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage in both the training and validation cohorts. Patients with higher intratumoral SULT2B1b expression had a significantly shorter disease-specific survival (DSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) than those with lower expression. Importantly, increased expression of SULT2B1b significantly predicted poor DSS and DFS and was an independent unfavorable prognostic indicator for stage II patients in both cohorts. Functional studies revealed that overexpression of SULT2B1b promoted CRC cell growth and invasion in vitro. Conversely, knockdown of SULT2B1b inhibited these processes. In conclusion, our findings suggest that SULT2B1b expression correlates with disease progression and metastasis and may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for patients with CRC.
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Lee JW, Huang JD, Rodriguez IR. Extra-hepatic metabolism of 7-ketocholesterol occurs by esterification to fatty acids via cPLA2α and SOAT1 followed by selective efflux to HDL. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:605-19. [PMID: 25617738 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of 7-ketocholesterol (7KCh) in tissues has been previously associated with various chronic aging diseases. Orally ingested 7KCh is readily metabolized by the liver and does not pose a toxicity threat. However, 7KCh formed in situ, usually associated with lipoprotein deposits, can adversely affect surrounding tissues by causing inflammation and cytotoxicity. In this study we have investigated various mechanisms for extra-hepatic metabolism of 7KCh (e.g. hydroxylation, sulfation) and found only esterification to fatty acids. The esterification of 7KCh to fatty acids involves the combined action of cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha (cPLA2α) and sterol O-acyltransferase (SOAT1). Inhibition of either one of these enzymes ablates 7KCh-fatty acid ester (7KFAE) formation. The 7KFAEs are not toxic and do not induce inflammatory responses. However, they can be unstable and re-release 7KCh. The higher the degree of unsaturation, the more unstable the 7KFAE (e.g. 18:0>18:1>18:2>18:3≫20:4). Biochemical inhibition and siRNA knockdown of SOAT1 and cPLA2α ablated the 7KFAE synthesis in cultured ARPE19 cells, but had little effect on the 7KCh-induced inflammatory response. Overexpression of SOAT1 reduced the 7KCh-induced inflammatory response and provided some protection from cell death. This effect is likely due to the increased conversion of 7KCh to 7KFAEs, which reduced the intracellular 7KCh levels. Addition of HDL selectively increased the efflux of 7KFAEs and enhanced the effect of SOAT1 overexpression. Our data suggests an additional function for HDL in aiding extra-hepatic tissues to eliminate 7KCh by returning 7KFAEs to the liver for bile acid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Wha Lee
- Mechanisms of Retinal Diseases Section, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Jiahn-Dar Huang
- Mechanisms of Retinal Diseases Section, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ignacio R Rodriguez
- Mechanisms of Retinal Diseases Section, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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