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Motta FC, McGoff K, Moseley RC, Cho CY, Kelliher CM, Smith LM, Ortiz MS, Leman AR, Campione SA, Devos N, Chaorattanakawee S, Uthaimongkol N, Kuntawunginn W, Thongpiam C, Thamnurak C, Arsanok M, Wojnarski M, Vanchayangkul P, Boonyalai N, Smith PL, Spring MD, Jongsakul K, Chuang I, Harer J, Haase SB. The parasite intraerythrocytic cycle and human circadian cycle are coupled during malaria infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216522120. [PMID: 37279274 PMCID: PMC10268210 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216522120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During infections with the malaria parasites Plasmodium vivax, patients exhibit rhythmic fevers every 48 h. These fever cycles correspond with the time the parasites take to traverse the intraerythrocytic cycle (IEC). In other Plasmodium species that infect either humans or mice, the IEC is likely guided by a parasite-intrinsic clock [Rijo-Ferreiraet al., Science 368, 746-753 (2020); Smith et al., Science 368, 754-759 (2020)], suggesting that intrinsic clock mechanisms may be a fundamental feature of malaria parasites. Moreover, because Plasmodium cycle times are multiples of 24 h, the IECs may be coordinated with the host circadian clock(s). Such coordination could explain the synchronization of the parasite population in the host and enable alignment of IEC and circadian cycle phases. We utilized an ex vivo culture of whole blood from patients infected with P. vivax to examine the dynamics of the host circadian transcriptome and the parasite IEC transcriptome. Transcriptome dynamics revealed that the phases of the host circadian cycle and the parasite IEC are correlated across multiple patients, showing that the cycles are phase coupled. In mouse model systems, host-parasite cycle coupling appears to provide a selective advantage for the parasite. Thus, understanding how host and parasite cycles are coupled in humans could enable antimalarial therapies that disrupt this coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis C. Motta
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL33431
| | - Kevin McGoff
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC28223
| | | | - Chun-Yi Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA94143
| | - Christina M. Kelliher
- Department of Molecular & Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH03755
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Suwanna Chaorattanakawee
- Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok10400, Thailand
| | | | | | - Chadin Thongpiam
- US-Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok10400, Thailand
| | | | - Montri Arsanok
- US-Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok10400, Thailand
| | | | | | - Nonlawat Boonyalai
- US-Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok10400, Thailand
| | - Philip L. Smith
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Bethesda, MD20817
| | - Michele D. Spring
- US-Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok10400, Thailand
| | - Krisada Jongsakul
- US-Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok10400, Thailand
| | - Ilin Chuang
- US Naval Medical Research Center-Asia in Singapore, Assigned to Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok10400, Thailand
| | - John Harer
- Geometric Data Analytics, Durham, NC27701
| | - Steven B. Haase
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
- Department of Medicine Duke University, Durham, NC27710
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Schneider J, Fárková E, Bakštein E. Human chronotype: Comparison of questionnaires and wrist-worn actigraphy. Chronobiol Int 2021; 39:205-220. [PMID: 34806526 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1992418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the accuracy of chronotype estimation from actigraphy while evaluating the required recording length and stability over time. Chronotypes have an important role in chronobiological and sleep research. In outpatient studies, chronotypes are typically evaluated by questionnaires. Alternatively, actigraphy provides potential means for measuring chronotype characteristics objectively, which opens many applications in chronobiology research. However, studies providing objective, critical evaluation of agreement between questionnaire-based and actigraphy-based chronotypes are lacking. We recorded 3-months of actigraphy and collected Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), and Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) results from 122 women. Regression models were applied to evaluate the questionnaire-based chronotypes scores using selected actigraphy features. Changes in predictive strength were evaluated based on actigraphy recordings of different duration. The actigraphy was significantly associated with the questionnaire-based chronotype, and the best single-feature-based models explained 37% of the variability (R2) for MEQ (p < .001), 47% for mid-sleep time MCTQ-MSFsc (p < .001), and 19% for social jetlag MCTQ-SJLrel (p < .001). Concerning stability in time, the Mid-sleep and Acrophase features showed high levels of stability (test-retest R ~ 0.8), and actigraphy-based MSFscacti and SJLrelacti showed high temporal variability (test-retest R ~ 0.45). Concerning required recording length, features estimated from recordings with 3-week and longer observation periods had sufficient predictive power on unseen data. Additionally, our data showed that the subjectively reported extremes of the MEQ, MCTQ-MSFsc, and MCTQ-SJLrel are commonly overestimated compared to objective activity peak and middle of sleep differences measured by actigraphy. Such difference may be associated with chronotype time-variation. As actigraphy is considered accurate in sleep-wake cycle detection, we conclude that actigraphy-based chronotyping is appropriate for large-scale studies, especially where higher temporal variability in chronotype is expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Schneider
- Applied Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Fárková
- Applied Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Eduard Bakštein
- Applied Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Abstract
The long-term impact of seasonal regulation of clocks (Daylight Saving Time) is analyzed showing that it helped to mitigate the advance of the phase of human activity during the twentieth century and the exposure to the hours of the dawn in winter. The increased risks induced by circadian misalignment around transition dates are balanced by a better alignment of social clocks to the natural day in summer and in winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Martín-Olalla
- Facultad de Física, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Cook I, Mohlabe M, Alberts M. Descriptive epidemiology of objectively-measured, free-living sleep parameters in a rural African setting. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:310. [PMID: 32611438 PMCID: PMC7329391 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the descriptive nature of objectively-measured, free-living sleep quantity and quality, and the relationship to adiposity, in a rural African setting in 145 adults (≥ 40 years, female: n = 104, male: n = 41). Wrist-mounted, triaxial accelerometry data was collected over 9 days. Measures of sleep quantity and quality, and physical activity were extracted from valid minute-by-minute data. Adiposity indices were body-mass-index, waist circumference and conicity index. Self-reported data included behavioural, health and socio-demographic variables. Community consultation followed the quantitative data analyses, for validation and interpretation of findings. RESULTS Females had more nocturnal sleep than males (7.2 vs. 6.8 h/night, p = 0.0464) while males recorded more diurnal sleep time (p = 0.0290). Wake after sleep onset and number of awakenings were higher in females, and sleep efficiency was higher in males (p ≤ 0.0225). Sleep indices were generally similar between weekdays and weekends, except for sleep fragmentation index (p = 0.0458). Sleep quantity, but not sleep quality was independently and inversely associated with adiposity (p = 0.0453). Physical activity and morbidity measures were significantly and consistently associated with sleep and adiposity measures (p < 0.0458). The preliminary qualitative data suggests that future studies should include more detailed data around contextual issues of sleep (social, cultural, economic, environment).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Cook
- Physical Activity Epidemiology Laboratory (EDST), University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), Sovenga, PO Box X1106, Limpopo, 0727, South Africa.
| | - Matlawa Mohlabe
- Department of Pathology and Medical Sciences, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), Sovenga, Limpopo, South Africa
| | - Marianne Alberts
- Department of Pathology and Medical Sciences, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), Sovenga, Limpopo, South Africa
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Refinetti R. Chronotype Variability and Patterns of Light Exposure of a Large Cohort of United States Residents. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 92:179-186. [PMID: 31249478 PMCID: PMC6585522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Chronotype (i.e., disposition for activity early or late in the day) has traditionally been measured with questionnaires. A few studies with small sample sizes have also been conducted using actigraphy devices. In the present study, analysis was conducted of the daily pattern of activity of 1887 United States residents who wore actigraphy devices for a whole week. The devices also recorded the participants' exposure to light. As determined by cosinor analysis, the mean pattern of ambulatory activity exhibited robust 24-hour oscillation with a peak at 14:48. On average, participants went to sleep 2 minutes before midnight and woke up at 07:43. The distribution of chronotypes (defined as the midpoint of sleep) had a mean of 03:50, and 95% of all chronotypes were between 01:00 and 07:00. The mean duration of exposure to bright daylight was 3.57 hours per day. Duration of daily exposure to bright light was moderately but significantly correlated with chronotype (r = -0.18). The acrophase of the rhythm of exposure to bright light was significantly correlated with chronotype (r = 0.27) and with the acrophase of the activity rhythm (r = 0.36). Chronotype did not vary with the seasons, but exposure to bright light was longer in summer and spring than in winter and fall. These results confirmed chronotype findings from actigraphic studies with smaller sample sizes, endorsed their equivalence to the results of questionnaire studies, and confirmed and extended previous observations that urban dwellers have limited daily exposure to sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Refinetti
- To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Dr. R. Refinetti, Circadian Rhythm Laboratory, Department of Psychological Science, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725; Tel: 208-426-4117, Fax: 208-426-4386,
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Souza RT, Cecatti JG, Mayrink J, Galvão RB, Costa ML, Feitosa F, Rocha Filho E, Leite DF, Vettorazzi J, Tedesco RP, Santana DS, Souza JP. Identification of earlier predictors of pregnancy complications through wearable technologies in a Brazilian multicentre cohort: Maternal Actigraphy Exploratory Study I (MAES-I) study protocol. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e023101. [PMID: 31005906 PMCID: PMC6500316 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-invasive tools capable of identifying predictors of maternal complications would be a step forward for improving maternal and perinatal health. There is an association between modification in physical activity (PA) and sleep-wake patterns and the occurrence of inflammatory, metabolic, pathological conditions related to chronic diseases. The actigraphy device is validated to estimate PA and sleep-wake patterns among pregnant women. In order to extend the window of opportunity to prevent, diagnose and treat specific maternal conditions, would it be possible to use actigraphy data to identify risk factors for the development of adverse maternal outcomes during pregnancy? METHODS AND ANALYSIS A cohort will be held in five centres from the Brazilian Network for Studies on Reproductive and Perinatal Health. Maternal Actigraphy Exploratory Study I (MAES-I) will enrol 400 low-risk nulliparous women who will wear the actigraphy device on their wrists day and night (24 hours/day) uninterruptedly from 19 to 21 weeks until childbirth. Changes in PA and sleep-wake patterns will be analysed throughout pregnancy, considering ranges in gestational age in women with and without maternal complications such as pre-eclampsia, preterm birth (spontaneous or provider-initiated), gestational diabetes, maternal haemorrhage during pregnancy, in addition to perinatal outcomes. The plan is to design a predictive model using actigraphy data for screening pregnant women at risk of developing specific adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION MAES-I has been reviewed and approved by each institutional review board and also by the National Council for Ethics in Research. Detailed information about the study is provided in the Brazilian Cohort website (www.medscinet.com/samba) and findings will be published in the scientific literature and institutional webpages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato T Souza
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Jussara Mayrink
- Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rafael Bessa Galvão
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Maria Laura Costa
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Francisco Feitosa
- Maternidade Escola, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Debora F Leite
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Janete Vettorazzi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ricardo P Tedesco
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine of Jundiai, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Danielly S Santana
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Joao Paulo Souza
- Social Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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Oniszczenko W, Stanisławiak E. Association between sex and body mass index as mediated by temperament in a nonclinical adult sample. Eat Weight Disord 2019; 24:291-298. [PMID: 30448969 PMCID: PMC6441449 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-0617-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between sex and body mass index (BMI) as mediated by the temperament traits postulated by the regulative theory of temperament. METHODS A group of 317 subjects, including 122 men and 195 women 18-82 years old (M = 31.93; SD = 12.64 years), was recruited from the general population to participate in the study. A cross-sectional design was applied in this study. Temperament was assessed using the formal characteristics of behaviour-temperament inventory revised version (FCB-TIR). In the sample, BMIs ranged from 16.51 to 35.56 kg/m2 (M = 23.31 kg/m2; SD = 3.61 kg/m2). RESULTS The male group had significantly higher BMI, briskness and endurance levels and significantly lower perseveration, sensory sensitivity and emotional reactivity levels compared to the female group. No significant differences between these groups were noted in terms of activity and rhythmicity. The correlations between BMI and briskness and between BMI and endurance were positive, while the correlations between BMI and perseveration and between BMI and activity were negative. The correlations among BMI, sensory sensitivity, emotional reactivity and rhythmicity were not statistically significant. The mediation analysis showed that briskness and endurance were significant partial mediators of the relationship between sex and BMI. CONCLUSIONS Sex and two temperament traits, briskness and endurance, were the best predictors of BMI. Briskness and endurance partially mediated the relationship between sex and BMI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Descriptive cross-sectional study. Level V.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Stanisławiak
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Finance and Management, Pawia 55, 01-030, Warsaw, Poland
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Vitale JA, Banfi G, Sias M, La Torre A. Athletes' rest-activity circadian rhythm differs in accordance with the sport discipline. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:578-586. [PMID: 30760036 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1569673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The correct expression of circadian rhythmicity is crucial for the body homeostasis. The rest-activity circadian rhythms (RARs) are involved in the control of the sleep-wake cycle and altered RARs could lead to a compromised health status. Many studies focused on examining sleep behavior and circadian rhythms in physically active subjects or athletes but, unexpectedly, no data on RARs are available. Therefore, we studied the existence of the RAR in athletes and the possible difference in RAR's characteristics among sport disciplines. The study had a prospective observational design and RARs were recorded for five consecutive training days through actigraphy (Actiwatch 2 actigraph; Philips Respironics, OR, USA) in 43 athletes (mean age: 25.6 ± 3.2 years). Athletes competed in three different disciplines and had different training schedules and competition levels: professional triathletes (N = 10; 6 females and 4 males) had 2 morning (08:30-12:00) and 1 afternoon (15:00-17:00) training sessions, professional volleyball players (N = 19; 12 females and 7 males) used to train once in the morning (09:00-11:30) and once in the afternoon (15:00-18:00), and non-professional soccer players (N = 14; all males) trained always late in the evening (20:30-22:30). To determine the existence of RARs, the activity counts (A.C.) data were analyzed using the single and the population mean cosinor method; a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey-Kramer post-hoc test was used for the comparison of RAR characteristics among soccer, volleyball and triathlon athletes. Partial eta squared (ήp2) was used to determine the magnitude of the effect for significant outcomes (α = 0.05) in ANOVA. The presence of a significant RAR both for each of the 43 athletes (p < 0.001) and for the three categories of athletes (p < 0.001) was observed. RARs differed among sport disciplines: the Midline Estimating Statistic of Rhythm (MESOR) was significantly higher in triathletes (mean: 347 A.C. with 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 314-379) compared to both volleyball (mean: 188 A.C. with 95% CI: 173-203; p < 0.001) and soccer players (mean: 289 A.C. with 95% CI: 267-312; p < 0.01) with ήp2 = 0.72. Amplitude (A) values showed the same significant trend of MESOR data (ANOVA: p < 0.001; ήp2 = 0.65) while the acrophase (Φ) occurred at 18:28 for soccer players, significantly later than triathlon (15:20 h; p < 0.001) and volleyball players (16:24 h; p < 0.001) (ANOVA: p < 0.001; ήp2 = 0.84). The higher training duration and intensity reached by triathlon athletes in the morning sessions caused a phase advance of their RAR's acrophase Φ and higher MESOR and A amplitude compared to volleyball players and triathletes. Therefore, different sport disciplines require different training schedules, training loads and intensities that translate into different RARs. Strength coaches and medical staff of professional teams should strongly consider actigraphy as a practical and powerful tool to monitor RARs, sleep behavior, and the activity levels of their athletes; highlighting potential circadian disruptions through actigraphy could be helpful to prevent musculoskeletal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- a IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi , Milan , Italy.,b Vita-Salute San Raffaele University , Milan , Italy
| | - Marco Sias
- c Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Antonio La Torre
- a IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi , Milan , Italy.,c Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
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Refinetti R, Earle G, Kenagy G. Exploring determinants of behavioral chronotype in a diurnal-rodent model of human physiology. Physiol Behav 2019; 199:146-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Associations between sleep parameters, non-communicable diseases, HIV status and medications in older, rural South Africans. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17321. [PMID: 30470764 PMCID: PMC6251877 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35584-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of the Health and Aging in Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa (HAALSI), we investigated sleep habits and their interactions with HIV or non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in 5059 participants (median age: 61, interquartile range: 52—71, 54% females). Self-reported sleep duration was 8.2 ± 1.6h, and bed and rise times were 20:48 ± 1:15 and 05:31 ± 1:05 respectively. Ratings of insufficient sleep were associated with older age, lack of formal education, unemployment, and obesity (p < 0.05). Ratings of restless sleep were associated with being older, female, having more education, being unemployed, and single. Hypertension was associated with shorter self-reported sleep duration, poor sleep quality, restless sleep, and periods of stopping breathing during the night (p < 0.05). HIV positive individuals not on antiretroviral treatment (ART) reported more nocturnal awakenings than those on ART (p = 0.029) and HIV negative individuals (p = 0.024), suggesting a negative net effect of untreated infection, but not of ART, on sleep quality. In this cohort, shorter, poor-quality sleep was associated with hypertension, but average self-reported sleep duration was longer than reported in other regions globally. It remains to be determined whether this is particular to this cohort, South Africa in general, or low- to middle-income countries undergoing transition.
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Dugas LR, Lie L, Plange-Rhule J, Bedu-Addo K, Bovet P, Lambert EV, Forrester TE, Luke A, Gilbert JA, Layden BT. Gut microbiota, short chain fatty acids, and obesity across the epidemiologic transition: the METS-Microbiome study protocol. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:978. [PMID: 30081857 PMCID: PMC6090745 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5879-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While some of the variance observed in adiposity and weight change within populations can be accounted for by traditional risk factors, a new factor, the gut microbiota, has recently been associated with obesity. However, the causal mechanisms through which the gut microbiota and its metabolites, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) influence obesity are unknown, as are the individual obesogenic effects of the individual SCFAs (butyrate, acetate and propionate). This study, METS-Microbiome, proposes to examine the influence of novel risk factors, the gut microbiota and SCFAs, on obesity, adiposity and weight change in an international established cohort spanning the epidemiologic transition. METHODS The parent study; Modeling the Epidemiologic Transition Study (METS) is a well-established and ongoing prospective cohort study designed to assess the association between body composition, physical activity, and relative weight, weight gain and cardiometabolic disease risk in five diverse population-based samples in 2500 people of African descent. The cohort has been prospectively followed since 2009. Annual measures of obesity risk factors, including body composition, objectively measured physical activity and dietary intake, components which vary across the spectrum of social and economic development. In our new study; METS-Microbiome, in addition to continuing yearly measures of obesity risk, we will also measure gut microbiota and stool SCFAs in all contactable participants, and follow participants for a further 3 years, thus providing one of the largest gut microbiota population-based studies to date. DISCUSSION This new study capitalizes upon an existing, extensively well described cohort of adults of African-origin, with significant variability as a result of the widespread geographic distributions, and therefore variation in the environmental covariate exposures. The METS-Microbiome study will substantially advance the understanding of the role gut microbiota and SCFAs play in the development of obesity and provide novel obesity therapeutic targets targeting SCFAs producing features of the gut microbiota. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered NCT03378765 Date first posted: December 20, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara R. Dugas
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. 1st Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153 USA
| | - Louise Lie
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. 1st Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153 USA
| | - Jacob Plange-Rhule
- Department of Physiology, SMS, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kweku Bedu-Addo
- Department of Physiology, SMS, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Pascal Bovet
- Institute of Social & Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ministry of Health, Republic of Seychelles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Estelle V. Lambert
- Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Terrence E. Forrester
- Solutions for Developing Countries, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston Jamaica
| | - Amy Luke
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. 1st Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153 USA
| | - Jack A. Gilbert
- Microbiome Center, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Brian T. Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
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External validation of a collar-mounted triaxial accelerometer for second-by-second monitoring of eight behavioural states in dogs. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188481. [PMID: 29186154 PMCID: PMC5706712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of disease by an animal owner may motivate them to seek early veterinary advice. Presentation before a more advanced clinical manifestation is evident could lead to more effective treatment and thus benefit the animal’s health and welfare. Accelerometers are able to detect changes in specific activities or behaviours, thus indicating early signs of possible adverse health events. The objective of this validation study was to determine whether the detection of eight behavioural states: walk, trot, canter/gallop, sleep, static/inactive, eat, drink, and headshake, by an accelerometer device was sufficiently accurate to be useful in a clinical setting. This fully independent external validation estimated the accuracy of a specific triaxial, collar-mounted accelerometer on a second-by second basis in 51 healthy dogs of different breeds, aged between 6 months and 13 years, weighing >10 kg. The overall diagnostic effectiveness was estimated as: % record correctly classified of > 95% in walk, trot, canter/gallop, eat, drink and headshake and >90% in sleep and static/inactive. The positive predictive values ranged from 93–100%, while the negative predictive values ranged from 96–100%, with exception of static/inactive (86%).This was probably because dogs were placed in unfamiliar kennels where they did not exhibit their typical resting behaviour. The device is worn on a collar, making its use feasible for anyone wanting to monitor their dog’s behaviour. The high accuracy in detecting various kinds of behaviour appears promising in assessing canine health and welfare states.
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Mitchell JA, Quante M, Godbole S, James P, Hipp JA, Marinac CR, Mariani S, Cespedes Feliciano EM, Glanz K, Laden F, Wang R, Weng J, Redline S, Kerr J. Variation in actigraphy-estimated rest-activity patterns by demographic factors. Chronobiol Int 2017. [PMID: 28650674 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1337032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rest-activity patterns provide an indication of circadian rhythmicity in the free-living setting. We aimed to describe the distributions of rest-activity patterns in a sample of adults and children across demographic variables. A sample of adults (N = 590) and children (N = 58) wore an actigraph on their nondominant wrist for 7 days and nights. We generated rest-activity patterns from cosinor analysis (MESOR, acrophase and magnitude) and nonparametric circadian rhythm analysis (IS: interdaily stability; IV: intradaily variability; L5: least active 5-hour period; M10: most active 10-hour period; and RA: relative amplitude). Demographic variables included age, sex, race, education, marital status, and income. Linear mixed-effects models were used to test for demographic differences in rest-activity patterns. Adolescents, compared to younger children, had (1) later M10 midpoints (β = 1.12 hours [95% CI: 0.43, 1.18] and lower M10 activity levels; (2) later L5 midpoints (β = 1.6 hours [95% CI: 0.9, 2.3]) and lower L5 activity levels; (3) less regular rest-activity patterns (lower IS and higher IV); and 4) lower magnitudes (β = -0.95 [95% CI: -1.28, -0.63]) and relative amplitudes (β = -0.1 [95% CI: -0.14, -0.06]). Mid-to-older adults, compared to younger adults (aged 18-29 years), had (1) earlier M10 midpoints (β = -1.0 hours [95% CI: -1.6, -0.4]; (2) earlier L5 midpoints (β = -0.7 hours [95% CI: -1.2, -0.2]); and (3) more regular rest-activity patterns (higher IS and lower IV). The magnitudes and relative amplitudes were similar across the adult age categories. Sex, race and education level rest-activity differences were also observed. Rest-activity patterns vary across the lifespan, and differ by race, sex and education. Understanding population variation in these patterns provides a foundation for further elucidating the health implications of rest-activity patterns across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Mitchell
- a Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition , Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,b Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Mirja Quante
- c Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology , Brigham & Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,d Department of Neonatology , University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Suneeta Godbole
- e Department of Family Medicine & Public Health , University of California, San Diego , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Peter James
- f Channing Division of Network Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,g Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA
| | - J Aaron Hipp
- h Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, Center for Geospatial Analytics, and Center for Human Health and the Environment , NC State University , Raleigh , NC , USA
| | | | - Sara Mariani
- c Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology , Brigham & Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | | | - Karen Glanz
- k Perelman School of Medicine and School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Francine Laden
- f Channing Division of Network Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,g Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Rui Wang
- c Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology , Brigham & Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Jia Weng
- c Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology , Brigham & Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Susan Redline
- c Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology , Brigham & Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,l Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Jacqueline Kerr
- e Department of Family Medicine & Public Health , University of California, San Diego , San Diego , CA , USA
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Randler C. Chronotype correlates with developmental index, intelligence and academic achievement: A study based on nationwide indicators. Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:985-992. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1332070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Dugas LR, Kliethermes S, Plange-Rhule J, Tong L, Bovet P, Forrester TE, Lambert EV, Schoeller DA, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Shoham DA, Cao G, Brage S, Ekelund U, Cooper RS, Luke A. Accelerometer-measured physical activity is not associated with two-year weight change in African-origin adults from five diverse populations. PeerJ 2017; 5:e2902. [PMID: 28133575 PMCID: PMC5251933 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing population-levels of physical activity (PA) is a controversial strategy for managing the obesity epidemic, given the conflicting evidence for weight loss from PA alone per se. We measured PA and weight change in a three-year prospective cohort study in young adults from five countries (Ghana, South Africa, Jamaica, Seychelles and USA). Methods A total of 1,944 men and women had baseline data, and at least 1 follow-up examination including measures of anthropometry (weight/BMI), and objective PA (accelerometer, 7-day) following the three-year study period. PA was explored as 1-minute bouts of moderate and vigorous PA (MVPA) as well as daily sedentary time. Results At baseline; Ghanaian and South African men had the lowest body weights (63.4 ± 9.5, 64.9 ± 11.8 kg, respectively) and men and women from the USA the highest (93.6 ± 25.9, 91.7 ± 23.4 kg, respectively). Prevalence of normal weight ranged from 85% in Ghanaian men to 29% in USA men and 52% in Ghanaian women to 15% in USA women. Over the two-year follow-up period, USA men and Jamaican women experienced the smallest yearly weight change rate (0.1 ± 3.3 kg/yr; −0.03 ± 3.0 kg/yr, respectively), compared to South African men and Ghanaian women greatest yearly change (0.6.0 ± 3.0 kg/yr; 1.22 ± 2.6 kg/yr, respectively). Mean yearly weight gain tended to be larger among normal weight participants at baseline than overweight/obese at baseline. Neither baseline MVPA nor sedentary time were associated with weight gain. Using multiple linear regression, only baseline weight, age and gender were significantly associated with weight gain. Discussion From our study it is not evident that higher volumes of PA alone are protective against future weight gain, and by deduction our data suggest that other environmental factors such as the food environment may have a more critical role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara R Dugas
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago , Maywood , IL , United States
| | - Stephanie Kliethermes
- Department of Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison , Madison , WI , United States
| | - Jacob Plange-Rhule
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology , Kumasi , Ghana
| | - Liping Tong
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago , Maywood , IL , United States
| | - Pascal Bovet
- Institute of Social & Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, VD, Switzerland; Ministry of Health, Victoria, Republic of Seychelles
| | - Terrence E Forrester
- Solutions for Developing Countries, University of West Indies, Mona , Kingston , Jamaica
| | - Estelle V Lambert
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Dale A Schoeller
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison , Madison , WI , United States
| | - Ramon A Durazo-Arvizu
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago , Maywood , IL , United States
| | - David A Shoham
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago , Maywood , IL , United States
| | - Guichan Cao
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago , Maywood , IL , United States
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegion School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Richard S Cooper
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago , Maywood , IL , United States
| | - Amy Luke
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago , Maywood , IL , United States
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Latitude affects Morningness-Eveningness: evidence for the environment hypothesis based on a systematic review. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39976. [PMID: 28045131 PMCID: PMC5206670 DOI: 10.1038/srep39976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Morningness-eveningness (M/E) is an individual trait related to a person’s sleep-wake cycle and preference for morning or evening hours. The “environment hypothesis” suggests that M/E is dependent on environmental factors, such as latitude, mean average temperature and photoperiod. We here analyzed a large number of datasets to assess this effect based on a systematic review. Data were from a total of 87 datasets and 35,589 individuals based on 28 countries. Partial correlations correcting for age revealed significant relationships between M/E and latitude, mean yearly temperature, photoperiod and sunset. Evening orientation was related to higher latitude, longer days and later sunset. Morning orientation was related to higher average temperatures. Percentage of females and sunrise time had no significant influence. These variables (sunset, temperature, photoperiod) were then input in a general linear model. The full model showed an influence of age and of sunset on CSM scores, but not of photoperiod and average temperature. Sunset, therefore, seems to be the most important statistical predictor for the observed latitudinal gradient.
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Yue Xu S, Nelson S, Kerr J, Godbole S, Patterson R, Merchant G, Abramson I, Staudenmayer J, Natarajan L. Statistical approaches to account for missing values in accelerometer data: Applications to modeling physical activity. Stat Methods Med Res 2016; 27:1168-1186. [PMID: 27405327 DOI: 10.1177/0962280216657119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity is a recognized risk factor for many chronic diseases. Accelerometers are increasingly used as an objective means to measure daily physical activity. One challenge in using these devices is missing data due to device nonwear. We used a well-characterized cohort of 333 overweight postmenopausal breast cancer survivors to examine missing data patterns of accelerometer outputs over the day. Based on these observed missingness patterns, we created psuedo-simulated datasets with realistic missing data patterns. We developed statistical methods to design imputation and variance weighting algorithms to account for missing data effects when fitting regression models. Bias and precision of each method were evaluated and compared. Our results indicated that not accounting for missing data in the analysis yielded unstable estimates in the regression analysis. Incorporating variance weights and/or subject-level imputation improved precision by >50%, compared to ignoring missing data. We recommend that these simple easy-to-implement statistical tools be used to improve analysis of accelerometer data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Yue Xu
- 1 Department of Mathematics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Sandahl Nelson
- 2 Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, USA.,3 Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Jacqueline Kerr
- 3 Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, USA.,4 Moores UC San Diego Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, USA.,5 Center for Wireless and Population Health Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Suneeta Godbole
- 5 Center for Wireless and Population Health Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Ruth Patterson
- 3 Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, USA.,4 Moores UC San Diego Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Gina Merchant
- 5 Center for Wireless and Population Health Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Ian Abramson
- 1 Department of Mathematics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - John Staudenmayer
- 6 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
| | - Loki Natarajan
- 3 Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, USA.,4 Moores UC San Diego Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, USA
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Refinetti R, Wassmer T, Basu P, Cherukalady R, Pandey VK, Singaravel M, Giannetto C, Piccione G. Variability of behavioral chronotypes of 16 mammalian species under controlled conditions. Physiol Behav 2016; 161:53-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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