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Ali F, Alom S, Ali SR, Kondoli B, Sadhu P, Borah C, Kakoti BB, Ghosh SK, Shakya A, Ahmed AB, Singh UP, Bhat HR. Ebselen: A Review on its Synthesis, Derivatives, Anticancer Efficacy and Utility in Combating SARS-COV-2. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:1203-1225. [PMID: 37711004 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230914103339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Ebselen is a selenoorganic chiral compound with antioxidant properties comparable to glutathione peroxidase. It is also known as 2-phenyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-one. In studies examining its numerous pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, and anti- Alzheimer's, ebselen has demonstrated promising results. This review's primary objective was to emphasize the numerous synthesis pathways of ebselen and their efficacy in fighting cancer. The data were collected from multiple sources, including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Publons. The starting reagents for the synthesis of ebselen are 2-aminobenzoic acid and N-phenyl benzamide. It was discovered that ebselen has the ability to initiate apoptosis in malignant cells and prevent the formation of new cancer cells by scavenging free radicals. In addition, ebselen increases tumor cell susceptibility to apoptosis by inhibiting TNF-α mediated NF-kB activation. Ebselen can inhibit both doxorubicin and daunorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Allopurinol and ebselen administered orally can be used to suppress renal ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Due to excessive administration, diclofenac can induce malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract, which ebselen can effectively suppress. Recent research has demonstrated ebselen to inhibit viral function by binding to cysteinecontaining catalytic domains of various viral proteases. It was discovered that ebselen could inhibit the catalytic dyad function of Mpro by forming an irreversible covalent bond between Se and Cys145, thereby altering protease function and inhibiting SARS-CoV-2. Ebselen may also inhibit the activation of endosomal NADPH oxidase of vascular endothelial cells, which is believed to be required for thrombotic complications in COVID-19. In this review, we have included various studies conducted on the anticancer effect of ebselen as well as its inhibition of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farak Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
- Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Tezpur Medical College and Hospital, Tezpur, Sonitpur Assam, 784501,India
| | - Shahnaz Alom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
- Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Tezpur Medical College and Hospital, Tezpur, Sonitpur Assam, 784501,India
| | - Sheikh Rezzak Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
| | - Biswanarayan Kondoli
- Department of Pharmacy, Tripura University, Suryamani Nagar, Agartala, Tripura 799022, India
| | - Prativa Sadhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
| | - Chinmoyee Borah
- Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781017, India
| | - Bibhuti Bushan Kakoti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
| | - Surajit Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
| | - Anshul Shakya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
| | - Abdul Baquee Ahmed
- Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science,Tezpur Medical College and Hospital, Tezpur, Sonitpur-784501, Assam, India
| | - Udaya Pratap Singh
- Drug Design & Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211007, India
| | - Hans Raj Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
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Durur-Subasi I, Kose D, Yayla M, Sirin B, Karaman A, Calik I, Alper F. Does the cardiovascular drug levosimendan prevent iodinated contrast medium nephrotoxicity with glycerol aggravation in rats? Eur Radiol Exp 2021; 5:49. [PMID: 34786647 PMCID: PMC8595362 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-021-00249-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated whether levosimendan prevents contrast medium nephrotoxicity with glycerol aggravation in rats. Methods Forty-eight Wistar albino rats were assigned to eight groups (n = 6 × 8). No medication was administered to group I (controls); glycerol (intramuscular injection of 25% glycerol, 10 mL/kg) group II; intravenous iohexol 10 mL/kg to group III; glycerol and iohexol to group IV; iohexol and intraperitoneal levosimendan 0.25 mg/kg to group V; glycerol, iohexol, and levosimendan 0.25 mg/kg to group VI; iohexol and levosimendan 0.5 mg/kg to group VII; and glycerol, iohexol, and levosimendan 0.5 mg/kg to group VIII. One-day water withdrawal and glycerol injection prompted renal damage; iohexol encouraged nephrotoxicity; levosimendan was administered 30 min after glycerol injection and continued on days 2, 3, and 4. The experiment was completed on day 5. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa ß (NFK-ß), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and histopathological marks were assessed. One-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple comparison tests were used. Results Levosimendan changed serum BUN (p = 0.012) and creatinine (p = 0.018), SOD (p = 0.026), GSH (p = 0.012), and MDA (p = 0.011). Levosimendan significantly downregulated TNF-α (p = 0.022), NFK-ß (p = 0.008), and IL-6 (p = 0.033). Histopathological marks of hyaline and haemorrhagic cast were improved in levosimendan-injected groups. Conclusion Levosimendan showed nephroprotective properties due to its vasodilator, oxidative distress decreasing and inflammatory cytokine preventing belongings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irmak Durur-Subasi
- Department of Radiology, International Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, TEM Avrupa Otoyolu, Goztepe Cikisi No:1, Bagcilar, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Department of Radiology, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Duygu Kose
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Yayla
- Department of Pharmacology, Kafkas University Faculty of Medicine, Kars, Turkey
| | - Busra Sirin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Adem Karaman
- Department of Radiology, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Calik
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Fatih Alper
- Department of Radiology, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
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Jastrzebska I, Grzes PA, Niemirowicz-Laskowska K, Car H. Selenosteroids - promising hybrid compounds with pleiotropic biological activity: synthesis and biological aspects. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 213:105975. [PMID: 34418527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It is established that steroid based agents are an example of compounds obtained from natural patterns and are of great importance due to their application in the prevention and treatment of diseases. Selenosteroids are hybrids formed by attaching Se-moiety to a steroid molecule. In these types of hybrids, selenium can be present as selenide or as a part of selenosemicarbazones, isoselenocyanates, selenourea, etc. Attaching a Se-moiety to a biologically active steroid might enhance the biological properties of both fragments. Available literature indicates that these kinds of hybrids demonstrate significant anticancer activity, which renders them interesting in terms of medical use. In this review, we present various methods of synthesis and demonstrate that seleno-steroid compounds are promising molecules for further pharmaceutical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella Jastrzebska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Białystok, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Pawel A Grzes
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Białystok, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Halina Car
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Szpitalna 37, 15-295, Białystok, Poland
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Toxicology and pharmacology of synthetic organoselenium compounds: an update. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1179-1226. [PMID: 33792762 PMCID: PMC8012418 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Here, we addressed the pharmacology and toxicology of synthetic organoselenium compounds and some naturally occurring organoselenium amino acids. The use of selenium as a tool in organic synthesis and as a pharmacological agent goes back to the middle of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries. The rediscovery of ebselen and its investigation in clinical trials have motivated the search for new organoselenium molecules with pharmacological properties. Although ebselen and diselenides have some overlapping pharmacological properties, their molecular targets are not identical. However, they have similar anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, possibly, via activation of transcription factors, regulating the expression of antioxidant genes. In short, our knowledge about the pharmacological properties of simple organoselenium compounds is still elusive. However, contrary to our early expectations that they could imitate selenoproteins, organoselenium compounds seem to have non-specific modulatory activation of antioxidant pathways and specific inhibitory effects in some thiol-containing proteins. The thiol-oxidizing properties of organoselenium compounds are considered the molecular basis of their chronic toxicity; however, the acute use of organoselenium compounds as inhibitors of specific thiol-containing enzymes can be of therapeutic significance. In summary, the outcomes of the clinical trials of ebselen as a mimetic of lithium or as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 proteases will be important to the field of organoselenium synthesis. The development of computational techniques that could predict rational modifications in the structure of organoselenium compounds to increase their specificity is required to construct a library of thiol-modifying agents with selectivity toward specific target proteins.
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Hong YA, Park CW. Catalytic Antioxidants in the Kidney. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010130. [PMID: 33477607 PMCID: PMC7831323 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species are highly implicated in kidney injuries that include acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, hypertensive nephropathy, and diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, antioxidant agents are promising therapeutic strategies for kidney diseases. Catalytic antioxidants are defined as small molecular mimics of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, and some of them function as potent detoxifiers of lipid peroxides and peroxynitrite. Several catalytic antioxidants have been demonstrated to be effective in a variety of in vitro and in vivo disease models that are associated with oxidative stress, including kidney diseases. This review summarizes the evidence for the role of antioxidant enzymes in kidney diseases, the classifications of catalytic antioxidants, and their current applications to kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ah Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Cheol Whee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
- Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2258-6038
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Al-Brakati AY, Kassab RB, Lokman MS, Elmahallawy EK, Amin HK, Abdel Moneim AE. Role of thymoquinone and ebselen in the prevention of sodium arsenite-induced nephrotoxicity in female rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:482-493. [PMID: 30558456 DOI: 10.1177/0960327118818246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effects of thymoquinone (TQ) and ebselen (Eb) on arsenic (As)-induced renal toxicity in female rats. Sodium arsenite was orally administrated at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight daily for 28 days, either alone or 1 h before TQ (10 mg/kg) or Eb (5 mg/kg) administration. Renal tissue As concentration and oxidative stress markers, including lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitrite/nitrate, and glutathione (GSH) levels, were determined. In addition to the oxidative stress response, antioxidant enzyme activities including that of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were measured. Exposure to As elicited a significant increase in As concentration and significant modifications to the redox state of the kidney, as was evidenced by a significant elevation in LPO and nitrite/nitrate concentration, with a concomitant reduction in GSH content and antioxidant enzyme activity. The oxidant/antioxidant imbalance observed in As toxicity was associated with a significant elevation in renal tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein, and caspase 3 levels, in addition to a significant decrease in Bcl-2 levels. Post-administration of TQ and Eb markedly prevented As-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and As accumulation in the renal tissue and reduced histological renal damage. These findings demonstrate that TQ, the main bioactive phytochemical constituent of Nigella sativa seed oil, and Eb, an organoselenium compound, could significantly inhibit As-induced oxidative damage, apoptosis, and inflammation, and significantly attenuate the accumulation of As in renal tissues by facilitating As biomethylation and excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Al-Brakati
- 1 Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taif University, Ta'if, Saudi Arabia
| | - R B Kassab
- 2 Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - M S Lokman
- 2 Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - E K Elmahallawy
- 3 Department of Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- 4 Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - H K Amin
- 5 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - A E Abdel Moneim
- 2 Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
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Palabiyik SS, Dincer B, Cadirci E, Cinar I, Gundogdu C, Polat B, Yayla M, Halici Z. A new update for radiocontrast-induced nephropathy aggravated with glycerol in rats: the protective potential of epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Ren Fail 2017; 39:314-322. [PMID: 28100100 PMCID: PMC6014352 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2016.1277245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Contrast media (CM) is known to have nephrotoxic adverse effects. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant and active catechin in green tea, and has strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigated whether EGCG can reduce contrast-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN), alone or with glycerol (GLY)-induced renal damage, and to understand its mechanisms of protection against toxicity, using models of GLY and CIN in rats. The rats were separated into eight groups (n = 6 in each), as follows: Healthy, GLY, CM, GLY + CM, CM + EGCG 50 mg/kg (po), GLY + CM + EGCG 50 mg/kg (po), CM + EGCG 100 mg/kg (po), and GLY + CM + EGCG 100 mg/kg (po). Both doses of EGCG protected against CM-induced renal dysfunction, as measured by serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). In addition, EGCG treatment markedly improved CIN-induced oxidative stress, and resulted in a significant down-regulatory effect on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and nuclear factor (NF)-κB mRNA expression. Moreover, histopathological analysis showed that EGCG also attenuated CM-induced kidney damage. Considering the potential clinical use of CM and the numerous health benefits of EGCG, this study showed the protective role of multi-dose EGCG treatment on CIN and GLY-aggravated CIN through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saziye Sezin Palabiyik
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Toxicology Department , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Busra Dincer
- b Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacology Department , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey.,c Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Department , Erzincan University , Erzincan , Turkey
| | - Elif Cadirci
- b Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacology Department , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Irfan Cinar
- b Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacology Department , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Cemal Gundogdu
- d Faculty of Medicine, Pathology Department , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Beyzagul Polat
- e Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Department , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Muhammed Yayla
- f Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacology Department , Kafkas University , Kars , Turkey
| | - Zekai Halici
- b Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacology Department , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE A common link between all forms of acute and chronic kidney injuries, regardless of species, is enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) during injury/disease progression. While low levels of ROS and RNS are required for prosurvival signaling, cell proliferation and growth, and vasoreactivity regulation, an imbalance of ROS and RNS generation and elimination leads to inflammation, cell death, tissue damage, and disease/injury progression. RECENT ADVANCES Many aspects of renal oxidative stress still require investigation, including clarification of the mechanisms which prompt ROS/RNS generation and subsequent renal damage. However, we currently have a basic understanding of the major features of oxidative stress pathology and its link to kidney injury/disease, which this review summarizes. CRITICAL ISSUES The review summarizes the critical sources of oxidative stress in the kidney during injury/disease, including generation of ROS and RNS from mitochondria, NADPH oxidase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. The review next summarizes the renal antioxidant systems that protect against oxidative stress, including superoxide dismutase and catalase, the glutathione and thioredoxin systems, and others. Next, we describe how oxidative stress affects kidney function and promotes damage in every nephron segment, including the renal vessels, glomeruli, and tubules. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Despite the limited success associated with the application of antioxidants for treatment of kidney injury/disease thus far, preventing the generation and accumulation of ROS and RNS provides an ideal target for potential therapeutic treatments. The review discusses the shortcomings of antioxidant treatments previously used and the potential promise of new ones. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 119-146.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian B Ratliff
- 1 Department of Medicine, Renal Research Institute , New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York.,2 Department of Physiology, Renal Research Institute , New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Wasan Abdulmahdi
- 2 Department of Physiology, Renal Research Institute , New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Rahul Pawar
- 1 Department of Medicine, Renal Research Institute , New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Michael S Wolin
- 2 Department of Physiology, Renal Research Institute , New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
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Karaman A, Diyarbakir B, Durur-Subasi I, Kose D, Özbek-Bilgin A, Topcu A, Gundogdu C, Durur-Karakaya A, Bayraktutan Z, Alper F. A novel approach to contrast-induced nephrotoxicity: the melatonergic agent agomelatine. Br J Radiol 2016; 89:20150716. [PMID: 26886874 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20150716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the potential nephroprotective role of agomelatine in rat renal tissue in cases of contrast-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN). The drug's action on the antioxidant system and proinflammatory cytokines, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, levels of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and the gene expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) was measured. Tubular necrosis and hyaline and haemorrhagic casts were also histopathologically evaluated. METHODS The institutional ethics and local animal care committees approved the study. Eight groups of six rats were put on the following drug regimens: Group 1: healthy controls, Group 2: GLY (glycerol), Group 3: CM (contrast media--iohexol 10 ml kg(-1)), Group 4: GLY+CM, Group 5: CM+AGO20 (agomelatine 20 mg kg(-1)), Group 6: GLY+CM+AGO20, Group 7: CM+AGO40 (agomelatine 40 mg kg(-1)) and Group 8: GLY+CM+AGO40. The groups were evaluated by one-way analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple comparison test. RESULTS Agomelatine administration significantly improved the serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, SOD activity, GSH and MDA. The use of agomelatine had substantial downregulatory consequences on TNF-α, NF-κB and IL-6 messenger RNA levels. Mild-to-severe hyaline and haemorrhagic casts and tubular necrosis were observed in all groups, except in the healthy group. The histopathological scores were better in the agomelatine treatment groups. CONCLUSION Agomelatine has nephroprotective effects against CIN in rats. This effect can be attributed to its properties of reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-6). ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE CIN is one of the most important adverse effects of radiological procedures. Renal failure, diabetes, malignancy, old age and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use pose the risk of CIN in patients. Several clinical studies have investigated ways to avoid CIN. Theophylline/aminophylline, statins, ascorbic acid and iloprost have been suggested for this purpose. Agomelatine is one of the melatonin ligands and is used for affective disorders and has antioxidant features. In this study, we hypothesized that agomelatine could have nephroprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects against CIN in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Karaman
- 1 Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Busra Diyarbakir
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Irmak Durur-Subasi
- 3 Department of Radiology, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Duygu Kose
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Asli Özbek-Bilgin
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Atilla Topcu
- 4 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Cemal Gundogdu
- 5 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Zafer Bayraktutan
- 7 Department of Biochemistry, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatih Alper
- 1 Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Kunak CS, Ugan RA, Cadirci E, Karakus E, Polat B, Un H, Halici Z, Saritemur M, Atmaca HT, Karaman A. Nephroprotective potential of carnitine against glycerol and contrast-induced kidney injury in rats through modulation of oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis. Br J Radiol 2015; 89:20140724. [PMID: 26562095 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20140724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Contrast media (CM) are a major cause of nephropathy in high-risk patients. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of carnitine (CAR) in advanced nephrotoxicity due to CM administration in rats with glycerol-induced renal functional disorder. METHODS 40 rats were divided randomly into five groups (n = 8): (1) healthy group; (2) glycerol only (GLY); (3) glycerol and CM (GLY + CM); (4) glycerol, CM and 200 mg kg(-1) carnitine (CAR200, Carnitene(®); Sigma-tau/Santa Farma, Istanbul, Turkey); and (5) glycerol, CM and 400 mg kg(-1) carnitine (CAR400). Kidney injury was induced with a single-dose, intramuscular injection of 10 ml kg(-1) body weight (b.w.) of GLY. CAR was administered intraperitoneally. CM (8 ml kg(-1) b.w. iohexol, Omnipaque™; Opakim Medical Products, Istanbul, Turkey) was infused via the tail vein to the rats in Groups 3-5. RESULTS l-carnitine administration significantly decreased serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione activity increased significantly in the treatment groups compared with the nephrotoxic groups. CAR400 significantly reduced malondialdehyde levels to healthy levels. In the treatment groups, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, transforming growth factor 1β, interleukin 1β and caspase-3 gene expression decreased compared with the nephrotoxic groups. TNF-α and nuclear factor kappa-beta (NF-κB) protein expression increased after CM and CAR administration reduced both TNF-α and NF-κB expressions. Histopathologically, hyaline and haemorrhagic casts and necrosis in proximal tubules increased in the nephrotoxicity groups and decreased in the CAR groups. CONCLUSION The results reveal that l-carnitine protects the oxidant/antioxidant balance and decreases proinflammatory cytokines and apoptosis in CM-induced nephrotoxicity in rats with underlying pathology. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Depending on the underlying kidney pathologies, the incidence of CM-induced nephropathy (CIN) increases. Therefore, this is the best model to represent clinically observed CIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celalettin S Kunak
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Ordu University Faculty of Medicine, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Rustem A Ugan
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Elif Cadirci
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Emre Karakus
- 3 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ataturk University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Beyzagul Polat
- 4 Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Harun Un
- 5 Department of Biochemistry, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University Faculty of Pharmacy, Agri, Turkey
| | - Zekai Halici
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Murat Saritemur
- 6 Department of Emergency Medicine, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hasan T Atmaca
- 7 Department of Pathology, Kırıkkale University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Adem Karaman
- 8 Department of Radiology, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
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Wei L, Zhang Y, Yang C, Wang Q, Zhuang Z, Sun Z. Neuroprotective effects of ebselen in traumatic brain injury model: involvement of nitric oxide and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathway. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 41:134-8. [PMID: 24131109 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery; East Hospital; Tongji University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery; East Hospital; Tongji University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery; East Hospital; Tongji University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery; East Hospital; Tongji University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Zhongwei Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery; East Hospital; Tongji University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Zhiyang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery; East Hospital; Tongji University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
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Induction of apoptosis in human multiple myeloma cell lines by ebselen via enhancing the endogenous reactive oxygen species production. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:696107. [PMID: 24587987 PMCID: PMC3921973 DOI: 10.1155/2014/696107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Ebselen a selenoorganic compound showing glutathione peroxidase like activity is an anti-inflammatory and antioxidative agent. Its cytoprotective activity has been investigated in recent years. However, experimental evidence also shows that ebselen causes cell death in several cancer cell types whose mechanism has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we examined the effect of ebselen on multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines in vitro. The results showed that ebselen significantly enhanced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accompanied by cell viability decrease and apoptosis rate increase. Further studies revealed that ebselen can induce Bax redistribution from the cytosol to mitochondria leading to mitochondrial membrane potential ΔΨm changes and cytochrome C release from the mitochondria to cytosol. Furtherly, we found that exogenous addition of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) completely diminished the cell damage induced by ebselen. This result suggests that relatively high concentration of ebselen can induce MM cells apoptosis in culture by enhancing the production of endogenous ROS and triggering mitochondria mediated apoptotic pathway.
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Boyacioglu M, Turgut H, Akgullu C, Eryilmaz U, Kum C, Onbasili OA. The effect of L-carnitine on oxidative stress responses of experimental contrast-induced nephropathy in rats. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 76:1-8. [PMID: 23965850 PMCID: PMC3979958 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the prophylactic effects of carnitine
against contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) and its relation to oxidant/antioxidant status
in kidney, liver, heart, spleen and lung tissues in a CIN rat model. Twenty-eight adult
male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups, the control, contrast media (CM), carnitine
and contrast media+carnitine (CM+carnitine) groups. Animals were placed in individual
metabolism cages, and on the 2nd day, rats were deprived of water for 24 hr. On the 3rd
day, contrast media were administered to groups CM and CM+carnitine. L-carnitine was
administered on days 2, 3 and 4. Histopathological changes were evaluated in the right
kidney after euthanization. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and
glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in renal, liver, heart,
spleen and lung tissues. The SOD activities in the renal (P<0.05),
liver (P<0.001) and spleen (P<0.05) tissues were
increased in the carnitine group. The CAT activities in the spleen tissue were decreased
(P<0.01) only in the CM group. Renal (P<0.05),
liver (P<0.001), spleen (P<0.001) and lung tissue
(P<0.01) GSH levels were found to be higher in the carnitine group.
In renal, liver and lung tissues, the MDA levels increased in the CM group
(P<0.001). The histopathological findings showed that L-carnitine
may have a preventative effect in alleviating the negative effects of CIN. Similar to
this, L-carnitine may play a major role in the stability of the antioxidant status in the
kidney, liver, spleen and lung of the CIN rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Boyacioglu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
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