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Sameer Khan M, Gupta G, Alsayari A, Wahab S, Sahebkar A, Kesharwani P. Advancements in liposomal formulations: A comprehensive exploration of industrial production techniques. Int J Pharm 2024; 658:124212. [PMID: 38723730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Liposomes are nanosized, spherical vesicles consisting of an aqueous core encircled by one or more phospholipid bilayer shells. Liposomes have found extensive use in numerous biomedicine and nanomedicine applications due to their excellent biocompatibility, adaptable chemical composition, ease of preparation, and diverse structural characteristics. These applications include nanocarriers for drug delivery, immunoassays, nutraceuticals, tissue engineering, clinical diagnostics, and theranostics formulations. These applications stimulated significant efforts toward scaling up formation processes in anticipation of appropriate industrial advancement. Despite the advancements in conventional methods and the emergence of new approaches for liposome production, their inherent susceptibility to chemical and mechanical influences contributes to critical challenges, including limited colloidal stability and decreased efficiency in encapsulating cargo molecules. With this context, the current review provides brief insights into liposomes conventional and novel industrial production techniques. With a special focus on the structural parameters, and pivotal elements influencing the synthesis of an appropriate and stable formulation, followed by the various regulatory aspects of industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sameer Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Garima Gupta
- Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248002, India
| | - Abdulrhman Alsayari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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2
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Koehler JK, Schmager S, Bender V, Steiner D, Massing U. Preparation of Nanosized Pharmaceutical Formulations by Dual Centrifugation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1519. [PMID: 38004385 PMCID: PMC10675754 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual centrifugation (DC) is an innovative in-vial homogenization and in-vial nanomilling technique that has been in use for the preparation of liposomes for more than one decade. Since then, DC has continuously been developed for preparing various liposomes and other lipid nanoparticles including emulsions and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as well as polymersomes and nanocrystals. Improvements in equipment technology have been achieved over the past decade, so that DC is now on its way to becoming the quasi-standard for the simple, fast, and aseptic production of lipid nanoparticles and nanocrystals in small and medium batch sizes, including the possibility of simple and fast formulation screening or bedside preparations of therapeutic nanoparticles. More than 68 publications in which DC was used to produce nanoparticles have appeared since then, justifying an initial review of the use of DC for pharmaceutical nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas K. Koehler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (J.K.K.); (S.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Stefanie Schmager
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (J.K.K.); (S.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Valentin Bender
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (J.K.K.); (S.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Denise Steiner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ulrich Massing
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (J.K.K.); (S.S.); (V.B.)
- Andreas Hettich GmbH & Co. KG, 78532 Tuttlingen, Germany
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3
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Chaves MA, Ferreira LS, Baldino L, Pinho SC, Reverchon E. Current Applications of Liposomes for the Delivery of Vitamins: A Systematic Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091557. [PMID: 37177102 PMCID: PMC10180326 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes have been used for several decades for the encapsulation of drugs and bioactives in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. On the other hand, the use of these phospholipid vesicles in food applications is more recent and is increasing significantly in the last ten years. Although in different stages of technological maturity-in the case of cosmetics, many products are on the market-processes to obtain liposomes suitable for the encapsulation and delivery of bioactives are highly expensive, especially those aiming at scaling up. Among the bioactives proposed for cosmetics and food applications, vitamins are the most frequently used. Despite the differences between the administration routes (oral for food and mainly dermal for cosmetics), some challenges are very similar (e.g., stability, bioactive load, average size, increase in drug bioaccessibility and bioavailability). In the present work, a systematic review of the technological advancements in the nanoencapsulation of vitamins using liposomes and related processes was performed; challenges and future perspectives were also discussed in order to underline the advantages of these drug-loaded biocompatible nanocarriers for cosmetics and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus A Chaves
- Laboratory of Encapsulation and Functional Foods (LEnAlis), Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635900, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphophysiology and Development (LMMD), Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635900, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia S Ferreira
- Laboratory of Encapsulation and Functional Foods (LEnAlis), Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635900, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucia Baldino
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Samantha C Pinho
- Laboratory of Encapsulation and Functional Foods (LEnAlis), Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635900, SP, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Reverchon
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
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Roska TP, Mudjahid M, Marzaman ANF, Datu NNP, Permana AD. Development of chloramphenicol wound dressing protein-based microparticles in chitosan hydrogel system for improved effectiveness of dermal wound therapy. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 143:213175. [PMID: 36368057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Skin wounds have been reported to increase the number of microbial colonies susceptible to infection. Treatments using oral antibiotics have been limited due to their toxicity and hydrophobic characteristics. In this study, we developed a formulation of chloramphenicol microparticles (CPL MPs), which was modified into chitosan hydrogel to increase treatment efficiency in targeting infections and creating an optimal environment to support the healing process. CPL MPs were prepared by a cross-linker stabilized method using whey protein (WPI) biopolymer, and the CPL MPs hydrogel was designed using chitosan biopolymer. Based on the result, CPL-loaded MPs showed desired physical and encapsulation characteristics. In the in vitro study, drug release of CPL MPs in simulated wound fluid represented approximately 99.40 ± 7.01 % of the system after 24 h. The antibacterial activity of CPL-loaded MPs formulation (MIC value 12.5 μg/mL, MBC 25 μg/mL) was effective as MIC concentration increased. Furthermore, the formulation of CPL MPs into hydrogel showed a better dermatokinetic profile compared to hydrogel with pure CPL. Interestingly, the antibacterial activity of the ex vivo infection model showed that Staphylococcus aureus activity decreased by up to 99.98 % after 24 h administration of CPL MPs hydrogel when compared to pure-CPL hydrogel and blank hydrogel. These studies have confirmed that incorporating CPL MPs into hydrogel can provide a promising approach to skin infection treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri Puspita Roska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Mukarram Mudjahid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Andi Dian Permana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia.
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Holsæter AM, Wizgird K, Karlsen I, Hemmingsen JF, Brandl M, Škalko-Basnet N. How docetaxel entrapment, vesicle size, zeta potential and stability change with liposome composition-A formulation screening study. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 177:106267. [PMID: 35872073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Limitations of the anticancer drug product Taxotere® have encouraged researchers to entrap the active ingredient docetaxel (DTX) into nanocarriers such as liposomes. However, until now no DTX-liposome formulation has reached the clinic. Hence, in the present study, different Soy-PC based DTX-liposome formulations were screened in an attempt to identify lipid-compositions with promising DTX-entrapment (DTX-EE). Various other quality attributes, such as vesicle size and morphology, poly dispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), stability and in vitro drug release were also investigated. In an initial study, the inclusion of charged lipids within the liposome bilayer was observed to have a positive effect on DTX-EE. Thus, cationic DOTAP (1,2-Dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane) and anionic DMPG (1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) lipids were selected for further investigations. With anionic DMPG, only a temporary rise in EE was gained with ≥ 20% (w/w) DMPG in Soy-PC lipid-based liposomes, whereas a concentration-dependent increase in EE was observed with cationic DOTAP. A DTX-EE > 95% was obtained with only 5% (w/w) DOTAP in Soy-PC, while neutral liposomes formed from Soy-PC alone, gave 41.5% DTX-EE. In the stability study, a DOTAP concentration > 10% (w/w) in Soy-PC was found to facilitate a stable DTX-EE > 90% after 12 weeks storage. The positive effect of cationic lipids on the EE was confirmed when replacing cholesterol (CHOL), initially shown to suppress DTX-entrapment, with cationic 3ß-[N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethane)-carbamoyl]Cholesterol (DC-CHOL). Here, DTX-EE was improved from 29.8% to 92.0% (w/w) with 10% (w/w) CHOL and DC-CHOL in Soy-PC, respectively. Finally, PEGylation of DOTAP-liposomes with DSPE-PEG2000 and DSPE-PEG750 reduced the DTX-EE relative to DOTAP-liposome with no PEGylation. As with the DMPG-liposomes, a temporarily raised affinity between DTX and liposomes was obtained with anionic DSPE-PEGylation of Soy-PC liposomes, however, this effect was not maintained after 4 weeks storage. However, in a dialysis set-up, cationic DOTAP-liposomes released DTX to a higher extent than PEGylated liposomes. Thus, the optimal formulation with regard to storage stability and in vivo performance need to be investigated further, applying conditions that are closer to mimic the in vivo-situation. Applying the Dual Asymmetric Centrifugation (DAC) method in liposome production appears favourable due to its good reproducibility. The observed increase in DTX entrapment with cationic lipids or PEGylation appears scalable into pilot manufacturing scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Mari Holsæter
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway.
| | - Kristina Wizgird
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Albert Ludwig University Freiburg, Freiburg 79085, Germany
| | - Iselin Karlsen
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
| | - Jeanette Frimand Hemmingsen
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway; Drug Transport and Delivery, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Martin Brandl
- Drug Transport and Delivery, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Nataša Škalko-Basnet
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
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Joy R, George J, John F. Brief Outlook on Polymeric Nanoparticles, Micelles, Niosomes, Hydrogels and Liposomes: Preparative Methods and Action. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Joy
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory Sacred Heart college (Autonomous), Thevara Kochi Kerala 682013 India
| | - Jinu George
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory Sacred Heart college (Autonomous), Thevara Kochi Kerala 682013 India
| | - Franklin John
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory Sacred Heart college (Autonomous), Thevara Kochi Kerala 682013 India
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Koehler JK, Schnur J, Heerklotz H, Massing U. Screening for Optimal Liposome Preparation Conditions by Using Dual Centrifugation and Time-Resolved Fluorescence Measurements. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122046. [PMID: 34959327 PMCID: PMC8703806 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual centrifugation (DC) is a novel in-vial homogenization technique for the preparation of liposomes in small batch sizes under gentle and sterile conditions which allows encapsulation efficiencies (EE) for water soluble compounds of >50%. Since liposome size, size distribution (PDI), and EE depend on the lipid concentration used in the DC process, a screening method to find optimal lipid concentrations for a defined lipid composition was developed. Four lipid mixtures consisting of cholesterol, hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated egg PC, and/or PEG-DSPE were screened and suitable concentration ranges could be identified for optimal DC homogenization. In addition to the very fast and parallel liposome preparation of up to 40 samples, the screening process was further accelerated by the finding that DC generates homogeneously mixed liposomes from a macroscopic lipid mixture without the need to initially prepare a molecularly mixed lipid film from an organic solution of all components. This much simpler procedure even works for cholesterol containing lipid blends, which could be explained by a nano-milling of the cholesterol crystals during DC homogenization. Furthermore, EE determination was performed by time-resolved fluorescence measurements of calcein-loaded liposomes without removing the non-entrapped calcein. The new strategy allows the rapid characterization of a certain lipid composition for the preparation of liposomes within a working day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas K. Koehler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (J.S.); (H.H.)
- Correspondence: (J.K.K.); (U.M.)
| | - Johannes Schnur
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (J.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Heiko Heerklotz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (J.S.); (H.H.)
- Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Ulrich Massing
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (J.S.); (H.H.)
- Andreas Hettich GmbH & Co. KG, 78523 Tuttlingen, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.K.K.); (U.M.)
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Laidmäe I, Meos A, Kjærvik IA, Ingebrigtsen SG, Škalko-Basnet N, Kirsimäe K, Romann T, Joost U, Kisand V, Kogermann K. Electrospun Amphiphilic Nanofibers as Templates for In Situ Preparation of Chloramphenicol-Loaded Liposomes. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1742. [PMID: 34834157 PMCID: PMC8624320 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydration of phospholipids, electrospun into polymeric nanofibers and used as templates for liposome formation, offers pharmaceutical advantages as it avoids the storage of liposomes as aqueous dispersions. The objective of the present study was to electrospin and characterize amphiphilic nanofibers as templates for the preparation of antibiotic-loaded liposomes and compare this method with the conventional film-hydration method followed by extrusion. The comparison was based on particle size, encapsulation efficiency and drug-release behavior. Chloramphenicol (CAM) was used at different concentrations as a model antibacterial drug. Phosphatidylcoline (PC) with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), using ethanol as a solvent, was found to be successful in fabricating the amphiphilic composite drug-loaded nanofibers as well as liposomes with both methods. The characterization of the nanofiber templates revealed that fiber diameter did not affect the liposome size. According to the optical microscopy results, the immediate hydration of phospholipids deposited on the amphiphilic nanofibers occurred within a few seconds, resulting in the formation of liposomes in water dispersions. The liposomes appeared to aggregate more readily in the concentrated than in the diluted solutions. The drug encapsulation efficiency for the fiber-hydrated liposomes varied between 14.9 and 28.1% and, for film-hydrated liposomes, between 22.0 and 77.1%, depending on the CAM concentrations and additional extrusion steps. The nanofiber hydration method was faster, as less steps were required for the in-situ liposome preparation than in the film-hydration method. The liposomes obtained using nanofiber hydration were smaller and more homogeneous than the conventional liposomes, but less drug was encapsulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Laidmäe
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (I.L.); (A.M.)
- Department of Immunology, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andres Meos
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (I.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Irja Alainezhad Kjærvik
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (I.A.K.); (S.G.I.); (N.Š.-B.)
| | - Sveinung G. Ingebrigtsen
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (I.A.K.); (S.G.I.); (N.Š.-B.)
| | - Nataša Škalko-Basnet
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (I.A.K.); (S.G.I.); (N.Š.-B.)
| | - Kalle Kirsimäe
- Department of Geology, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia;
| | - Tavo Romann
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia;
| | - Urmas Joost
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Ravila 14C, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (U.J.); (V.K.)
| | - Vambola Kisand
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Ravila 14C, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (U.J.); (V.K.)
| | - Karin Kogermann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (I.L.); (A.M.)
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Kure T, Sakai H. Preparation of Artificial Red Blood Cells (Hemoglobin Vesicles) Using the Rotation-Revolution Mixer for High Encapsulation Efficiency. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2835-2844. [PMID: 34029046 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin vesicles (Hb-V) are artificial red blood cells encapsulating highly concentrated hemoglobin (Hb) in liposomes comprising phospholipids, cholesterol, negatively charged lipids, and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-conjugated phospholipids. Safety and efficacy of Hb-V as a transfusion alternative have been extensively studied. For this study, we prepared Hb-V using the kneading method with a rotation-revolution mixer as an alternative to the conventional extrusion method. We optimized the kneading operation parameters to obtain Hb-V with a high yield. Results show that the Hb encapsulation efficiency was increased dramatically up to 74.2%, which is higher than that of the extrusion method (20%) because the kneading method enabled mixing of a highly concentrated carbonylhemoglobin (HbCO) solution (40 g/dL) and a considerably large amount of powdered lipids in only 10 min. The high viscosity of the Hb-lipid mixture paste (ca. 103-105 cP) favorably induces frictional heat by kneading and increases the paste temperature (ca. 60 °C), which facilitates lipid dispersion and liposome formation. During the kneading operation using a thermostable HbCO solution, Hb denaturation was prevented. Hb-V prepared using this method showed no marked changes in particle sizes, Hb denaturation, or Hb leakage from liposomes during two years of long-term storage-stability tests. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the kneading method using a rotation-revolution mixer shows good potential as a new method to produce Hb-V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Kure
- Department of Chemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
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Kuznetsova DA, Gabdrakhmanov DR, Gaynanova GA, Vasileva LA, Kuznetsov DM, Lukashenko SS, Voloshina AD, Sapunova AS, Nizameev IR, Sibgatullina GV, Samigullin DV, Kadirov MK, Petrov KA, Zakharova LY. Novel biocompatible liposomal formulations for encapsulation of hydrophilic drugs – Chloramphenicol and cisplatin. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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Chung EP, Wells AR, Kiamco MM, Leung KP. Dual Asymmetric Centrifugation Efficiently Produces a Poloxamer-Based Nanoemulsion Gel for Topical Delivery of Pirfenidone. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:265. [PMID: 33006045 PMCID: PMC7529632 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01798-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study used dual asymmetric centrifugation (DAC) to produce a topical vehicle for Pirfenidone (Pf; 5-methyl-1-phenyl-2[1H]-pyridone)—a Food and Drug Administration-approved antifibrotic drug indicated for idiopathic fibrosis treatment. Pf was loaded (8 wt%) in a poloxamer nanoemulsion gel (PNG) formulation consisting of water (47.8 wt%), triacetin (27.6 wt%), poloxamer 407 (P407, 13.8 wt%), polysorbate 80 (1.8 wt%), and benzyl alcohol (0.9 wt%). To our knowledge, poloxamer gels are typically processed with either high-shear methods or temperature regulation and have not been emulsified using DAC. Using a single-step emulsification process, 2 min mixed at 2500 RPM resulted in the lowest Pf loading variability with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.96% for a 1.5 g batch size. Batch sizes of 15 g and 100 g yield higher RSD of 4.18% and 3.05%, respectively, but still in compliance with USP guidelines. Ex vivo permeation in full thickness porcine skin after 24 h showed total Pf permeation of 404.90 ± 67.07 μg/cm2. Tested in vitro on human dermal fibroblasts stimulated with transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), Pf-PNG resulted in a > 2 fold decrease in α-SMA expression over vehicle control demonstrating that formulated Pf retained its biological activity. One-month stability testing at 25°C/60% relative humidity (RH) and 40°C/75% RH showed that % drug content, release kinetics, and biological activity were largely unchanged for both conditions; however, pH decreased from 6.7 to 5.5 (25°C/60% RH) and 4.5 (40°C/75% RH) after 1 month. Overall, these data demonstrate the utility of DAC to rapidly and reproducibly prepare lab-scale batches of emulsified gels for pharmaceutical formulation development.
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12
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A review of the clinical indications, general principles and techniques related to compounding. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 83:179-183. [PMID: 31669439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Extemporaneous compounding is a means to tailor a medication to an individual patient's needs and may be required when no commercial product exists to meet that need. Compounded products range from buffered lidocaine to topical creams and ointments. This article outlines the clinical indications and general principles related to the manufacture of topical and common formulations.
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13
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Has C, Sunthar P. A comprehensive review on recent preparation techniques of liposomes. J Liposome Res 2019; 30:336-365. [DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2019.1668010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Has
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - P. Sunthar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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14
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Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Pharmacological blockade of FKBP51 can reduce established persistent pain states across sexes. It is well established that FKBP51 regulates the stress system by modulating the sensitivity of the glucocorticoid receptor to stress hormones. Recently, we have demonstrated that FKBP51 also drives long-term inflammatory pain states in male mice by modulating glucocorticoid signalling at spinal cord level. Here, we explored the potential of FKBP51 as a new pharmacological target for the treatment of persistent pain across the sexes. First, we demonstrated that FKBP51 regulates long-term pain states of different aetiologies independently of sex. Deletion of FKBP51 reduced the mechanical hypersensitivity seen in joint inflammatory and neuropathic pain states in female and male mice. Furthermore, FKBP51 deletion also reduced the hypersensitivity seen in a translational model of chemotherapy-induced pain. Interestingly, these 3 pain states were associated with changes in glucocorticoid signalling, as indicated by the increased expression, at spinal cord level, of the glucocorticoid receptor isoform associated with glucocorticoid resistance, GRβ, and increased levels of plasma corticosterone. These pain states were also accompanied by an upregulation of interleukin-6 in the spinal cord. Crucially, we were able to pharmacologically reduce the severity of the mechanical hypersensitivity seen in these 3 models of persistent pain with the unique FKBP51 ligand SAFit2. When SAFit2 was combined with a state-of-the-art vesicular phospholipid gel formulation for slow release, a single injection of SAFit2 offered pain relief for at least 7 days. We therefore propose the pharmacological blockade of FKBP51 as a new approach for the treatment of persistent pain across sexes, likely in humans as well as rodents.
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Grip J, Engstad RE, Skjæveland I, Škalko-Basnet N, Holsæter AM. Sprayable Carbopol hydrogel with soluble beta-1,3/1,6-glucan as an active ingredient for wound healing – Development and in-vivo evaluation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Ingebrigtsen SG, Didriksen A, Johannessen M, Škalko-Basnet N, Holsæter AM. Old drug, new wrapping − A possible comeback for chloramphenicol? Int J Pharm 2017; 526:538-546. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Dias-Souza MV, Soares DL, dos Santos VL. Comparative study of free and liposome-entrapped chloramphenicol against biofilms of potentially pathogenic bacteria isolated from cooling towers. Saudi Pharm J 2017; 25:999-1004. [PMID: 29158706 PMCID: PMC5681316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate for the first time the in vitro antibiofilm effectiveness of two chloramphenicol liposome formulations against biofilms of potentially pathogenic bacteria associated to corrosion isolated from the water of cooling towers from a Brazilian industry. Antibiofilm assays with liposomes were performed in 96-wells microtiter plates, and data was compared to free chloramphenicol treatment. Chloramphenicol-loaded liposomes were successfully produced using the dehydration-rehydration method, with vesicle diameters of 131 nm (100 nm membrane extrusion) and 182 nm (200 nm membrane extrusion) assessed by dynamic light scattering. The liposomes obtained by 100 nm membrane extrusion were more effective than 200 nm membrane extrusion vesicles against the biofilms after overnight exposure, and the free drug had no antibiofilm effect. Our study open doors for more investigations on liposome entrapment of antimicrobial compounds such as biocides of industrial use, for controlling biofilm formation in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Vinícius Dias-Souza
- Microbiology Department, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
- Corresponding author at: Microbiology Department, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil.Microbiology DepartmentBiological Sciences InstituteUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisAv. Antônio Carlos6627 - PampulhaBelo HorizonteMG31270-901Brazil
| | - Daniel Lucas Soares
- Microbiology Department, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | - Vera Lúcia dos Santos
- Microbiology Department, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
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Ingebrigtsen SG, Škalko-Basnet N, de Albuquerque Cavalcanti Jacobsen C, Holsæter AM. Successful co-encapsulation of benzoyl peroxide and chloramphenicol in liposomes by a novel manufacturing method - dual asymmetric centrifugation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 97:192-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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