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Ma F, Yuan M, Kozak I. Multispectral imaging: Review of current applications. Surv Ophthalmol 2023; 68:889-904. [PMID: 37321478 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Multispectral imaging (MSI) is a unique layer-by-layer imaging technique that allows the visualization of a wide array of retinal and choroidal pathologies including retinovascular disorders, retinal pigment epithelial changes, and choroidal lesions. Herein, we summarize the basic imaging principles and current applications of MSI together with recent technology advances in the field. MSI detects reflectance signal from both normal chorioretinal tissue and pathological lesions. Either hyperreflectance or hyporeflectance reveals the absorption activity of pigments such as hemoglobin and melanin and the reflection from interfaces such as the posterior hyaloid. Advances in MSI technique include creation of a retinal and choroidal oxy-deoxy map that could provide a better understanding of blood oxygen saturation within lesions as well as better interpretation of reflectance phenomenon of MSI images such as the different reflectance from the Sattler and Haller layers described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Ma
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Ophthalmology Department, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Mingzhen Yuan
- Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University, Ophthalmology Department, Beijing, China
| | - Igor Kozak
- Moorfields Eye Hospitals UAE, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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2
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Fürtjes G, Reinecke D, von Spreckelsen N, Meißner AK, Rueß D, Timmer M, Freudiger C, Ion-Margineanu A, Khalid F, Watrinet K, Mawrin C, Chmyrov A, Goldbrunner R, Bruns O, Neuschmelting V. Intraoperative microscopic autofluorescence detection and characterization in brain tumors using stimulated Raman histology and two-photon fluorescence. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1146031. [PMID: 37234975 PMCID: PMC10207900 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1146031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The intrinsic autofluorescence of biological tissues interferes with the detection of fluorophores administered for fluorescence guidance, an emerging auxiliary technique in oncological surgery. Yet, autofluorescence of the human brain and its neoplasia is sparsely examined. This study aims to assess autofluorescence of the brain and its neoplasia on a microscopic level by stimulated Raman histology (SRH) combined with two-photon fluorescence. Methods With this experimentally established label-free microscopy technique unprocessed tissue can be imaged and analyzed within minutes and the process is easily incorporated in the surgical workflow. In a prospective observational study, we analyzed 397 SRH and corresponding autofluorescence images of 162 samples from 81 consecutive patients that underwent brain tumor surgery. Small tissue samples were squashed on a slide for imaging. SRH and fluorescence images were acquired with a dual wavelength laser (790 nm and 1020 nm) for excitation. In these images tumor and non-tumor regions were identified by a convolutional neural network that reliably differentiates between tumor, healthy brain tissue and low quality SRH images. The identified areas were used to define regions.of- interests (ROIs) and the mean fluorescence intensity was measured. Results In healthy brain tissue, we found an increased mean autofluorescence signal in the gray (11.86, SD 2.61, n=29) compared to the white matter (5.99, SD 5.14, n=11, p<0.01) and in the cerebrum (11.83, SD 3.29, n=33) versus the cerebellum (2.82, SD 0.93, n=7, p<0.001), respectively. The signal of carcinoma metastases, meningiomas, gliomas and pituitary adenomas was significantly lower (each p<0.05) compared to the autofluorescence in the cerebrum and dura, and significantly higher (each p<0.05) compared to the cerebellum. Melanoma metastases were found to have a higher fluorescent signal (p<0.01) compared to cerebrum and cerebellum. Discussion In conclusion we found that autofluorescence in the brain varies depending on the tissue type and localization and differs significantly among various brain tumors. This needs to be considered for interpreting photon signal during fluorescence-guided brain tumor surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Fürtjes
- Department of General Neurosurgery, Center of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Medizinische Fakultät and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - David Reinecke
- Department of General Neurosurgery, Center of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Niklas von Spreckelsen
- Department of General Neurosurgery, Center of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna-Katharina Meißner
- Department of General Neurosurgery, Center of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniel Rueß
- Department of Stereotaxy and Functional Neurosurgery, Center of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marco Timmer
- Department of General Neurosurgery, Center of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Christian Mawrin
- University Hospital Magdeburg, Institute of Neuropathology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andriy Chmyrov
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Medizinische Fakultät and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Roland Goldbrunner
- Department of General Neurosurgery, Center of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Bruns
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Medizinische Fakultät and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Volker Neuschmelting
- Department of General Neurosurgery, Center of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Framme C, Junker B, Feltgen N, Hoerauf H, Striebe NA, Wachtlin J, Volkmann I. [Avoiding mistakes in anti-VEGF intravitreal injection therapy]. Ophthalmologe 2022; 119:309-326. [PMID: 35029746 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-021-01553-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Intravitreal injection (IVI) of drugs for treatment of various macular diseases is now one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures worldwide. As mostly chronic diseases are treated, the indications for treatment often mean a continuous treatment over years with a corresponding effort regarding spatial, personnel and financial resources. The diagnosis and indications for treatment are nowadays mainly made by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The ability to clinically assess and evaluate a fluorescence angiography is less practiced, although these are still a component of the indications for intravitreal injections. Therefore, it can happen that despite all diligence patients may receive anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment, sometimes permanently, based on a misinterpretation of the macular diagnosis or disease activity and these indications, once made, are rarely questioned or retracted. Therefore, the aim of this manuscript is to point out possible and typical misinterpretations in the indications or continuation of IVI treatment with anti-VEGF by means of case studies and to sensitize for differential diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Framme
- Universitäts-Augenklinik, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30652, Hannover, Deutschland.
| | - Bernd Junker
- Universitäts-Augenklinik, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30652, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - Nicolas Feltgen
- Augenklinik der Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - Hans Hoerauf
- Augenklinik der Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Deutschland
| | | | - Joachim Wachtlin
- Augenklinik St. Gertrauden-Krankenhaus, Berlin, Deutschland.,MHB, Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg, Brandenburg, Deutschland
| | - Ingo Volkmann
- Universitäts-Augenklinik, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30652, Hannover, Deutschland
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4
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Sarkar H, Toms M, Moosajee M. Involvement of Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in RDH12-Related Retinopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168863. [PMID: 34445569 PMCID: PMC8396253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinol dehydrogenase 12 (RDH12) is expressed in photoreceptor inner segments and catalyses the reduction of all-trans retinal (atRAL) to all-trans retinol (atROL), as part of the visual cycle. Mutations in RDH12 are primarily associated with autosomal recessive Leber congenital amaurosis. To further our understanding of the disease mechanisms, HEK-293 cell lines expressing wildtype (WT) and mutant RDH12 were created. The WT cells afforded protection from atRAL-induced toxicity and oxidative stress. Mutant RDH12 cells displayed reduced protein expression and activity, with an inability to protect cells from atRAL toxicity, inducing oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, with upregulation of sXBP1, CHOP, and ATF4. Pregabalin, a retinal scavenger, attenuated atRAL-induced ER stress in the mutant RDH12 cell lines. A zebrafish rdh12 mutant model (rdh12u533 c.17_23del; p.(Val6AlafsTer5)) was generated through CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. Mutant fish showed disrupted phagocytosis through transmission electron microscopy, with increased phagosome size at 12 months post-fertilisation. Rhodopsin mislocalisation and reduced expression of atg12 and sod2 indicated early signs of a rod-predominant degeneration. A lack of functional RDH12 results in ER and oxidative stress representing key pathways to be targeted for potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajrah Sarkar
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (H.S.); (M.T.)
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Maria Toms
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (H.S.); (M.T.)
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (H.S.); (M.T.)
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Correspondence:
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Şahinoğlu Keşkek N, Şermet F. The Use of Fundus Autofluorescence in Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Turk J Ophthalmol 2021; 51:169-176. [PMID: 34187152 PMCID: PMC8251671 DOI: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2020.49107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) has been a well-known imaging method for quite some time. However, with developing technologies and novel imaging devices, FAF is being used more often to diagnose and monitor retinal diseases. The density of lipofuscin (LF) and other fluorophores in the retina have a determining role in FAF images. In dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), hyperautofluorescence is seen in cases of increasing LF in the retina pigment epithelium, whereas hypoautofluorescence is detected in decreasing LF resulting from geographic atrophy. In recent years, studies have shown that FAF images provide prognostic information in patients with AMD. This review aims to highlight the importance of FAF imaging in dry AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedime Şahinoğlu Keşkek
- Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Adana Training and Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Adana, Turkey
| | - Figen Şermet
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara, Turkey
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Yan Y, Ludwig CA, Liao YJ. Multimodal Imaging Features of Optic Disc Drusen. Am J Ophthalmol 2021; 225:18-26. [PMID: 33485838 PMCID: PMC10710938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify key en face multimodal imaging features of optic disc drusen (ODD). DESIGN Retrospective cross-sectional study. METHODS Setting: a single academic center. Patient orStudyPopulation: 786 patients (10-82 years of age) with diagnostic codes for optic disc drusen (ODD) in clinical notes extracted using natural language processing. Intervention orObservationProcedures: color fundus imaging, green-light and blue-light fundus autofluorescence (FAF), near-infrared reflectance (NIR), and enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). MainOutcomeMeasurements: Ophthalmic imaging characteristics and sensitivity of en face imaging compared with EDI-OCT. RESULTS A total of 38 patients (61 eyes) had high-quality EDI-OCT scans and en face multimodal imaging. Green-light FAF imaging had the highest diagnostic sensitivity (96.8%) for ODD and showed homogeneous hyperautofluorescence, whereas blue-light FAF imaging had heterogeneous brightness, which helped differentiate superficial from deep ODD. Blue-light FAF (93.5%) and NIR (91.8%) imaging were also sensitive tests and revealed papillary and peripapillary features that were not well seen on green-light FAF, including the size and depth of ODD, morphology of the optic disc, and common ODD-associated structures such as horizontal hyper-reflective lines and peripapillary hyper-reflective ovoid mass-like structures (PHOMS). Color fundus imaging had the lowest sensitivity (82%). There was good inter-rater reliability for all en face imaging modalities (P < .0001 for all). CONCLUSIONS In en face imaging, green-light FAF had the highest sensitivity for the diagnosis of ODD, whereas blue-light FAF and NIR images provided more information regarding the severity, location, depth, and size of ODD. In eyes that are negative on green-light FAF, EDI-OCT should be performed and provides the highest-resolution characterization of the entire optic disc to assess or rule out ODD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cassie A Ludwig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yaping Joyce Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
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Navaratnam J, Salvanos P, Vavvas DG, Bragadóttir R. Ultra-widefield autofluorescence imaging findings in retinoschisis, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and combined retinoschisis retinal detachment. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 99:195-200. [PMID: 32602221 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Retinoschisis (RS), rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and combined RS retinal detachment (RSRD) may resemble clinically and pose a diagnostic challenge. This study investigates the role of the fundus autofluorescence (AF) in differentiating RS, RRD and RSRD. METHODS Fundus AF changes of 34 eyes diagnosed with RRD, 30 eyes with RS and 12 eyes with RSRD were retrospectively analysed. Ultra-widefield AF (UW-AF) image intensities obtained with the Optomap 200Tx were interpreted as hypo-, hyper- and isoautofluorescent or a mixed pattern with hypo- and hyperautofluorescence over and at the posterior margin (PM) of RRD, RS and RSRD. RESULTS All RS eyes revealed isoautofluorescence over the area of RS, and nine eyes (30%) showed hypoautofluorescent PM. Among RRD, acute (≤2 weeks) and chronic (>2 weeks) RRD demonstrated distinct AF characteristics. Sixty-two per cent of RRD eyes had acute RRD. From those, 16 eyes (76%) demonstrated hypoautofluorescence over the detached area and 19 (90%) eyes with hyperautofluorescent PM. Sixty-two per cent of chronic RRD eyes demonstrated isoautofluorecence over the detached area. Eight RSRD eyes (67%) revealed hyperautofluorescence in the detached area. The positive predictive value (PPV) for hypoautofluorescence over the area of subretinal fluid (SRF) in RRD was 95%. The PPV for hyperautofluorescence over the area of SRF in RSRD was 100% and for isoautofluorescence for schitic area in RSRD and RS was 76%. CONCLUSION The UW-AF can be a useful non-invasive adjuvant tool to distinguish between RRD, RS and RSRD. Hypo- or hyperautofluorescence over the area of interest and hyperautofluorescent PM indicates the presence of SRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesintha Navaratnam
- Department of Ophthalmology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Panagiotis Salvanos
- University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology Drammen Hospital Vestre Viken Hospital Trust Drammen Norway
| | - Demetrios G. Vavvas
- Department of Ophthalmology Retina Service Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Ragnheiður Bragadóttir
- Department of Ophthalmology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- University of Oslo Oslo Norway
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8
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Prenatal Zidovudine Treatment Modifies Early Development of Rat Osteoid - Confocal Microspectroscopy Analysis. J Fluoresc 2019; 29:1257-1263. [PMID: 31620936 PMCID: PMC6853851 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-019-02429-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Autofluorescence of the bone extracellular matrix (ECM) has not been widely explored although the ECM plays a very important role in bone development. In our research we focused on examining the bone matrix of very young animals due to the intense growth process during the first month of life. Structure images and fluorescence spectra of the bone surface were carried out using confocal fluorescence microscope Eclipse Ti-S inverted CLSM (NIKON, Japan) for compact tibia of healthy 7-, 14- and 28-day-old rat newborns after prenatal zidovudine administration in comparison with control. Spectral features of ECM autofluorescence were analyzed statistically by taking into consideration p < 0.05. The CLSM technique allows for simultaneous examination of the structure and autofluorescence from selected areas of the bone surface. Excessive autofluorescence of ECM after prenatal zidovudine administration influences bone growth incommensurably to the newborns’ age. Therefore the possibility of an additional non-enzymatic mechanism of collagen cross-linking in the first two weeks of life of newborn rats prenatally treated with zidovudine has been considered. Our results suggest that ECM autofluorescence can be an indicator of bone development in the normal and pathological state.
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9
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Navaratnam J, Bærland TP, Eide NA, Faber RT, Rekstad BL, Vavvas DG, Bragadóttir R. Fundus Autofluorescence Change as an Early Indicator of Treatment Effect of Brachytherapy for Choroidal Melanomas. Ocul Oncol Pathol 2019; 5:445-453. [PMID: 31768369 DOI: 10.1159/000499403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early confirmation of the effect of brachytherapy for choroidal melanoma showing that tumour coverage is valuable. The irradiated retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) commonly develops atrophy. This study compares the fundus autofluorescence (AF) changes to the development of RPE atrophy following brachytherapy. Methods Retrospective study of 19 patients treated with <sup>106</sup>Ru and 2 with <sup>125</sup>I plaques with either a 3- or 6-month follow-up period. Ultra-widefield (UW) composite colour and AF images were obtained with Optomap 200Tx and interpreted as complete, partial, or no RPE changes and complete or partial hyperautofluorescence, hypoautofluorescence, or isoautofluorescence. Results At the 3-month follow-up, 9 of 13 patients (69%) (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.389-0.896) treated with <sup>106</sup>Ru plaques developed complete homogenous hyperautofluorescence surrounding the tumour, but only 1 of 13 (8%) (95% CI, 0.004-0.379) developed complete RPE atrophy at the same time point. Six patients in the <sup>106</sup>Ru plaque group had their first follow-up with UW imaging at 6 months. Four of them developed homogenous hyperautofluorescence and none developed complete RPE atrophy around the tumour. The 2 patients treated with <sup>125</sup>I did not demonstrate any clear RPE or AF changes. Conclusion The effect of <sup>106</sup>Ru plaque treatment on fundus UW imaging is detected as homogenous and well-demarcated hyperautofluorescence before visible RPE atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesintha Navaratnam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas P Bærland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils A Eide
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rowan T Faber
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bernt L Rekstad
- Department of Medical Physics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Demetrios G Vavvas
- Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ragnheiður Bragadóttir
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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10
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Konijnenberg E, Carter SF, Ten Kate M, den Braber A, Tomassen J, Amadi C, Wesselman L, Nguyen HT, van de Kreeke JA, Yaqub M, Demuru M, Mulder SD, Hillebrand A, Bouwman FH, Teunissen CE, Serné EH, Moll AC, Verbraak FD, Hinz R, Pendleton N, Lammertsma AA, van Berckel BNM, Barkhof F, Boomsma DI, Scheltens P, Herholz K, Visser PJ. The EMIF-AD PreclinAD study: study design and baseline cohort overview. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2018; 10:75. [PMID: 30075734 PMCID: PMC6091034 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Amyloid pathology is the pathological hallmark in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and can precede clinical dementia by decades. So far it remains unclear how amyloid pathology leads to cognitive impairment and dementia. To design AD prevention trials it is key to include cognitively normal subjects at high risk for amyloid pathology and to find predictors of cognitive decline in these subjects. These goals can be accomplished by targeting twins, with additional benefits to identify genetic and environmental pathways for amyloid pathology, other AD biomarkers, and cognitive decline. Methods From December 2014 to October 2017 we enrolled cognitively normal participants aged 60 years and older from the ongoing Manchester and Newcastle Age and Cognitive Performance Research Cohort and the Netherlands Twins Register. In Manchester we included single individuals, and in Amsterdam monozygotic twin pairs. At baseline, participants completed neuropsychological tests and questionnaires, and underwent physical examination, blood sampling, ultrasound of the carotid arteries, structural and resting state functional brain magnetic resonance imaging, and dynamic amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) scanning with [18F]flutemetamol. In addition, the twin cohort underwent lumbar puncture for cerebrospinal fluid collection, buccal cell collection, magnetoencephalography, optical coherence tomography, and retinal imaging. Results We included 285 participants, who were on average 74.8 ± 9.7 years old, 64% female. Fifty-eight participants (22%) had an abnormal amyloid PET scan. Conclusions A rich baseline dataset of cognitively normal elderly individuals has been established to estimate risk factors and biomarkers for amyloid pathology and future cognitive decline. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13195-018-0406-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elles Konijnenberg
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Amsterdam, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Stephen F Carter
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mara Ten Kate
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Amsterdam, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk den Braber
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Amsterdam, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Neuroscience Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jori Tomassen
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Amsterdam, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chinenye Amadi
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Linda Wesselman
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Amsterdam, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hoang-Ton Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacoba A van de Kreeke
- Department of Ophthalmology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maqsood Yaqub
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matteo Demuru
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Amsterdam, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra D Mulder
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Hillebrand
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke H Bouwman
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Amsterdam, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H Serné
- Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annette C Moll
- Department of Ophthalmology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank D Verbraak
- Department of Ophthalmology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Hinz
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Neil Pendleton
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Adriaan A Lammertsma
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart N M van Berckel
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institutes of Neurology & Healthcare Engineering, UCL, London, UK
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Neuroscience Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Amsterdam, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karl Herholz
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Amsterdam, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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11
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Lei L, Tzekov R, Li H, McDowell JH, Gao G, Smith WC, Tang S, Kaushal S. Inhibition or Stimulation of Autophagy Affects Early Formation of Lipofuscin-Like Autofluorescence in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cell. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040728. [PMID: 28353645 PMCID: PMC5412314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is dependent on the effectiveness of photoreceptor outer segment material degradation. This study explored the role of autophagy in the fate of RPE lipofuscin degradation. After seven days of feeding with either native or modified rod outer segments, ARPE-19 cells were treated with enhancers or inhibitors of autophagy and the autofluorescence was detected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Supplementation with different types of rod outer segments increased lipofuscin-like autofluorescence (LLAF) after the inhibition of autophagy, while the induction of autophagy (e.g., application of rapamycin) decreased LLAF. The effects of autophagy induction were further confirmed by Western blotting, which showed the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II, and by immunofluorescence microscopy, which detected the lysosomal activity of the autophagy inducers. We also monitored LLAF after the application of several autophagy inhibitors by RNA-interference and confocal microscopy. The results showed that, in general, the inhibition of the autophagy-related proteins resulted in an increase in LLAF when cells were fed with rod outer segments, which further confirms the effect of autophagy in the fate of RPE lipofuscin degradation. These results emphasize the complex role of autophagy in modulating RPE autofluorescence and confirm the possibility of the pharmacological clearance of RPE lipofuscin by small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No.54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou 510060, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Radouil Tzekov
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of South Florida, 13127 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA.
| | - Huapeng Li
- Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - J Hugh McDowell
- The Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida Health Science Center, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Guangping Gao
- Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - W Clay Smith
- The Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida Health Science Center, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Shibo Tang
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Floor 4, New Century Building, 198# Furong Middle Road, Changsha 410015, China.
| | - Shalesh Kaushal
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
- VRMI, 6205 NW 81st Drive, Gainesville, FL 32653, USA.
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12
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Samuelsson D, Sznage M, Engelsberg K, Wittström E. Clinical, optical coherence tomography, and fundus autofluorescence findings in patients with intraocular tumors. Clin Ophthalmol 2016; 10:1953-1964. [PMID: 27784984 PMCID: PMC5063485 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s109222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe clinical, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) findings in patients with intraocular tumors and determine if OCT and FAF could be helpful in the differential diagnosis and management of different choroidal tumors. METHODS Forty-nine patients with untreated, macular, midperipheral, and extrapapillary intraocular tumors were included. All patients underwent ophthalmic examination: best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, funduscopy, and standardized B mode, and if possible A mode, ultrasonography, and OCT and FAF imaging of the surface of the intraocular tumors. RESULTS Of the 49 patients studied, 19 had choroidal nevi, ten had indeterminate choroidal melanocytic lesions (IMLs), ten had malignant melanomas, and ten had other choroidal tumors. The choroidal nevi revealed subretinal fluid (SRF) on OCT in only 11%. FAF detected isoauto-fluorescence in 42%, hypoautofluorescence in 37%, patchy FAF pattern in 16%, and a diffuse FAF pattern in 5%. Seventy percent of patients with IML showed SRF on OCT and 20% showed tumor growth on follow-up, detected only by OCT and FAF imaging. FAF revealed a patchy pattern in 50% and a diffuse pattern in 40% of cases with IML. Ninety percent of the patients with choroidal melanoma had SRF on OCT and FAF revealed a patchy pattern in 60% and a diffuse pattern in 40%. Patients with other choroidal tumors had SRF on OCT in 30% of cases and no characteristic pattern on FAF. CONCLUSION Both OCT and FAF were helpful in the differential diagnosis of choroidal nevi versus IMLs, choroidal melanomas, and other choroidal tumors. Also, detailed and periodical clinical evaluation of patients with intraocular tumors using OCT and FAF imaging for the detection of both SRF and FAF patterns overlying the tumor can be useful for detection of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Samuelsson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Monika Sznage
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karl Engelsberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Wittström
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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13
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Nomura Y, Takahashi H, Tan X, Obata R, Yanagi Y. Widespread choroidal thickening and abnormal midperipheral fundus autofluorescence characterize exudative age-related macular degeneration with choroidal vascular hyperpermeability. Clin Ophthalmol 2015; 9:297-304. [PMID: 25709392 PMCID: PMC4334323 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s78210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the clinical findings that characterize exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with choroidal vascular hyperpermeability (CVH). Design Retrospective comparative study. Participants Forty-eight consecutive patients attending the outpatient clinic of Tokyo University Hospital between May 2013 and July 2013. Methods The presence or absence of CVH was determined with indocyanine green angiography performed at the latest visit. When CVH was observed, the eye was categorized as CVH(+) AMD, otherwise it was categorized as CVH(-) AMD. Using high-penetration optical coherence tomography, we measured choroidal thickness at the fovea and at four midperipheral areas (mean choroidal thickness at points on 6- and 9-papilla diameter circles superior, inferior, temporal, and nasal to the fovea). Ultrawide field retinal imaging was used to investigate abnormalities in midperipheral fundus autofluorescence (FAF). Choroidal thickness and the proportion of FAF abnormalities were compared between the CVH(+) AMD and CVH(−) AMD eyes and between eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and typical AMD. Multiple regression analysis was used to control for treatment history and other characteristics. Results CVH was observed in 17 cases. Choroidal thickness was higher in the CVH(+) AMD eyes than in the CVH(−) AMD eyes at the fovea (325 μm versus 229 μm, respectively; P=0.0010, t-test), superior point (277 μm versus 215 μm, respectively; P=0.0021, t-test), inferior point (225 μm versus 161 μm, respectively; P=0.0002, t-test), and nasal point (202 μm versus 165 μm, respectively; P=0.042, t-test). The significance was maintained after controlling for possible confounders. The choroid was thicker at the fovea and at the inferior point in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy than in typical AMD. The rate of midperipheral FAF abnormality was significantly higher in the CVH(+) AMD eyes than in the CVH(−) AMD eyes (82% versus 48%, respectively; P=0.031). Conclusion AMD with CVH is associated with widespread choroidal thickening and peripheral FAF abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Nomura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xue Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Obata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yanagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Şekeroğlu HT, Hismi B, Kadayifcilar S, Coskun T. Fundus autofluorescence and optical coherence tomography findings in glutathione synthetase deficiency. J AAPOS 2015; 19:80-2. [PMID: 25727596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report the autofluorescence pattern and optical coherence tomography (OCT) characteristics in a 6-year-old boy with glutathione synthetase deficiency. The patient underwent complete ophthalmological examination, including full-field electroretinography, visual evoked potentials, fundus autofluorescence, and OCT imaging. Electrophysiological studies showed time-delay and subnormal responses. Fundus autofluorescence imaging revealed increased parafoveal autofluorescence compared to normal, and OCT showed alteration of photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium layers in the parafoveal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Taylan Şekeroğlu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Burcu Hismi
- Division of Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel Kadayifcilar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Turgay Coskun
- Division of Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
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15
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Croce AC, Bottiroli G. Autofluorescence spectroscopy and imaging: a tool for biomedical research and diagnosis. Eur J Histochem 2014; 58:2461. [PMID: 25578980 PMCID: PMC4289852 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2014.2461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Native fluorescence, or autofluorescence (AF), consists in the emission of light in the UV-visible, near-IR spectral range when biological substrates are excited with light at suitable wavelength. This is a well-known phenomenon, and the strict relationship of many endogenous fluorophores with morphofunctional properties of the living systems, influencing their AF emission features, offers an extremely powerful resource for directly monitoring the biological substrate condition. Starting from the last century, the technological progresses in microscopy and spectrofluorometry were convoying attention of the scientific community to this phenomenon. In the future, the interest in the autofluorescence will certainly continue. Current instrumentation and analytical procedures will likely be overcome by the unceasing progress in new devices for AF detection and data interpretation, while a progress is expected in the search and characterization of endogenous fluorophores and their roles as intrinsic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Croce
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the National Research Council, University of Pavia.
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16
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Giulivi C. Grand challenges in cellular biochemistry: the "next-gen" biochemistry. Front Chem 2014; 2:22. [PMID: 24809045 PMCID: PMC4010732 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Giulivi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, DavisDavis, CA, USA
- Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute, University of California, DavisDavis, CA, USA
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17
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Macular optical coherence tomography findings and GPR143 mutations in patients with ocular albinism. Int Ophthalmol 2014; 34:1075-81. [PMID: 24526317 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-014-9912-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe macular findings using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in patients with ocular albinism (OA) and their carrier mothers, and to identify the frequency of GPR143 gene mutations in these patients. The study included five patients with a clinical diagnosis of OA. SD-OCT of the macular area was performed in both patients and their mothers. The anatomical characteristics of the macula and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), patterns of autofluorescence and infrared imaging were analyzed. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of the complete coding sequence of GPR 143 was performed and subsequently analyzed by direct sequencing in patients and their possible carrier mothers. SD-OCT images revealed the presence of inner retinal layers in the fovea, an abnormal disposition of the Henle layer and a lack of thickening in the perifoveal area. We found increased thickness in the RPE to the outer segment and in the outer segment to the outer nuclear layer that is associated with increased visual acuity. Autofluorescence images revealed an absence of normal hipoautofluorescence in the fovea. No changes were observed in the images of their carrier mothers. Mutation screening and sequence analysis of the GPR 143 gene revealed a novel pathological mutation in two patients. Abnormalities in the macula were observed in all patients. SD-OCT is a useful tool for the assessment of patients with OA. No changes were observed in the SD-OCT of carrier mothers. Only two patients had the GPR143 gene mutation.
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