1
|
Gresham RC, Filler AC, Fok SW, Czachor M, Schmier N, Pearson C, Bahney C, Leach JK. Compliant substrates mitigate the senescence associated phenotype of stress induced mesenchymal stromal cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:770-780. [PMID: 38095311 PMCID: PMC10948313 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising cell population for musculoskeletal cell-based therapies due to their multipotent differentiation capacity and complex secretome. Cells from younger donors are mechanosensitive, evidenced by changes in cell morphology, adhesivity, and differentiation as a function of substrate stiffness in both two- and three-dimensional culture. However, MSCs from older individuals exhibit reduced differentiation potential and increased senescence, limiting their potential for autologous use. While substrate stiffness is known to modulate cell phenotype, the influence of the mechanical environment on senescent MSCs is poorly described. To address this question, we cultured irradiation induced premature senescent MSCs on polyacrylamide hydrogels and assessed expression of senescent markers, cell morphology, and secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Compared to cells on tissue culture plastic, senescent MSCs exhibited decreased markers of the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) when cultured on 50 kPa gels, yet common markers of senescence (e.g., p21, CDKN2A, CDKN1A) were unaffected. These effects were muted in a physiologically relevant heterotypic mix of healthy and senescent MSCs. Conditioned media from senescent MSCs on compliant substrates increased osteoblast mineralization compared to conditioned media from cells on TCP. Mixed populations of senescent and healthy cells induced similar levels of osteoblast mineralization compared to healthy MSCs, further indicating an attenuation of the senescent phenotype in heterotypic populations. These data indicate that senescent MSCs exhibit a decrease in senescent phenotype when cultured on compliant substrates, which may be leveraged to improve autologous cell therapies for older donors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert C.H. Gresham
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Andrea C. Filler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Shierly W. Fok
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Molly Czachor
- Steadman Phillippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA
| | - Natalie Schmier
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Claire Pearson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - J. Kent Leach
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kumar H, Dhalaria R, Guleria S, Cimler R, Sharma R, Siddiqui SA, Valko M, Nepovimova E, Dhanjal DS, Singh R, Kumar V, Pathera AK, Verma N, Kaur T, Manickam S, Alomar SY, Kuča K. Anti-oxidant potential of plants and probiotic spp. in alleviating oxidative stress induced by H 2O 2. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115022. [PMID: 37336149 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a metabolic by-product. ROS molecules trigger oxidative stress as a feedback response that significantly initiates biological processes such as autophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis. Furthermore, extensive research has revealed that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important ROS entity and plays a crucial role in several physiological processes, including cell differentiation, cell signalling, and apoptosis. However, excessive production of H2O2 has been shown to disrupt biomolecules and cell organelles, leading to an inflammatory response and contributing to the development of health complications such as collagen deposition, aging, liver fibrosis, sepsis, ulcerative colitis, etc. Extracts of different plant species, phytochemicals, and Lactobacillus sp (probiotic) have been reported for their anti-oxidant potential. In this view, the researchers have gained significant interest in exploring the potential plants spp., their phytochemicals, and the potential of Lactobacillus sp. strains that exhibit anti-oxidant properties and health benefits. Thus, the current review focuses on comprehending the information related to the formation of H2O2, the factors influencing it, and their pathophysiology imposed on human health. Moreover, this review also discussed the anti-oxidant potential and role of different extract of plants, Lactobacillus sp. and their fermented products in curbing H2O2‑induced oxidative stress in both in-vitro and in-vivo models via boosting the anti-oxidative activity, inhibiting of important enzyme release and downregulation of cytochrome c, cleaved caspases-3, - 8, and - 9 expression. In particular, this knowledge will assist R&D sections in biopharmaceutical and food industries in developing herbal medicine and probiotics-based or derived food products that can effectively alleviate oxidative stress issues induced by H2O2 generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rajni Dhalaria
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Shivani Guleria
- Department of Biotechnology, TIFAC-Centre of Relevance and Excellence in Agro and Industrial Biotechnology (CORE), Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147001, India
| | - Richard Cimler
- Centre of Advanced Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Essigberg 3, 94315 Straubing, Germany.
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 81237, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Reena Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Jhansi 284003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Narinder Verma
- School of Management and Liberal Arts, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Talwinder Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, DAV University, Sarmastpur, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei
| | - Suliman Y Alomar
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wei F, Tuong ZK, Omer M, Ngo C, Asiatico J, Kinzel M, Pugazhendhi AS, Khaled AR, Ghosh R, Coathup M. A novel multifunctional radioprotective strategy using P7C3 as a countermeasure against ionizing radiation-induced bone loss. Bone Res 2023; 11:34. [PMID: 37385982 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00273-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a critical component of cancer care but can cause osteoporosis and pathological insufficiency fractures in surrounding and otherwise healthy bone. Presently, no effective countermeasure exists, and ionizing radiation-induced bone damage continues to be a substantial source of pain and morbidity. The purpose of this study was to investigate a small molecule aminopropyl carbazole named P7C3 as a novel radioprotective strategy. Our studies revealed that P7C3 repressed ionizing radiation (IR)-induced osteoclastic activity, inhibited adipogenesis, and promoted osteoblastogenesis and mineral deposition in vitro. We also demonstrated that rodents exposed to clinically equivalent hypofractionated levels of IR in vivo develop weakened, osteoporotic bone. However, the administration of P7C3 significantly inhibited osteoclastic activity, lipid formation and bone marrow adiposity and mitigated tissue loss such that bone maintained its area, architecture, and mechanical strength. Our findings revealed significant enhancement of cellular macromolecule metabolic processes, myeloid cell differentiation, and the proteins LRP-4, TAGLN, ILK, and Tollip, with downregulation of GDF-3, SH2B1, and CD200. These proteins are key in favoring osteoblast over adipogenic progenitor differentiation, cell matrix interactions, and shape and motility, facilitating inflammatory resolution, and suppressing osteoclastogenesis, potentially via Wnt/β-catenin signaling. A concern was whether P7C3 afforded similar protection to cancer cells. Preliminarily, and remarkably, at the same protective P7C3 dose, a significant reduction in triple-negative breast cancer and osteosarcoma cell metabolic activity was found in vitro. Together, these results indicate that P7C3 is a previously undiscovered key regulator of adipo-osteogenic progenitor lineage commitment and may serve as a novel multifunctional therapeutic strategy, leaving IR an effective clinical tool while diminishing the risk of adverse post-IR complications. Our data uncover a new approach for the prevention of radiation-induced bone damage, and further work is needed to investigate its ability to selectively drive cancer cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wei
- Biionix Cluster, and Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Zewen Kelvin Tuong
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Mahmoud Omer
- Biionix Cluster, and Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Christopher Ngo
- Biionix Cluster, and Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Jackson Asiatico
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Michael Kinzel
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Abinaya Sindu Pugazhendhi
- Biionix Cluster, and Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Annette R Khaled
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Ranajay Ghosh
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Melanie Coathup
- Biionix Cluster, and Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang KX, Ye C, Yang X, Ma P, Yan C, Luo L. New Insights into the Understanding of Mechanisms of Radiation-Induced Heart Disease. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2023; 24:12-29. [PMID: 36598620 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-022-01041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Cancer patients who receive high-dose thoracic radiotherapy may develop radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD). The clinical presentation of RIHD comprises coronary artery atherosclerosis, valvular disease, pericarditis, cardiomyopathy, and conduction defects. These complications have significantly reduced due to the improved radiotherapy techniques. However, such methods still could not avoid heart radiation exposure. Furthermore, people who received relatively low-dose radiation exposures have exhibited significantly elevated RIHD risks in cohort studies of atomic bomb survivors and occupational exposures. The increased potential in exposure to natural and artificial ionizing radiation sources has emphasized the necessity to understand the development of RIHD. The pathological processes of RIHD include endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, fibrosis, and hypertrophy. The underlying mechanisms may involve the changes in oxidative stress, DNA damage response, telomere erosion, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic regulation, circulation factors, protein post-translational modification, and metabolites. This review will discuss the recent advances in the mechanisms of RIHD at cellular and molecular levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Xuan Wang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Ye
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Yang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 330006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lan Luo
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gresham RC, Kumar D, Copp J, Lee MA, Leach JK. Characterization of Induction and Targeting of Senescent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2022; 28:239-249. [PMID: 35438548 PMCID: PMC9247679 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2022.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from older donors have limited potential for bone tissue formation compared with cells from younger donors, and cellular senescence has been postulated as an underlying cause. There is a critical need for methods to induce premature senescence to study this phenomenon efficiently and reproducibly. However, the field lacks consensus on the appropriate method to induce and characterize senescence. Moreover, we have a limited understanding of the effects of commonly used induction methods on senescent phenotype. To address this significant challenge, we assessed the effect of replicative, hydrogen peroxide, etoposide, and irradiation-induced senescence on human MSCs using a battery of senescent cell characteristics. All methods arrested proliferation and resulted in increased cell spreading compared with low passage controls. Etoposide and irradiation increased expression of senescence-related genes in MSCs at early time points, proinflammatory cytokine secretion, DNA damage, and production of senescence-associated β-galactosidase. We then evaluated the effect of fisetin, a flavonoid and candidate senolytic agent, to clear senescent cells and promote osteogenic differentiation of MSCs entrapped in gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels in vitro. When studying a mixture of nonsenescent and senescent MSCs, we did not observe decreases in senescent markers or increases in osteogenesis with fisetin treatment. However, the application of the same treatment toward a heterogeneous population of human bone marrow-derived cells entrapped in GelMA decreased senescent markers and increased osteogenesis after 14 days in culture. These results identify best practices for inducing prematurely senescent MSCs and motivate the need for further study of fisetin as a senolytic agent. Impact Statement The accumulation of senescent cells within the body has detrimental effects on tissue homeostasis. To study the role of senescent cells on tissue repair and regeneration, there is a need for effective means to induce premature cell senescence. Herein, we characterized the influence of common stressors to induce premature senescence in human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Irradiation of MSCs resulted in a phenotype most similar to quiescent, high-passage cells. These studies establish key biomarkers for evaluation when studying senescent cells in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert C.H. Gresham
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Devanshi Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Copp
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, California, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Trauma Surgery, Forrest General Hospital, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA
| | - Mark A. Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - J. Kent Leach
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, California, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Address correspondence to: J. Kent Leach, PhD, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis Health, 4800 Y Street, Suite 3600, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kumar K, Datta K, Fornace AJ, Suman S. Total body proton and heavy-ion irradiation causes cellular senescence and promotes pro-osteoclastogenic activity in mouse bone marrow. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08691. [PMID: 35028468 PMCID: PMC8741516 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-LET photon radiation-induced persistent alterations in bone marrow (BM) cells are well documented in total-body irradiated (TBI) rodents and also among radiotherapy patients. However, the late effects of protons and high-LET heavy-ion radiation on BM cells and its implications in osteoclastogenesis are not fully understood. Therefore, C57BL6/J female mice (8 weeks; n = 10/group) were irradiated to sham, and 1 Gy of the proton (0.22 keV/μm), or high-LET 56Fe-ions (148 keV/μm) and at 60 d post-exposure, mice were sacrificed and femur sections were obtained for histological, cellular and molecular analysis. Cell proliferation (PCNA), cell death (active caspase-3), senescence (p16), osteoclast (RANK), osteoblast (OPG), osteoblast progenitor (c-Kit), and osteoclastogenesis-associated secretory factors (like RANKL) were assessed using immunostaining. While no change in cell proliferation and apoptosis between control and irradiated groups was noted, the number of BM megakaryocytes was significantly reduced in irradiated mice at 60 d post-exposure. A remarkable increase in p16 positive cells indicated a persistent increase in cell senescence, whereas increased RANKL/OPG ratio, reductions in the number of osteoblast progenitor cells, and osteocalcin provided clear evidence that exposure to both proton and 56Fe-ions promotes pro-osteoclastogenic activity in BM. Among irradiated groups, 56Fe-induced alterations in the BM cellularity and osteoclastogenesis were significantly greater than the protons that demonstrated a radiation quality-dependent effect. This study has implications in understanding the role of IR-induced late changes in the BM cells and its involvement in bone degeneration among deep-space astronauts, and also in patients undergoing proton or heavy-ion radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamendra Kumar
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Kamal Datta
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Albert J. Fornace
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Shubhankar Suman
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Human mesenchymal stromal cells maintain their stem cell traits after high-LET particle irradiation - Potential implications for particle radiotherapy and manned space missions. Cancer Lett 2022; 524:172-181. [PMID: 34688844 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The influence of high-linear energy transfer (LET) particle radiation on the functionalities of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is largely unknown. Here, we analyzed the effects of proton (1H), helium (4He), carbon (12C) and oxygen (16O) ions on human bone marrow-MSCs. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis induction were examined by flow cytometry, and DNA damage was quantified using γH2AX immunofluorescence and Western blots. Relative biological effectiveness values of MSCs amounted to 1.0-1.1 for 1H, 1.7-2.3 for 4He, 2.9-3.4 for 12C and 2.6-3.3 for 16O. Particle radiation did not alter the MSCs' characteristic surface marker pattern, and MSCs maintained their multi-lineage differentiation capabilities. Apoptosis rates ranged low for all radiation modalities. At 24 h after irradiation, particle radiation-induced ATM and CHK2 phosphorylation as well as γH2AX foci numbers returned to baseline levels. The resistance of human MSCs to high-LET irradiation suggests that MSCs remain functional after exposure to moderate doses of particle radiation as seen in normal tissues after particle radiotherapy or during manned space flights. In the future, in vivo models focusing on long-term consequences of particle irradiation on the bone marrow niche and MSCs are needed.
Collapse
|
8
|
Nanda SS, Wang T, Yoon HY, An SSA, Hembram KPSS, Kim K, Yi DK. Enhanced proliferation of rabbit chondrocytes by using a well circulated nanoshock system. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19388. [PMID: 34588578 PMCID: PMC8481538 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98929-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The gold nanorods (GNRs) embedded alginate-chitosan (scaffold), which was designed and fabricated to produce efficient handling of the cell proliferations. Scaffold embedded GNR (SGNR) and NIR (near infrared) irradiations are developing into an interesting medical prognosis tool for rabbit chondrocyte (RC) proliferation. SGNR contained a pattern of uniform pores. Biocompatibility and cellular proliferation achieved by disclosures to NIR irradiations, providing high cell survival. SGNR and NIR irradiations could produce mechanical and biochemical cues for regulating RCs proliferations. To determine the thermal stress, it exposed RCs to 39–42 °C for 0–240 min at the start point of the cell culture cycle. It produced photothermal stress in cellular surrounding (cells located adjacent to and within scaffold) and it deals with the proliferation behavior of RC. All the processes were modeled with experimental criteria and time evolution process. Our system could help the cell proliferation by generating heat for cells. Hence, the present strategy could be implemented for supporting cell therapeutics after transplantation. This implementation would open new design techniques for integrating the interfaces between NIR irradiated and non-irradiated tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuntun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Myongji University, Yongin, 03674, South Korea
| | - Hong Yeol Yoon
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, South Korea
| | - K P S S Hembram
- Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea. .,Korea University (KU)-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
| | - Dong Kee Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Myongji University, Yongin, 03674, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sweeney-Ambros AR, Nappi AN, Oest ME. In Vitro Radiosensitivity of Murine Marrow Stromal Cells Varies Across Donor Strains. Radiat Res 2021; 195:590-595. [PMID: 33826738 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00020.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models are widely used in the study of musculoskeletal radiobiology both in vivo and in vitro. Two of the most commonly used mouse strains are C57BL/6 and BALB/c. However, little is known about their equivalence in response to ionizing radiation. In this study we compare the responses of marrow stromal cells derived from both of these strains to X rays in vitro at passages 0 and 2. Colony-forming efficiency was significantly higher in BALB/c marrow stromal cells at passage 0. Radiation-induced decreases in colony-forming unit (CFU) formation at passage 0 were comparable across both strains at 0-2 Gy, but BALB/c stromal cells were more radiosensitive than C57BL/6 stromal cells at 3-7 Gy. Osteogenic differentiation at passage 2 was not affected by radiation for either strain. This work demonstrates that commonly used inbred mouse strains differ in their early-passage marrow stromal cell responses to X rays, including self-renewal and differentiation potential. This variability is an important point to consider when selecting an animal model for in vivo or in vitro study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander N Nappi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Megan E Oest
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Palacios-Pedrero MÁ, Osterhaus ADME, Becker T, Elbahesh H, Rimmelzwaan GF, Saletti G. Aging and Options to Halt Declining Immunity to Virus Infections. Front Immunol 2021; 12:681449. [PMID: 34054872 PMCID: PMC8149791 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.681449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence is a process associated with aging that leads to dysregulation of cells of innate and adaptive immunity, which may become dysfunctional. Consequently, older adults show increased severity of viral and bacterial infections and impaired responses to vaccinations. A better understanding of the process of immunosenescence will aid the development of novel strategies to boost the immune system in older adults. In this review, we focus on major alterations of the immune system triggered by aging, and address the effect of chronic viral infections, effectiveness of vaccination of older adults and strategies to improve immune function in this vulnerable age group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert D M E Osterhaus
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tanja Becker
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Husni Elbahesh
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guus F Rimmelzwaan
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Giulietta Saletti
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wei F, Neal CJ, Sakthivel TS, Seal S, Kean T, Razavi M, Coathup M. Cerium oxide nanoparticles protect against irradiation-induced cellular damage while augmenting osteogenesis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 126:112145. [PMID: 34082956 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Increased bone loss and risk of fracture are two of the main challenges for cancer patients who undergo ionizing radiation (IR) therapy. This decline in bone quality is in part, caused by the excessive and sustained release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) have proven antioxidant and regenerative properties and the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of CeONPs in reducing IR-induced functional damage in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs). hBMSCs were supplemented with CeONPs at a concentration of either 1 or 10 μg/mL 24 h prior to exposure to a single 7 Gy irradiation dose. ROS levels, cellular proliferation, morphology, senescence, DNA damage, p53 expression and autophagy were evaluated as well as alkaline phosphatase, osteogenic protein gene expression and bone matrix deposition following osteogenic differentiation. Results showed that supplementation of CeONPs at a concentration of 1 μg/mL reduced cell senescence and significantly augmented cell autophagy (p = 0.01), osteogenesis and bone matrix deposition >2-fold (p = 0.0001) while under normal, non-irradiated culture conditions. Following irradiation, functional damage was attenuated and CeONPs at both 1 or 10 μg/mL significantly reduced ROS levels (p = 0.05 and 0.001 respectively), DNA damage by >4-fold (p < 0.05) while increasing autophagy >3.5-fold and bone matrix deposition 5-fold (p = 0.0001 in both groups). When supplemented with 10 μg/mL, p53 expression increased 3.5-fold (p < 0.05). We conclude that cellular uptake of CeONPs offered a significant, multifunctional and protective effect against IR-induced cellular damage while also augmenting osteogenic differentiation and subsequent new bone deposition. The use of CeONPs holds promise as a novel multifunctional therapeutic strategy for irradiation-induced bone loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wei
- Biionix Cluster, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Craig J Neal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Nanoscience Technology Center (NSTC), Materials Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Tamil Selvan Sakthivel
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Nanoscience Technology Center (NSTC), Materials Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Sudipta Seal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Nanoscience Technology Center (NSTC), Materials Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Thomas Kean
- Biionix Cluster, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Mehdi Razavi
- Biionix Cluster, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Melanie Coathup
- Biionix Cluster, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang Y, Xu L, Wang J, Bai J, Zhai J, Zhu G. Radiation induces primary osteocyte senescence phenotype and affects osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:76. [PMID: 33693957 PMCID: PMC7949628 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Irradiation-induced bone remodeling imbalances arise as a consequence of the dysregulation of bone formation and resorption. Due to the abundance of osteocytes, their long life and their dual-regulatory effects on both osteoblast and osteoclast function, they serve as critical coordinators of bone remolding. In the present study, femur and tibia-derived primary osteocytes were cultured and irradiated to observe the functional changes and the cellular senescence phenotype in vitro. Irradiation directly reduced cell viability, affected the crucial dendritic morphology and altered the expression of functional proteins, including upregulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand and sclerostin, and downregulation of osteoprotegerin. Irradiated osteocytes were shown to exhibit notable DNA damage, which resulted in the initiation of a typical cellular senescence phenotype. Furthermore, it was found that irradiation-induced prematurely senescent osteocytes stimulate molecular secretion, referred to as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which may be involved in modulation of the bone microenvironment, including the promotion of osteoclastogenesis. Taken together, the results showed that irradiation triggered osteocyte senescence and the acquisition of an associated secretory phenotype. This further resulted in an imbalance of bone remodeling through senescent influence on proliferation, morphology and marker protein production, but also indirectly via a paracrine pathway through SASP secretion. The results of the present study may highlight the potential of SASP-targeted interventions for the management of radiation-induced bone loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Wang
- Department of Radiation Protection, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Linshan Xu
- Department of Radiation Protection, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Radiation Protection, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jiangtao Bai
- Department of Radiation Protection, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jianglong Zhai
- Department of Radiation Protection, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Guoying Zhu
- Department of Radiation Protection, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Belmans N, Gilles L, Welkenhuysen J, Vermeesen R, Baselet B, Salmon B, Baatout S, Jacobs R, Lucas S, Lambrichts I, Moreels M. In vitro Assessment of the DNA Damage Response in Dental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Following Low Dose X-ray Exposure. Front Public Health 2021; 9:584484. [PMID: 33692980 PMCID: PMC7939020 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.584484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells contained within the dental mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) population are crucial for tissue homeostasis. Assuring their genomic stability is therefore essential. Exposure of stem cells to ionizing radiation (IR) is potentially detrimental for normal tissue homeostasis. Although it has been established that exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation (IR) has severe adverse effects on MSCs, knowledge about the impact of low doses of IR is lacking. Here we investigated the effect of low doses of X-irradiation with medical imaging beam settings (<0.1 Gray; 900 mGray per hour), in vitro, on pediatric dental mesenchymal stromal cells containing dental pulp stem cells from deciduous teeth, dental follicle progenitor cells and stem cells from the apical papilla. DNA double strand break (DSB) formation and repair kinetics were monitored by immunocytochemistry of γH2AX and 53BP1 as well as cell cycle progression by flow cytometry and cellular senescence by senescence-associated β-galactosidase assay and ELISA. Increased DNA DSB repair foci, after exposure to low doses of X-rays, were measured as early as 30 min post-irradiation. The number of DSBs returned to baseline levels 24 h after irradiation. Cell cycle analysis revealed marginal effects of IR on cell cycle progression, although a slight G2/M phase arrest was seen in dental pulp stromal cells from deciduous teeth 72 h after irradiation. Despite this cell cycle arrest, no radiation-induced senescence was observed. In conclusion, low X-ray IR doses (< 0.1 Gray; 900 mGray per hour), were able to induce significant increases in the number of DNA DSBs repair foci, but cell cycle progression seems to be minimally affected. This highlights the need for more detailed and extensive studies on the effects of exposure to low IR doses on different mesenchymal stromal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Belmans
- Morphology Group, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Radiobiology Unit, Mol, Belgium
| | - Liese Gilles
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Radiobiology Unit, Mol, Belgium.,Environmental Risk and Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Randy Vermeesen
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Radiobiology Unit, Mol, Belgium
| | - Bjorn Baselet
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Radiobiology Unit, Mol, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Salmon
- Université de Paris, Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies UR2496 Lab, Montrouge, France.,Dental Medicine Department, AP-HP, Bretonneau hospital, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Radiobiology Unit, Mol, Belgium
| | - Reinhilde Jacobs
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentomaxillofacial Imaging Center, Department of Imaging and Pathology, OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, and University Hospitals, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Stéphane Lucas
- Laboratory of Analysis by Nuclear Reaction (LARN/PMR), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Radiobiology Unit, Mol, Belgium
| | - Marjan Moreels
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Radiobiology Unit, Mol, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Aging of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Hematopoiesis Disturbances and Potential Role in the Development of Hematologic Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010068. [PMID: 33383723 PMCID: PMC7794884 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As for many other cancers, the risk of developing hematologic malignancies increases considerably as people age. In recent years, a growing number of studies have highlighted the influence of the aging microenvironment on hematopoiesis and tumor progression. Mesenchymal stromal cells are a major player in intercellular communication inside the bone marrow microenvironment involved in hematopoiesis support. With aging, their functions may be altered, leading to hematopoiesis disturbances which can lead to hematologic cancers. A good understanding of the mechanisms involved in mesenchymal stem cell aging and the consequences on hematopoiesis and tumor progression is therefore necessary for a better comprehension of hematologic malignancies and for the development of therapeutic approaches. Abstract Aging of bone marrow is a complex process that is involved in the development of many diseases, including hematologic cancers. The results obtained in this field of research, year after year, underline the important role of cross-talk between hematopoietic stem cells and their close environment. In bone marrow, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a major player in cell-to-cell communication, presenting a wide range of functionalities, sometimes opposite, depending on the environmental conditions. Although these cells are actively studied for their therapeutic properties, their role in tumor progression remains unclear. One of the reasons for this is that the aging of MSCs has a direct impact on their behavior and on hematopoiesis. In addition, tumor progression is accompanied by dynamic remodeling of the bone marrow niche that may interfere with MSC functions. The present review presents the main features of MSC senescence in bone marrow and their implications in hematologic cancer progression.
Collapse
|
15
|
Rafieemehr H, Maleki Behzad M, Azandeh S, Farshchi N, Ghasemi Dehcheshmeh M, Saki N. Chemo/radiotherapy-Induced Bone Marrow Niche Alterations. Cancer Invest 2020; 39:180-194. [PMID: 33225760 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2020.1855353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) niche is a specific microenvironment for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) as well as non-hematopoietic cells. Evidence shows that chemo/radiotherapy can lead to the disruption of different properties of HSCs such as proliferation, differentiation, localization, self-renewa, and steady-state of cell populations. Investigations have shown that the deregulation of balance within the marrow cavity due to chemo/radiotherapy could lead to bone loss, abnormal hematopoiesis, and enhanced differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells towards the adipogenic lineage. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms of chemo/radiotherapy induced BM niche changes may lead to the application of appropriate therapeutic agents to prevent BM niche defects. Highlights Chemo/radiotherapy disrupts the steady-state of bone marrow niche cells and result in deregulation of normal balance of stromal cell populations. Chemo/radiotherapy agents play a significant role in reducing of bone formation as well as fat accumulation in the bone marrow niche. Targeting molecular pathways may lead to recovery of bone marrow niches after chemo/radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Rafieemehr
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masumeh Maleki Behzad
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saeed Azandeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center (CMRC), Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicin, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS), Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Niloofar Farshchi
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Najmaldin Saki
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bao X, Wang J, Zhou G, Aszodi A, Schönitzer V, Scherthan H, Atkinson MJ, Rosemann M. Extended in vitro culture of primary human mesenchymal stem cells downregulates Brca1-related genes and impairs DNA double-strand break recognition. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:1238-1250. [PMID: 32333827 PMCID: PMC7327915 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multilineage adult stem cells with considerable potential for cell‐based regenerative therapies. In vitro expansion changes their epigenetic and cellular properties, with a poorly understood impact on DNA damage response (DDR) and genome stability. We report here results of a transcriptome‐based pathway analysis of in vitro‐expanded human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cell (hBM‐MSCs), supplemented with cellular assays focusing on DNA double‐strand break (DSB) repair. Gene pathways affected by in vitro aging were mapped using gene ontology, KEGG, and GSEA, and were found to involve DNA repair, homologous recombination (HR), cell cycle control, and chromosomal replication. Assays for the recognition (γ‐H2AX + 53BP1 foci) and repair (pBRCA1 + γ‐H2AX foci) of X‐ray‐induced DNA DSBs in hBM‐MSCs show that over a period of 8 weeks of in vitro aging (i.e., about 10 doubling times), cells exhibit a reduced DDR and a higher fraction of residual DNA damage. Furthermore, a distinct subpopulation of cells with impaired DNA DSB recognition was observed. Several genes that participate in DNA repair by HR (e.g., Rad51, Rad54, BRCA1) show a 2.3‐ to fourfold reduction of their mRNA expression by qRT‐PCR. We conclude that the in vitro expansion of hMSCs can lead to aging‐related impairment of the recognition and repair of DNA breaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanwen Bao
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Medical Graduate School, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Medical Graduate School, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Guangming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Attila Aszodi
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Veronika Schönitzer
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael J Atkinson
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Radiation Biology, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Rosemann
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Medical Graduate School, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rastaldo R, Vitale E, Giachino C. Dual Role of Autophagy in Regulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Senescence. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:276. [PMID: 32391362 PMCID: PMC7193103 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During their development and overall life, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) encounter a plethora of internal and external stress signals and therefore, they need to put in action homeostatic changes in order to face these stresses. To this aim, similar to other mammalian cells, MSCs are endowed with two crucial biological responses, autophagy and senescence. Sharing of a number of stimuli like shrinkage of telomeres, oncogenic and oxidative stress, and DNA damage, suggest an intriguingly close relationship between autophagy and senescence. Autophagy is at first reported to suppress MSC senescence by clearing injured cytoplasmic organelles and impaired macromolecules, yet recent investigations also showed that autophagy can promote MSC senescence by inducing the production of senescence-associated secretory proteins (SASP). These apparently contrary contributions of autophagy may mirror an intricate image of autophagic regulation on MSC senescence. We here tackle the pro-senescence and anti-senescence roles of autophagy in MSCs while concentrating on some possible mechanistic explanations of such an intricate liaison. Clarifying the autophagy/senescence relationship in MSCs will help the development of more effective and safer therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Rastaldo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuela Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Giachino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Doolin MT, Moriarty RA, Stroka KM. Mechanosensing of Mechanical Confinement by Mesenchymal-Like Cells. Front Physiol 2020; 11:365. [PMID: 32390868 PMCID: PMC7193100 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and tumor cells have the unique capability to migrate out of their native environment and either home or metastasize, respectively, through extremely heterogeneous environments to a distant location. Once there, they can either aid in tissue regrowth or impart an immunomodulatory effect in the case of MSCs, or form secondary tumors in the case of tumor cells. During these journeys, cells experience physically confining forces that impinge on the cell body and the nucleus, ultimately causing a multitude of cellular changes. Most drastically, confining individual MSCs within hydrogels or confining monolayers of MSCs within agarose wells can sway MSC lineage commitment, while applying a confining compressive stress to metastatic tumor cells can increase their invasiveness. In this review, we seek to understand the signaling cascades that occur as cells sense confining forces and how that translates to behavioral changes, including elongated and multinucleated cell morphologies, novel migrational mechanisms, and altered gene expression, leading to a unique MSC secretome that could hold great promise for anti-inflammatory treatments. Through comparison of these altered behaviors, we aim to discern how MSCs alter their lineage selection, while tumor cells may become more aggressive and invasive. Synthesizing this information can be useful for employing MSCs for therapeutic approaches through systemic injections or tissue engineered grafts, and developing improved strategies for metastatic cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary T. Doolin
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Rebecca A. Moriarty
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Kimberly M. Stroka
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
- Maryland Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Martens A, Schmid B, Akintola O, Saretzki G. Telomerase Does Not Improve DNA Repair in Mitochondria upon Stress but Increases MnSOD Protein under Serum-Free Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010027. [PMID: 31861522 PMCID: PMC6981674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomerase is best known for its function in maintaining telomeres but has also multiple additional, non-canonical functions. One of these functions is the decrease of oxidative stress and DNA damage due to localisation of the telomerase protein TERT into mitochondria under oxidative stress. However, the exact molecular mechanisms behind these protective effects are still not well understood. We had shown previously that overexpression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) in human fibroblasts results in a decrease of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage after oxidative stress. MtDNA damage caused by oxidative stress is removed via the base excision repair (BER) pathway. Therefore we aimed to analyse whether telomerase is able to improve this pathway. We applied different types of DNA damaging agents such as irradiation, arsenite treatment (NaAsO2) and treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Using a PCR-based assay to evaluate mtDNA damage, we demonstrate that overexpression of hTERT in MRC-5 fibroblasts protects mtDNA from H2O2 and NaAsO2 induced damage, compared with their isogenic telomerase-negative counterparts. However, overexpression of hTERT did not seem to increase repair of mtDNA after oxidative stress, but promoted increased levels of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and forkhead-box-protein O3 (FoxO3a) proteins during incubation in serum free medium as well as under oxidative stress, while no differences were found in protein levels of catalase. Together, our results suggest that rather than interfering with mitochondrial DNA repair mechanisms, such as BER, telomerase seems to increase antioxidant defence mechanisms to prevent mtDNA damage and to increase cellular resistance to oxidative stress. However, the result has to be reproduced in additional cellular systems in order to generalise our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Martens
- The Ageing Biology Centre, Biosciences Institute, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Bianca Schmid
- The Ageing Biology Centre, Biosciences Institute, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Olasubomi Akintola
- The Ageing Biology Centre, Biosciences Institute, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Gabriele Saretzki
- The Ageing Biology Centre, Biosciences Institute, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yao L, Yu F, Xu Y, Wang Y, Zuo Y, Wang C, Ye L. DNA damage response manages cell cycle restriction of senile multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:809-818. [PMID: 31664596 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05150-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSCs) are promising to treat a variety of traumatic and degenerative diseases. However, in vitro-passage aging induces cell cycle arrest and a series of genetic and biological changes, which greatly limits ex vivo cell number expansion and further clinical application of MMSCs. In most cases, DNA damage and DNA damage response (DDR) act as the main cause and executor of cellular senescence respectively. Mechanistically, DNA damage signals induce cell cycle arrest and DNA damage repair via DDR. If the DNA damage is indelible, MMSCs would entry into a permanent cell cycle arrest. It should be noted that apart from DDR signaling, certain proliferation or metabolism pathways are also occupied in DNA damage related cell cycle arrest. New findings of these aspects will also be summarized in this study. In summary, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of DDR associated cell cycle regulation and other major molecular signaling in the senescence of MMSCs. Above knowledge could contribute to improve the limited capacity of in vitro expansion of MMSCs, and then promote their clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yining Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yitian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zanoni M, Cortesi M, Zamagni A, Tesei A. The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Radiation-Induced Lung Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3876. [PMID: 31398940 PMCID: PMC6719901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is one of the most important treatment modalities for thoracic tumors. Despite significant advances in radiation techniques, radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) still occurs in up to 30% of patients undergoing thoracic radiotherapy, and therefore remains the main dose-limiting obstacle. RILI is a potentially lethal clinical complication of radiotherapy that has 2 main stages: an acute stage defined as radiation pneumonitis, and a late stage defined as radiation-induced lung fibrosis. Patients who develop lung fibrosis have a reduced quality of life with progressive and irreversible organ malfunction. Currently, the most effective intervention for the treatment of lung fibrosis is lung transplantation, but the lack of available lungs and transplantation-related complications severely limits the success of this procedure. Over the last few decades, advances have been reported in the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for lung tissue repair and regeneration. MSCs not only replace damaged lung epithelial cells but also promote tissue repair through the secretion of anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic factors. Here, we present an overview of MSC-based therapy for radiation-induced lung fibrosis, focusing in particular on the molecular mechanisms involved and describing the most recent preclinical and clinical studies carried out in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Zanoni
- Bioscience Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Michela Cortesi
- Bioscience Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Alice Zamagni
- Bioscience Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Anna Tesei
- Bioscience Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Quan Y, Lin J, Deng B. The response of human mesenchymal stem cells to internal exposure to tritium β-rays. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2019; 60:476-482. [PMID: 31165153 PMCID: PMC6640910 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
There is no doubt that estimating the exposure risk of external and internal low-dose radiation is an imperative issue in radiobiological study. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are multipotent and self-renewing, supporting the regeneration of damaged tissue, including tissue damaged by radiation. However, the responses of hMSCs to internal exposure to radionuclides are still insufficiently understood. In order to evaluate the adverse effects produced by internal exposure to tritiated water (HTO) at a low dose, hMSCs were exposed to 2 × 107 Bq/ml HTO, and the biological effects after the exposure were examined. Apoptosis and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) were assayed to analyze the cellular response to the damage induced by HTO. Slight enhancement of apoptosis was found after treatment, except at the dose of 9 mGy. The number of DSBs at 24 h post-irradiation showed that the DNA damage was able to be efficiently repaired by the hMSCs. Moreover, the increasing proportion of the cell population in S phase proved that the persistence of residual γH2AX foci at lower concentrations of HTO was attributable to the secondary production of DSBs in DNA replication. Our work adds to the available data, helping us understand the risk of stem cell transformation due to internal exposure and its correlation with low-dose radiation-induced carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Quan
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinxian Lin
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Deng
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zuo R, Liu M, Wang Y, Li J, Wang W, Wu J, Sun C, Li B, Wang Z, Lan W, Zhang C, Shi C, Zhou Y. BM-MSC-derived exosomes alleviate radiation-induced bone loss by restoring the function of recipient BM-MSCs and activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:30. [PMID: 30646958 PMCID: PMC6334443 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy to cancer patients is inevitably accompanied by normal tissue injury, and the bone is one of the most commonly damaged tissues. Damage to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) induced by radiation is thought to be a major cause of radiation-induced bone loss. Exosomes exhibit great therapeutic potential in the treatment of osteoporosis, but whether exosomes are involved in radiation-induced bone loss has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role of exosomes derived from BM-MSCs in restoring recipient BM-MSC function and alleviating radiation-induced bone loss. Methods BM-MSC-derived exosomes were intravenously injected to rats immediately after irradiation. After 28 days, the left tibiae were harvested for micro-CT and histomorphometric analysis. The effects of exosomes on antioxidant capacity, DNA damage repair, proliferation, and cell senescence of recipient BM-MSCs were determined. Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation assays were used to detect the effects of exosomes on the differentiation potential of recipient BM-MSCs, and related genes were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. β-Catenin expression was detected at histological and cytological levels. Results BM-MSC-derived exosomes can attenuate radiation-induced bone loss in a rat model that is similar to mesenchymal stem cell transplantation. Exosome-treated BM-MSCs exhibit reduced oxidative stress, accelerated DNA damage repair, and reduced proliferation inhibition and cell senescence-associate protein expression compared with BM-MSCs that exclusively received irradiation. Following irradiation, exosomes promote β-catenin expression in BM-MSCs and restore the balance between adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. Conclusions Our findings indicate that BM-MSC-derived exosomes take effects by restoring the function of recipient BM-MSCs. Therefore, exosomes may represent a promising cell-free therapeutic approach for the treatment of radiation-induced bone loss. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-1121-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zuo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqiu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenkai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlong Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwen Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University(Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiren Lan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University(Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fabbrizi MR, Warshowsky KE, Zobel CL, Hallahan DE, Sharma GG. Molecular and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of normal stem cell radiosensitivity. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:117. [PMID: 30588339 PMCID: PMC6299079 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) therapy is a major cancer treatment modality and an indispensable auxiliary treatment for primary and metastatic cancers, but invariably results in debilitating organ dysfunctions. IR-induced depletion of neural stem/progenitor cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus where neurogenesis occurs is considered largely responsible for deficiencies such as learning, memory, and spatial information processing in patients subjected to cranial irradiation. Similarly, IR therapy-induced intestinal injuries such as diarrhea and malabsorption are common side effects in patients with gastrointestinal tumors and are believed to be caused by intestinal stem cell drop out. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is currently used to reinstate blood production in leukemia patients and pre-clinical treatments show promising results in other organs such as the skin and kidney, but ethical issues and logistic problems make this route difficult to follow. An alternative way to restore the injured tissue is to preserve the stem cell pool located in that specific tissue/organ niche, but stem cell response to ionizing radiation is inadequately understood at the molecular mechanistic level. Although embryonic and fetal hypersensity to IR has been very well known for many decades, research on embryonic stem cell models in culture concerning molecular mechanisms have been largely inconclusive and often in contradiction of the in vivo observations. This review will summarize the latest discoveries on stem cell radiosensitivity, highlighting the possible molecular and epigenetic mechanism(s) involved in DNA damage response and programmed cell death after ionizing radiation therapy specific to normal stem cells. Finally, we will analyze the possible contribution of stem cell-specific chromatin's epigenetic constitution in promoting normal stem cell radiosensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rita Fabbrizi
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park, Saint Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | - Kacie E. Warshowsky
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park, Saint Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | - Cheri L. Zobel
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park, Saint Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | - Dennis E. Hallahan
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park, Saint Louis, MO 63108 USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | - Girdhar G. Sharma
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park, Saint Louis, MO 63108 USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63108 USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kornicka K, Houston J, Marycz K. Dysfunction of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated from Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetic Patients as Result of Oxidative Stress and Autophagy may Limit Their Potential Therapeutic Use. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 14:337-345. [PMID: 29611042 PMCID: PMC5960487 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9809-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have become a promising tool for therapeutic intervention. Their unique features, including self-renewal, multipotency and immunomodulatory properties draw the worldwide attention of researchers and physicians with respect to their application in disease treatment. However, the environment (so-called niche) from which MSCs are isolated may determine their usefulness. Many studies indicated the involvement of MSCs in ageing and disease. In this review, we have focused on how type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome (MS) affect MSC properties, and thus limit their therapeutic potential. Herein, we mainly focus on apoptosis, autophagy and mitochondria deterioration processes that indirectly affect MSC fate. Based on the data presented, special attention should be paid when considering autologous MSC therapy in T2D or MS treatments, as their therapeutic potential may be restricted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kornicka
- Department of Experimental Biology, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Jenny Houston
- PferdePraxis Dr. Med. Vet. Daniel Weiss, Postmatte 14, CH-8807, Freienbach, Switzerland
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.,Wroclaw Research Centre EIT+, 54-066, Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rühle A, Xia O, Perez RL, Trinh T, Richter W, Sarnowska A, Wuchter P, Debus J, Saffrich R, Huber PE, Nicolay NH. The Radiation Resistance of Human Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Is Independent of Their Tissue of Origin. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 100:1259-1269. [PMID: 29452769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may aid the regeneration of ionizing radiation (IR)-induced tissue damage. They can be harvested from different tissues for clinical purposes; however, the role of the tissue source on the radiation response of human MSCs remains unknown. METHODS AND MATERIALS Human MSCs were isolated from adipose tissue, bone marrow, and umbilical cord, and cellular survival, proliferation, and apoptosis were measured after irradiation. The influence of IR on the defining functions of MSCs was assessed, and cell morphology, surface marker expression, and the differentiation potential were examined. Western blot analyses were performed to assess the activation of DNA damage signaling and repair pathways. RESULTS MSCs from adipose tissue, bone marrow, and umbilical cord exhibited a relative radioresistance independent of their tissue of origin. Defining properties including cellular adhesion and surface marker expression were preserved, and irradiated MSCs maintained their potential for multilineage differentiation irrespective of their tissue source. Analysis of activated DNA damage recognition and repair pathways demonstrated an efficient repair of IR-induced DNA double-strand breaks in MSCs from different tissues, thereby influencing the induction of apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These data show for the first time that MSCs are resistant to IR and largely preserve their defining functions after irradiation irrespective of their tissue of origin. Efficient repair of IR-induced DNA double-strand breaks and consecutive reduction of apoptosis induction may contribute to the tissue-independent radiation resistance of MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rühle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ramon Lopez Perez
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thuy Trinh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wiltrud Richter
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Sarnowska
- Translative Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrick Wuchter
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, German Red Cross Donor Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Saffrich
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, German Red Cross Donor Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter E Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nils H Nicolay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Increased IL-6 secretion by aged human mesenchymal stromal cells disrupts hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells' homeostasis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13285-96. [PMID: 26934440 PMCID: PMC4924641 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) homeostasis declines with age, leading to impaired hematopoiesis. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are critical components of the bone marrow niche and key regulators of the balance between HSPC proliferation and quiescence. Accrual of DNA damage, a hallmark of cellular aging, occurs in aged MSC. Whether MSC aging alters the bone marrow niche triggering HSPC dysfunction is unknown. Using a human MSC-HSPC co-culture system, we demonstrated that DNA damaged MSC have impaired capacity to maintain CD34+CD38− HSPC quiescence. Furthermore, human MSC from adult donors display some hallmarks of cellular senescence and have a decreased capacity to maintain HSPC quiescence and the most primitive CD34+CD38− subset compared to MSC from pediatric donors. IL-6 neutralization restores the MSC-HPSC crosstalk in senescent and adult MSC-HSPC co-cultures highlighting the relevance of the local microenvironment in maintaining HSPC homeostasis. These results provide new evidence implicating components of the MSC secretome in HSPC aging.
Collapse
|
28
|
Younis LT, Abu Hassan MI, Taiyeb Ali TB, Bustami TJ. 3D TECA hydrogel reduces cellular senescence and enhances fibroblasts migration in wound healing. Asian J Pharm Sci 2017; 13:317-325. [PMID: 32104405 PMCID: PMC7032142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effect of 3D TECA hydrogel on the inflammatory-induced senescence marker, and to assess the influence of the gel on the periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) migration in wound healing in vitro. PDLFs were cultured with 20 ng/ml TNF-α to induce inflammation in the presence and absence of 50 µM 3D TECA gel for 14 d. The gel effect on the senescence maker secretory associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity was measured by a histochemical staining. Chromatin condensation and DNA synthesis of the cells were assessed by 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine fluorescent staining respectively. For evaluating fibroblasts migration, scratch wound healing assay and Pro-Plus Imaging software were used. The activity of senescence marker, SA-β-gal, was positive in the samples with TNF-α-induced inflammation. SA-β-gal percentage is suppressed (>65%, P < 0.05) in the treated cells with TECA gel as compared to the non-treated cells. Chromatin foci were obvious in the non-treated samples. DNA synthesis was markedly recognized by the fluorescent staining in the treated compared to non-treated cultures. Scratch wound test indicated that the cells migration rate was significantly higher (14.9 µm2/h, P < 0.05) in the treated versus (11 µm2/h) for control PDLFs. The new formula of 3D TECA suppresses the inflammatory-mediated cellular senescence and enhanced fibroblasts proliferation and migration. Therefore, 3D TECA may be used as an adjunct to accelerate repair and healing of periodontal tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luay Thanoon Younis
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Malaysia
| | | | - Tara Bai Taiyeb Ali
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Masaldan S, Clatworthy SAS, Gamell C, Meggyesy PM, Rigopoulos AT, Haupt S, Haupt Y, Denoyer D, Adlard PA, Bush AI, Cater MA. Iron accumulation in senescent cells is coupled with impaired ferritinophagy and inhibition of ferroptosis. Redox Biol 2017; 14:100-115. [PMID: 28888202 PMCID: PMC5596264 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is characterised by the irreversible arrest of proliferation, a pro-inflammatory secretory phenotype and evasion of programmed cell death mechanisms. We report that senescence alters cellular iron acquisition and storage and also impedes iron-mediated cell death pathways. Senescent cells, regardless of stimuli (irradiation, replicative or oncogenic), accumulate vast amounts of intracellular iron (up to 30-fold) with concomitant changes in the levels of iron homeostasis proteins. For instance, ferritin (iron storage) levels provided a robust biomarker of cellular senescence, for associated iron accumulation and for resistance to iron-induced toxicity. Cellular senescence preceded iron accumulation and was not perturbed by sustained iron chelation (deferiprone). Iron accumulation in senescent cells was driven by impaired ferritinophagy, a lysosomal process that promotes ferritin degradation and ferroptosis. Lysosomal dysfunction in senescent cells was confirmed through several markers, including the build-up of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3-II) in autophagosomes. Impaired ferritin degradation explains the iron accumulation phenotype of senescent cells, whereby iron is effectively trapped in ferritin creating a perceived cellular deficiency. Accordingly, senescent cells were highly resistant to ferroptosis. Promoting ferritin degradation by using the autophagy activator rapamycin averted the iron accumulation phenotype of senescent cells, preventing the increase of TfR1, ferritin and intracellular iron, but failed to re-sensitize these cells to ferroptosis. Finally, the enrichment of senescent cells in mouse ageing hepatic tissue was found to accompany iron accumulation, an elevation in ferritin and mirrored our observations using cultured senescent cells. Altered iron homeostasis in senescent cells is driven by impaired ferritinophagy. Impaired ferritinophagy causes functional cellular iron deficiency. senescent cells are resistant to iron mediated cell death including ferroptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Masaldan
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Sharnel A S Clatworthy
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Cristina Gamell
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Peter M Meggyesy
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Antonia-Tonia Rigopoulos
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Sue Haupt
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Delphine Denoyer
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Paul A Adlard
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Michael A Cater
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia; Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Schmidt A, Steinritz D, Rothmiller S, Thiermann H, Scherer AM. Effects of sulfur mustard on mesenchymal stem cells. Toxicol Lett 2017; 293:98-104. [PMID: 28818580 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic wound healing disorders that occur as a result of a sulfur mustard (SM) exposure present a particular challenge. These chronic wounds are similar to other chronic wounds. In the past, it has been shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) play an important role in the healing of chronic wounds. An important property to support wound healing is their ability to migrate. However, we were able to show that SM leads to a reduction in MSC migration even at low concentrations. Currently, exposed MSCs are still able to differentiate. Further alterations are not known. The current investigation therefore focused onto the question how SM affects MSC. MATERIAL & METHODS The effect of SM on MSC was investigated. Here, the alkylation of DNA was considered, and DNA adducts were quantified over a period of 48h. The modification of the nuclei under the influence of SM was analyzed as well as proliferation of the cells by immunohistochemical staining with Ki-67 and quantification. For the quantification of the apoptosis rate, antibodies against cleaved Caspase-3, 8, and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) were used. The senescence analysis was performed after histological staining against β-galactosidase. Quantifications were carried out by using the TissueQuest System and the software TissueFAX. RESULTS SM exposure of MSC results in a dose dependent formation of nuclear DNA adducts. 4h after exposure the cells display a decreasing concentration of DNA adducts. This process is accompanied by a change of nuclei shape but without an increase of apoptosis induction. In parallel the number of cells undergoing senescence increases as a function of the SM concentration. DISCUSSION SM exposure of MSC leads to adduct formation on chromosomal DNA. These DNA adducts can be reduced without MSC are undergoing apoptosis. This indicates an active DNA damage response (DDR) pathway in combination with the formation of persistent nuclear DNA damage foci. This process is accompanied by a reduced capability of proliferation and a transition into the senescent state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annette Schmidt
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937 Munich, Germany; Universität der Bundeswehr, Fakultät für Humanwissenschaften, Department für Sportwissenschaft, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany.
| | - Dirk Steinritz
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937 Munich, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Munich, Goethestr. 33, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Rothmiller
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Horst Thiermann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - A Michael Scherer
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, HELIOS Amper Clinics, Krankenhausstrasse 15, 85221 Dachau, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gehrke T, Scherzad A, Hackenberg S, Ickrath P, Schendzielorz P, Hagen R, Kleinsasser N. Long-term changes in the properties of skin-derived fibroblasts following irradiation of the head and neck. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:3780-3786. [PMID: 28927147 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor stroma performs an important role in carcinogenesis. It predominantly consists of fibroblasts and the connective tissue produced by them, and undergoes a multitude of interactions with the surrounding cancer cells. Since irradiation is part of the majority of therapeutic strategies for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, more information regarding the effects of a previous irradiation on the tumor stroma is desirable. In the present study, fibroblasts were cultivated from human non-irradiated and pre-irradiated skin of the neck for 48 h. Subsequently, analyses of cell viability, apoptosis, necrosis and motility were conducted via MTT assay, Annexin V/propidium iodide staining, electronic cell counting for 4 consecutive days, and scratch assay. Pre-irradiated fibroblasts exhibited a significantly slower growth rate as well as increased rates of apoptosis and necrosis. They also exhibited significantly decreased motility compared with non-irradiated fibroblasts. These results indicated the long-term effects of irradiation on fibroblasts, which may affect cancer recurrence in the irradiated region via the tumor stroma. More information, such as that regarding the secretory capacities of pre-irradiated fibroblasts, is required to evaluate the possible therapeutic implications of these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gehrke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Agmal Scherzad
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Hackenberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Ickrath
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Schendzielorz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Hagen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Kleinsasser
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chen L, Ran Q, Xiang Y, Xiang L, Chen L, Li F, Wu J, Wu C, Li Z. Co-Activation of PKC-δ by CRIF1 Modulates Oxidative Stress in Bone Marrow Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells after Irradiation by Phosphorylating NRF2 Ser40. Theranostics 2017; 7:2634-2648. [PMID: 28819452 PMCID: PMC5558558 DOI: 10.7150/thno.17853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The high mortality associated with pancytopenia and multi-organ failure resulting from hematopoietic disorders of acute radiation syndrome (h-ARS) creates an urgent need for developing more effective treatment strategies. Here, we showed that bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (BMMSCs) effectively regulate oxidative stress following radiative injury, which might be on account of irradiation-induced elevation of protein levels of CR6-interacting factor 1(CRIF1) and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(NRF2). Crif1-knockdown BMMSCs presented increased oxidative stress and apoptosis after irradiation, which were partially due to a suppressed antioxidant response mediated by decreased NRF2 nuclear translocation. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) experiments indicated that CRIF1 interacted with protein kinase C-δ (PKC-δ). NRF2 Ser40 phosphorylation was inhibited in Crif1-deficient BMMSCs even in the presence of three kinds of PKC agonists, suggesting that CRIF1 might co-activate PKC-δ to phosphorylate NRF2 Ser40. After radiative injury, the supporting effect of BMMSCs for the colony forming ability of HSCs in vitro was reduced, and the deficiency of CRIF1 aggravated such damage. Thus, CRIF1 plays an essential role in PKC-δ/NRF2 pathway modulation to alleviate oxidative stress in BMMSCs after irradiative injury, and at some level it may maintain the HSCs-supporting effect of BMMSCs after radiative injuries.
Collapse
|
33
|
Mechanosensing of matrix by stem cells: From matrix heterogeneity, contractility, and the nucleus in pore-migration to cardiogenesis and muscle stem cells in vivo. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 71:84-98. [PMID: 28587976 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are particularly 'plastic' cell types that are induced by various cues to become specialized, tissue-functional lineages by switching on the expression of specific gene programs. Matrix stiffness is among the cues that multiple stem cell types can sense and respond to. This seminar-style review focuses on mechanosensing of matrix elasticity in the differentiation or early maturation of a few illustrative stem cell types, with an intended audience of biologists and physical scientists. Contractile forces applied by a cell's acto-myosin cytoskeleton are often resisted by the extracellular matrix and transduced through adhesions and the cytoskeleton ultimately into the nucleus to modulate gene expression. Complexity is added by matrix heterogeneity, and careful scrutiny of the evident stiffness heterogeneity in some model systems resolves some controversies concerning matrix mechanosensing. Importantly, local stiffness tends to dominate, and 'durotaxis' of stem cells toward stiff matrix reveals a dependence of persistent migration on myosin-II force generation and also rigid microtubules that confer directionality. Stem and progenitor cell migration in 3D can be further affected by matrix porosity as well as stiffness, with nuclear size and rigidity influencing niche retention and fate choices. Cell squeezing through rigid pores can even cause DNA damage and genomic changes that contribute to de-differentiation toward stem cell-like states. Contraction of acto-myosin is the essential function of striated muscle, which also exhibit mechanosensitive differentiation and maturation as illustrated in vivo by beating heart cells and by the regenerative mobilization of skeletal muscle stem cells.
Collapse
|
34
|
DNA damage induced by Strontium-90 exposure at low concentrations in mesenchymal stromal cells: the functional consequences. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41580. [PMID: 28134299 PMCID: PMC5278504 DOI: 10.1038/srep41580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
90Sr is one of the radionuclides released after nuclear accidents that can significantly impact human health in the long term. 90Sr accumulates mostly in the bones of exposed populations. Previous research has shown that exposure induces changes in bone physiology both in humans and in mice. We hypothesize that, due to its close location with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), 90Sr could induce functional damage to stromal cells that may explain these biological effects due to chronic exposure to 90Sr. The aim of this work was to verify this hypothesis through the use of an in vitro model of MS5 stromal cell lines exposed to 1 and 10 kBq.mL-1 of 90Sr. Results indicated that a 30-minute exposure to 90Sr induced double strand breaks in DNA, followed by DNA repair, senescence and differentiation. After 7 days of exposure, MS5 cells showed a decreased ability to proliferate, changes in cytokine expression, and changes in their ability to support hematopoietic progenitor proliferation and differentiation. These results demonstrate that chronic exposure to a low concentration of 90Sr can induce functional changes in BMSCs that in turn may explain the health effects observed in following chronic 90Sr exposure.
Collapse
|
35
|
Borodkina AV, Shatrova AN, Nikolsky NN, Burova EB. The role of p38 MAP-kinase in stress-induced senescence of human endometrium-derived mesenchymal stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x16050023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
36
|
Domnina AP, Novikova PV, Lyublinskaya OG, Zenin VV, Fridlyanskaya II, Mikhailov VM, Nikolsky NN. Mesenchymal stem cells with irreversibly arrested proliferation stimulate decidua development in rats. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:2447-2454. [PMID: 27698746 PMCID: PMC5038185 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation, which is based on the application of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), is a rapidly developing approach to the regenerative therapy of various degenerative disorders characterized by brain and heart failure, as well as skin lesions. In comparison, the use of stem cell transplantations to treat infertility has received less attention. One of the causes of miscarriages and fetal growth delay is the loss of the decidual reaction of endometrial cells. The present study modeled decidualization processes in pseudopregnant rats. For cell transplantation experiments, the rats were transplanted with MSCs established from endometrial fragments in menstrual blood (eMSCs). These cells express common MSC markers, are multipotent and are able to differentiate into various tissue lineages. Cell therapy frequently requires substantial cell biomass, and cultivation of MSCs may be accompanied by significant changes to their properties, including malignant transformation. In order to minimize the potential for malignant transformation, the proliferation of eMSCs was irreversibly suppressed by irradiation and mitomycin C treatment. Transplantation of the rats with viable, non-proliferating eMSCs stimulated the development of all elements of decidual tissue. Conversely, transplantation of the rats with cells killed using 95% ethanol did not result in the development of decidual tissue. The present study demonstrated the potential for applying eMSCs to the cellular therapy of infertility associated with endometrial disorders characterized by decidualization insufficiency and implantation failure. In addition, the transplantation of viable but non-proliferating cells ensured that their oncogenic potential was limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alisa P Domnina
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Polina V Novikova
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga G Lyublinskaya
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valeriy V Zenin
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina I Fridlyanskaya
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav M Mikhailov
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolay N Nikolsky
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Jeong W, Yang X, Lee J, Ryoo Y, Kim J, Oh Y, Kwon S, Liu D, Son D. Serial changes in the proliferation and differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells after ionizing radiation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:117. [PMID: 27530249 PMCID: PMC4988041 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0378-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are important to homeostasis and the regeneration of subcutaneous fat. Hence, we examined the proliferation and differentiation capacity of irradiated ASCs over time. Methods Two female pigs received a single 18 Gy dose of ionizing radiation to an 18 × 8 cm area on the dorsal body skin via a 6 MeV electron beam. After irradiation, the ASCs were cultured from adipose tissue harvested from a non-irradiated area and an irradiated area at 2, 4, and 6 weeks. The proliferation capacity of ASCs was evaluated by a colony-forming units–fibroblasts (CFUs-Fs) assay, a cholecystokinin (CCK) test with 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS), and a 1 % FBS culture test. The senescence of ASCs was evaluated through morphological examination, immunophenotyping, and β-galactosidase activity, and the multipotent differentiation potential of ASCs was evaluated in adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation media. Results Irradiated ASCs demonstrated significantly decreased proliferative capacity 6 weeks after irradiation. As well, the cells underwent senescence, which was confirmed by blunted morphology, weak mesenchymal cell surface marker expression, and elevated β-galactosidase activity. Irradiated ASCs also exhibited significant losses in the capacity for adipocyte and chondrocyte differentiation. In contrast, osteogenic differentiation was preserved in irradiated ASCs. Conclusions We observed decreased proliferation and senescence of irradiated ASCs compared to non-irradiated ASCs 6 weeks after irradiation. Furthermore, irradiated ASCs demonstrated impaired adipocyte and chondrocyte differentiation but retained their osteogenic differentiation capacity. Our results could shed light on additional pathogenic effects of late irradiation, including subcutaneous fibrosis and calcinosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woonhyeok Jeong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jeongmi Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwook Ryoo
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkee Oh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dalie Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daegu Son
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Senescence in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Functional Changes and Implications in Stem Cell-Based Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071164. [PMID: 27447618 PMCID: PMC4964536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is extensively interested in developing cell therapies using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with applications to several aging-associated diseases. For successful therapies, a substantial number of cells are needed, requiring extensive ex vivo cell expansion. However, MSC proliferation is limited and it is quite likely that long-term culture evokes continuous changes in MSCs. Therefore, a substantial proportion of cells may undergo senescence. In the present review, we will first present the phenotypic characterization of senescent human MSCs (hMSCs) and their possible consequent functional alterations. The accumulation of oxidative stress and dysregulation of key differentiation regulatory factors determine decreased differentiation potential of senescent hMSCs. Senescent hMSCs also show a marked impairment in their migratory and homing ability. Finally, many factors present in the secretome of senescent hMSCs are able to exacerbate the inflammatory response at a systemic level, decreasing the immune modulation activity of hMSCs and promoting either proliferation or migration of cancer cells. Considering the deleterious effects that these changes could evoke, it would appear of primary importance to monitor the occurrence of senescent phenotype in clinically expanded hMSCs and to evaluate possible ways to prevent in vitro MSC senescence. An updated critical presentation of the possible strategies for in vitro senescence monitoring and prevention constitutes the second part of this review. Understanding the mechanisms that drive toward hMSC growth arrest and evaluating how to counteract these for preserving a functional stem cell pool is of fundamental importance for the development of efficient cell-based therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
39
|
Alessio N, Del Gaudio S, Capasso S, Di Bernardo G, Cappabianca S, Cipollaro M, Peluso G, Galderisi U. Low dose radiation induced senescence of human mesenchymal stromal cells and impaired the autophagy process. Oncotarget 2016; 6:8155-66. [PMID: 25544750 PMCID: PMC4480742 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Low doses of radiation may have profound effects on cellular function. Individuals may be exposed to low doses of radiation either intentionally for medical purposes or accidentally, such as those exposed to radiological terrorism or those who live near illegal radioactive waste dumpsites.We studied the effects of low dose radiation on human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), which contain a subpopulation of stem cells able to differentiate in bone, cartilage, and fat; support hematopoiesis; and contribute to body's homeostasis.The main outcome of low radiation exposure, besides reduction of cell cycling, is the triggering of senescence, while the contribution to apoptosis is minimal. We also showed that low radiation affected the autophagic flux. We hypothesize that the autophagy prevented radiation deteriorative processes, and its decline contributed to senescence.An increase in ATM staining one and six hours post-irradiation and return to basal level at 48 hours, along with persistent gamma-H2AX staining, indicated that MSC properly activated the DNA repair signaling, though some damages remained unrepaired, mainly in non-cycling cells. This suggested that the impaired DNA repair capacity of irradiated MSC seemed mainly related to the reduced activity of a non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) system rather than HR (homologous recombination).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Alessio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, Second University of Naples, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Stefania Del Gaudio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, Second University of Naples, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Stefania Capasso
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, Second University of Naples, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Bernardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, Second University of Naples, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cappabianca
- Department "F. Magrassi - A. Lanzara" Second University of Naples, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Marilena Cipollaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, Second University of Naples, Naples 80138, Italy
| | | | - Umberto Galderisi
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, Second University of Naples, Naples 80138, Italy.,Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources, CNR, Naples 80138, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cellular senescence in aging and age-related disease: from mechanisms to therapy. Nat Med 2016; 21:1424-35. [PMID: 26646499 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1386] [Impact Index Per Article: 173.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, a process that imposes permanent proliferative arrest on cells in response to various stressors, has emerged as a potentially important contributor to aging and age-related disease, and it is an attractive target for therapeutic exploitation. A wealth of information about senescence in cultured cells has been acquired over the past half century; however, senescence in living organisms is poorly understood, largely because of technical limitations relating to the identification and characterization of senescent cells in tissues and organs. Furthermore, newly recognized beneficial signaling functions of senescence suggest that indiscriminately targeting senescent cells or modulating their secretome for anti-aging therapy may have negative consequences. Here we discuss current progress and challenges in understanding the stressors that induce senescence in vivo, the cell types that are prone to senesce, and the autocrine and paracrine properties of senescent cells in the contexts of aging and age-related diseases as well as disease therapy.
Collapse
|
41
|
Nicolay NH, Rühle A, Perez RL, Trinh T, Sisombath S, Weber KJ, Schmezer P, Ho AD, Debus J, Saffrich R, Huber PE. Mesenchymal stem cells exhibit resistance to topoisomerase inhibition. Cancer Lett 2016; 374:75-84. [PMID: 26876302 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of cellular topoisomerases has been established as an effective way of treating certain cancers, albeit with often high levels of toxicity to the bone marrow. While the involvement of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in bone marrow homeostasis and regeneration has been well established, the effects of topoisomerase-inhibiting anticancer agents remain largely unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human bone marrow MSCs were treated with topoisomerase I inhibitor irinotecan or topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide, and survival and apoptosis levels were measured. The influence of topoisomerase inhibition on cellular morphology, adhesion and migration potential and the ability to differentiate was assessed. Additionally, the role of individual DNA double-strand break repair pathways in MSCs was investigated as a potential cellular mechanism of resistance to topoisomerase inhibitors. RESULTS Human bone marrow MSCs were found relatively resistant to topoisomerase I and II inhibitors and show survival levels comparable to these of differentiated fibroblasts. Treatment with irinotecan or etoposide did not significantly influence cellular adhesion, migratory ability, surface marker expression or induction of apoptosis in human MSCs. The ability to differentiate was found preserved in MSCs after exposure to high doses of irinotecan or etoposide. MSCs were able to efficiently repair DNA double-strand breaks induced by topoisomerase inhibitors both by non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination pathways. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate a topoisomerase-resistant phenotype of human MSCs that may at least in part be due to the stem cells' ability to efficiently remove DNA damage caused by these anticancer agents. The observed resistance of MSCs warrants further investigation of these cells as a potential therapeutic option for treating topoisomerase inhibitor-induced bone marrow damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils H Nicolay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Alexander Rühle
- Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ramon Lopez Perez
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thuy Trinh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sonevisay Sisombath
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Josef Weber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schmezer
- Department of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anthony D Ho
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Saffrich
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter E Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Influence of carrier cells on the clinical outcome of children with neuroblastoma treated with high dose of oncolytic adenovirus delivered in mesenchymal stem cells. Cancer Lett 2016; 371:161-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
43
|
Borodkina AV, Shatrova AN, Deryabin PI, Grukova AA, Nikolsky NN, Burova EB. Tetraploidization or autophagy: The ultimate fate of senescent human endometrial stem cells under ATM or p53 inhibition. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:117-27. [PMID: 26636375 PMCID: PMC4825783 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1121326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously we demonstrated that endometrium-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMESCs) via activation of the ATM/p53/p21/Rb pathway enter the premature senescence in response to oxidative stress. Down regulation effects of the key components of this signaling pathway, particularly ATM and p53, on a fate of stressed hMESCs have not yet been investigated. In the present study by using the specific inhibitors Ku55933 and Pifithrin-α, we confirmed implication of both ATM and p53 in H(2)O(2)-induced senescence of hMESCs. ATM or p53 down regulation was shown to modulate differently the cellular fate of H(2)O(2)-treated hMESCs. ATM inhibition allowed H(2)O(2)-stimulated hMESCs to escape the permanent cell cycle arrest due to loss of the functional ATM/p53/p21/Rb pathway, and induced bypass of mitosis and re-entry into S phase, resulting in tetraploid cells. On the contrary, suppression of the p53 transcriptional activity caused a pronounced cell death of H(2)O(2)-treated hMESCs via autophagy induction. The obtained data clearly demonstrate that down regulation of ATM or p53 shifts senescence of human endometrial stem cells toward tetraploidization or autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra V. Borodkina
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alla N. Shatrova
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pavel I. Deryabin
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasiya A. Grukova
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolay N. Nikolsky
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Medical Physics, St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena B. Burova
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Misra J, Mohanty ST, Madan S, Fernandes JA, Hal Ebetino F, Russell RGG, Bellantuono I. Zoledronate Attenuates Accumulation of DNA Damage in Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Protects Their Function. Stem Cells 2015; 34:756-67. [PMID: 26679354 PMCID: PMC4832316 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) undergo a decline in function following ex vivo expansion and exposure to irradiation. This has been associated with accumulation of DNA damage and has important implications for tissue engineering approaches or in patients receiving radiotherapy. Therefore, interventions, which limit accumulation of DNA damage in MSC, are of clinical significance. We were intrigued by findings showing that zoledronate (ZOL), an anti‐resorptive nitrogen containing bisphosphonate, significantly extended survival in patients affected by osteoporosis. The effect was too large to be simply due to the prevention of fractures. Moreover, in combination with statins, it extended the lifespan in a mouse model of Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome. Therefore, we asked whether ZOL was able to extend the lifespan of human MSC and whether this was due to reduced accumulation of DNA damage, one of the important mechanisms of aging. Here, we show that this was the case both following expansion and irradiation, preserving their ability to proliferate and differentiate in vitro. In addition, administration of ZOL before irradiation protected the survival of mesenchymal progenitors in mice. Through mechanistic studies, we were able to show that inhibition of mTOR signaling, a pathway involved in longevity and cancer, was responsible for these effects. Our data open up new opportunities to protect MSC from the side effects of radiotherapy in cancer patients and during ex vivo expansion for regenerative medicine approaches. Given that ZOL is already in clinical use with a good safety profile, these opportunities can be readily translated for patient benefit. Stem Cells2016;34:756–767
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Misra
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research and MRC-Arthritis Research Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Human Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Sindhu T Mohanty
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research and MRC-Arthritis Research Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Human Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjeev Madan
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - James A Fernandes
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - F Hal Ebetino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA.,Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - R Graham G Russell
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research and MRC-Arthritis Research Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Human Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, The Oxford University Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Centre, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ilaria Bellantuono
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research and MRC-Arthritis Research Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Human Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Senescence as a general cellular response to stress: A mini-review. Exp Gerontol 2015; 72:124-8. [PMID: 26435346 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence was initially described as the phenomenon of limited cell divisions that normal cells in culture can undergo during long-term-cultivation. Later it was found that senescence may be induced by various stress factors. The intriguing resemblance between stress-induced and replicative senescence makes questionable the distinction between both types and suggests that the cellular senescence is a common outcome of stress response. Growing evidences support the idea that stress-induced senescence is the cell-type specific.
Collapse
|
46
|
Nicolay NH, Perez RL, Saffrich R, Huber PE. Radio-resistant mesenchymal stem cells: mechanisms of resistance and potential implications for the clinic. Oncotarget 2015; 6:19366-80. [PMID: 26203772 PMCID: PMC4637291 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) comprise a heterogeneous population of multipotent stromal cells and can be isolated from various tissues and organs. Due to their regenerative potential, they have been subject to intense research efforts, and they may provide an efficient means for treating radiation-induced tissue damage. MSCs are relatively resistant to ionizing radiation and retain their stem cell characteristics even after high radiation doses. The underlying mechanisms for the observed MSC radioresistance have been extensively studied and may involve efficient DNA damage recognition, double strand break repair and evasion of apoptosis. Here, we present a concise review of the published scientific data on the radiobiological features of MSCs. The involvement of different DNA damage recognition and repair pathways in the creation of a radioresistant MSC phenotype is outlined, and the roles of apoptosis, senescence and autophagy regarding the reported radioresistance are summarized. Finally, potential influences of the radioresistant MSCs for the clinic are discussed with respect to the repair and radioprotection of irradiated tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils H. Nicolay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ramon Lopez Perez
- Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Saffrich
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter E. Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Dolan DWP, Zupanic A, Nelson G, Hall P, Miwa S, Kirkwood TBL, Shanley DP. Integrated Stochastic Model of DNA Damage Repair by Non-homologous End Joining and p53/p21-Mediated Early Senescence Signalling. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004246. [PMID: 26020242 PMCID: PMC4447392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Unrepaired or inaccurately repaired DNA damage can lead to a range of cell fates, such as apoptosis, cellular senescence or cancer, depending on the efficiency and accuracy of DNA damage repair and on the downstream DNA damage signalling. DNA damage repair and signalling have been studied and modelled in detail separately, but it is not yet clear how they integrate with one another to control cell fate. In this study, we have created an integrated stochastic model of DNA damage repair by non-homologous end joining and of gamma irradiation-induced cellular senescence in human cells that are not apoptosis-prone. The integrated model successfully explains the changes that occur in the dynamics of DNA damage repair after irradiation. Simulations of p53/p21 dynamics after irradiation agree well with previously published experimental studies, further validating the model. Additionally, the model predicts, and we offer some experimental support, that low-dose fractionated irradiation of cells leads to temporal patterns in p53/p21 that lead to significant cellular senescence. The integrated model is valuable for studying the processes of DNA damage induced cell fate and predicting the effectiveness of DNA damage related medical interventions at the cellular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David W P Dolan
- School of Biological and Biomedical Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom; Centre for Integrative Systems Biology of Ageing and Nutrition, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Anze Zupanic
- Centre for Integrative Systems Biology of Ageing and Nutrition, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Eawag-Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Glyn Nelson
- Centre for Integrative Systems Biology of Ageing and Nutrition, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Hall
- Centre for Integrative Systems Biology of Ageing and Nutrition, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Satomi Miwa
- Centre for Integrative Systems Biology of Ageing and Nutrition, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas B L Kirkwood
- Centre for Integrative Systems Biology of Ageing and Nutrition, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Daryl P Shanley
- Centre for Integrative Systems Biology of Ageing and Nutrition, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Smoke inhalation injury repaired by a bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell paracrine mechanism: Angiogenesis involving the Notch signaling pathway. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2015; 78:565-72. [PMID: 25710428 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000000547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoke inhalation injury is an acute lung injury induced by smoke exposure characterized by vascular endothelial injury and increased permeability. Cell therapy is an attractive new therapeutic approach, although its underlying mechanism and signaling pathway remain poorly understood. We investigated the effect of systemic transplantation of preconditioned bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on angiogenesis in rat model of smoke inhalation injury and explored the underlying mechanism and possible signaling pathway. METHODS After the establishment of a smoke inhalation injury rat model, the animals were further randomized into subgroups that received either a tail vein injection of 2 × 10(6) preconditioned or nonpreconditioned BMSCs in 5-mL phosphate-buffered saline to explore the characteristics of preconditioned BMSCs, pulmonary microvessel quantities in smoke inhalation injury, and its Notch1 expression. RESULTS BMSCs preconditioned by 60Co γ-ray radiation at an appropriate dose were inhibited differentiation potential in vitro without significantly affecting the paracrine activity, the ability of cell proliferation, viability, and homing. Systemic preconditioned BMSC transplantation significantly increased the quantities of microvessels in rat with smoke inhalation injury, improved the lung wet-dry weight ratio, and alleviated lung injury simply through paracrine activity. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analysis confirmed that the expression level of Notch microvessel and Notch1 protein increased significantly after systemic transplantation. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that systemic transplantation of preconditioned BMSCs promotes angiogenesis through paracrine activity after smoke inhalation injury and that the Notch signaling pathway is involved in the angiogenesis process.
Collapse
|
49
|
Nicolay NH, Liang Y, Perez RL, Bostel T, Trinh T, Sisombath S, Weber KJ, Ho AD, Debus J, Saffrich R, Huber PE. Mesenchymal stem cells are resistant to carbon ion radiotherapy. Oncotarget 2015; 6:2076-87. [PMID: 25504442 PMCID: PMC4385837 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) participate in regeneration of tissues damaged by ionizing radiation. However, radiation can damage MSCs themselves. Here we show that cellular morphology, adhesion and migration abilities were not measurably altered by photon or carbon ion irradiation. The potential for differentiation was unaffected by either form of radiation, and established MSC surface markers were found to be stably expressed irrespective of radiation treatment. MSCs were able to efficiently repair DNA double strand breaks induced by both high-dose photon and carbon ion radiation. We have shown for the first time that MSCs are relatively resistant to therapeutic carbon ion radiotherapy. Additionally, this form of radiation did not markedly alter the defining stem cell properties or the expression of established surface markers in MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils H. Nicolay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yingying Liang
- Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ramon Lopez Perez
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Bostel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thuy Trinh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sonevisay Sisombath
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Josef Weber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anthony D. Ho
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Saffrich
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter E. Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Minieri V, Saviozzi S, Gambarotta G, Lo Iacono M, Accomasso L, Cibrario Rocchietti E, Gallina C, Turinetto V, Giachino C. Persistent DNA damage-induced premature senescence alters the functional features of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:734-43. [PMID: 25619736 PMCID: PMC4395188 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are adult multipotent stem cells located in various tissues, including the bone marrow. In contrast to terminally differentiated somatic cells, adult stem cells must persist and function throughout life to ensure tissue homeostasis and repair. For this reason, they must be equipped with DNA damage responses able to maintain genomic integrity while ensuring their lifelong persistence. Evaluation of hMSC response to genotoxic insults is of great interest considering both their therapeutic potential and their physiological functions. This study aimed to investigate the response of human bone marrow MSCs to the genotoxic agent Actinomycin D (ActD), a well-known anti-tumour drug. We report that hMSCs react by undergoing premature senescence driven by a persistent DNA damage response activation, as hallmarked by inhibition of DNA synthesis, p21 and p16 protein expression, marked Senescent Associated β-galactosidase activity and enlarged γH2AX foci co-localizing with 53BP1 protein. Senescent hMSCs overexpress several senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) genes and promote motility of lung tumour and osteosarcoma cell lines in vitro. Our findings disclose a multifaceted consequence of ActD treatment on hMSCs that on the one hand helps to preserve this stem cell pool and prevents damaged cells from undergoing neoplastic transformation, and on the other hand alters their functional effects on the surrounding tissue microenvironment in a way that might worsen their tumour-promoting behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Minieri
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|