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Babu B, Pawar S, Mittal A, Kolanthai E, Neal CJ, Coathup M, Seal S. Nanotechnology enabled radioprotectants to reduce space radiation-induced reactive oxidative species. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1896. [PMID: 37190884 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Interest in space exploration has seen substantial growth following recent launch and operation of modern space technologies. In particular, the possibility of travel beyond low earth orbit is seeing sustained support. However, future deep space travel requires addressing health concerns for crews under continuous, longer-term exposure to adverse environmental conditions. Among these challenges, radiation-induced health issues are a major concern. Their potential to induce chronic illness is further potentiated by the microgravity environment. While investigations into the physiological effects of space radiation are still under investigation, studies on model ionizing radiation conditions, in earth and micro-gravity conditions, can provide needed insight into relevant processes. Substantial formation of high, sustained reactive oxygen species (ROS) evolution during radiation exposure is a clear threat to physiological health of space travelers, producing indirect damage to various cell structures and requiring therapeutic address. Radioprotection toward the skeletal system components is essential to astronaut health, due to the high radio-absorption cross-section of bone mineral and local hematopoiesis. Nanotechnology can potentially function as radioprotectant and radiomitigating agents toward ROS and direct radiation damage. Nanoparticle compositions such as gold, silver, platinum, carbon-based materials, silica, transition metal dichalcogenides, and ceria have all shown potential as viable radioprotectants to mitigate space radiation effects with nanoceria further showing the ability to protect genetic material from oxidative damage in several studies. As research into space radiation-induced health problems develops, this review intends to provide insights into the nanomaterial design to ameliorate pathological effects from ionizing radiation exposure. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Cells at the Nanoscale Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaashwin Babu
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Nanoscience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Shreya Pawar
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Agastya Mittal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Elayaraja Kolanthai
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Craig J Neal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Melanie Coathup
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Sudipta Seal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
- College of Medicine, Nanoscience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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Braun F, Jaschinski M, Täger P, Marmann V, Brandenstein MV, Köditz B, Fischer T, Muñoz-Vázquez S, Zimmermanns B, Dietlein M, Sudbrock F, Krapf P, Fischer D, Heidenreich A, Drzezga A, Kirsch S, Pietsch M, Schomäcker K. Synthesis and evaluation of radioiodinated estrogens for diagnosis and therapy of male urogenital tumours. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:3090-3095. [PMID: 36947011 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00114h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of 24 estrogens, their estrogen receptor (ER) affinity and studies of radioiodinated estrogen binding to ER-positive male bladder tumor cells (HTB9) are described. The estrogens with the highest affinity were selected using fluorescence anisotropy assays. A 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group at the 11β-position caused particularly promising affinity. (Radio)iodination was performed on the 17α-vinyl group. Binding studies on HTB9 cells revealed picomolar affinities of radioconjugates 19 and 31, indicating promising ability for targeting of urogenital tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feodor Braun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Marcel Jaschinski
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Philipp Täger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Verena Marmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Melanie von Brandenstein
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Urology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Barbara Köditz
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Urology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Fischer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Sergio Muñoz-Vázquez
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Beate Zimmermanns
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Markus Dietlein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Ferdinand Sudbrock
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Phillip Krapf
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Dietmar Fischer
- Institutes I & II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Axel Heidenreich
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Urology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Stefan Kirsch
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Markus Pietsch
- Institutes I & II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Klaus Schomäcker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
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Mukhatov A, Le T, Pham TT, Do TD. A comprehensive review on magnetic imaging techniques for biomedical applications. NANO SELECT 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202200219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Azamat Mukhatov
- Department of Robotics School of Engineering and Digital Sciences Nazarbayev University Astana Kazakhstan
| | - Tuan‐Anh Le
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering Mayo Clinic Scottsdale Arizona USA
| | - Tri T. Pham
- Department of Biology School of Sciences and Humanities Nazarbayev University Astana Kazakhstan
| | - Ton Duc Do
- Department of Robotics School of Engineering and Digital Sciences Nazarbayev University Astana Kazakhstan
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Grandt CL, Brackmann LK, Poplawski A, Schwarz H, Hummel-Bartenschlager W, Hankeln T, Kraemer C, Marini F, Zahnreich S, Schmitt I, Drees P, Mirsch J, Grabow D, Schmidberger H, Binder H, Hess M, Galetzka D, Marron M. Radiation-response in primary fibroblasts of long-term survivors of childhood cancer with and without second primary neoplasms: the KiKme study. Mol Med 2022; 28:105. [PMID: 36068491 PMCID: PMC9450413 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The etiology and most risk factors for a sporadic first primary neoplasm in childhood or subsequent second primary neoplasms are still unknown. One established causal factor for therapy-associated second primary neoplasms is the exposure to ionizing radiation during radiation therapy as a mainstay of cancer treatment. Second primary neoplasms occur in 8% of all cancer survivors within 30 years after the first diagnosis in Germany, but the underlying factors for intrinsic susceptibilities have not yet been clarified. Thus, the purpose of this nested case–control study was the investigation and comparison of gene expression and affected pathways in primary fibroblasts of childhood cancer survivors with a first primary neoplasm only or with at least one subsequent second primary neoplasm, and controls without neoplasms after exposure to a low and a high dose of ionizing radiation. Methods Primary fibroblasts were obtained from skin biopsies from 52 adult donors with a first primary neoplasm in childhood (N1), 52 with at least one additional primary neoplasm (N2+), as well as 52 without cancer (N0) from the KiKme study. Cultured fibroblasts were exposed to a high [2 Gray (Gy)] and a low dose (0.05 Gy) of X-rays. Messenger ribonucleic acid was extracted 4 h after exposure and Illumina-sequenced. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were computed using limma for R, selected at a false discovery rate level of 0.05, and further analyzed for pathway enrichment (right-tailed Fisher’s Exact Test) and (in-) activation (z ≥|2|) using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Results After 0.05 Gy, least DEGs were found in N0 (n = 236), compared to N1 (n = 653) and N2+ (n = 694). The top DEGs with regard to the adjusted p-value were upregulated in fibroblasts across all donor groups (SESN1, MDM2, CDKN1A, TIGAR, BTG2, BLOC1S2, PPM1D, PHLDB3, FBXO22, AEN, TRIAP1, and POLH). Here, we observed activation of p53 Signaling in N0 and to a lesser extent in N1, but not in N2+. Only in N0, DNA (excision-) repair (involved genes: CDKN1A, PPM1D, and DDB2) was predicted to be a downstream function, while molecular networks in N2+ were associated with cancer, as well as injury and abnormalities (among others, downregulation of MSH6, CCNE2, and CHUK). After 2 Gy, the number of DEGs was similar in fibroblasts of all donor groups and genes with the highest absolute log2 fold-change were upregulated throughout (CDKN1A, TIGAR, HSPA4L, MDM2, BLOC1SD2, PPM1D, SESN1, BTG2, FBXO22, PCNA, and TRIAP1). Here, the p53 Signaling-Pathway was activated in fibroblasts of all donor groups. The Mitotic Roles of Polo Like Kinase-Pathway was inactivated in N1 and N2+. Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer were affected in fibroblasts of all donor groups. P53 was predicted to be an upstream regulator in fibroblasts of all donor groups and E2F1 in N1 and N2+. Results of the downstream analysis were senescence in N0 and N2+, transformation of cells in N0, and no significant effects in N1. Seven genes were differentially expressed in reaction to 2 Gy dependent on the donor group (LINC00601, COBLL1, SESN2, BIN3, TNFRSF10A, EEF1AKNMT, and BTG2). Conclusion Our results show dose-dependent differences in the radiation response between N1/N2+ and N0. While mechanisms against genotoxic stress were activated to the same extent after a high dose in all groups, the radiation response was impaired after a low dose in N1/N2+, suggesting an increased risk for adverse effects including carcinogenesis, particularly in N2+. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-022-00520-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caine Lucas Grandt
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, BIPS, Achterstraße 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany.,Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Lara Kim Brackmann
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, BIPS, Achterstraße 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Alicia Poplawski
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heike Schwarz
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, BIPS, Achterstraße 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Hankeln
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Molecular Genetics and Genome Analysis, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christiane Kraemer
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Molecular Genetics and Genome Analysis, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Federico Marini
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zahnreich
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Iris Schmitt
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp Drees
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johanna Mirsch
- Radiation Biology and DNA Repair, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Desiree Grabow
- Division of Childhood Cancer Epidemiology, German Childhood Cancer Registry, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heinz Schmidberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Harald Binder
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Hess
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Danuta Galetzka
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manuela Marron
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, BIPS, Achterstraße 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
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Zhang H, Hu L, Zhong G, Huo Z, Chen Y, Zhao S, Huang L. Preliminary assessment of genotoxic effects induced by radiation from EAST using Vicia fabamicronucleus assay. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2021; 41:239-253. [PMID: 33508813 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/abe0d1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During long-pulse deuterium plasma operations in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST), a mixed radiation field is generated, which is mainly composed of fusion neutrons, gamma rays, and x-rays. More accurate and effective dose monitoring methods have been developed and established to determine the ionizing radiation intensity both for the stable operation of the device and for the radiation safety of personnel. As far as we know, there are few reports about the biological effects of radiation induced by fusion neutrons andγradiation, which are of vital importance for the assessment of radiation hazards presented by fusion devices, such as EAST, to human beings and the environment. In this study, three positions in the EAST hall were selected to detect genotoxic effects induced by nuclear fusion radiation using aVicia fabamicronucleus (MN) test for the first time. The doses of neutrons and gamma rays at these places were measured by thermoluminescence dosimeters four times between June 2019 and May 2020. The radiation doses decreased as the distances from the EAST device shell gradually increased from S1 to S3. The radiation in the EAST hall resulted in a significant induction of MN in theVicia fabaroot tip cells compared to a negative control, which was different from the MN frequency induced by fission neutrons,γ-rays and other kinds of radiation in previous studies. These results indicate the existence of potential genotoxic effects induced by radiation from EAST which is different from other radiation and suggest that personnel should not be permitted to enter the experimental hall during the discharge process, and that radiation protection measures should be taken during necessary maintenance to avoid radiation damage. These newly acquired results will certainly increase our knowledge about the biological effects induced by radiation from nuclear fusion and provide good data support for developing more effective environmental and personnel fusion radiation protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Hu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Zhong
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Huo
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Zhao
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangsheng Huang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
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Shulenina LV, Mikhailov VF, Zasukhina GD. Long Noncoding RNAs in Radiation Response. BIOL BULL+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359020120092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ben Zvi I, Matsri S, Felzensztein D, Yassin S, Orlev A, Ben Shalom N, Gavrielli S, Inbar E, Loeub A, Schwartz N, Rajz G, Novitsky I, Kanner A, Berkowitz S, Harnof S. The Utility of Early Postoperative Neuroimaging in Elective/Semielective Craniotomy Patients: A Single-Arm Prospective Trial. World Neurosurg 2020; 138:e381-e388. [PMID: 32145412 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.02.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The necessity and timing of early postoperative imaging (POI) are debated in many studies. Despite the consensus that early POI does not change patient management, these examinations are routinely performed. This is the first prospective study related to POI. Our aims were to assess the necessity of early POI in asymptomatic patients and to verify accuracy of the presented algorithm. METHODS This was an algorithm-based prospective single-center study. The algorithm addressed preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative considerations, including estimated pathology type, device placement, and postoperative neurologic change. Early computed tomography scans were obtained in all patients, but if postoperative algorithm indications did not recommend a scan, the treating team was blinded to them, and patient management was conducted based on clinical examinations alone. A neuroradiologist and study-independent neurosurgeon reviewed all the scans. RESULTS Of 103 enrolled patients, 88 remained asymptomatic, and 15 experienced symptoms postoperatively. Pathology was present on POI in 1% of the asymptomatic patients and 53% of the symptomatic patients (P < 0.001). In the asymptomatic group, no treatment modifications were made postoperatively. Blinding of the surgical team was not removed, and 20% of the symptomatic patients returned to the operating room because of imaging and neurologic findings. The goal of <5% algorithm failure was reached with statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS In asymptomatic postoperative patients in whom early imaging is not performed for oncologic indications, device placement verification, or similar reasons, POI is unnecessary and does not change the management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Ben Zvi
- Neurosurgery Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.
| | - Sher Matsri
- Neurosurgery Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | | | - Saeed Yassin
- Neurosurgery Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Alon Orlev
- Neurosurgery Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | | | - Shlomo Gavrielli
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Edna Inbar
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Adam Loeub
- Neurosurgery Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Noa Schwartz
- Neurosurgery Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Gustavo Rajz
- Neurosurgery Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Ivan Novitsky
- Neurosurgery Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Andrew Kanner
- Neurosurgery Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Shani Berkowitz
- Neurosurgery Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Sagi Harnof
- Neurosurgery Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
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Increasing organ dose accuracy through voxel phantom organ matching with individual patient anatomy. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ji K, Wang Y, Du L, Xu C, Liu Y, He N, Wang J, Liu Q. Research Progress on the Biological Effects of Low-Dose Radiation in China. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819833488. [PMID: 30833876 PMCID: PMC6393828 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819833488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human are exposed to ionizing radiation from natural and artificial sources, which consequently poses a possible risk to human health. However, accumulating evidence indicates that the biological effects of low-dose radiation (LDR) are different from those of high-dose radiation (HDR). Low-dose radiation–induced hormesis has been extensively observed in different biological systems, including immunological and hematopoietic systems. Adaptive responses in response to LDR that can induce cellular resistance to genotoxic effects from subsequent exposure to HDR have also been described and researched. Bystander effects, another type of biological effect induced by LDR, have been shown to widely occur in many cell types. Furthermore, the influence of LDR-induced biological effects on certain diseases, such as cancer and diabetes, has also attracted the interest of researchers. Many studies have suggested that LDR has the potential antitumor and antidiabetic complications effects. In addition, the researches on whether LDR could induce stochastic effects were also debated. Studies on the biological effects of LDR in China started in 1970s and considerable progress has been made since. In the present article, we provide an overview of the research progress on the biological effects of LDR in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihua Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Pecking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Pecking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Liqing Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Pecking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Chang Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Pecking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Pecking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Ningning He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Pecking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jinhan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Pecking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Pecking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
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Zhou DD, Sun P, Jia Z, Zhu W, Shi G, Kong B, Wang H, Zhang H. Multisection computed tomography: Results from a Chinese survey on radiation dose metrics. J Chin Med Assoc 2019; 82:155-160. [PMID: 30839508 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As multisection spiral computed tomography (MSCT) have been extensively used, it is important to consider the amounts of doses the patients are exposed during a computed tomography (CT) examination. The aim of the current study was to summarize MSCT doses in Chinese patients to establish the diagnostic reference levels (DRLs). METHODS Radiation dose metrics were retrospectively collected from 164,073 CT examinations via the Radimetrics Enterprise Platform. Radiation dose metrics (volume CT dose index [CTDIvol], dose-length product [DLP], effective dose [ED], and organ dose) and size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) were calculated for adults and children based on anatomic area and scanner type. RESULTS The median CTDIvol and DLP values were highest in the head at 51.7 mGy (interquartile range [IQR], 33.2-51.7 mGy) and 906.5 mGy·cm (IQR, 582.4-1068.2 mGy·cm) and lowest in the chest at 7.9 mGy (IQR, 7.9-10.3 mGy) and 284.8 mGy·cm (IQR, 249.0-412.6 mGy·cm), respectively. The median SSDE values of chest and pelvis were 12.1 mGy (IQR, 10.8-14.1 mGy) and 36.3 mGy (IQR, 34.0-38.9 mGy), respectively. EDs for children were similar to adults except for an increased 1.5-, 0.77-, and 1.7-fold in the chest, neck, and pelvis, respectively (p < 0.001). Furthermore, radiation doses tended to increase with increasing slice number and decrease when exposure reduction techniques were used. CONCLUSION Our findings provide a basis for the evaluation of CT radiation doses and evidence for establishment of DRLs in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pengfei Sun
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhifang Jia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wanan Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guang Shi
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Boyu Kong
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huimao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Stone J, Mitrofanis J, Johnstone DM, Falsini B, Bisti S, Adam P, Nuevo AB, George-Weinstein M, Mason R, Eells J. Acquired Resilience: An Evolved System of Tissue Protection in Mammals. Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818803428. [PMID: 30627064 PMCID: PMC6311597 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818803428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review brings together observations on the stress-induced regulation of resilience mechanisms in body tissues. It is argued that the stresses that induce tissue resilience in mammals arise from everyday sources: sunlight, food, lack of food, hypoxia and physical stresses. At low levels, these stresses induce an organised protective response in probably all tissues; and, at some higher level, cause tissue destruction. This pattern of response to stress is well known to toxicologists, who have termed it hormesis. The phenotypes of resilience are diverse and reports of stress-induced resilience are to be found in journals of neuroscience, sports medicine, cancer, healthy ageing, dementia, parkinsonism, ophthalmology and more. This diversity makes the proposing of a general concept of induced resilience a significant task, which this review attempts. We suggest that a system of stress-induced tissue resilience has evolved to enhance the survival of animals. By analogy with acquired immunity, we term this system 'acquired resilience'. Evidence is reviewed that acquired resilience, like acquired immunity, fades with age. This fading is, we suggest, a major component of ageing. Understanding of acquired resilience may, we argue, open pathways for the maintenance of good health in the later decades of human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Stone
- Discipline of Physiology, Bosch Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Mitrofanis
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel M. Johnstone
- Discipline of Physiology, Bosch Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Benedetto Falsini
- Facolta’ di Medicina e Chirurgia, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, Universita’ Cattolica del S. Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Bisti
- Department of Biotechnical and Applied Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi dell’Aquila, IIT Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genova and INBB Istituto Nazionale Biosistemi e Biostrutture, Rome, Italy
| | - Paul Adam
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Arturo Bravo Nuevo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mindy George-Weinstein
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Mason
- Discipline of Physiology, Bosch Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janis Eells
- College of Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Basler L, Kowalczyk A, Heidenreich R, Fotin-Mleczek M, Tsitsekidis S, Zips D, Eckert F, Huber SM. Abscopal effects of radiotherapy and combined mRNA-based immunotherapy in a syngeneic, OVA-expressing thymoma mouse model. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:653-662. [PMID: 29335856 PMCID: PMC11028190 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor metastasis and immune evasion present major challenges of cancer treatment. Radiotherapy can overcome immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. Anecdotal reports suggest abscopal anti-tumor immune responses. This study assesses abscopal effects of radiotherapy in combination with mRNA-based cancer vaccination (RNActive®). METHODS C57BL/6 mice were injected with ovalbumin-expressing thymoma cells into the right hind leg (primary tumor) and left flank (secondary tumor) with a delay of 4 days. Primary tumors were irradiated with 3 × 2 Gy, while secondary tumors were shielded. RNA and combined treatment groups received mRNA-based RNActive® vaccination. RESULTS Radiotherapy and combined radioimmunotherapy significantly delayed primary tumor growth with a tumor control in 15 and 53% of mice, respectively. In small secondary tumors, radioimmunotherapy significantly slowed growth rate compared to vaccination (p = 0.002) and control groups (p = 0.01). Cytokine microarray analysis of secondary tumors showed changes in the cytokine microenvironment, even in the non-irradiated contralateral tumors after combination treatment. CONCLUSION Combined irradiation and immunotherapy is able to induce abscopal responses, even with low, normofractionated radiation doses. Thus, the combination of mRNA-based vaccination with irradiation might be an effective regimen to induce systemic anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Basler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Aleksandra Kowalczyk
- CureVac AG, Tübingen, Germany
- Boehringer-Ingelheim, Birkendorferstr. 85, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | | | | | - Savas Tsitsekidis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Zips
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Eckert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan M Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Tübingen, Germany
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Hofer T, Duale N, Muusse M, Eide DM, Dahl H, Boix F, Andersen JM, Olsen AK, Myhre O. Restoration of Cognitive Performance in Mice Carrying a Deficient Allele of 8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase by X-ray Irradiation. Neurotox Res 2017; 33:824-836. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9833-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Elsholtz FHJ, Schaafs LA, Köhlitz T, Hamm B, Niehues SM. Periradicular infiltration of the lumbar spine: testing the robustness of an interventional ultra-low-dose protocol at different body mass index levels. Acta Radiol 2017; 58:1364-1370. [PMID: 28273743 DOI: 10.1177/0284185117694508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Computed tomography (CT)-guided periradicular infiltration remains a frequent interventional procedure for treatment of low back pain. Purpose To present an interventional ultra-low-dose protocol for CT-guided periradicular infiltration therapy and assess its application at different body mass index (BMI) levels. Material and Methods Over a period of 14 months, 79 patients underwent 183 CT-guided interventions for single-site lumbar periradicular therapy using an ultra-low-dose protocol with a basic setup of 100 kV and 5 mAs. Procedures were performed via intermittent fluoroscopy. A retrospective review was performed to analyze the parameters tube current and tube voltage, dose-length product, and BMI. Results The interventional ultra-low-dose protocol allowed safe treatment of 91.1% of the patients without a need for adapting the protocol. In seven patients with a higher BMI (range, 31-38 kg/m2; mean, 34 kg/m2), the tube current had to be increased to retain sufficient image quality. Only patients with a BMI of 30 and higher showed a significant correlation between BMI and dose-length product ( P value = 0.02), resulting in a slightly increased dose ( P value = 0.002). Conclusion The protocol presented for the interventional part of CT-guided periradicular infiltration allows to safely treat patients with a median calculated effective dose of 0.045 mSv (converted from a dose-length-product of 2.26 mGy*cm). Patients with a BMI of 30 and higher required a higher calculated effective dose with just one patient slightly exceeding 0.1 mSv.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bernd Hamm
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Khattab M, Walker DM, Albertini RJ, Nicklas JA, Lundblad LK, Vacek PM, Walker VE. Frequencies of micronucleated reticulocytes, a dosimeter of DNA double-strand breaks, in infants receiving computed tomography or cardiac catheterization. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2017; 820:8-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Xie J, Wang Y, Liu W, Yin X, Chen L, Zou Y, Diwu J, Chai Z, Albrecht-Schmitt TE, Liu G, Wang S. Highly Sensitive Detection of Ionizing Radiations by a Photoluminescent Uranyl Organic Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xie
- School for Radiological and interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Soochow University; 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Yaxing Wang
- School for Radiological and interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Soochow University; 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Wei Liu
- School for Radiological and interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Soochow University; 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xuemiao Yin
- School for Radiological and interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Soochow University; 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Lanhua Chen
- School for Radiological and interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Soochow University; 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Youming Zou
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei Anhui 230031 China
| | - Juan Diwu
- School for Radiological and interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Soochow University; 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Zhifang Chai
- School for Radiological and interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Soochow University; 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Thomas E. Albrecht-Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, F; lorida State University; 95 Chieftain Way Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
| | - Guokui Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division; Argonne National Laboratory; Argonne IL 60439 USA
| | - Shuao Wang
- School for Radiological and interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Soochow University; 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 China
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17
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Xie J, Wang Y, Liu W, Yin X, Chen L, Zou Y, Diwu J, Chai Z, Albrecht-Schmitt TE, Liu G, Wang S. Highly Sensitive Detection of Ionizing Radiations by a Photoluminescent Uranyl Organic Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7500-7504. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xie
- School for Radiological and interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Soochow University; 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Yaxing Wang
- School for Radiological and interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Soochow University; 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Wei Liu
- School for Radiological and interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Soochow University; 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xuemiao Yin
- School for Radiological and interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Soochow University; 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Lanhua Chen
- School for Radiological and interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Soochow University; 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Youming Zou
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei Anhui 230031 China
| | - Juan Diwu
- School for Radiological and interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Soochow University; 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Zhifang Chai
- School for Radiological and interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Soochow University; 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Thomas E. Albrecht-Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, F; lorida State University; 95 Chieftain Way Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
| | - Guokui Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division; Argonne National Laboratory; Argonne IL 60439 USA
| | - Shuao Wang
- School for Radiological and interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Soochow University; 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 China
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Toward a Framework for Benefit-Risk Assessment in Diagnostic Imaging: Identifying Scenario-specific Criteria. Acad Radiol 2017; 24:538-549. [PMID: 28372958 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Diagnostic imaging has many effects and there is no common definition of value in diagnostic radiology. As benefit-risk trade-offs are rarely made explicit, it is not clear which framework is used in clinical guideline development. We describe initial steps toward the creation of a benefit-risk framework for diagnostic radiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a literature search and an online survey of physicians to identify and collect benefit-risk criteria (BRC) relevant to diagnostic imaging tests. We operationalized a process for selection of BRC with the use of four clinical use case scenarios that vary by diagnostic alternatives and clinical indication. Respondent BRC selections were compared across clinical scenarios and between radiologists and nonradiologists. RESULTS Thirty-six BRC were identified and organized into three domains: (1) those that account for differences attributable only to the test or device (n = 17); (2) those that account for clinical management and provider experiences (n = 12); and (3) those that capture patient experience (n = 7). Forty-eight survey participants selected 22 criteria from the initial list in the survey (9-11 per case). Engaging ordering physicians increased the number of criteria selected in each of the four clinical scenarios presented. We developed a process for standardizing selection of BRC in guideline development. CONCLUSION These results suggest that a process relying on elements of comparative effectiveness and the use of standardized BRC may ensure consistent examination of differences among alternatives by way of making explicit implicit trade-offs that otherwise enter the decision-making space and detract from consistency and transparency. These findings also highlight the need for multidisciplinary teams that include input from ordering physicians.
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Betlazar C, Middleton RJ, Banati RB, Liu GJ. The impact of high and low dose ionising radiation on the central nervous system. Redox Biol 2016; 9:144-156. [PMID: 27544883 PMCID: PMC4993858 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Responses of the central nervous system (CNS) to stressors and injuries, such as ionising radiation, are modulated by the concomitant responses of the brains innate immune effector cells, microglia. Exposure to high doses of ionising radiation in brain tissue leads to the expression and release of biochemical mediators of ‘neuroinflammation’, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to tissue destruction. Contrastingly, low dose ionising radiation may reduce vulnerability to subsequent exposure of ionising radiation, largely through the stimulation of adaptive responses, such as antioxidant defences. These disparate responses may be reflective of non-linear differential microglial activation at low and high doses, manifesting as an anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory functional state. Biomarkers of pathology in the brain, such as the mitochondrial Translocator Protein 18 kDa (TSPO), have facilitated in vivo characterisation of microglial activation and ‘neuroinflammation’ in many pathological states of the CNS, though the exact function of TSPO in these responses remains elusive. Based on the known responsiveness of TSPO expression to a wide range of noxious stimuli, we discuss TSPO as a potential biomarker of radiation-induced effects. Ionising radiation can modulate responses of microglial cells in the CNS. High doses can induce ROS formation, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Low doses can mitigate tissue damage via antioxidant defences. TSPO as a potential biomarker and modulator of radiation induced effects in the CNS. Non-linear differential microglial activation to high and low doses is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calina Betlazar
- Bioanalytics group, Life Sciences, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia; Discipline of Medical Imaging & Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, 75 East Street, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia
| | - Ryan J Middleton
- Bioanalytics group, Life Sciences, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Richard B Banati
- Bioanalytics group, Life Sciences, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia; Discipline of Medical Imaging & Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, 75 East Street, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia.
| | - Guo-Jun Liu
- Bioanalytics group, Life Sciences, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia; Discipline of Medical Imaging & Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, 75 East Street, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia.
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Abstract
Several radiation-related professional societies have concluded that carcinogenic risks associated with doses below 50-100 mSv are either too small to be detected, or are nonexistent. This is especially important in the context of doses from medical imaging. Radiation exposure to the public from medical imaging procedures is rising around the world, primarily due to increased utilization of computed tomography. Professional societies and advisory bodies consistently recommend against multiplying small doses by large populations to predict excess radiation-induced cancers, in large part because of the potential for sensational claims of health impacts which do not adequately take the associated uncertainties into account. Nonetheless, numerous articles have predicted thousands of future cancers as a result of CT scanning, and this has generated considerable concern among patients and parents. In addition, some authors claim that we now have direct epidemiological evidence of carcinogenic risks from medical imaging. This paper critically examines such claims, and concludes that the evidence cited does not provide direct evidence of low-dose carcinogenicity. These claims themselves have adverse public health impacts by frightening the public away from medically justified exams. It is time for the medical and scientific communities to be more assertive in responding to sensational claims of health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brant A. Ulsh
- Principal Health Physicist, M.H. Chew & Associates, Livermore, CA
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Alshamari M, Geijer M, Norrman E, Geijer H. Low-dose computed tomography of the lumbar spine: a phantom study on imaging parameters and image quality. Acta Radiol 2014; 55:824-32. [PMID: 24215904 DOI: 10.1177/0284185113509615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lumbar spine radiography has limited diagnostic value but low radiation dose compared with computed tomography (CT). The average effective radiation dose from lumbar spine radiography is about 1.1 mSv. Low-dose lumbar spine CT may be an alternative to increase the diagnostic value at low radiation dose, around 1 mSv. PURPOSE To determine the optimal settings for low-dose lumbar spine CT simultaneously aiming for the highest diagnostic image quality possible. MATERIAL AND METHODS An ovine lower thoracic and lumbar spine phantom, with all soft tissues around the vertebrae preserved except the skin, was placed in a 20 L plastic container filled with water. The phantom was scanned repeatedly with various technical settings; different tube potential, reference mAs, and with different convolution filters. Five radiologists evaluated the image quality according to a modification of the European guidelines for multislice computed tomography (MSCT) quality criteria for lumbar spine CT 2004. In a visual comparison the different scans were also ranked subjectively according to perceived image quality. Image noise and contrast were measured. RESULTS A tube potential of 120 kV with reference mAs 30 and medium or medium smooth convolution filter gave the best image quality at a sub-millisievert dose level, i.e. with an effective dose comparable to that from lumbar spine radiography. CONCLUSION Low-dose lumbar spine CT thus opens a possibility to substitute lumbar spine radiography with CT without obvious increase in radiation dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Alshamari
- Department of Radiology, Örebro University Hospital and Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden
| | - Mats Geijer
- Center for Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Eva Norrman
- Department of Medical Physics, Örebro University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Håkan Geijer
- Department of Radiology, Örebro University Hospital and Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden
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Reisz JA, Bansal N, Qian J, Zhao W, Furdui CM. Effects of ionizing radiation on biological molecules--mechanisms of damage and emerging methods of detection. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:260-92. [PMID: 24382094 PMCID: PMC4060780 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The detrimental effects of ionizing radiation (IR) involve a highly orchestrated series of events that are amplified by endogenous signaling and culminating in oxidative damage to DNA, lipids, proteins, and many metabolites. Despite the global impact of IR, the molecular mechanisms underlying tissue damage reveal that many biomolecules are chemoselectively modified by IR. RECENT ADVANCES The development of high-throughput "omics" technologies for mapping DNA and protein modifications have revolutionized the study of IR effects on biological systems. Studies in cells, tissues, and biological fluids are used to identify molecular features or biomarkers of IR exposure and response and the molecular mechanisms that regulate their expression or synthesis. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, chemical mechanisms are described for IR-induced modifications of biomolecules along with methods for their detection. Included with the detection methods are crucial experimental considerations and caveats for their use. Additional factors critical to the cellular response to radiation, including alterations in protein expression, metabolomics, and epigenetic factors, are also discussed. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Throughout the review, the synergy of combined "omics" technologies such as genomics and epigenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics is highlighted. These are anticipated to lead to new hypotheses to understand IR effects on biological systems and improve IR-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Reisz
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Hong EH, Song JY, Lee SJ, Park IC, Um HD, Park JK, Lee KH, Nam SY, Hwang SG. Low-dose γ-radiation inhibits IL-1β-induced dedifferentiation and inflammation of articular chondrocytes via blockage of catenin signaling. IUBMB Life 2014; 66:128-37. [PMID: 24604706 PMCID: PMC4321059 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although low-dose radiation (LDR) regulates a wide range of biological processes, limited information is available on the effects of LDR on the chondrocyte phenotype. Here, we found that LDR, at doses of 0.5–2 centiGray (cGy), inhibited interleukin (IL)-1β-induced chondrocyte destruction without causing side effects, such as cell death and senescence. IL-1β treatment induced an increase in the expression of α-, β-, and γ-catenin proteins in chondrocytes via Akt signaling, thereby promoting dedifferentiation through catenin-dependent suppression of Sox-9 transcription factor expression and induction of inflammation through activation of the NF-κB pathway. Notably, LDR blocked cartilage disorders by inhibiting IL-1β-induced catenin signaling and subsequent catenin-dependent suppression of the Sox-9 pathway and activation of the NF-κB pathway, without directly altering catenin expression. LDR also inhibited chondrocyte destruction through the catenin pathway induced by epidermal growth factor, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, and retinoic acid. Collectively, these results identify the molecular mechanisms by which LDR suppresses pathophysiological processes and establish LDR as a potentially valuable therapeutic tool for patients with cytokine- or soluble factors-mediated cartilage disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hee Hong
- Division of Radiation Cancer Biology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea; Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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Hosman AE, Devlin HL, Silva BM, Shovlin CL. Specific cancer rates may differ in patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia compared to controls. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2013; 8:195. [PMID: 24354965 PMCID: PMC3891994 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-8-195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, affects ~1 in 5,000, and causes multi-systemic vascular lesions and life-limiting complications. Life expectancy is surprisingly good, particularly for patients over 60ys. We hypothesised that individuals with HHT may be protected against life-limiting cancers. Methods To compare specific cancer rates in HHT patients and controls, we developed a questionnaire capturing data on multiple relatives per respondent, powered to detect differences in the four most common solid non skin cancers (breast, colorectal, lung and prostate), each associated with significant mortality. Blinded to cancer responses, reports of HHT-specific features allowed assignment of participants and relatives as HHT-subjects, unknowns, or controls. Logistic and quadratic regressions were used to compare rates of specific cancer types between HHT subjects and controls. Results 1,307 participants completed the questionnaire including 1,007 HHT-subjects and 142 controls. The rigorous HHT diagnostic algorithm meant that 158 (12%) completed datasets were not assignable either to HHT or control status. For cancers predominantly recognised as primary cancers, the rates in the controls generally matched age-standardised rates for the general population. HHT subjects recruited through the survey had similar demographics to controls, although the HHT group reported a significantly greater smoking habit. Combining data of participants and uniquely-reported relatives resulted in an HHT-arm of 2,161 (58% female), and control-arm of 2,817 (52% female), with median ages of 66ys [IQR 53–77] and 77ys [IQR 65–82] respectively. In both crude and age-adjusted regression, lung cancers were significantly less frequent in the HHT arm than controls (age-adjusted odds ratio 0.48 [0.30, 0.70], p = 0.0012). Breast cancer prevalence was higher in HHT than controls (age-adjusted OR 1.52 [1.07, 2.14], p = 0.018). Overall, prostate and colorectal cancer rates were equivalent, but the pattern of colorectal cancer was modified, with a higher prevalence in younger HHT patients than controls. Conclusions These preliminary survey data suggest clinically significant differences in the rates of lung, breast and colorectal cancer in HHT patients compared to controls. For rare diseases in which longitudinal studies take decades to recruit equivalent datasets, this type of methodology provides a good first-step method for data collection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Claire L Shovlin
- NHLI Cardiovascular Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Ardley ND, Lau KK, Buchan K. Radiation dose reduction using a neck detection algorithm for single spiral brain and cervical spine CT acquisition in the trauma setting. Emerg Radiol 2013; 20:493-7. [PMID: 23873606 DOI: 10.1007/s10140-013-1145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cervical spine injuries occur in 4-8 % of adults with head trauma. Dual acquisition technique has been traditionally used for the CT scanning of brain and cervical spine. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of radiation dose reduction by using a single acquisition technique that incorporated both anatomical regions with a dedicated neck detection algorithm. Thirty trauma patients for brain and cervical spine CT were included and were scanned with the single acquisition technique. The radiation doses from the single CT acquisition technique with the neck detection algorithm, which allowed appropriate independent dose administration relevant to brain and cervical spine regions, were recorded. Comparison was made both to the doses calculated from the simulation of the traditional dual acquisitions with matching parameters, and to the doses of retrospective dual acquisition legacy technique with the same sample size. The mean simulated dose for the traditional dual acquisition technique was 3.99 mSv, comparable to the average dose of 4.2 mSv from 30 previous patients who had CT of brain and cervical spine as dual acquisitions. The mean dose from the single acquisition technique was 3.35 mSv, resulting in a 16 % overall dose reduction. The images from the single acquisition technique were of excellent diagnostic quality. The new single acquisition CT technique incorporating the neck detection algorithm for brain and cervical spine significantly reduces the overall radiation dose by eliminating the unavoidable overlapping range between 2 anatomical regions which occurs with the traditional dual acquisition technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Ardley
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, 3168, Victoria, Australia,
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