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Han Won D, Park H, Seo JW, Woo Jang S, Ha ES, Kim MS. Active coating of immediate-release evogliptin tartrate to prepare fixed dose combination tablet with sustained-release metformin HCl. Int J Pharm 2022; 623:121927. [PMID: 35716979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to develop a fixed dose combination (FDC) tablet containing a low dose of evogliptin tartrate (6.87 mg) for immediate release combined with a high dose (1000 mg) of sustained-release (SR) metformin HCl appropriate for once daily dosing the treatment of type 2 diabetes. To prepare the FDC tablets, an active coating was used in this study, whereby evogliptin tartrate film was layered on a matrix core tablet containing metformin HCl. To overcome the problem caused by a low-dose drug in combination with a relatively large matrix tablet containing high-dose drug, it was also aimed to confirm the formulation and coating operation for satisfactory content uniformity, and to describe the chemical stability during storage of the amorphous active coating layer formulation in relation to molecular mobility. Furthermore, the in vitro release and in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles of metformin HCl and evogliptin tartrate in the FDC active coating tablet were compared to those of the commercially marketed reference drugs, Diabex XR® (Daewoong, Seoul, Korea) containing metformin HCl and Suganon® (Donga ST, Seoul, Korea) containing evogliptin tartrate. In conclusion, the newly developed FDC active coating tablet in this study was confirmed to be bioequivalent to the reference marketed products in beagle dogs, with satisfactory content uniformity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Han Won
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 63 Busandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Dong-A ST Co. Ltd., Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi 446-905, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, 33, Samyangro 144-gil, Dobong-gu, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woong Seo
- Dong-A ST Co. Ltd., Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi 446-905, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Woo Jang
- Dong-A ST Co. Ltd., Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi 446-905, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Sol Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 63 Busandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 63 Busandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Jin X, Wei C, Wu C, Zhang W. Gastroretentive core–shell hydrogel assembly for sustained release of metformin hydrochloride. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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3
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Vrettos NN, Roberts CJ, Zhu Z. Gastroretentive Technologies in Tandem with Controlled-Release Strategies: A Potent Answer to Oral Drug Bioavailability and Patient Compliance Implications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101591. [PMID: 34683884 PMCID: PMC8539558 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been many efforts to improve oral drug bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance. A variety of controlled-release oral delivery systems have been developed to meet these needs. Gastroretentive drug delivery technologies have the potential to achieve retention of the dosage form in the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) that can be sufficient to ensure complete solubilisation of the drugs in the stomach fluids, followed by subsequent absorption in the stomach or proximal small intestine. This can be beneficial for drugs that have an “absorption window” or are absorbed to a different extent in various segments of the GIT. Therefore, gastroretentive technologies in tandem with controlled-release strategies could enhance both the therapeutic efficacy of many drugs and improve patient compliance through a reduction in dosing frequency. The paper reviews different gastroretentive drug delivery technologies and controlled-release strategies that can be combined and summarises examples of formulations currently in clinical development and commercially available gastroretentive controlled-release products. The different parameters that need to be considered and monitored during formulation development for these pharmaceutical applications are highlighted.
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Won DH, Park H, Ha ES, Kim HH, Jang SW, Kim MS. Optimization of bilayer tablet manufacturing process for fixed dose combination of sustained release high-dose drug and immediate release low-dose drug based on quality by design (QbD). Int J Pharm 2021; 605:120838. [PMID: 34197909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A fixed dose combination (FDC) bilayer tablet, consisting of high-dose metformin HCl in a sustained release layer and low-dose evogliptin tartrate in an immediate release layer, was developed based on a quality by design (QbD) approach. To implement QbD approach, the bilayer tableting process parameters judged as high risk through risk analysis were optimized by a central composite face-centered design as a design of experiment (DOE) methodology. Using DOE, the optimized conditions of the tableting process for drug products that satisfy the established quality target product profiles were obtained. The content uniformity of low-dose evogliptin tartrate in the optimized bilayer tablet prepared on a large scale was confirmed by at-line transmittance Raman spectroscopy as a process analytical technology. In addition, the in vitro drug release and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies showed that metformin HCl and evogliptin tartrate in the bilayer tablet is bioequivalent to those of the respective reference drugs. Furthermore, the physicochemical stability of the optimized bilayer tablet during storage under long-term and accelerated conditions was also confirmed. Therefore, it can be concluded that the QbD approach is an effective way to develop a new FDC bilayer tablet that is easy to scale up for successful commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Han Won
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 63 Busandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Dong-A ST Co. Ltd., Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi 446-905, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, 33, Samyangro 144-gil, Dobong-gu, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Sol Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 63 Busandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Ho Kim
- Dong-A ST Co. Ltd., Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi 446-905, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Woo Jang
- Dong-A ST Co. Ltd., Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi 446-905, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 63 Busandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Predicting pharmacokinetic parameters by convolution: An in vitro approach for investigating bifunctional capsulated dosage form. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Choiri S, Sulaiman TNS, Rohman A. Assessment of the effect of polymers combination and effervescent component on the drug release of swellable gastro-floating tablet formulation through compartmental modeling-based approach. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:146-158. [PMID: 31894720 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1711387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to assess the effect of polymer blend and effervescent components on the floating and swelling behaviors of swellable gastro-floating formulation as well as the drug release through a compartmental modeling analysis. Swellable gastro-floating formulation of freely water-soluble drug, metformin HCl as a drug model, was formulated and developed using D-optimal design. Polymer combination between interpolymer complex (IPC) (poly-vinyl acetate-copolymer methacrylate) and hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), and effervescent components were studied and optimized in this work. Several factors affecting the drug release behavior were determined e.g. swelling behavior, erosion behavior, and floating behavior were studied as well as the drug release through compartmental modeling analysis. The results revealed that the hydrophilic polymer was responsible for gas entrapment formed from effervescent reaction, meanwhile IPC contributed on maintaining the swollen matrix integrity through intermolecular polymer interaction. In addition, effervescent components played fundamental role in the formation of porous system as well as inducing burst release effect. Compartmental modeling provided different outlook about the drug release. Presence of IPC at a high proportion (10-15%) of the polymer blend modulated the changes of pattern of the drug release kinetics and mechanism. Finally, compartmental modeling-based approach was more adequate to describe the drug release kinetics and mechanism compared to the monophasic equation model correlating with process understanding of the drug release from swellable gastro-floating formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syaiful Choiri
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Abdul Rohman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Porwal A, Dwivedi H, Pathak K. Gastroretentive bilayer film for sustained release of atorvastatin calcium and immediate release of amlodipine besylate: pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic evaluation, and IVIVC. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 25:416-431. [PMID: 31852330 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1705486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to optimize capsulated unfolding type gastroretentive bilayer film constituting immediate release (IR) layer of amlodipine besylate and sustained release (SR) layer of atorvastatin calcium. A three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken-design was used to optimize bilayer film with dual-release characteristics. The selected independent variables were HPMC-K3, Eudragit RSPO, and Carbopol 934P and the responses were floating duration, swelling index, and in vitro release from SR layer in 8 h. The films were also assessed for pharmacotechnical characteristics, release kinetics, DSC, FTIR, and SEM. The pharmacokinetics of the drugs from the optimized formulation was compared with the marketed formulation in rabbits. The capsulated accordion film unfolded and provided SR of atorvastatin for 8 h (96.76% ± 0.71) and IR of amlodipine within 25 min (98.07% ± 0.62) for the optimized formulation (F14). The swelling index and floating duration for the optimized formulation were 140.48 ± 0.57 and 8.53 ± 0.10 h, respectively. Results of pharmacokinetics showed that faster absorption of amlodipine and improved bioavailability (2.16-fold) of atorvastatin in blood was made available through bilayer film. In vitro-in vivo correlation was established using numerical deconvolution method. It can be concluded that the capsulated gastroretentive system provided site specific simultaneous SR of antihyperlidemic drug and IR of antihypertensive drug as single pill that has therapeutic potential to manage cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Porwal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmacy College Saifai, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, India.,School of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, India
| | - Harinath Dwivedi
- School of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, India
| | - Kamla Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmacy College Saifai, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, India
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Hens B, Corsetti M, Bermejo M, Löbenberg R, González PM, Mitra A, Desai D, Chilukuri DM, Aceituno A. "Development of Fixed Dose Combination Products" Workshop Report: Considerations of Gastrointestinal Physiology and Overall Development Strategy. AAPS JOURNAL 2019; 21:75. [PMID: 31172358 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-019-0346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is one of the most popular and used routes of drug product administration due to the convenience for better patient compliance and reduced costs to the patient compared to other routes. However, its complex nature poses a great challenge for formulation scientists when developing more complex dosage forms such as those combining two or more drugs. Fixed dose combination (FDC) products are two or more single active ingredients combined in a single dosage form. This formulation strategy represents a novel formulation which is as safe and effective compared to every mono-product separately. A complex drug product, to be dosed through a complex route, requires judicious considerations for formulation development. Additionally, it represents a challenge from a regulatory perspective at the time of demonstrating bioequivalence (BE) for generic versions of such drug products. This report gives the reader a summary of a 2-day short course that took place on the third and fourth of November at the Annual Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) meeting in 2018 at Washington, D.C. This manuscript will offer a comprehensive view of the most influential aspects of the GI physiology on the absorption of drugs and current techniques to help understand the fate of orally ingested drug products in the complex environment represented by the GI tract. Through case studies on FDC product development and regulatory issues, this manuscript will provide a great opportunity for readers to explore avenues for successfully developing FDC products and their generic versions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Hens
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Gasthuisberg, Box 921, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Maura Corsetti
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Department Engineering Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550, Alicante, Spain
| | - Raimar Löbenberg
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Pablo M González
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av Vicuña Mackenna, 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - Amitava Mitra
- Clinical Development, Sandoz, Inc. (A Novartis Division), Princeton, New Jersey, 08540, USA
| | - Divyakant Desai
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, USA
| | - Dakshina Murthy Chilukuri
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, CDER, FDASilver Spring, US Food & Drug Administration (US FDA), Prince Georges Counties, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexis Aceituno
- Subdepto. Biofarmacia y Equivalencia Terapéutica, Agencia Nacional de Medicamentos (ANAMED), Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile y Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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van Stee MF, de Graaf AA, Groen AK. Actions of metformin and statins on lipid and glucose metabolism and possible benefit of combination therapy. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:94. [PMID: 29960584 PMCID: PMC6026339 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes type 2 have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and commonly use combination therapy consisting of the anti-diabetic drug metformin and a cholesterol-lowering statin. However, both drugs act on glucose and lipid metabolism which could lead to adverse effects when used in combination as compared to monotherapy. In this review, the proposed molecular mechanisms of action of statin and metformin therapy in patients with diabetes and dyslipidemia are critically assessed, and a hypothesis for mechanisms underlying interactions between these drugs in combination therapy is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariël F. van Stee
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert A. de Graaf
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Albert K. Groen
- Amsterdam Diabetes Center and Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Choi YK, Park SE, Kim EY, Park HJ, Kim EJ, Song GS, Ghim JL. Pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin and sustained-release metformin fixed-dose combination tablets: two randomized, open-label, 2-way crossover studies in healthy male subjects under fed conditions. Transl Clin Pharmacol 2017; 25:190-195. [PMID: 32095474 PMCID: PMC7033403 DOI: 10.12793/tcp.2017.25.4.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Two separate studies were conducted to establish bioequivalence (BE) for two doses of atorvastatin/metformin sustained-release (SR) fixed dose combination (FDC) versus the same dosage of the individual component (IC) tablets in healthy male subjects under fed conditions (study 1, BE of atorvastatin/metformin SR 20/500 mg FDC; study 2, BE of atorvastatin/metformin SR 20/750 mg FDC). Each study was a randomized, open-label, single oral dose, two-way crossover design. Serial blood samples were collected pre-dose and up to 36 hours post-dose for atorvastatin and 24 hours for metformin. Plasma concentrations of atorvastatin, 2-OH atorvastatin and metformin were analyzed using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry. A non-compartmental analysis was used to calculate pharmacokinetic (PK) variables and analysis of variance was performed on the lognormal-transformed PK variables. A total of 75 subjects completed the study 1 (36 subjects) and study 2 (39 subjects). The 90% confidence intervals for the adjusted geometric mean ratio of Cmax and the AUC0-t were within the predefined 0.80 to 1.25 range. The number of subjects reporting at least one adverse event following FDC treatments was comparable to that following IC treatments. The two treatments were well tolerated. Therefore, atorvastatin/metformin SR 20/500 mg and 20/750 mg FDC tablets are expected to be used as alternatives to IC tablets to decrease the pill burden and increase patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kyung Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Park
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Ju Park
- CJ HealthCare Co., Ltd., Seoul 04560, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Kim
- CJ HealthCare Co., Ltd., Seoul 04560, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jong-Lyul Ghim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
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Formulation development and evaluation of a novel bi-dependent clarithromycin gastroretentive drug delivery system using Box-Behnken design. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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