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Hanna V, Abd El-Ghany MN, Ibrahim MIM, Abdel-Rahman TM, Tallima H. Novel Approaches to Mortierella alpina Identification and Arachidonic Acid Production Optimization. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:34456-34463. [PMID: 39157088 PMCID: PMC11325418 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (ARA) is an integral constituent of cell structures and is instrumental for the nervous, muscular, and immune systems' functions. The sore need for this nutrient may be fulfilled via production based on the fungus Mortierella alpina. The identity of the M. alpina culture obtained from Assiut University, Egypt, was confirmed based on internal transcribed spacer DNA barcoding and elongation enzyme RNA sequencing. Liquid media glucose and peptone as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, and diverse micronutritional factors were adjusted for optimal biomass and ARA production. Shake flask cultivation at 25 °C for 7 days produced around 0.570 g of ARA per liter of culture. M. alpina treatment using mutagen 5-fluorouracil and octyl gallate-supplemented glucose-yeast-agar screening plates and shake-flask incubation at 25 °C, then at 20 °C, followed by aging at 10 °C, led to >3 g ARA/liter culture, a yield considered suitable for potential commercial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violette
S. Hanna
- Biotechnology
Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed I. M. Ibrahim
- Food
Toxicology and Contaminant Department, National
Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Tahany M. Abdel-Rahman
- Botany
and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Hatem Tallima
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Sun C, Yang T, Zhang S, Wen Q, Gao B, Liu Q, Cheng H, Wang Y, Chen Z, Zhou H. Regulation of carbon metabolic fluxes to enhance lipid and succinate production in oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:298. [PMID: 39128979 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Mortierella alpina is popular for lipid production, but the low carbon conversion rate and lipid yield are major obstacles for its economic performance. Here, external addition of organic acids involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle was used to tune carbon flux and improve lipid production. Citrate was determined to be the best organic acid that can be used for enhancing lipid production. By the addition of citrate, the lipid titer and content were approximately 1.24 and 1.34 times higher, respectively. Meanwhile, citrate supplement also promoted the accumulation of succinate, an important value-added platform chemical. Owing to the improved lipid and succinate production through adding citrate, the carbon conversion rate of M. alpina reached up to 52.17%, much higher than that of the control group (14.11%). The addition of citrate could redistribute carbon flux by regulating the expression level of genes related to tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism. More carbon fluxes flow to lipid and succinate synthesis, which greatly improved the carbon conversion efficiency of M. alpina. This study provides an effective and straightforward strategy with potential economic benefits to improve carbon conversion efficiency in M. alpina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongran Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Shuangfei Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Qikun Wen
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Binyuan Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Qianzi Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Haina Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Hongbo Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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3
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Sun D, Bian G, Zhang K, Liu N, Yin Y, Hou Y, Xie F, Zhu W, Mao S, Liu J. Early-life ruminal microbiome-derived indole-3-carboxaldehyde and prostaglandin D2 are effective promoters of rumen development. Genome Biol 2024; 25:64. [PMID: 38438919 PMCID: PMC10910749 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-024-03205-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The function of diverse ruminal microbes is tightly linked to rumen development and host physiology. The system of ruminal microbes is an excellent model to clarify the fundamental ecological relationships among complex nutrient-microbiome-host interactions. Here, neonatal lambs are introduced to different dietary regimes to investigate the influences of early-life crosstalk between nutrients and microbiome on rumen development. RESULTS We find starchy corn-soybean starter-fed lambs exhibit the thickest ruminal epithelia and fiber-rich alfalfa hay-fed lambs have the thickest rumen muscle. Metabolome and metagenome data reveal that indole-3-carboxaldehyde (3-IAld) and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) are the top characteristic ruminal metabolites associated with ruminal epithelial and muscular development, which depend on the enhanced ruminal microbial synthesis potential of 3-IAld and PGD2. Moreover, microbial culture experiment first demonstrates that Bifidobacterium pseudolongum is able to convert tryptophan into 3-IAld and Candida albicans is a key producer for PGD2. Transcriptome sequencing of the ruminal epithelia and smooth muscle shows that ruminal epithelial and muscular development is accompanied by Wnt and Ca2+ signaling pathway activation. Primary cell cultures further confirm that 3-IAld promotes ruminal epithelial cell proliferation depending on AhR-wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and PGD2 accelerates ruminal smooth muscle cell proliferation via Ca2+ signaling pathway. Furthermore, we find that 3-IAld and PGD2 infusion promote ruminal epithelial and musculature development in lambs. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that early-life ruminal microbiome-derived 3-IAld and PGD2 are effective promoters of rumen development, which enhances our understanding of nutrient-microbiome-host interactions in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daming Sun
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Drug Target Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Gaorui Bian
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 210038, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuyang Yin
- Huzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Yuanlong Hou
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Drug Target Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shengyong Mao
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Junhua Liu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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4
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Yan CX, Zhang Y, Yang WQ, Ma W, Sun XM, Huang H. Universal and unique strategies for the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids in industrial oleaginous microorganisms. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 70:108298. [PMID: 38048920 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (ARA), are beneficial for reducing blood cholesterol and enhancing memory. Traditional PUFA production relies on extraction from plants and animals, which is unsustainable. Thus, using microorganisms as lipid-producing factories holds promise as an alternative way for PUFA production. Several oleaginous microorganisms have been successfully industrialized to date. These can be divided into universal and specialized hosts according to the products range of biosynthesis. The Yarrowia lipolytica is universal oleaginous host that has been engineered to produce a variety of fatty acids, such as γ-linolenic acid (GLA), EPA, ARA and so on. By contrast, the specialized host are used to produce only certain fatty acids, such as ARA in Mortierella alpina, EPA in Nannochloropsis, and DHA in Thraustochytrids. The metabolic engineering and fermentation strategies for improving PUFA production in universal and specialized hosts are different, which is the subject of this review. In addition, the widely applicable strategies for microbial lipid production that are not specific to individual hosts were also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xiao Yan
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qian Yang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Ma
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Man Sun
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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5
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Shitanaka T, Higa L, Bryson AE, Bertucci C, Vande Pol N, Lucker B, Khanal SK, Bonito G, Du ZY. Flocculation of oleaginous green algae with Mortierella alpina fungi. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 385:129391. [PMID: 37364649 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are promising sources of valuable bioproducts such as biofuels, food, and nutraceuticals. However, harvesting microalgae is challenging due to their small size and low biomass concentrations. To address this challenge, bio-flocculation of starchless mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (sta6/sta7) was investigated with Mortierella alpina, an oleaginous fungus with high concentrations of arachidonic acid (ARA). Triacylglycerides (TAG) reached 85 % of total lipids in sta6 and sta7 through a nitrogen regime. Scanning electron microscopy determined cell-wall attachment and extra polymeric substances (EPS) to be responsible for flocculation. An algal-fungal biomass ratio around 1:1 (three membranes) was optimal for bio-flocculation (80-85 % flocculation efficiency in 24 h). Nitrogen-deprived sta6/sta7 were flocculated with strains of M. alpina (NVP17b, NVP47, and NVP153) with aggregates exhibiting fatty acid profiles similar to C. reinhardtii, with ARA (3-10 % of total fatty acids). This study showcases M. alpina as a strong bio-flocculation candidate for microalgae and advances a mechanistic understanding of algal-fungal interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ty Shitanaka
- Department of Molecular Biosciences & Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
| | - Lauren Higa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences & Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
| | - Abigail E Bryson
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Conor Bertucci
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Natalie Vande Pol
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Ben Lucker
- Trait Biosciences, Los Alamos, NM 87544, United States
| | - Samir Kumar Khanal
- Department of Molecular Biosciences & Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
| | - Gregory Bonito
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
| | - Zhi-Yan Du
- Department of Molecular Biosciences & Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States.
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6
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Oliveira RB, Robl D, Ienczak JL. Potential of Mortierellaceae for polyunsaturated fatty acids production: mini review. Biotechnol Lett 2023:10.1007/s10529-023-03381-z. [PMID: 37148344 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03381-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The health benefits of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have encouraged the search for rich sources of these compounds. However, the supply chain of PUFAs from animals and plants presents environmental concerns, such as water pollution, deforestation, animal exploitation and interference in the trophic chain. In this way, a viable alternative has been found in microbial sources, mainly in single cell oil (SCO) production by yeast and filamentous fungi. Mortierellaceae is a filamentous fungal family world-renowned for PUFA-producing strains. For example, Mortierella alpina can be highlighted due to be industrially applied to produce arachidonic acid (20:4 n6), an important component of infant supplement formulas. Thus, the state of the art of strategies to increase PUFAs production by Mortierellaceae strains is presented in this review. Firstly, we have discussed main phylogenetic and biochemical characteristics of these strains for lipid production. Next, strategies based on physiological manipulation, using different carbon and nitrogen sources, temperature, pH and cultivation methods, which can increase PUFA production by optimizing process parameters are presented. Furthermore, it is possible to use metabolic engineering tools, controlling the supply of NADPH and co-factors, and directing the activity of desaturases and elongase to the target PUFA. Thus, this review aims to discuss the functionality and applicability of each of these strategies, in order to support future research for PUFA production by Mortierellaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela B Oliveira
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Diogo Robl
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Jaciane L Ienczak
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil.
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7
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Cao L, Yin M, Shi TQ, Lin L, Ledesma-Amaro R, Ji XJ. Engineering Yarrowia lipolytica to produce nutritional fatty acids: Current status and future perspectives. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2022; 7:1024-1033. [PMID: 35801090 PMCID: PMC9249680 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their vital physiological functions, nutritional fatty acids have great potential as nutraceutical food supplements for preventing an array of diseases such as inflammation, depression, arthritis, osteoporosis, diabetes and cancer. Microbial biosynthesis of fatty acids follows the trend of sustainable development, as it enables green, environmentally friendly and efficient production. As a natural oleaginous yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica is especially well-suited for the production of fatty acids. Moreover, it has a variety of genetic engineering tools and novel metabolic engineering strategies that make it a robust workhorse for the production of an array of value-added products. In this review, we summarize recent advances in metabolic engineering strategies for accumulating nutritional fatty acids in Y. lipolytica, including conjugated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. In addition, the future prospects of nutritional fatty acid production using the Y. lipolytica platform are discussed in light of the current progress, challenges, and trends in this field. Finally, guidelines for future studies are also emphasized.
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8
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Ye M, Jiang Z, Wang Z, Wang Y, Fang S, Sun Y, Guan H, Sun D, Ma X, Zhang C, Ge Y. Physiological and proteomic responses of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to arsenate and lead mixtures. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113856. [PMID: 35809392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) are frequently emitted from various sources into environment, but microbial responses to their combined toxicity have not been systematically investigated. In this study, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was exposed to two levels of arsenate (As (V), 50, 500 μg/L), Pb (II) (500, 5000 μg/L) and their mixture (50 μg/L As (V) + 500 μg/L Pb (II); 500 μg/L As (V) + 5000 μg/L Pb (II)). The growth of C. reinhardtii was inhibited more remarkably by As (V) than by Pb (II). The As stress was alleviated by Pb in the 50 μg/L As (V) + 500 μg/L Pb (II) treatment, but was enhanced upon the 500 μg/L As (V) + 5000 μg/L Pb (II) exposure, with more pronounced changes in a number of physiological parameters of the algal cells. Proteomic results showed that 71 differently expressed proteins (DEPs) in the treatment of 50 μg/L As (V) + 500 μg/L Pb (II), and 167 DEPs were identified in that of 500 μg/L As (V) + 5000 μg/L Pb (II). These proteins were involved in energy metabolism, photosynthetic carbon fixation, reactive oxygen scavenging and defense, and amino acid synthesis. Taken together, these physiological and proteomic data demonstrated that C. reinhardtii could resist the As (V) and Pb (II) combined treatments through extracellular complexation and intracellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglei Ye
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Zhongquan Jiang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Zhongyang Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Shu Fang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yutong Sun
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Huize Guan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Danqing Sun
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xuening Ma
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- Demonstration Laboratory of Element and Life Science Research, Laboratory Centre of Life Science, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ying Ge
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
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9
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Wang K, Shi TQ, Lin L, Wei P, Ledesma-Amaro R, Ji XJ, Huang H. Advances in synthetic biology tools paving the way for the biomanufacturing of unusual fatty acids using the Yarrowia lipolytica chassis. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 59:107984. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Wang K, Shi TQ, Wang J, Wei P, Ledesma-Amaro R, Ji XJ. Engineering the Lipid and Fatty Acid Metabolism in Yarrowia lipolytica for Sustainable Production of High Oleic Oils. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:1542-1554. [PMID: 35311250 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oleic acid is widely applied in the chemical, material, nutritional, and pharmaceutical industries. However, the current production of oleic acid via high oleic plant oils is limited by the long growth cycle and climatic constraints. Moreover, the global demand for high oleic plant oils, especially the palm oil, has emerged as the driver of tropical deforestation causing tropical rainforest destruction, climate change, and biodiversity loss. In the present study, an alternative and sustainable strategy for high oleic oil production was established by reprogramming the metabolism of the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica using a two-layer "push-pull-block" strategy. Specifically, the fatty acid synthesis pathway was first engineered to increase oleic acid proportion by altering the fatty acid profiles. Then, the content of storage oils containing oleic acid was boosted by engineering the synthesis and degradation pathways of triacylglycerides. The strain resulting from this two-layer engineering strategy produced the highest titer of high oleic microbial oil reaching 56 g/L with 84% oleic acid in fed-batch fermentation, representing a remarkable improvement of a 110-fold oil titer and 2.24-fold oleic acid proportion compared with the starting strain. This alternative and sustainable method for high oleic oil production shows the potential of substitute planting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian-Qiong Shi
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Department of Bioengineering and Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Xiao-Jun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Autophagy Improves ARA-Rich TAG Accumulation in Mortierella alpina by Regulating Resource Allocation. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0130021. [PMID: 35138146 PMCID: PMC8881083 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01300-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to explore the possibility of improving lipid production in oleaginous filamentous fungus Mortierella alpina based on an autophagy regulation strategy. According to multiomics information, vacuolate-centered macroautophagy was identified as the main type of autophagy in M. alpina under nitrogen-limited conditions. Mutation of autophagy-related gene MAatg8 led to impaired fatty acid synthesis, while overexpression of both MAatg8 and phosphatidylserine decarboxylases (MApsd2) showed promoting effects on fatty acid synthesis. MAatg8 overexpression strain with external supply of ethanolamine significantly increased arachidonic acid (ARA)-rich triacylglycerol (TAG) and biomass synthesis in M. alpina, and the final fatty acid content increased by approximately 110% compared with that in the wild-type strain. Metabolomics and lipidomics analyses revealed that cell autophagy enhanced the recycling of preformed carbon, nitrogen, and lipid in mycelium, and the released carbon skeleton and energy were contributed to the accumulation of TAG in M. alpina. This study suggests that regulation of autophagy-related MAatg8-phosphatidylethanolamine (MAatg8-PE) conjugation system could be a promising strategy for attaining higher lipid production and biomass growth. The mechanism of autophagy in regulating nitrogen limitation-induced lipid accumulation elucidated in this study provides a reference for development of autophagy-based strategies for improving nutrient use efficiency and high value-added lipid production by oleaginous microorganism. IMPORTANCE Studies have indicated that functional oil accumulation occurs in oleaginous microorganisms under nitrogen limitation. However, until now, large-scale application of nitrogen-deficiency strategies was limited by low biomass. Therefore, the identification of the critical nodes of nitrogen deficiency-induced lipid accumulation is urgently needed to further guide functional oil production. The significance of our research is in uncovering the function of cell autophagy in the ARA-rich TAG accumulation of oleaginous fungus M. alpina and demonstrating the feasibility of improving lipid production based on an autophagy regulation strategy at the molecular and omics levels. Our study proves that regulation of cell autophagy through the MAatg8-PE conjugation system-related gene overexpression or exogenous supply of ethanolamine would be an efficient strategy to increase and maintain biomass productivity when high TAG content is obtained under nitrogen deficiency, which could be useful for the development of new strategies that will achieve more biomass and maximal lipid productivity.
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LIMA TLS, Costa GFD, ALVES RDN, ARAÚJO CDLD, SILVA GFGD, RIBEIRO NL, FIGUEIREDO CFVD, ANDRADE ROD. Vegetable oils in emulsified meat products: a new strategy to replace animal fat. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.103621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Guo T, Wan C, Huang F, Wei C, Xiang X. Process optimization and characterization of arachidonic acid oil degumming using ultrasound-assisted enzymatic method. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 78:105720. [PMID: 34469850 PMCID: PMC8408658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound assisted enzymatic method was applied to the degumming of arachidonic acid (ARA) oil produced by Mortierella alpina. The conditions of degumming process were optimized by response surface methodology with Box- Behnken design. A dephosphorization rate of 98.82% was achieved under optimum conditions of a 500 U/kg of Phospholipase A1 (PLA1) dosage, 2.8 mL/100 g of water volume, 120 min of ultrasonic time, and 135 W of ultrasonic power. The phosphorus content of ultrasonic assisted enzymatic degumming oil (UAEDO) was 4.79 mg/kg, which was significantly lower than that of enzymatic degumming oil (EDO, 17.98 mg/kg). Crude Oil (CO), EDO and UAEDO revealed the similar fatty acid compositions, and ARA was dominated (50.97 ~ 52.40%). The oxidation stability of UAEDO was equivalent to EDO and weaker than CO, while UAEDO presented the strongest thermal stability, followed by EDO and CO. Furthermore, aldehydes, acids and alcohols were identified the main volatile flavor components for the three oils. The proportions of major contributing components such as hexanal, nonanal, (E)-2-nonanal, (E, E)-2,4-decadienal, (E)-2-nonenal and aldehydes in UAEDO and EDO were all lower than CO. Overall, Ultrasound assisted enzymatic degumming proved to be an efficient and superior method for degumming of ARA oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Guo
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, China; Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuyun Wan
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, China; Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan, China.
| | - Fenghong Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China; Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunlei Wei
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, China; Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Xiang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, China; Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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Microbial lipid biosynthesis from lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis products. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107791. [PMID: 34192583 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are a biorefinery platform to prepare fuel, food and health products. They are traditionally obtained from plants, but those of microbial origin allow for a better use of land and C resources, among other benefits. Several (thermo)chemical and biochemical strategies are used for the conversion of C contained in lignocellulosic biomass into lipids. In particular, pyrolysis can process virtually any biomass and is easy to scale up. Products offer cost-effective, renewable C in the form of readily fermentable molecules and other upgradable intermediates. Although the production of microbial lipids has been studied for 30 years, their incorporation into biorefineries was only described a few years ago. As pyrolysis becomes a profitable technology to depolymerize lignocellulosic biomass into assimilable C, the number of investigations on it raises significantly. This article describes the challenges and opportunities resulting from the combination of lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis and lipid biosynthesis with oleaginous microorganisms. First, this work presents the basics of the individual processes, and then it shows state-of-the-art processes for the preparation of microbial lipids from biomass pyrolysis products. Advanced knowledge on separation techniques, structure analysis, and fermentability is detailed for each biomass pyrolysis fraction. Finally, the microbial fatty acid platform comprising biofuel, human food and animal feed products, and others, is presented. Literature shows that the microbial lipid production from anhydrosugars, like levoglucosan, and short-chain organic acids, like acetic acid, is straightforward. Indeed, processes achieving nearly theoretical yields form the latter have been described. Some authors have shown that lipid biosynthesis from different lignin sources is biochemically feasible. However, it still imposes major challenges regarding strain performance. No report on the fermentation of pyrolytic lignin is yet available. Research on the microbial uptake of pyrolytic humins remains vacant. Microorganisms that make use of methane show promising results at the proof-of-concept level. Overall, despite some issues need to be tackled, it is now possible to conceive new versatile biorefinery models by combining lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis products and robust oleaginous microbial cell factories.
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Gonabadi E, Samadlouie HR, Shafafi Zenoozian M. Optimization of culture conditions for enhanced Dunaliella salina productions in mixotrophic culture. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:154-162. [PMID: 34057884 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1922917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Dunaliella salina (D. salina) is a green microalga known for its tendency to produce lipid and β-carotene. Fatty acid profile, lipid and β-carotene productions of the microalga D. salina cultivated under different mixotrophic conditions were assayed. Notably, in spite of a broad spectrum of substrates served, mixotrophic cultivations slightly affected the fatty acid composition, and as a result C16:0 and C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3 were identified as main fatty acids. Lipid in dry weight biomass (DWB) hit a high of 24.3% at 5% of NaCL and linolenic acid in lipid reached a peak of 9.15% at 15% of NaCL in medium containing glucose and equal amounts of yeast extract and soy bean powder. One-factor-at-a-time was applied to elucidate the substrates which had noticeable impacts on β-carotene production. Glucose, meat peptone, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), pH 7.5 and 5% NaCL were identified as key process parameters impacting β-carotene production. Following, the concentration of glucose, meat peptone and TiO2 NPs were optimized by using response surface method. The highest content of β-carotene, 25.23 mg/g DWB, was obtained in medium composed of (g/L); 22.92 glucose, 5 meat peptone and 0.002 TiO2 NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Gonabadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar Branch, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Samadlouie
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Masoud Shafafi Zenoozian
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar Branch, Sabzevar, Iran
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Heterologous Production of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in E. coli Using Δ5-Desaturase Gene from Microalga Isochrysis Sp. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 193:869-883. [PMID: 33200268 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03460-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) are long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that play a significant role in human growth and development, which deficiency can trigger several metabolic-related diseases. Since the availability of PUFA sources is limited, there arises a need to explore alternative sources. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether an Escherichia coli which are engineered with Δ5Des-Iso gene isolated from Isochrysis sp. could be utilized to synthesize PUFAs. Full-length gene Δ5Des-Iso (1149 bp) was isolated from Isochrysis sp. that encodes 382 amino acids and identified as Δ5-desatruase gene using different bioinformatic analysis. Heterologous gene expression was carried out in E. coli having Δ5Des-Iso with precursor fatty acids. The Δ5Des-Iso produced novel fatty acids of EPA (ω-3) and ARA (ω-6) as respective products were identified by GC-MS. Gene expression and PUFA synthesis in E. coli were optimized by temperature, time, and concentrations of precursor fatty acid substrates. Δ5Des-Iso RNA transcript level was inversely proportional to the time and fatty acid synthesis. And, the significant production of EPA (4.1 mg/g) and ARA (8.3 mg/g) in total fatty acids was observed in E. coli grown at 37 °C for 24 h with 25 μM of external fatty acid substrate as an optimum growth conditions. E. coli could be used as alternative organism to synthesis PUFAs and widely applicable in many nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals industry for human use.
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Gorte O, Kugel M, Ochsenreither K. Optimization of carbon source efficiency for lipid production with the oleaginous yeast Saitozyma podzolica DSM 27192 applying automated continuous feeding. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:181. [PMID: 33292512 PMCID: PMC7607716 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01824-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biotechnologically produced microbial lipids are of interest as potential alternatives for crude and plant oils. Their lipid profile is similar to plant oils and can therefore be a substitute for the production of biofuels, additives for food and cosmetics industry as well as building blocks for oleochemicals. Commercial microbial lipids production, however, is still not profitable and research on process optimization and cost reduction is required. This study reports on the process optimization using glucose or xylose with the unconventional oleaginous yeast Saitozyma podzolica DSM 27192 aiming to reduce the applied carbon source amount without sacrificing lipid productivity. RESULTS By optimizing the process parameters temperature and pH, lipid productivity was enhanced by 40%. Thereupon, by establishing a two-phase strategy with an initial batch phase and a subsequent fed-batch phase for lipid production in which a constant sugar concentration of about 10 g/L was maintained, resulted in saving of ~ 41% of total glucose and ~ 26% of total xylose. By performing the automated continuous sugar feed the total sugar uptake was improved to ~ 91% for glucose and ~ 92% for xylose and thus, prevented waste of unused carbon source in the cultivation medium. In addition, reduced glucose cultivation resulted in to 28% higher cell growth and 19% increase of lipid titer. By using xylose, the by-product xylonic acid was identified for the first time as by-product of S. podzolica. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a broad view of different cultivation process strategies with subsequent comparison and evaluation for lipid production with S. podzolica. Additionally, new biotechnological characteristics of this yeast were highlighted regarding the ability to produce valuable organic acids from sustainable and renewable sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gorte
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Science 2: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fitz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michaela Kugel
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Science 2: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fitz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Katrin Ochsenreither
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Science 2: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fitz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Lu H, Chen H, Tang X, Yang Q, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Chen W. Metabolomics analysis reveals the role of oxygen control in the nitrogen limitation induced lipid accumulation in Mortierella alpina. J Biotechnol 2020; 325:325-333. [PMID: 33039549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid hyperaccumulation in oleaginous microorganisms is generally induced by nitrogen limitation, while oxygen supply can influence biomass growth and cell metabolism. Although strategies based on nitrogen limitation or oxygen control have been extensively explored and applied in various oleaginous microorganisms, the role of oxygen supply in nitrogen limitation induced lipid hyperaccumulation still remains unclear. Here, we systematically surveyed the effects of oxygen supply on the oleaginous fungus M. alpina cultured in nitrogen limited conditions through integration of physiochemical parameters and metabolomics analysis. Our results indicated that a high oxygen supply promoted carbon/nitrogen consumption and was used for rapid biomass synthesis, while either high or low oxygen supply conditions were adverse to lipid and ARA accumulation. Different oxygen supply level significantly affected the balance between fermentation for lipid synthesis and respiration for energy generation. Under nitrogen limitation, a suitable oxygen supply promoted the recycling of preformed nitrogen and increased the redirection of carbon towards fatty acid synthesis through the hub centred around glutamic acid coupled to the intermediate metabolism of carbon in the TCA cycle, while a high oxygen supply favored the respiration process and enhanced the degradation of LC-PUFAs, rather than fermentation for fatty acid synthesis. This system-level insight reveals the underlying metabolic mechanism of oxygen control in nitrogen limitation induced lipid accumulation, and provides theoretical support for the integration of oxygen control with nutrient supply for efficient microbial oil production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengqian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China.
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
| | - Yong Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
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Korma SA, Li L, Abdrabo KAE, Ali AH, Rahaman A, Abed SM, Bakry IA, Wei W, Wang X. A comparative study of lipid composition and powder quality among powdered infant formula with novel functional structured lipids and commercial infant formulas. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wang Y, Tang X, Wang S, Zhang H, Chen Y, Chen H, Chen W. Application of the cbh1 promoter in
Mortierella alpina
and optimization of induction conditions. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:164-170. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - X. Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - S. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - H. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Y.Q. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - H. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - W. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU) Beijing China
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Evaluation and Transcriptome Analysis of the Novel Oleaginous Microalga Lobosphaera bisecta (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) for Arachidonic Acid Production. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18050229. [PMID: 32357437 PMCID: PMC7281613 DOI: 10.3390/md18050229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is an omega-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid and is important for human health. The coccoid green microalga Lobosphaera bisecta has been reported to be able to accumulate high AA content under certain conditions. Nutrient management and light intensity had significant effects on the biomass and accumulation of lipids and AA in L. bisecta SAG2043. Both a high nitrogen concentration (18 mM) and high light intensity (bilateral light-300 μmol m−2 s−1) were beneficial to the growth of L. bisecta, and the replacement of culture medium further enhanced the biomass, which reached 8.9 g L−1. Low nitrogen concentration (3.6 mM) and high light significantly promoted the accumulation of lipids and AA. The highest lipid and AA content reached 54.0% and 10.8% of dry weight, respectively. Lipid compositions analysis showed that 88.2% of AA was distributed within the neutral lipids. We then reconstructed the lipid metabolic pathways of L. bisecta for the first time, and demonstrated that the upregulation of a key desaturase and elongase in the Δ6 pathway was conducive to the accumulation of fatty acids toward AA synthesis. L. bisecta SAG2043 exhibits high biomass, lipid and AA production. It may be a potential candidate for AA production.
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Gorte O, Hollenbach R, Papachristou I, Steinweg C, Silve A, Frey W, Syldatk C, Ochsenreither K. Evaluation of Downstream Processing, Extraction, and Quantification Strategies for Single Cell Oil Produced by the Oleaginous Yeasts Saitozyma podzolica DSM 27192 and Apiotrichum porosum DSM 27194. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:355. [PMID: 32391350 PMCID: PMC7193083 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Single cell oil (SCO) produced by oleaginous yeasts is considered as a sustainable source for biodiesel and oleochemicals since its production does not compete with food or feed and high yields can be obtained from a wide variety of carbon sources, e.g., acetate or lignocellulose. Downstream processing is still costly preventing the broader application of SCO. Direct transesterification of freeze-dried biomass is widely used for analytical purposes and for biodiesel production but it is energy intensive and, therefore, expensive. Additionally, only fatty acid esters are produced limiting the subsequent applications. The harsh conditions applied during direct esterification might also damage high-value polyunsaturated fatty acids. Unfortunately, universal downstream strategies effective for all yeast species do not exist and methods have to be developed for each yeast species due to differences in cell wall composition. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate three industrially relevant cell disruption methods combined with three extraction systems for the SCO extraction of two novel, unconventional oleaginous yeasts, Saitozyma podzolica DSM 27192 and Apiotrichum porosum DSM 27194, based on cell disruption efficiency, lipid yield, and oil quality. Bead milling (BM) and high pressure homogenization (HPH) were effective cell disruption methods in contrast to sonification. By combining HPH (95% cell disruption efficiency) with ethanol-hexane-extraction 46.9 ± 4.4% lipid/CDW of S. podzolica were obtained which was 2.7 times higher than with the least suitable combination (ultrasound + Folch). A. porosum was less affected by cell disruption attempts. Here, the highest disruption efficiency was 74% after BM and the most efficient lipid recovery method was direct acidic transesterification (27.2 ± 0.5% fatty acid methyl esters/CDW) after freeze drying. The study clearly indicates cell disruption is the decisive step for SCO extraction. At disruption efficiencies of >90%, lipids can be extracted at high yields, whereas at lower cell disruption efficiencies, considerable amounts of lipids will not be accessible for extraction regardless of the solvents used. Furthermore, it was shown that hexane-ethanol which is commonly used for extraction of algal lipids is also highly efficient for yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gorte
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Science 2: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Rebecca Hollenbach
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Science 2: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ioannis Papachristou
- Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christian Steinweg
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Science 3: Bioprocess Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Aude Silve
- Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christoph Syldatk
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Science 2: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Katrin Ochsenreither
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Science 2: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Imatoukene N, Koubaa M, Perdrix E, Benali M, Vorobiev E. Combination of cell disruption technologies for lipid recovery from dry and wet biomass of Yarrowia lipolytica and using green solvents. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wang H, Zhang C, Chen H, Gu Z, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Chen W. Tetrahydrobiopterin Plays a Functionally Significant Role in Lipogenesis in the Oleaginous Fungus Mortierella alpina. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:250. [PMID: 32153536 PMCID: PMC7044132 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is well-known as a cofactor of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS), but its exact role in lipogenesis is unclear. In this study, the GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH) gene was overexpressed to investigate the role of BH4 in lipogenesis in oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina. Transcriptome data analysis reveal that GTPCH expression was upregulated when nitrogen was exhausted, resulting in lipid accumulation. Significant changes were also found in the fatty acid profile of M. alpina grown on medium that contained a GTPCH inhibitor relative to that of M. alpina grown on medium that lacked the inhibitor. GTPCH overexpression in M. alpina (the MA-GTPCH strain) led to a sevenfold increase in BH4 levels and enhanced cell fatty acid synthesis and poly-unsaturation. Increased levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and upregulated expression of NADPH-producing genes in response to enhanced BH4 levels were also observed, which indicate a novel aspect of the NADPH regulatory mechanism. Increased BH4 levels also enhanced phenylalanine hydroxylation and nitric oxide synthesis, and the addition of an NOS or a PAH inhibitor in the MA-GTPCH and control strain cultures decreased fatty acid accumulation, NADPH production, and the transcript levels of NADPH-producing genes. Our research suggests an important role of BH4 in lipogenesis and that the phenylalanine catabolism and arginine-nitric oxide pathways play an integrating role in translating the effects of BH4 on lipogenesis by regulating the cellular NADPH pool. Thus, our findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms of efficient lipid biosynthesis regulation in oleaginous microorganisms and lay a foundation for the genetic engineering of these organisms to optimize their dietary fat yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhennan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yong Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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25
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Zhang S, Guo F, Yan W, Dai Z, Dong W, Zhou J, Zhang W, Xin F, Jiang M. Recent Advances of CRISPR/Cas9-Based Genetic Engineering and Transcriptional Regulation in Industrial Biology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 7:459. [PMID: 32047743 PMCID: PMC6997136 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrial biology plays a crucial role in the fields of medicine, health, food, energy, and so on. However, the lack of efficient genetic engineering tools has restricted the rapid development of industrial biology. Recently, the emergence of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system brought a breakthrough in genome editing technologies due to its high orthogonality, versatility, and efficiency. In this review, we summarized the barriers of CRISPR/Cas9 and corresponding solutions for efficient genetic engineering in industrial microorganisms. In addition, the advances of industrial biology employing the CRISPR/Cas9 system were compared in terms of its application in bacteria, yeast, and filamentous fungi. Furthermore, the cooperation between CRISPR/Cas9 and synthetic biology was discussed to help build complex and programmable gene circuits, which can be used in industrial biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongxue Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiliang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengxue Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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26
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Lu H, Chen H, Tang X, Yang Q, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Chen W. Time-resolved multi-omics analysis reveals the role of nutrient stress-induced resource reallocation for TAG accumulation in oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:116. [PMID: 32625246 PMCID: PMC7328260 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01757-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global resource reallocation is an established critical strategy through which organisms deal with environmental stress. The regulation of intracellular lipid storage or utilization is one of the most important strategies for maintaining energy homeostasis and optimizing growth. Oleaginous microorganisms respond to nitrogen deprivation by inducing lipid hyper accumulation; however, the associations between resource allocation and lipid accumulation are poorly understood. RESULTS Here, the time-resolved metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics data were generated in response to nutrient availability to examine how metabolic alternations induced by nitrogen deprivation drive the triacylglycerols (TAG) accumulation in M. alpina. The subsequent accumulation of TAG under nitrogen deprivation was a consequence of the reallocation of carbon, nitrogen sources, and lipids, rather than an up-regulation of TAG biosynthesis genes. On one hand, nitrogen deprivation induced the down-regulation of isocitrate dehydrogenase level in TCA cycle and redirected glycolytic flux of carbon from amino acid biosynthesis into fatty acids' synthesis; on the other hand, nitrogen deprivation induced the up-regulation of cell autophagy and ubiquitin-mediated protein proteolysis which resulted in a recycling of preformed protein nitrogen and carbon. Combining with the up-regulation of glutamate decarboxylase and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase in GABA shunt, and the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in the central hub involving pyruvate/phosphoenolpyruvate/oxaloacetate, the products from nitrogen-containing compounds degradation were recycled to be intermediates of TCA cycle and be shunted toward de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids. We found that nitrogen deprivation increased the protein level of phospholipase C/D that contributes to degradation of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, and supplied acyl chains for TAG biosynthesis pathway. In addition, ATP from substrate phosphorylation was presumed to be a critical factor regulation of the global resource allocation and fatty acids' synthesis rate. CONCLUSIONS The present findings offer a panoramic view of resource allocation by M. alpina in response to nutrient stress and revealed a set of intriguing associations between resource reallocation and TAG accumulation. This system-level insight provides a rich resource with which to explore in-depth functional characterization and gain information about the strategic combination of strain development and process integration to achieve optimal lipid productivity under nutrient stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengqian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004 China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004 China
| | - Yong Q. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048 China
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27
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Phytohormones as stimulators to improve arachidonic acid biosynthesis in Mortierella alpina. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 131:109381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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28
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Lu H, Chen H, Tang X, Yang Q, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Chen W. Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Q Exactive Orbitrap/Mass Spectrometry-Based Lipidomics Reveals the Influence of Nitrogen Sources on Lipid Biosynthesis of Mortierella alpina. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:10984-10993. [PMID: 31525294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to reveal the effects of four types of nitrogen sources (soymeal, yeast extract, KNO3, and ammonium tartrate) on the lipid metabolism of the oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina using untargeted lipidomics, targeted fatty acid, and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis. Our results showed clear differences in the contents and compositions of lipids between four types of nitrogen sources. Soymeal and ammonium tartrate supplementation favored the accumulation of triglycerides with arachidonic acid (ARA) and C16-18 fatty acids, respectively. These results were further validated by our targeted fatty acid analysis. RT-qPCR analysis of related genes in M. alpina between the four nitrogen source conditions found that soymeal supplementation dramatically increased the expression of GPAT, ELOVL, and Δ12/Δ6 desaturase. Our findings provided new insights into the regulation of lipid biosynthesis in M. alpina and potential avenues for genetic manipulation and highlighted the importance of an optimal nitrogen source for ARA-rich oil production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haiqin Chen
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu 225004 , People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Hao Zhang
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu 225004 , People's Republic of China
| | | | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU) , Beijing 100048 , People's Republic of China
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29
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Liu HH, Wang C, Lu XY, Huang H, Tian Y, Ji XJ. Improved Production of Arachidonic Acid by Combined Pathway Engineering and Synthetic Enzyme Fusion in Yarrowia lipolytica. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9851-9857. [PMID: 31418561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (ARA, C20:4) is a typical ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid with special functions. Using Yarrowia lipolytica as an unconventional chassis, we previously showed the performance of the Δ-6 pathway in ARA production. However, a significant increase in the Δ-9 pathway has rarely been reported. Herein, the Δ-9 pathway from Isochrysis galbana was constructed via pathway engineering, allowing us to synthesize ARA at 91.5 mg L-1. To further improve the ARA titer, novel enzyme fusions of Δ-9 elongase and Δ-8 desaturase were redesigned in special combinations containing different linkers. Finally, with the integrated pathway engineering and synthetic enzyme fusion, a 29% increase in the ARA titer, up to 118.1 mg/L, was achieved using the reconstructed strain RH-4 that harbors the rigid linker (GGGGS). The results show that the combined pathway and protein engineering can significantly facilitate applications of Y. lipolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu-Hu Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yang Lu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128 , People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128 , People's Republic of China
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , No. 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Tian
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Ji
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , No. 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , People's Republic of China
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30
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Chang L, Tang X, Lu H, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Chen H, Chen W. Role of Adenosine Monophosphate Deaminase during Fatty Acid Accumulation in Oleaginous Fungus Mortierella alpina. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9551-9559. [PMID: 31379157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In oleaginous micro-organisms, nitrogen limitation activates adenosine monophosphate deaminase (AMPD) and promotes lipogenesis via the inhibition of isocitrate dehydrogenase. We found that the overexpression of homologous AMPD in Mortierella alpina favored lipid synthesis over cell growth. Total fatty acid content in the recombinant strain was 15.0-34.3% higher than that in the control, even though their biomass was similar. During the early fermentation stage, the intracellular AMP level reduced by 40-60%, together with a 1.9-2.7-fold increase in citrate content compared with the control, therefore provided more precursors for fatty acid synthesis. Moreover, the decreased AMP level resulted in metabolic reprogramming, reflected by the blocked TCA cycle and reduction of amino acids, distributing more carbon to lipid synthesis pathways. By coupling the energy balance with lipogenesis, this study provides new insights into cell metabolism under nitrogen-limited conditions and targets the regulation of fatty acid accumulation in oleaginous micro-organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hao Zhang
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , P. R. China
| | - Yong Q Chen
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , P. R. China
| | | | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU) , Beijing 100048 , P. R. China
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31
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Sanghi S, Chirmade T, More S, Prabhune A, Gupta V, Kadoo N. Effect of Media Components and Growth Conditions for Improved Linoleic Acid Production by BeauveriaSpecies. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Smrati Sanghi
- Biochemical Sciences DivisionCSIR‐National Chemical Laboratory Pune, 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Tejas Chirmade
- Biochemical Sciences DivisionCSIR‐National Chemical Laboratory Pune, 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Snehal More
- Biochemical Sciences DivisionCSIR‐National Chemical Laboratory Pune, 411008 India
| | - Asmita Prabhune
- Biochemical Sciences DivisionCSIR‐National Chemical Laboratory Pune, 411008 India
| | - Vidya Gupta
- Biochemical Sciences DivisionCSIR‐National Chemical Laboratory Pune, 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Narendra Kadoo
- Biochemical Sciences DivisionCSIR‐National Chemical Laboratory Pune, 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad, 201002 India
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32
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Ding Y, Wang KF, Wang WJ, Ma YR, Shi TQ, Huang H, Ji XJ. Increasing the homologous recombination efficiency of eukaryotic microorganisms for enhanced genome engineering. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:4313-4324. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Engineering Microbes to Produce Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 37:344-346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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34
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Yao Q, Chen H, Wang S, Tang X, Gu Z, Zhang H, Chen W, Chen YQ. An efficient strategy for screening polyunsaturated fatty acid-producing oleaginous filamentous fungi from soil. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 158:80-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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35
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Zheng H, Hao M, Liu W, Zheng W, Yingying, Fan S, Wu Z. Foam fractionation for the concentration of exopolysaccharides produced by repeated batch fermentation of cordyceps militaris. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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36
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Ledesma-Amaro R, Jiménez A, Revuelta JL. Pathway Grafting for Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Production in Ashbya gossypii through Golden Gate Rapid Assembly. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:2340-2347. [PMID: 30261136 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Here we present a Golden Gate assembly system adapted for the rapid genomic engineering of the industrial fungus Ashbya gossypii. This biocatalyst is an excellent biotechnological chassis for synthetic biology applications and is currently used for the industrial production of riboflavin. Other bioprocesses such as the production of folic acid, nucleosides, amino acids and biolipids have been recently reported in A. gossypii. In this work, an efficient assembly system for the expression of heterologous complex pathways has been designed. The expression platform comprises interchangeable DNA modules, which provides flexibility for the use of different loci for integration, selection markers and regulatory sequences. The functionality of the system has been applied to engineer strains able to synthesize polyunsaturated fatty acids (up to 35% of total fatty acids). The production of the industrially relevant arachidonic, eicosapentanoic and docosahexanoic acids remarks the potential of A. gossypii to produce these functional lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Jiménez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Luis Revuelta
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
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37
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Tang X, Chen H, Mei T, Ge C, Gu Z, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Chen W. Characterization of an Omega-3 Desaturase From Phytophthora parasitica and Application for Eicosapentaenoic Acid Production in Mortierella alpina. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1878. [PMID: 30154780 PMCID: PMC6102326 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) have important therapeutic and nutritional benefits in humans. In the biosynthesis pathways of these LC-PUFAs, omega-3 desaturase plays a critical role. In this study, we report a new omega-3 desaturase (PPD17) from Phytophthora parasitica. This desaturase shares high similarities with the known omega-3 desaturases and was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the activity and substrate specificity research. The desaturase has a wide omega-6 fatty acid substrate, containing both 18C and 20C fatty acids, and exhibits a strong activity of delta-17 desaturase but a weak activity of delta-15 desaturase. The new desaturase converted the omega-6 arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4) to EPA (an omega-3 LC-PUFA, C20:5) with a substrate conversion rate of 70%. To obtain a high EPA-producing strain, we transformed PPD17 into Mortierella alpina, an AA-producing filamentous fungus. The EPA content of the total fatty acids in reconstruction strains reached 31.5% and was followed by the fermentation optimization of the EPA yield of up to 1.9 g/L. This research characterized a new omega-3 desaturase and provides a possibility of industrially producing EPA using M. alpina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tiantian Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chengfeng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhennan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yong Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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38
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Shi K, Gao Z, Lin L, Wang WJ, Shi XQ, Yu X, Song P, Ren LJ, Huang H, Ji XJ. Manipulating the generation of reactive oxygen species through intermittent hypoxic stress for enhanced accumulation of arachidonic acid-rich lipids. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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39
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Du ZY, Alvaro J, Hyden B, Zienkiewicz K, Benning N, Zienkiewicz A, Bonito G, Benning C. Enhancing oil production and harvest by combining the marine alga Nannochloropsis oceanica and the oleaginous fungus Mortierella elongata. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:174. [PMID: 29977335 PMCID: PMC6013958 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1172-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although microalgal biofuels have potential advantages over conventional fossil fuels, high production costs limit their application in the market. We developed bio-flocculation and incubation methods for the marine alga, Nannochloropsis oceanica CCMP1779, and the oleaginous fungus, Mortierella elongata AG77, resulting in increased oil productivity. RESULTS By growing separately and then combining the cells, the M. elongata mycelium could efficiently capture N. oceanica due to an intricate cellular interaction between the two species leading to bio-flocculation. Use of a high-salt culture medium induced accumulation of triacylglycerol (TAG) and enhanced the contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) including arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in M. elongata. To increase TAG productivity in the alga, we developed an effective, reduced nitrogen-supply regime based on ammonium in environmental photobioreactors. Under optimized conditions, N. oceanica produced high levels of TAG that could be indirectly monitored by following chlorophyll content. Combining N. oceanica and M. elongata to initiate bio-flocculation yielded high levels of TAG and total fatty acids, with ~ 15 and 22% of total dry weight (DW), respectively, as well as high levels of PUFAs. Genetic engineering of N. oceanica for higher TAG content in nutrient-replete medium was accomplished by overexpressing DGTT5, a gene encoding the type II acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 5. Combined with bio-flocculation, this approach led to increased production of TAG under nutrient-replete conditions (~ 10% of DW) compared to the wild type (~ 6% of DW). CONCLUSIONS The combined use of M. elongata and N. oceanica with available genomes and genetic engineering tools for both species opens up new avenues to improve biofuel productivity and allows for the engineering of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yan Du
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Jonathan Alvaro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Brennan Hyden
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Krzysztof Zienkiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Nils Benning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Agnieszka Zienkiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Gregory Bonito
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Christoph Benning
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
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40
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Zhang H, Lu D, Li X, Feng Y, Cui Q, Song X. Heavy ion mutagenesis combined with triclosan screening provides a new strategy for improving the arachidonic acid yield in Mortierella alpina. BMC Biotechnol 2018; 18:23. [PMID: 29716562 PMCID: PMC5930740 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-018-0437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid (ARA), which is a ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, has a wide range of biological activities and is an essential component of cellular membranes in some human tissues. Mortierella alpina is the best strain for industrial production of ARA. To increase its yield of arachidonic acid, heavy ion beam irradiation mutagenesis of Mortierella alpina was carried out in combination with triclosan and octyl gallate treatment. RESULTS The obtained mutant strain F-23 ultimately achieved an ARA yield of 5.26 g L- 1, which is 3.24 times higher than that of the wild-type strain. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR confirmed that the expression levels of fatty acid synthase (FAS), Δ5-desaturase, Δ6-desaturase, and Δ9-desaturase were all significantly up-regulated in the mutant F-23 strain, especially Δ6- and Δ9-desaturase, which were up-regulated 3- and 2-fold, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed a feasible mutagenesis breeding strategy for improving ARA production and provided a mutant of Mortierella alpina with high ARA yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China.,Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dong Lu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yingang Feng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China.,Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Qiu Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China.,Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojin Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China. .,Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China.
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41
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Yu Y, Zhang L, Li T, Wu N, Jiang L, Ji X, Huang H. How nitrogen sources influence Mortierella alpina aging: From the lipid droplet proteome to the whole-cell proteome and metabolome. J Proteomics 2018; 179:140-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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42
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Zeng SY, Liu HH, Shi TQ, Song P, Ren LJ, Huang H, Ji XJ. Recent Advances in Metabolic Engineering ofYarrowia lipolyticafor Lipid Overproduction. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Zeng
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; No. 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Hu-Hu Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; No. 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Tian-Qiong Shi
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; No. 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Ping Song
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; No. 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Lu-Jing Ren
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; No. 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); No.5 Xinmofan Road Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - He Huang
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); No.5 Xinmofan Road Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nanjing Tech University; No.30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. of China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; No.5 Xinmofan Road Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Ji
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; No. 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); No.5 Xinmofan Road Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
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Li X, Yu C, Yao J, Wang Z, Lu S. An Online Respiratory Quotient-Feedback Strategy of Feeding Yeast Extract for Efficient Arachidonic Acid Production by Mortierella alpina. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 5:83. [PMID: 29404320 PMCID: PMC5786879 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2017.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortierella alpina (M. alpina) is well known for arachidonic acid (ARA) production. However, low efficiency and unstableness are long existed problems for industrial production of ARA by M. alpina due to the lack of online regulations. The aim of the present work is to develop an online-regulation strategy for efficient and stable ARA production in industry. The strategy was developed in 50 L fermenters and then applied in a 200 m3 fermenter. Results indicated that yeast extract (YE) highly increased cell growth in shake flask, it was then used in bioreactor fermentation by various feeding strategies. Feeding YE to control respiratory quotient (RQ) at 1.1 during 0-48 h and at 1.5 during 48-160 h, dry cell weight, and ARA titer reached 53.1 and 11.49 g/L in 50 L fermenter, which were increased by 79.4 and 36.9% as compared to that without YE feeding, respectively. Then, the online RQ-feedback strategy was applied in 200 m3 bioreactor fermentation and an average ARA titer of 16.82 g/L was obtained from 12 batches, which was 41.0% higher than the control batches. This is the first report on successful application of online RQ-feedback control of YE in ARA production, especially in an industrial scale of 200 m3 fermentation. It could be applied to other industrial production of microbial oil by oleaginous microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Li
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CABIO Bioengineering (Wuhan) Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Nutrition Chemicals Biosynthetic Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Yu
- CABIO Bioengineering (Wuhan) Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Nutrition Chemicals Biosynthetic Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianming Yao
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CABIO Bioengineering (Wuhan) Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Nutrition Chemicals Biosynthetic Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- CABIO Bioengineering (Wuhan) Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Nutrition Chemicals Biosynthetic Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuhuan Lu
- CABIO Bioengineering (Wuhan) Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Nutrition Chemicals Biosynthetic Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan, China
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Korma SA, Zou X, Ali AH, Abed SM, Jin Q, Wang X. Preparation of structured lipids enriched with medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols by enzymatic interesterification for infant formula. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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45
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Liu HH, Zeng SY, Shi TQ, Ding Y, Ren LJ, Song P, Huang H, Madzak C, Ji XJ. A Yarrowia lipolytica strain engineered for arachidonic acid production counteracts metabolic burden by redirecting carbon flux towards intracellular fatty acid accumulation at the expense of organic acids secretion. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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46
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Arachidonic acid: Physiological roles and potential health benefits - A review. J Adv Res 2017; 11:33-41. [PMID: 30034874 PMCID: PMC6052655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is time to shift the arachidonic acid (ARA) paradigm from a harm-generating molecule to its status of polyunsaturated fatty acid essential for normal health. ARA is an integral constituent of biological cell membrane, conferring it with fluidity and flexibility, so necessary for the function of all cells, especially in nervous system, skeletal muscle, and immune system. Arachidonic acid is obtained from food or by desaturation and chain elongation of the plant-rich essential fatty acid, linoleic acid. Free ARA modulates the function of ion channels, several receptors and enzymes, via activation as well as inhibition. That explains its fundamental role in the proper function of the brain and muscles and its protective potential against Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium infection and tumor initiation, development, and metastasis. Arachidonic acid in cell membranes undergoes reacylation/deacylation cycles, which keep the concentration of free ARA in cells at a very low level and limit ARA availability to oxidation. Metabolites derived from ARA oxidation do not initiate but contribute to inflammation and most importantly lead to the generation of mediators responsible for resolving inflammation and wound healing. Endocannabinoids are oxidation-independent ARA derivatives, critically important for brain reward signaling, motivational processes, emotion, stress responses, pain, and energy balance. Free ARA and metabolites promote and modulate type 2 immune responses, which are critically important in resistance to parasites and allergens insult, directly via action on eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells and indirectly by binding to specific receptors on innate lymphoid cells. In conclusion, the present review advocates the innumerable ARA roles and considerable importance for normal health.
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47
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CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing of the filamentous fungi: the state of the art. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:7435-7443. [PMID: 28887634 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8497-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a variety of genetic tools have been developed and applied to various filamentous fungi, which are widely applied in agriculture and the food industry. However, the low efficiency of gene targeting has for many years hampered studies on functional genomics in this important group of microorganisms. The emergence of CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing technology has sparked a revolution in genetic research due to its high efficiency, versatility, and easy operation and opened the door for the discovery and exploitation of many new natural products. Although the application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in filamentous fungi is still in its infancy compared to its common use in E. coli, yeasts, and mammals, the deep development of this system will certainly drive the exploitation of fungal diversity. In this review, we summarize the research progress on CRISPR/Cas9 systems in filamentous fungi and finally highlight further prospects in this area.
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48
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Abed SM, Zou X, Ali AH, Jin Q, Wang X. Profiling of triacylglycerol composition in arachidonic acid single cell oil from Mortierella alpina by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Food Compost Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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49
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Effects of aeration on metabolic profiles of Mortierella alpina during the production of arachidonic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 44:1225-1235. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-017-1950-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
To investigate the metabolic regulation against oxygen supply, comparative metabolomics was performed to explore the metabolic responses of Mortierella alpina in the process of arachidonic acid (ARA) production. More than 110 metabolites involved in Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway, pentose phosphate pathway, tricarboxylic acid cycle, inositol phosphate metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and amino acid metabolism were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Samples at different aeration rates were clearly distinguished by principal components analysis and partial least squares analysis, indicating that oxygen supply had a profound effect on the metabolism of M. alpina. Eleven major metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers to be primarily responsible for the difference of metabolism. Further study of metabolic changes with the relevant pathways demonstrated that the levels of several intermediate metabolites in relation to central carbon metabolism changed remarkably via both processes and citrate and malate was supposed to play vital roles in polyunsaturated acid (PUFA) synthesis. Increase of myo-inositol and sorbitol were probably for osmo-regulation and redox balance, while enhanced phosphoric acid and pyroglutamic acid were supposed to have function in the activation of signal transduction pathway for stress resistance. The present study provides a novel insight into the metabolic responses of M. alpina to aeration rates and the metabolic characteristics during the ARA fermentation.
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50
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Shi K, Gao Z, Shi TQ, Song P, Ren LJ, Huang H, Ji XJ. Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Cellular Stress Response and Lipid Accumulation in Oleaginous Microorganisms: The State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:793. [PMID: 28507542 PMCID: PMC5410592 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial oils, which are mainly extracted from yeasts, molds, and algae, have been of considerable interest as food additives and biofuel resources due to their high lipid content. While these oleaginous microorganisms generally produce only small amounts of lipids under optimal growth conditions, their lipid accumulation machinery can be induced by environmental stresses, such as nutrient limitation and an inhospitable physical environmental. As common second messengers of many stress factors, reactive oxygen species (ROS) may act as a regulator of cellular responses to extracellular environmental signaling. Furthermore, increasing evidence indicates that ROS may act as a mediator of lipid accumulation, which is associated with dramatic changes in the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome. However, the specific mechanisms of ROS involvement in the crosstalk between extracellular stress signaling and intracellular lipid synthesis require further investigation. Here, we summarize current knowledge on stress-induced lipid biosynthesis and the putative role of ROS in the control of lipid accumulation in oleaginous microorganisms. Understanding such links may provide guidance for the development of stress-based strategies to enhance microbial lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Shi
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Tian-Qiong Shi
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Ping Song
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Lu-Jing Ren
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing, China
| | - He Huang
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Ji
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing, China
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