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Chiriac A, Wollina U. Pediatric Dermatitis Seborrhoica - A Clinical and Therapeutic Review. Indian Dermatol Online J 2024; 15:383-391. [PMID: 38845676 PMCID: PMC11152465 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_593_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Pediatric dermatitis seborrhoica (DS) is a common inflammatory disorder of infancy and adolescence distinct from atopic dermatitis. We performed a narrative review on clinical and therapeutic aspects of the disease. The prevalence varies geographically and can reach up to 10%. There is a slight male predominance. Although etiopathology is not well known, both endogenous and exogenous factors contribute. Skin microbiome and its interaction with sebaceous gland function is crucial. The inflammatory pathways include innate immune function and skin barrier disturbances. Malassezia spp. and certain bacteria are increased in lesional skin. DS develops in different clinical subtypes, from localized cephalic to disseminated disease with a risk of erythroderma and eczema herpeticatum. Treatment consists of skin care and topical and rarely systemic medical therapy. Cornerstones of treatment are antifungals and mild corticosteroids. Targeted treatment is on the horizon. Pediatric DS is a common disorder important in the differential diagnosis of skin problems in infants and and children. Due to better understanding of its pathogenesis, new treatment options are developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Chiriac
- Department of Dermatology, Nicolina Medical Center, Iasi, Romania
- Apollonia University, Iasi, Romania
- Romanian Academy, P. Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
| | - Uwe Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Academic Teaching Hospital, Dresden, Germany
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2
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Ozturk A, Acar A, Yaman B, Karaarslan I. Keratosis Lichenoides Chronica (Nekam's Disease): Dermoscopic and in Vivo Reflectance Confocal Microscopy Findings. Dermatol Pract Concept 2023; 13:dpc.1304a232. [PMID: 37992370 PMCID: PMC10656124 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1304a232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayris Ozturk
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayda Acar
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Banu Yaman
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Isil Karaarslan
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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3
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Borst C, Symmank D, Drach M, Weninger W. Cutaneous signs and mechanisms of inflammasomopathies. Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81:454-465. [PMID: 35039323 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The emerging group of autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) is caused by a dysregulation of the innate immune system while lacking the typical footprint of adaptive immunity. A prominent subgroup of AIDs are inflammasomopathies, which are characterised by periodic flares of cutaneous signs as well as systemic organ involvement and fever. The range of possible skin lesions is vast, ranging from urticarial, erysipelas-like and pustular rashes to erythematous patches, violaceous plaques and eventual necrosis and ulceration. This review provides a structured overview of the pathogenesis and the clinical picture with a focus on dermatological aspects of inflammasomopathies. Current treatment options for these conditions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Borst
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Dörte Symmank
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Mathias Drach
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Weninger
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
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4
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Savic S, Coe J, Laws P. Autoinflammation: Interferonopathies and Other Autoinflammatory Diseases. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:781-792. [PMID: 34887082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.07.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The family of autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) continues to expand and now includes over 40 genetically defined disorders. Their defining feature is a dysregulated inflammatory innate immune response. Many AIDs have overlapping clinical characteristics, and dermatological manifestations are common. Autoinflammatory features have also been recognized in more common dermatological conditions such as psoriasis. Furthermore, there is an increasing understanding that immunodeficiencies, autoimmune disorders, and even some allergic disorders share overlapping autoinflammatory features. The discovery that certain somatic mutations, arising within the bone marrow and restricted to the myeloid cell lineage can cause acquired AID heralds a new era of discoveries in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinisa Savic
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Leeds Teaching Hospitals, National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | - James Coe
- Leeds Centre for Dermatology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Laws
- Leeds Centre for Dermatology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
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5
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Prohic A, Poparic S, Cemerlic A, Kapetanovic A. Erythema Ab Igne with Histological Features of Keratosis Lichenoides Chronica. Case Rep Dermatol 2021; 13:184-189. [PMID: 34703425 PMCID: PMC8488418 DOI: 10.1159/000515259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythema ab igne (EAI) is a localized, hyperpigmented and reticulated dermatosis at sites of chronic heat exposure. Within longstanding skin lesions of EAI, hyperkeratotic lesions may emerge and can potentially transform into pre-malignant or malignant skin lesions. A 55-year-old woman presented for the evaluation of multiple hyperkeratotic lesions along with a reticular patterned hyperpigmentation on her right knee, an area that had repeated and prolonged exposure to a heat source over a period of several months. Based on her clinical history and the physical examination of her lesions, she was diagnosed as having a hyperkeratotic form of EAI. A skin biopsy was performed to rule out malignant alteration, but the histopathological findings were supportive of keratosis lichenoides chronica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asja Prohic
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Sarajevo Medical School, University of Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Selma Poparic
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Medical Centre Travnik, Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Adem Cemerlic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Aida Kapetanovic
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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6
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Bhari N, Jassi R, Ramam M, Abhishek GN. Keratosis lichenoides chronica showing significant response to acitretin. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2021; 87:892. [PMID: 34672478 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_705_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Bhari
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rubina Jassi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - M Ramam
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - G N Abhishek
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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7
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Aromolo IF, Giacalone S, Genovese G, Maronese CA, Marzano AV. Keratosis lichenoides chronica: A case report and focused overview of the literature. Australas J Dermatol 2021; 63:e99-e102. [PMID: 34514586 PMCID: PMC9291015 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Italo Francesco Aromolo
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Giacalone
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Genovese
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Alberto Maronese
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Valerio Marzano
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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8
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Bonito F, Alves J, António AM, Sequeira P, Nogueira J. A case of blaschkoid lichenoid drug eruption. J Cutan Pathol 2021; 49:1-6. [PMID: 33470451 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Bonito
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Garcia de Orta, E.P.E., Almada, Portugal
| | - João Alves
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Garcia de Orta, E.P.E., Almada, Portugal
| | - Ana Marta António
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Garcia de Orta, E.P.E., Almada, Portugal
| | - Pedro Sequeira
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Hospital Garcia de Orta, E.P.E., Almada, Portugal
| | - Joana Nogueira
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Hospital Garcia de Orta, E.P.E., Almada, Portugal
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Garzón Aldás E. Confluent, Retiform, Violaceous Hyperkeratotic Papules. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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10
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Garzón Aldás E. Pápulas violáceas hiperqueratósicas confluentes retiformes. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2020; 111:601-602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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11
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Li AW, Damsky W, King BA. Keratosis lichenoides chronica successfully treated with isotretinoin and methotrexate. JAAD Case Rep 2017; 3:205-207. [PMID: 28443310 PMCID: PMC5394184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alvin W Li
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - William Damsky
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Brett A King
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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