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Şenol N, Şahin M, Şahin U. Protective effect of juglone on electric field-induced apoptosis and inflammation in liver and kidney tissue in rats. Res Vet Sci 2023; 164:104987. [PMID: 37659348 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.104987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Electric field (EF) has been shown to cause tissue damage mainly through oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Thus, juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) (JUG), which has antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties, is thought to be effective against electric field-induced damage. We aimed to investigate whether 50 Hz alternating current (AC) triggers inflammation and apoptosis in rat liver and kidney tissues and evaluate the JUG supplement's estimated protective effect. Twenty-four adult male wistar albino rats were divided into control, EF and EF + JUG groups, each containing eight rats. The EF and EF + JUG groups were exposed to EF while no EF exposure and JUG were applied to the control group. At the end of the experiment, liver and kidney tissues were collected for histological (H&E, caspase-3 and TNF-α for immunohistochemical staining), and genetics (SOCS, caspase-3 and TNF-α, PCR analyses). After routine histological procedures, sections stained with H&E showed significant changes in liver and kidney tissues in the EF group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Significant protective effects were observed in the building volumes and histopathology in the EF + JUG group (p < 0.05). Our gene expression results increased the expression of caspase-3 and TNF-α in the EF group (p < 0.001). Juglone increased SOCS expression (p < 0.001). These findings were consistent with the anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects of JUG treatment. We reasoned that exposure to EF damaged rat liver and kidney tissues and administration of JUG alleviated the complications caused by 50 Hz EF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurgül Şenol
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Süleyman Demirel, Isparta, Türkiye
| | - Melda Şahin
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Science, University of Süleyman Demirel, Isparta, Türkiye.
| | - Uğur Şahin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, University of Süleyman Demirel, Isparta, Türkiye; Genetic Research Unit, Innovative Technologies Application and Research Center, University of Süleyman Demirel, Isparta, Türkiye
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2
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Salameh M, Zeitoun-Ghandour S, Sabra L, Daher A, Khalil M, Joumaa WH. Impact of GSM-EMW exposure on the markers of oxidative stress in fetal rat liver. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17806. [PMID: 37853153 PMCID: PMC10584814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44814-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the effects of 24 h/day prenatal exposure to global system for mobile communication electromagnetic fields (GSM-EMFs), 900 MHZ-induced electromagnetic radiation (EMR), on oxidative stress (OS) status, apoptotic, and inflammatory changes in liver of rats during their fetal development period. Fifty-two Sprague-Dawley pregnant rats were equally divided into control and exposed groups. Whole embryos were removed at 7.5 dpc (days post coitus), while liver tissues were extracted from embryos at 11.5, 15.5, and 19.5 dpc. For exposed animals, results showed an increased OS reflected by high levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), a decrease in cytosolic superoxide dismutase (cytoSOD) activity, in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (mitoSOD) levels and catalase (CAT) mRNA expression but also in hepatic nuclear factor erythroïd 2-related Factor 2 (Nrf-2), protein kinase B (Akt1), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mRNA expression at 15.5 dpc. Moreover, GSM-EMR exposure was shown to significantly decrease mitoSOD and CAT activities at almost all studied ages. Thus, rat embryos may be protected by their mothers from OS, apoptotic, and pro-inflammatory responses till a sensitive developmental stage, during a continuous prenatal EMR exposure. This protection could be then created from the embryos themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Salameh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sukaina Zeitoun-Ghandour
- Rammal Hassan Rammal Research Laboratory, PhyToxE Research Group, Faculty of Sciences Section V, Lebanese University, Nabih Berri Street, Nabatieh, Lebanon
| | - Lina Sabra
- Rammal Hassan Rammal Research Laboratory, PhyToxE Research Group, Faculty of Sciences Section V, Lebanese University, Nabih Berri Street, Nabatieh, Lebanon
| | - Ahmad Daher
- Rammal Hassan Rammal Research Laboratory, ATAC Research Group, Faculty of Sciences (I), Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Mahmoud Khalil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Wissam H Joumaa
- Rammal Hassan Rammal Research Laboratory, PhyToxE Research Group, Faculty of Sciences Section V, Lebanese University, Nabih Berri Street, Nabatieh, Lebanon.
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3
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Tian H, Zhu H, Gao C, Shi M, Yang D, Jin M, Wang F, Sui X. System-level biological effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields: an in vivo experimental review. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1247021. [PMID: 37869515 PMCID: PMC10590107 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1247021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past decades, the potential effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) on human health have gained great interest all around the world. Though the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection recommended a 100 μT, and then a 200 μT magnetic field limit, the long-term effects of ELF-EMFs on organisms and systems need to be further investigated. It was reported that both electrotherapy and possible effects on human health could be induced under ELF-EM radiation with varied EM frequencies and fields. This present article intends to systematically review the in vivo experimental outcome and the corresponding mechanisms to shed some light on the safety considerations of ELF-EMFs. This will further advance the subsequent application of electrotherapy in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Tian
- Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Haozheng Zhu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenhao Gao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxia Shi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dekun Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyu Jin
- State Grid Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenghua Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Sui
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Salameh M, Zeitoun-Ghandour S, Sabra L, Ismail L, Daher A, Bazzi A, Khalil M, Joumaa WH. Effects of continuous prenatal and postnatal global system for mobile communications electromagnetic waves (GSM-EMW) exposure on the oxidative stress biomarkers in female rat liver. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12367. [PMID: 36590500 PMCID: PMC9798186 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In light of the increased use of communication technologies, the harm caused by continuous exposure to emitted radiation on pregnancy and developing newborns is among the public concerns. Using Sprague-Dawley rats, our study investigates the effects of 24 h/day prenatal and postnatal 900 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) exposure of female rats on liver oxidative stress (OS) and other hepatic parameters at postnatal days (PND) 1, 9, and 21. Our results showed that RF-EMR exposure led to an increase in oxidative stress status as indicated by a significant elevation in MDA level at PND9 and PND21, a decrease in catalase (CAT) activity at all ages, a reduction (PND1 and PND9) in catalase amounts and mRNA expression, in addition to a decrease in GPx activity at PND21 in the exposed group. Current findings also showed a significant increase in cytoSOD at PND9 and 21 and a reduction in mitoSOD at PND21 in the exposed groups compared to the control groups. However, significant increases in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) level and mitoSOD activity were observed at all studied ages. Furthermore, cytoSOD activity showed a significant reduction in PND1, whereas in PND9 the value of this parameter increased compared to the non-exposed group. Moreover, while SOD1 mRNA expression increased at PND1, it decreased at PND9 and 21. However, GPx1 expression was shown to be always decreased in the exposed group. In addition, at PND1 and 9, exposed rats showed a similar response on Akt1, nuclear factor erythroïd 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression. Therefore, an increased oxidative stress status produced from a continuous (24 h/day) GSM-modulated 900 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) exposure during the prenatal and postnatal periods may result in adverse health effects during future life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Salameh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sukaina Zeitoun-Ghandour
- Rammal Hassan Rammal Research Laboratory, PhyToxE Research Group, Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences (V), Nabatieh, Lebanon
| | - Lina Sabra
- Rammal Hassan Rammal Research Laboratory, PhyToxE Research Group, Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences (V), Nabatieh, Lebanon
| | - Lina Ismail
- Rammal Hassan Rammal Research Laboratory, PhyToxE Research Group, Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences (V), Nabatieh, Lebanon
| | - Ahmad Daher
- Rammal Hassan Rammal Research Laboratory, ATAC Research Group, Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences (I), Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Ali Bazzi
- Rammal Hassan Rammal Research Laboratory, PhyToxE Research Group, Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences (V), Nabatieh, Lebanon
| | - Mahmoud Khalil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon,Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Wissam H. Joumaa
- Rammal Hassan Rammal Research Laboratory, PhyToxE Research Group, Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences (V), Nabatieh, Lebanon,Corresponding author.
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5
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Ilić AŽ, de Luka SR, Popović TB, Debeljak-Martačić J, Kojadinović M, Ćirković S, Ristić-Djurović JL, Trbovich AM. Distinct fatty acid redistribution and textural changes in the brain tissue upon the static magnetic field exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 92:103853. [PMID: 35318121 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We observed different outcomes upon the subacute exposure to the 128 mT highly homogeneous static magnetic field (SMF) when its orientation was (i) aligned with the vertical component of the geomagnetic field; (ii) in the opposite direction. We employed the fatty acids (FA) composition and digital image analyses (DIA) to provide insights into the underlying processes and examine the possible weak SMF effects. Swiss-Webster male mice were whole-body exposed for 1 h/day over five days. Brain tissue's thin liquid chromatography resulted in brain FA composition, indicating a possible sequence of changes due to the SMF exposure. Quantitative DIA accurately assessed different image parameters. Delicate textural changes were revealed in the group where pathohistological or biochemical alterations have not been detected. DIA-based biological markers seem to be very promising for studying delicate tissue changes, which results from the high sensitivity and wide availability of DIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andjelija Ž Ilić
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Silvio R de Luka
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 9, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara B Popović
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Centre of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Debeljak-Martačić
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Centre of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Milica Kojadinović
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Centre of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Saša Ćirković
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasna L Ristić-Djurović
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Alexander M Trbovich
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 9, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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6
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Orel VE, Krotevych M, Dasyukevich O, Rykhalskyi O, Syvak L, Tsvir H, Tsvir D, Garmanchuk L, Orel VВ, Sheina I, Rybka V, Shults NV, Suzuki YJ, Gychka SG. Effects induced by a 50 Hz electromagnetic field and doxorubicin on Walker-256 carcinosarcoma growth and hepatic redox state in rats. Electromagn Biol Med 2021; 40:475-487. [PMID: 34392747 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2021.1958342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We compare the effects of an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) with the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX) on tumor growth and the hepatic redox state in Walker-256 carcinosarcoma-bearing rats. Animals were divided into five groups with one control (no tumor) and four tumor-bearing groups: no treatment, DOX, DOX combined with EMF and EMF. While DOX and DOX + EMF provided greater inhibition of tumor growth, treatment with EMF alone resulted in some level of antitumor effect (p < .05). Superoxide dismutase, catalase activity and glutathione content were significantly decreased in the liver of tumor-bearing animals as compared with the control group (p < .05). The decreases in antioxidant defenses accompanied histological findings of suspected liver damage. However, hepatic levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, were three times lower in EMF and DOX + EMF groups than in no treatment and DOX (p < .05). EMF and DOX + EMF showed significantly lower activity of serum ALT than DOX alone (p < .05). These results indicate that EMF treatment can inhibit tumor growth, causing less pronounced oxidative stress damage to the liver. Therefore, EMF can be used as a therapeutic strategy to influence the hepatic redox state and combat cancer with reduced side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerii E Orel
- Medical Physics and Bioengineering Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Kyiv, Ukraine.,Biomedical Engineering Department, NTUU "Igor Sikorsky KPI", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Mykhailo Krotevych
- Research Department of the Pathological Anatomy, National Cancer Institute, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olga Dasyukevich
- Medical Physics and Bioengineering Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Rykhalskyi
- Medical Physics and Bioengineering Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Liubov Syvak
- Research Department of Chemotherapy Solid Tumors, National Cancer Institute, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Dmytro Tsvir
- Medical Faculty, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Lyudmyla Garmanchuk
- Department of Biomedicine, NSC "Institute of Biology and Medicine" of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Valerii В Orel
- Biomedical Engineering Department, NTUU "Igor Sikorsky KPI", Kyiv, Ukraine.,Research Department of Radiodiagnostics, National Cancer Institute, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Sheina
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Nanotechnologies, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Vladyslava Rybka
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nataliia V Shults
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Nanotechnologies, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Yuichiro J Suzuki
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Nanotechnologies, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergiy G Gychka
- Department of Pathological Anatomy 2, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Schuermann D, Mevissen M. Manmade Electromagnetic Fields and Oxidative Stress-Biological Effects and Consequences for Health. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073772. [PMID: 33917298 PMCID: PMC8038719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Concomitant with the ever-expanding use of electrical appliances and mobile communication systems, public and occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) in the extremely-low-frequency and radiofrequency range has become a widely debated environmental risk factor for health. Radiofrequency (RF) EMF and extremely-low-frequency (ELF) MF have been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), potentially leading to cellular or systemic oxidative stress, was frequently found to be influenced by EMF exposure in animals and cells. In this review, we summarize key experimental findings on oxidative stress related to EMF exposure from animal and cell studies of the last decade. The observations are discussed in the context of molecular mechanisms and functionalities relevant to health such as neurological function, genome stability, immune response, and reproduction. Most animal and many cell studies showed increased oxidative stress caused by RF-EMF and ELF-MF. In order to estimate the risk for human health by manmade exposure, experimental studies in humans and epidemiological studies need to be considered as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schuermann
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Meike Mevissen
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 124, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (M.M.)
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8
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Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Field as a Stress Factor-Really Detrimental?-Insight into Literature from the Last Decade. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020174. [PMID: 33572550 PMCID: PMC7912337 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) and its consequences on human health have become the subject of important and recurrent public debate. ELF-MF evokes cell/organism responses that are characteristic to a general stress reaction, thus it can be regarded as a stress factor. Exposure to ELF-MF "turns on" different intracellular mechanisms into both directions: compensatory or deleterious ones. ELF-MF can provoke morphological and physiological changes in stress-related systems, mainly nervous, hormonal, and immunological ones. This review summarizes the ELF-MF-mediated changes at various levels of the organism organization. Special attention is placed on the review of literature from the last decade. Most studies on ELF-MF effects concentrate on its negative influence, e.g., impairment of behavior towards depressive and anxiety disorders; however, in the last decade there was an increase in the number of research studies showing stimulating impact of ELF-MF on neuroplasticity and neurorehabilitation. In the face of numerous studies on the ELF-MF action, it is necessary to systematize the knowledge for a better understanding of the phenomenon, in order to reduce the risk associated with the exposure to this factor and to recognize the possibility of using it as a therapeutic agent.
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Borzoueisileh S, Shabestani Monfared A, Ghorbani H, Mortazavi SMJ, Zabihi E, Pouramir M, Shafiee M, Niksirat F. Combined Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields and X-Ray in Renal Tissue and Function. Res Rep Urol 2020; 12:527-532. [PMID: 33150143 PMCID: PMC7605663 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s257365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Biochemical and histopathological properties of renal tissues were reported to be affected by both radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) and ionizing radiation. The radiation-induced changes in the kidney, including the serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr), could lead to adverse health outcomes such as chronic kidney disease. These complications signify the importance of the research in this field. Thus, in this study, the effects of ionizing and non-ionizing radiations, as well as their combination, were assessed by evaluating the alteration in BUN, Cr, and histopathological changes in kidney tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups and were exposed to either 900/1800MHz (mobile phone) or 2.4 GHz RF-EMF (Wi-Fi) radiation for 14 days, 8Gy x-ray, or their combination. Sera were collected from 2 mL of rat blood, then BUN and Cr levels were determined. Also, renal samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and evaluated histopathologically. RESULTS Both BUN and Cr levels raised non-significantly after exposure to 8 Gy x-rays. Moreover, all measurements in the samples of x-ray groups were in borderline or higher than normal values. The BUN levels of control, Wi-Fi, x-ray, and Wi-Fi+x-ray groups were not significantly different. However, Cr levels in the Wi-Fi group were significantly higher than those of the controls, and BUN to Cr ratio levels were significantly lower than those of the controls. Also, tubular atrophy and vessel wall thickening were associated with these exposures. CONCLUSION Exposure to 900/1800MHz, 2400 MHz EMF can alter the kidney function. However, pre-exposure to 900/1800MHz EMF could modulate the acute adverse effects of lethal x-ray dose, which addresses the adaptive response in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Borzoueisileh
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Shabestani Monfared
- Cancer Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghorbani
- Pathology Department, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - S M J Mortazavi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Zabihi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mehdi Pouramir
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohsen Shafiee
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Niksirat
- Department of Medical Physics Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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10
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Rahmani S, Ansarihadipour H, Bayatiani MR, Khosrowbeygi A, Babaei S, Rasmi Y. Conformational changes of β-thalassemia major hemoglobin and oxidative status of plasma after in vitro exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields: An artificial neural network analysis. Electromagn Biol Med 2020; 40:117-130. [PMID: 33092422 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2020.1830289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Electromagnetic fields (EMF) can generate reactive oxygen species and induce oxidative modifications. We investigated the effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) on oxidative status of plasma and erythrocytes in β-thalassemia major patients and design artificial neural networks (ANN) for evaluating the oxyHb concentration. Blood samples were obtained from age and sex-matched healthy donors (n = 12) and major β-thalassemia patients (n = 12) and subjected to 0.5 and 1 mT and 50 Hz of EMF. Plasma oxidative status was estimated after 1 and 2 h exposure to ELE-EMF. Structural changes of plasma proteins were investigated by Native PAGE and SDS-PAGE. Moreover; multilayer perceptron (MLP) method was applied for designing a feed forward ANN model to predict the impact of these oxidative and antioxidative parameters on oxyHb concentration. Two hour exposure to ELF-EMF induced significant oxidative changes on major β-thalassemia samplesElectrophoretic profiles showed two high molecular weight (HMW) protein aggregates in plasma samples from healthy donors and major β-thalassemia patients. According to our ANN design, the main predictors of oxyHb concentration were optical density of Hb at 542, 340, 569, 630, 577, and 420 nm and metHb and hemichrome (HC) concentration. Accuracy of the proposed ANN model was shown by predicted by observed chart (y = 1.3 + 0.96x, R2 = 0.942), sum of squares errors (SSR), and relative errors (RE). Our results showed the detailed effects of ELF-EMF on Hb structure and oxidative balance of plasma in major β-thalassemia patients and significance of ANN analysis during normal and pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Rahmani
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences , Arak, Iran
| | - Hadi Ansarihadipour
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences , Arak, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Bayatiani
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiotherapy, Arak University of Medical Sciences and Khansari Hospital , Arak, Iran
| | - Ali Khosrowbeygi
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences , Arak, Iran
| | - Saeid Babaei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences , Arak, Iran
| | - Yousef Rasmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia, Iran
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11
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Wang Y, Sun Y, Zhang Z, Li Z, Zhang H, Liao Y, Tang C, Cai P. Enhancement in the ATP level and antioxidant capacity of Caenorhabditis elegans under continuous exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field for multiple generations. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:1633-1640. [PMID: 32991227 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1828657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Safety concerns about the effects of long-term extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure on human health have been raised. To explore the effects of continuous exposure to ELF-EMF on organisms for multiple generations, we selected Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism and conducted long-term continuous exposure studies for multiple generations under 20 °C, 50 Hz, and 3 mT ELF-EMF. MATERIALS AND METHODS Each generation of worms was treated with ELF-EMF from the egg in the same environment. After long-term exposure to ELF-EMF, the body length of the worms was detected, and 15th generation adult worms were selected as the research object. The ATP level and ATPase were detected, and the expression levels of genes encoding ATP synthase (r53.4, hpo-18, atp-5, unc-32, atp-3) were detected by RT-PCR. In worm's antioxidant system, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by dichlorofluorescein staining, and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity were investigated. The expression of genes encoding superoxide dismutase (sod-1, sod-2, sod-3) was detected in adult (60 h) worms of the fifteenth generation (F15). RESULTS These results showed that the body length of F15 worms increased significantly, ATP content increased significantly, ATP synthase activity was significantly enhanced, and the expression levels of the r53.4, hpo-18, atp-5, and atp-3 genes encoding ATPase were significantly upregulated in F15 worms. In addition, SOD activity increased significantly, and the expression levels of the sod-1, sod-2, and sod-3 genes encoding SOD were also significantly upregulated in F15 worms. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that continuous exposure to 50 Hz, 3 mT ELF-EMF for multiple generations can increase the body length of worms, induce the synthesis of ATP and enhance the antioxidant capacity of worms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahong Wang
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Physical Environment, Xiamen, China
| | - Yongyan Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Physical Environment, Xiamen, China.,Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Physical Environment, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Physical Environment, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanyan Liao
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Physical Environment, Xiamen, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Physical Environment, Xiamen, China
| | - Peng Cai
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Physical Environment, Xiamen, China.,Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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12
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Karimi A, Ghadiri Moghaddam F, Valipour M. Insights in the biology of extremely low-frequency magnetic fields exposure on human health. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:5621-5633. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05563-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Di G, Dong L, Xie Z, Xu Y, Xiang J. Effects of power frequency electric field exposure on kidney. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 194:110354. [PMID: 32135378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of ultra high voltage alternating current (UHV AC) transmission, the intensity of environmental power frequency electric field (PFEF) near UHV AC transmission lines increased continuously, which has attracted considerable public attention on the potential health effects of PFEF. In this study, the effect of PFEF exposure on the kidney was explored. Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were exposed to 35 kV/m PFEF (50 Hz). Two indicators relating to renal function (urea nitrogen and creatinine) were tested after the exposure of 7d, 14d, 21d, 35d and 49d. The pathological morphology and cellular ultrastructure of kidney were observed respectively by light microscopy and electron microscopy after the exposure of 25d and 52d. Results showed that compared with that of the control group, the concentration of urea nitrogen of 35 kV/m PFEF exposure group significantly increased on the 21st and 35th days, and the concentration of creatinine significantly increased on the 14th, 21st and 35th days. However, the concentrations of creatinine and urea nitrogen both returned to normal levels on the 49th day. Furthermore, an enlarged Bowman's space, the vacuolation of renal tubular epithelial cells and the foot process effacement of podocyte were found after 25d exposure, but no abnormality was observed after 52d exposure. Obviously, a short-term (35d) exposure of 35 kV/m PFEF could cause kidney injury, which could be recovered after a longer-term (52d) exposure. Based on this study and relevant literatures, one explanation for this two-way effect is as follows. Kidney injury was caused by the disequilibrium of mitochondrial dynamics under 35 kV/m PFEF exposure. PFEF could also activate Wnt/β-catenin signal to promote the recovery of renal tubular epithelial cells and glomerular podocytes, so kidney injury could be repaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Di
- Institute of Environmental Process, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Li Dong
- Institute of Environmental Process, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Ziyin Xie
- Institute of Environmental Process, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yaqian Xu
- Institute of Environmental Process, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Junli Xiang
- Institute of Environmental Process, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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14
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Gazwi HSS, Mahmoud ME, Hamed MM. Antimicrobial activity of rosemary leaf extracts and efficacy of ethanol extract against testicular damage caused by 50-Hz electromagnetic field in albino rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:15798-15805. [PMID: 32086737 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08111-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rosemary is a restorative plant that has numerous utilizations in traditional medicine. In this investigation, rosemary leaf extracts were examined for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The antimicrobial activity was tested against 8 bacterial strains. The antioxidant feature of rosemary extract on rat testicular tissue after exposure to the electromagnetic field. Sixty adult male albino rats weighing 180-200 g (aged 2 months) were divided into six groups: control group, rosemary group (receiving rosemary extract at a dose of 5 mg/kg b.wt), EMF (2 h) group (exposed to 50 Hz and 5.4 kV per meter of magnetic field for 2 h), EMF (4 h) group (exposed to 50 Hz and 5.4 kV per meter of magnetic field for 4 h), EMF (2 h) + rosemary group (receiving both magnetic field for 2 h and extract), and EMF (4 h) + rosemary group (receiving both magnetic field for 4 h and extract). After 30 days, the rats were sacrificed, and some estimates were determined. Results exhibited that the ethanolic extract of rosemary leaves was active against pathogenic bacteria. Results also demonstrated that exposure to EMF diminished level of male hormones (e.g., follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, and luteinizing hormone (LH)) in serum and catalase (CAT) activity remarkably and increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in comparison to the control group. Signs of improvement in the male hormones, CAT activity, and MDA levels were noticed during the treatments with rosemary. Histological results showed that the rosemary extract inhibited the destructive effect of electromagnetic fields on testicular tissue. This research reveals that the ethanolic extract of rosemary has many beneficial effects that can be compelling in supporting individuals living with EMF ecological contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa S S Gazwi
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.
| | - Magda E Mahmoud
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Moaz M Hamed
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Red sea branch, Hurghada, Egypt
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15
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Keser H, Bozkurt Girit Ö, Majeed M, Nayak M, Bilgin MD. Pterostilbene administration improves the recovery potential of extremely low-frequency magnetic field in acute renal ischemia-reperfusion injury: an FTIR spectroscopic study. Turk J Biol 2020; 44:48-60. [PMID: 32123495 PMCID: PMC7049455 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1907-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, one of the drastic outcomes of renal failure and organ transplantation, tends to deteriorate over time; therefore, noninvasive therapeutic strategies will avail the progression-free survival of the patients. Magnetic field has been proposed as a noninvasive treatment strategy; however, with recent scientific advances, many controversies have arisen regarding its efficacy. Pterostilbene, a natural analog of resveratrol, was documented to be effective in treatment of I/R injuries. This study aims to assess the acute therapeutic effects of combined extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) and pterostilbene treatment on renal I/R injury. After induction of renal I/R in Wistar rats, treatments of 50 Hz, 1 mT ELF-MF applied alone or in combination with pterostilbene were applied for 5 consecutive days. Kidney homogenates were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. I/R injury resulted in an altered protein and lipid structure with the dominance of longer acyl chains; a slight decrease in lipid, protein, unsaturated lipid, and unsaturated/saturated lipid content; and an increase in membrane fluidity and lipid peroxidation in rat kidneys. Although ELF-MF treatment alone was not sufficient to restore all ischemia-induced alterations, the combined treatment strategy of pterostilbene administration in the presence of ELF-MF was successful and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Keser
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın Turkey.,Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon Turkey
| | - Özlem Bozkurt Girit
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın Turkey
| | | | - Mahadeva Nayak
- Technical Marketing, Sami Labs Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka India
| | - Mehmet Dinçer Bilgin
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın Turkey
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Wang Y, Liu X, Zhang Y, Wan B, Zhang J, He W, Hu D, Yang Y, Lai J, He M, Chen C. Exposure to a 50 Hz magnetic field at 100 µT exerts no DNA damage in cardiomyocytes. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.041293. [PMID: 31362949 PMCID: PMC6737969 DOI: 10.1242/bio.041293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of exposure to magnetic fields (MFs) at electric frequencies (50-60 Hz) on carcinogenicity are still in debate. Whether exposure to MFs affects the heart is also a debated issue. This study aimed to determine whether exposure to extremely low frequency MFs (ELF-MFs) induced DNA damage in cardiomyocytes both in vitro and in vivo Human ventricular cardiomyocytes were exposed to 50 Hz ELF-MF at 100 µT for 1 h continuously or 75 min intermittently. The effects of the treatments were evaluated by DNA damage, redox status changes and relative signal molecular expression. Moreover, ten male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to a 50 Hz MF at 100 µT for 7 days, while another 10 rats were sham exposed. The protein levels of p53 and Hsp70 in heart tissue were analyzed by western blot. The results showed that exposure to ELF-MF did not induce DNA damage, changes to cell cycle distribution or increased reactive oxygen species level. No significant differences were detected in p53 and Hsp70 expression level between the ELF-MF and sham-exposure groups both in vitro and in vivo All these data indicate that MFs at power-frequency may not cause DNA damage in cardiomyocytes.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xingfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, High Voltage Research Institute, China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yemao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, High Voltage Research Institute, China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Baoquan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, High Voltage Research Institute, China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jiangong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, High Voltage Research Institute, China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei He
- Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Dong Hu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jinsheng Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mengying He
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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17
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Bedir R, Tumkaya L, Mercantepe T, Yilmaz A. Pathological Findings Observed in the Kidneys of Postnatal Male Rats Exposed to the 2100 MHz Electromagnetic Field. Arch Med Res 2018; 49:432-440. [PMID: 30600117 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widespread use by young people of modern communication devices such as mobile phones means that they are particularly exposed to electromagnetic fields (EMF) and other problems. However, few studies have researched the effects of long-term exposure to EMF in the kidney. We therefore investigated oxidative stress and apoptosis in long-term exposure to 2100 megahertz (MHz) in a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four Sprague Dawley rats were divided into a control group (n = 8, no EMF exposure), a group exposed to 2100 MHz for 6 h for 30 d (n = 8), and a group exposed to 2100 MHz for12 h for 30 d (n = 8). Immunohistochemical analysis was performed, using caspase-3 to evaluate apoptosis. Immediately after treatment, reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) in kidney tissue and serum levels of various biochemical compounds were measured to detect oxidative stress. RESULTS Deterioration was observed in the brush border in renal tubules of the EMF groups. The results of the immunohistochemical analysis revealed a greater number of positively stained renal tubular epithelial cells in the EMF groups as compared with that in the control group. In the EMF groups, renal MDA levels increased, and renal GSH levels decreased compared with those in the control group, as shown by a biochemical examination (p = 0.00 and p = 0.00, respectively). CONCLUSION The findings showed that exposure to 2100 MHz for 6 and 12 h induced oxidative stress-mediated acute renal injury, depending on the length of exposure and dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recep Bedir
- Department of Pathology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University of Medical Faculty, Rize, Turkey
| | - Levent Tumkaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University of Medical Faculty, Rize, Turkey
| | - Tolga Mercantepe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University of Medical Faculty, Rize, Turkey.
| | - Adnan Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University of Medical Faculty, Rize, Turkey
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18
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Bagheri Hosseinabadi M, Khanjani N, Ebrahimi MH, Haji B, Abdolahfard M. The effect of chronic exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on sleep quality, stress, depression and anxiety. Electromagn Biol Med 2018; 38:96-101. [DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2018.1545665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Narges Khanjani
- Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Bahman Haji
- School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mazaher Abdolahfard
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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19
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Golomb BA. Diplomats' Mystery Illness and Pulsed Radiofrequency/Microwave Radiation. Neural Comput 2018; 30:2882-2985. [PMID: 30183509 DOI: 10.1162/neco_a_01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Importance: A mystery illness striking U.S. and Canadian diplomats to Cuba (and now China) "has confounded the FBI, the State Department and US intelligence agencies" (Lederman, Weissenstein, & Lee, 2017). Sonic explanations for the so-called health attacks have long dominated media reports, propelled by peculiar sounds heard and auditory symptoms experienced. Sonic mediation was justly rejected by experts. We assessed whether pulsed radiofrequency/microwave radiation (RF/MW) exposure can accommodate reported facts in diplomats, including unusual ones. Observations: (1) Noises: Many diplomats heard chirping, ringing or grinding noises at night during episodes reportedly triggering health problems. Some reported that noises were localized with laser-like precision or said the sounds seemed to follow them (within the territory in which they were perceived). Pulsed RF/MW engenders just these apparent "sounds" via the Frey effect. Perceived "sounds" differ by head dimensions and pulse characteristics and can be perceived as located behind in or above the head. Ability to hear the "sounds" depends on high-frequency hearing and low ambient noise. (2) Signs/symptoms: Hearing loss and tinnitus are prominent in affected diplomats and in RF/MW-affected individuals. Each of the protean symptoms that diplomats report also affect persons reporting symptoms from RF/MW: sleep problems, headaches, and cognitive problems dominate in both groups. Sensations of pressure or vibration figure in each. Both encompass vision, balance, and speech problems and nosebleeds. Brain injury and brain swelling are reported in both. (3) Mechanisms: Oxidative stress provides a documented mechanism of RF/MW injury compatible with reported signs and symptoms; sequelae of endothelial dysfunction (yielding blood flow compromise), membrane damage, blood-brain barrier disruption, mitochondrial injury, apoptosis, and autoimmune triggering afford downstream mechanisms, of varying persistence, that merit investigation. (4) Of note, microwaving of the U.S. embassy in Moscow is historically documented. Conclusions and relevance: Reported facts appear consistent with pulsed RF/MW as the source of injury in affected diplomats. Nondiplomats citing symptoms from RF/MW, often with an inciting pulsed-RF/MW exposure, report compatible health conditions. Under the RF/MW hypothesis, lessons learned for diplomats and for RF/MW-affected civilians may each aid the other.
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20
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Medina-Fernández FJ, Escribano BM, Padilla-Del-Campo C, Drucker-Colín R, Pascual-Leone Á, Túnez I. Transcranial magnetic stimulation as an antioxidant. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:381-389. [PMID: 29385851 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1434313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, different transcranial magnetic stimulation protocols have been developed as a therapeutic tool against neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases, although the biochemical, molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these effects are not well known. Recent data show that those magnetic stimulation protocols showing beneficial effects could trigger an anti-oxidant action that would favour, at least partially, their therapeutic effect. We have aimed to review the molecular effects related to oxidative damage induced by this therapeutic strategy, as well as from them addressing a broader definition of the anti-oxidant concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Medina-Fernández
- a Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería , Universidad de Córdoba , Córdoba , Spain.,b Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC) , Córdoba , Spain
| | - Begoña M Escribano
- a Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería , Universidad de Córdoba , Córdoba , Spain.,c Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología , Universidad de Córdoba , Córdoba , Spain
| | | | - René Drucker-Colín
- e Departmento de Neuropatología Molecular , Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Ciudad de México , DF , México
| | - Álvaro Pascual-Leone
- f Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology , Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Isaac Túnez
- a Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería , Universidad de Córdoba , Córdoba , Spain.,b Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC) , Córdoba , Spain
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21
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Kıvrak EG, Yurt KK, Kaplan AA, Alkan I, Altun G. Effects of electromagnetic fields exposure on the antioxidant defense system. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2017; 5:167-176. [PMID: 30023251 PMCID: PMC6025786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmau.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Technological devices have become essential components of daily life. However, their deleterious effects on the body, particularly on the nervous system, are well known. Electromagnetic fields (EMF) have various chemical effects, including causing deterioration in large molecules in cells and imbalance in ionic equilibrium. Despite being essential for life, oxygen molecules can lead to the generation of hazardous by-products, known as reactive oxygen species (ROS), during biological reactions. These reactive oxygen species can damage cellular components such as proteins, lipids and DNA. Antioxidant defense systems exist in order to keep free radical formation under control and to prevent their harmful effects on the biological system. Free radical formation can take place in various ways, including ultraviolet light, drugs, lipid oxidation, immunological reactions, radiation, stress, smoking, alcohol and biochemical redox reactions. Oxidative stress occurs if the antioxidant defense system is unable to prevent the harmful effects of free radicals. Several studies have reported that exposure to EMF results in oxidative stress in many tissues of the body. Exposure to EMF is known to increase free radical concentrations and traceability and can affect the radical couple recombination. The purpose of this review was to highlight the impact of oxidative stress on antioxidant systems. Abbreviations: EMF, electromagnetic fields; RF, radiofrequency; ROS, reactive oxygen species; GSH, glutathione; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; GR, glutathione reductase; GST, glutathione S-transferase; CAT, catalase; SOD, superoxide dismutase; HSP, heat shock protein; EMF/RFR, electromagnetic frequency and radiofrequency exposures; ELF-EMFs, exposure to extremely low frequency; MEL, melatonin; FA, folic acid; MDA, malondialdehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elfide Gizem Kıvrak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Kıymet Kübra Yurt
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Arife Ahsen Kaplan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Işınsu Alkan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gamze Altun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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Djordjevic NZ, Paunović MG, Peulić AS. Anxiety-like behavioural effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:21693-21699. [PMID: 28756602 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9710-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) has received considerable attention for its potential biological effects. Numerous studies have shown the role of ELF-EMF in behaviour modulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term ELF-EMF (50 Hz) in the development of anxiety-like behaviour in rats through change hypothalamic oxidative stress and NO. Ten adult male rats (Wistar albino) were divided in two groups: control group-without exposure to ELF-EMF and experimental group-exposed to ELF-EMF during 7 days. After the exposure, time open field test and elevated plus maze were used to evaluate the anxiety-like behaviour of rats. Upon completion of the behavioural tests, concentrations of superoxide anion (O2·-), nitrite (NO2-, as an indicator of NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) were determined in the hypothalamus of the animals. Obtained results show that ELF-EMF both induces anxiety-like behaviour and increases concentrations of O2·- and NO, whereas it did not effect on ONOO- concentration in hypothalamus of rats. In conclusion, the development of anxiety-like behaviour is mediated by oxidative stress and increased NO concentration in hypothalamus of rats exposed to ELF-EMF during 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Z Djordjevic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadzica bb, Novi Pazar, 36300, Serbia.
| | - Milica G Paunović
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Deniz ÖG, Kıvrak EG, Kaplan AA, Altunkaynak BZ. Effects of folic acid on rat kidney exposed to 900 MHz electromagnetic radiation. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2017; 5:198-205. [PMID: 30023255 PMCID: PMC6025785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmau.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of increased use of cell phones, the purpose of this study was to investigation of the oxidative damage caused by electromagnetic radiation (EMR) emitted by cell phones and histological and morphometrical determination of the possible protective role of folic acid (FA) in preventing the detrimental effects of EMR on the kidney. Twenty-four adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into control (Cont), EMR, EMR + FA and FA groups, each containing six rats. The EMR and EMR + FA groups were exposed to EMR for 60 min a day over a period of 21 days, while no EMR exposure was applied to the Cont and FA groups. The source of the EMR was an EMR device which emits a digital signal producing 900-MHz frequency radiation. The generator connected to a one-monopole antenna was used in this study and the rats were placed in the plexiglass restrainer at an equal distance from the monopole antenna. Following the experimental period, and after tissue processing, a physical disector-Cavalieri method combination was applied to the sections. The mean volume of the cortex, medulla, proximal and distal tubules increased significantly in the EMR groups compared to the Cont group (p < 0.01). Contrarily, the total number of glomeruli in the EMR group decreased compared to the Cont group (p < 0.01). The protective effects of FA was observed in the kidney (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the 900-MHz EMR leads to kidney damage. FA may exhibit a protective effect against the adverse effects of EMR exposure in terms of the total number of glomeruli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömür Gülsüm Deniz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, 55139, Turkey
| | - Elfide Gizem Kıvrak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, 55139, Turkey
| | - Arife Ahsen Kaplan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, 55139, Turkey
| | - Berrin Zuhal Altunkaynak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, 55139, Turkey
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Miliša M, Đikić D, Mandić T, Grozić D, Čolić I, Ostojić A. Response of aquatic protists to electric field exposure. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:818-830. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1321809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Miliša
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Đikić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tvrtko Mandić
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dino Grozić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Čolić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Ostojić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Cichoń N, Bijak M, Miller E, Saluk J. Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) reduces oxidative stress and improves functional and psychological status in ischemic stroke patients. Bioelectromagnetics 2017; 38:386-396. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.22055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Cichoń
- Department of General Biochemistry; University of Lodz; Lodz Poland
| | - Michał Bijak
- Department of General Biochemistry; University of Lodz; Lodz Poland
| | - Elżbieta Miller
- Department of Physical Medicine; Medical University of Lodz; Lodz Poland
- Neurorehabilitation Ward; III General Hospital in Lodz; Lodz Poland
| | - Joanna Saluk
- Department of General Biochemistry; University of Lodz; Lodz Poland
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Lai J, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Liu X, Ruan G, Chaugai S, Tang J, Wang H, Chen C, Wang DW. Effects of 100-μT extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields exposure on hematograms and blood chemistry in rats. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2016; 57:16-24. [PMID: 26404558 PMCID: PMC4708915 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrv059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test whether extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF EMFs) affect health or not. Here, we constructed a 100-μT/50 Hz electromagnetic field atmosphere. A total of 128 rats were randomly assigned into two groups: the ELF EMF group and the sham group. The ELF EMF group was exposed to 100-μT/50-Hz ELF EMF for 20 h per day for three months; at the same time the other group was exposed to a sham device without ELF EMF. During the three months, the weight was recorded every 2 weeks, and the water intake and food intake of the animals were recorded weekly. The hematologic parameters were detected before and after the exposure, whereas blood chemistry analysis was performed every 4 weeks. The general condition of the exposed rats was not affected by ELF EMF. Compared with the sham group, the hematograms were not significantly altered in the ELF EMF group. Similarly, the blood chemistry (including lipid profile, blood glucose, liver function and renal function of rats) from the ELF EMF group showed no difference compared with rats from the control group during the three months exposure. The present study indicated that short-term exposure of 100-μT/50-Hz ELF EMF may not affect hematograms and blood chemistry in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Lai
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan,430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yemao Zhang
- High Voltage Research Institute, China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangong Zhang
- High Voltage Research Institute, China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingfa Liu
- High Voltage Research Institute, China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoran Ruan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan,430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Sandip Chaugai
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan,430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarong Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan,430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan,430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan,430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan,430030, People's Republic of China
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Ulubay M, Yahyazadeh A, Deniz ÖG, Kıvrak EG, Altunkaynak BZ, Erdem G, Kaplan S. Effects of prenatal 900 MHz electromagnetic field exposures on the histology of rat kidney. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:35-41. [PMID: 25084839 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.950436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To research the harmful effects of prenatal exposure of 900 megahertz (MHz) electromagnetic field (EMF) on kidneys of four-week-old male rats and to determine protective effects of melatonin (MEL) and omega-3 (ω-3). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-one Wistar albino rats were randomly placed into seven groups as follows: Control (Cont), Sham, MEL, ω-3, EMF, EMF+ MEL and EMF+ω-3. After mating, three groups (EMF, EMF+ MEL, EMF+ ω-3) were exposed to an EMF. In the fourth week subsequent to parturition, six rats were randomly chosen from each group. Mean volume of kidneys and renal cortices, the total number of glomeruli and basic histological structure of kidney were evaluated by stereological and light microscopical methods, respectively. RESULTS Stereological results determined the mean volume of the kidneys and cortices were significantly increased in EMF-exposed groups compared to the Cont group. However, EMF-unexposed groups were not significantly modified compared to the Cont group. Additionally, the total number of glomeruli was significantly higher in EMF-unexposed groups compared to the Cont group. Alternatively, the number of glomeruli in EMF-exposed groups was decreased compared to the Cont group. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure of rat kidneys to 900 MHz EMF resulted in increased total kidney volume and decreased the numbers of glomeruli. Moreover, MEL and ω-3 prevented adverse effects of EMF on the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Ulubay
- Department of Urology, Medical Park Hospital , Samsun , Turkey
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Türedi S, Hancı H, Topal Z, Ünal D, Mercantepe T, Bozkurt İ, Kaya H, Odacı E. The effects of prenatal exposure to a 900-MHz electromagnetic field on the 21-day-old male rat heart. Electromagn Biol Med 2014; 34:390-7. [PMID: 25166431 DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2014.952742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The growing spread of mobile phone use is raising concerns about the effect on human health of the electromagnetic field (EMF) these devices emit. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects on rat pup heart tissue of prenatal exposure to a 900 megahertz (MHz) EMF. For this purpose, pregnant rats were divided into experimental and control groups. Experimental group rats were exposed to a 900 MHz EMF (1 h/d) on days 13-21 of pregnancy. Measurements were performed with rats inside the exposure box in order to determine the distribution of EMF intensity. Our measurements showed that pregnant experimental group rats were exposed to a mean electrical field intensity of 13.77 V/m inside the box (0.50 W/m(2)). This study continued with male rat pups obtained from both groups. Pups were sacrificed on postnatal day 21, and the heart tissues were extracted. Malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and catalase values were significantly higher in the experimental group rats, while glutathione values were lower. Light microscopy revealed irregularities in heart muscle fibers and apoptotic changes in the experimental group. Electron microscopy revealed crista loss and swelling in the mitochondria, degeneration in myofibrils and structural impairments in Z bands. Our study results suggest that exposure to EMF in the prenatal period causes oxidative stress and histopathological changes in male rat pup heart tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Türedi
- a Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Karadeniz Technical University , Trabzon , Turkey
| | - Hatice Hancı
- a Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Karadeniz Technical University , Trabzon , Turkey
| | - Zehra Topal
- a Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Karadeniz Technical University , Trabzon , Turkey
| | - Deniz Ünal
- b Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Tolga Mercantepe
- c Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University , Rize , Turkey
| | - İlyas Bozkurt
- d Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey , and
| | - Haydar Kaya
- e Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Karadeniz Technical University , Trabzon , Turkey
| | - Ersan Odacı
- a Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Karadeniz Technical University , Trabzon , Turkey
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Odacı E, Ünal D, Mercantepe T, Topal Z, Hancı H, Türedi S, Erol HS, Mungan S, Kaya H, Çolakoğlu S. Pathological effects of prenatal exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field on the 21-day-old male rat kidney. Biotech Histochem 2014; 90:93-101. [PMID: 25158858 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2014.947322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects on kidney tissue of 900 megahertz (MHz) EMF applied during the prenatal period. Pregnant rats were exposed to 900 MHz EMF, 1 h/day, on days 13-21 of pregnancy; no procedure was performed on control group pregnant rats or on mothers or newborns after birth. On postnatal day 21, kidney tissues of male rat pups from both groups were examined by light and electron microscopy. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione levels also were investigated. Light microscopy revealed some degenerative changes in the tubule epithelium, small cystic formations in the primitive tubules and large cysts in the cortico-medullary or medullary regions in the experimental group. Electron microscopy revealed a loss of peritubular capillaries and atypical parietal layer epithelial cells in the experimental group. Biochemical analysis showed significantly increased MDA levels in the experimental group and decreased SOD and CAT levels. EMF applied during the prenatal period can caused pathological changes in kidney tissue in 21-day-old male rats owing to oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant enzyme levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Odacı
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University , Trabzon , Turkey
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Hajhosseini L, Khaki A, Merat E, Ainehchi N. Effect of rosmarinic acid on sertoli cells apoptosis and serum antioxidant levels in rats after exposure to electromagnetic fields. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2013; 10:477-80. [PMID: 24311872 PMCID: PMC3847387 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v10i6.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid belongs to the group of polyphenols; it has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities and help to prevent cell damage caused by free radicals. The objective was to study the effect of Rosmarinic acid on sertolli cells apoptosis and serum antioxidant levels in rats after they were exposed to electromagnetic fields. Male Wistar rats (n=40) were allocated into three groups: control group (n=10) that received 5 cc normal saline (0.9% NaCl) daily by gavage method, Rosmarinic acid group that received 5mg/rat (gavage) (n=10), electromagnetic fields (EMF) group that had exposure with 50 hz (n=20) which was subdivided to two groups of 10; EMF group and treatment group. Treatment group received 5mg/rat (gavage) Rosmarinic acid daily for 6 weeks, respectively. However, the control group just received an equal volume of distilled water daily (gavage). On the 42nd day of research, 5 cc blood was collected to measure testosterone hormones, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), levels from whole group's analysis. Level of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and sertoli cells apoptosis significantly decreased in the group that received 5mg/rat of Rosmarinic acid (P<0.05) in comparison with experimental groups. Level of testosterone, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), significantly increased in groups that received Rosmarinic acid (P<0.05). Since in our study 5mg/rat of Rosmarinic acid showed significantly preventive effect on cell damages especial sertoli cells apoptosis that caused with EMF, it seems that using Rosmarinic acid as food additive can be effective for supporting people living under EMF environmental pollution.
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Abstract
The use of electrical devices has gradually increased throughout the last century, and scientists have suggested that electromagnetic fields (EMF) generated by such devices may have harmful effects on living creatures. This work represents a systematic review of collective scholarly literature examining the effects of EMFs on the heart. Although most works describing effects of EMF exposure have been carried out using city electric frequencies (50–60 Hz), a consensus has not been reached about whether long- or short-term exposure to 50–60 Hz EMF negatively affects the heart. Studies have indicated that EMFs produced at cell-phone frequencies cause no-effect on the heart. Differences between results of studies may be due to a compensatory response developed by the body over time. At greater EMF strengths or shorter exposures, the ability of the body to develop compensation mechanisms is reduced and the potential for heart-related effects increases. It is noteworthy that diseases of heart tissues such as myocardial ischemia can also be successfully treated using EMF. Despite the substantial volume of data that has been collected on heart-related effects of EMFs, additional studies are needed at the cellular and molecular level to fully clarify the subject. Until the effects of EMF on heart tissue are more fully explored, electronic devices generating EMFs should be approached with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Elmas
- Sanliurfa Training and Research Hospital, Physiology Laboratory, Sanliurfa, Turkey
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Ni S, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Wu W, Lai K, Yao K. Study of oxidative stress in human lens epithelial cells exposed to 1.8 GHz radiofrequency fields. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72370. [PMID: 23991100 PMCID: PMC3753251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aims of the present study were to determine oxidative stress and to explore possible reasons of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase in human lens epithelial (HLE) B3 cells exposed to low intensity 1.8 GHz radiofrequency fields (RF). Methods The HLE B3 cells were divided into RF exposure and RF sham-exposure groups. The RF exposure intensity was at specific absorption rate (SAR) of 2, 3, or 4 W/kg. The ROS levels were measured by a fluorescent probe 2′7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay in the HLE B3 cells exposed to 1.8 GHz RF for 0.5, 1, and 1.5 h. Lipid peroxidation and cellular viability were detected by an MDA test and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays, respectively, in the HLE B3 cells exposed to 1.8 GHz RF for 6, 12, and 24 h, respectively. The mRNA expression of SOD1, SOD2, CAT, and GPx1 genes and the expression of SOD1, SOD2, CAT, and GPx1 proteins was measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot assays in the HLE B3 cells exposed to 1.8 GHz RF for 1 h. Results The ROS and MDA levels significantly increased (P<0.05) in the RF exposure group and that the cellular viability, mRNA expression of four genes, and expression of four proteins significantly decreased (P<0.05) compared with the RF sham-exposure group. Conclusions Oxidative stress is present in HLE B3 cells exposed to 1.8 GHz low-intensity RF and that the increased production of ROS may be related to down-regulation of four antioxidant enzyme genes induced by RF exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Ni
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yibo Yu
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yidong Zhang
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kairan Lai
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail:
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Mattsson MO, Simkó M. Is there a relation between extremely low frequency magnetic field exposure, inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases? A review of in vivo and in vitro experimental evidence. Toxicology 2012; 301:1-12. [PMID: 22750629 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Possible health consequences of exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) have received considerable interest during the last decades. One area of concern is neurodegenerative diseases (NDD), where epidemiological evidence suggests a correlation between MF exposure and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review is focussing on animal and in vitro studies employing ELF-MF exposures to see if there is mechanistic support for any causal connection between NDD and MF-exposure. The hypothesis is that ELF-MF exposure can promote inflammation processes and thus influence the progression of NDD. A firm conclusion regarding this hypothesis is difficult to draw based on available studies, since there is a lack of experimental studies that have addressed the question of ELF-MF exposure and NDD. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of the performed studies regarding, e.g., the exposure duration, the flux density, the biological endpoint and the cell type and the time point of investigation is substantial and makes conclusions difficult to draw. Nevertheless, the investigated evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies suggest that short-term MF-exposure causes mild oxidative stress (modest ROS increases and changes in antioxidant levels) and possibly activates anti-inflammatory processes (decrease in pro-inflammatory and increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines). The few studies that specifically have investigated NDDs or NDD relevant end-points show that effects of exposure are either lacking or indicating positive effects on neuronal viability and differentiation. In both immune and NDD relevant studies, experiments with realistic long-term exposures are lacking. Importantly, consequences of a possible long-lasting mild oxidative stress are thus not investigated. In summary, the existing experimental studies are not adequate in answering if there is a causal relationship between MF-exposure and AD, as suggested in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats-Olof Mattsson
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Health and Environment Department, Environmental Resources and Technologies, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, AT-3430 Tulln, Austria.
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Nazıroğlu M, ÇIğ B, Doğan S, Uğuz AC, Dilek S, Faouzi D. 2.45-Gz wireless devices induce oxidative stress and proliferation through cytosolic Ca2+influx in human leukemia cancer cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 88:449-56. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2012.682192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Martínez-Sámano J, Torres-Durán PV, Juárez-Oropeza MA, Verdugo-Díaz L. Effect of Acute Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure on the Antioxidant Status and Lipid Levels in Rat Brain. Arch Med Res 2012; 43:183-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kiray A, Tayefi H, Kiray M, Bagriyanik HA, Pekcetin C, Ergur BU, Ozogul C. The effects of exposure to electromagnetic field on rat myocardium. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 29:418-25. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233711434957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) causes increased adverse effects on biological systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of EMF on heart tissue by biochemical and histomorphological evaluations in EMF-exposed adult rats. In this study, 28 male Wistar rats weighing 200–250 g were used. The rats were divided into two groups: sham group ( n = 14) and EMF group ( n = 14). Rats in sham group were exposed to same conditions as the EMF group except the exposure to EMF. Rats in EMF group were exposed to a 50-Hz EMF of 3 mT for 4 h/day and 7 days/week for 2 months. After 2 months of exposure, rats were killed; the hearts were excised and evaluated. Determination of oxidative stress parameters was performed spectrophotometrically. To detect apoptotic cells, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and caspase-3 immunohistochemistry were performed. In EMF-exposed group, levels of lipid peroxidation significantly increased and activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase decreased compared with sham group. The number of TUNEL-positive cells and caspase-3 immunoreactivity increased in EMF-exposed rats compared with sham. Under electron microscopy, there were mitochondrial degeneration, reduction in myofibrils, dilated sarcoplasmic reticulum and perinuclear vacuolization in EMF-exposed rats. In conclusion, the results show that the exposure to EMF causes oxidative stress, apoptosis and morphologic damage in myocardium of adult rats. The results of our study indicate that EMF-related changes in rat myocardium could be the result of increased oxidative stress. Further studies are needed to demonstrate whether the exposure to EMF can induce adverse effects on myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amac Kiray
- Department of Anatomy, Dokuz Eylul University Medical School, Turkey
| | - Hamid Tayefi
- Department of Anatomy, Tehran University Medical School, Iran
| | - Muge Kiray
- Department of Physiology, Dokuz Eylul University Medical School, Turkey
| | | | - Cetin Pekcetin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dokuz Eylul University Medical School, Turkey
| | - Bekir Ugur Ergur
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dokuz Eylul University Medical School, Turkey
| | - Candan Ozogul
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Gazi University Medical School, Turkey
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Protective effects of β-glucan against oxidative injury induced by 2.45-GHz electromagnetic radiation in the skin tissue of rats. Arch Dermatol Res 2012; 304:521-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-012-1205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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38
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Türker Y, Nazıroğlu M, Gümral N, Celik O, Saygın M, Cömlekçi S, Flores-Arce M. Selenium and L-carnitine reduce oxidative stress in the heart of rat induced by 2.45-GHz radiation from wireless devices. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 143:1640-50. [PMID: 21360060 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-8994-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective role of selenium and L-carnitine on oxidative stress induced by 2.45-GHz radiation in heart of rat. For this purpose, 30 male Wistar Albino rats were equally divided into five groups namely controls, sham controls, radiation-exposed rats, radiation-exposed rats treated with intraperitoneal injections of sodium selenite at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg/day, and radiation-exposed rats treated with intraperitoneal injections of L-carnitine at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg/day. Except for the controls and sham controls, the animals were exposed to 2.45-GHz radiation during 60 min/day for 28 days. The lipid peroxidation (LP) levels were higher in the radiation-exposed groups than in the control and sham control groups. The lipid peroxidation level in the irradiated animals treated with selenium and L-carnitine was lower than in those that were only exposed to 2.45-GHz radiation. The concentrations of vitamins A, C, and E were lower in the irradiated-only group relative to control and sham control groups, but their concentrations were increased in the groups treated with selenium- and L-carnitine. The activity of glutathione peroxidase was higher in the selenium-treated group than in the animals that were irradiated but received no treatment. The erythrocyte-reduced glutathione and β-carotene concentrations did not change in any of the groups. In conclusion, 2.45-GHz electromagnetic radiation caused oxidative stress in the heart of rats. There is an apparent protective effect of selenium and L-carnitine by inhibition of free radical formation and support of the antioxidant redox system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Türker
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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Chen YB, Li J, Liu JY, Zeng LH, Wan Y, Li YR, Ren D, Guo GZ. Effect of Electromagnetic Pulses (EMP) on associative learning in mice and a preliminary study of mechanism. Int J Radiat Biol 2011; 87:1147-54. [PMID: 21929296 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2011.584937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of electromagnetic pulses (EMP) on associative learning in mice and test a preliminary mechanism for these effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS A tapered parallel plate gigahertz transverse electromagnetic (GTEM) cell with a flared rectangular coaxial transmission line was used to expose male BALB/c mice to EMP (peak-intensity 400 kV/m, rise-time 10 ns, pulse-width 350 ns, 0.5 Hz and total 200 pulses). Concurrent sham-exposed mice were used as a control. Associative learning, oxidative stress in the brain, serum chemistry and the protective action of tocopherol monoglucoside (TMG) in mice were measured, respectively. RESULTS (1) Twelve hour and 1 day post EMP exposure associative learning was reduced significantly compared with sham control (p<0.05) but recovered at 2 d post EMP exposure. (2) Compared with the sham control, lipid peroxidation of brain tissue and chemiluminescence (CL) intensity increased significantly (p<0.05), while the activity of the antioxidant enzymes Superoxide Dismutase [SOD], Glutathione [GSH], Glutathione Peroxidase [GSH-Px], Catalase [CAT]) decreased significantly (p<0.05) at 3 h, 6 h, 12 h and 1 d post EMP exposure. All these parameters recovered at 2 d post EMP exposure. (3) No significant differences between the sham control group and EMP exposed group were observed in serum cholesterol and triglycerides. (4) Pretreatment of mice with TMG showed protective effects to EMP exposure. CONCLUSIONS EMP exposure significantly decreased associative learning in mice and TMG acted as an effective protective agent from EMP exposure. This mechanism could involve an increase of oxidative stress in brain by EMP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Bin Chen
- Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Radiation Medicine, Xi'an, PR China
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