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Ramírez Ríos S, Lamarche F, Cottet-Rousselle C, Klaus A, Tuerk R, Thali R, Auchli Y, Brunisholz R, Neumann D, Barret L, Tokarska-Schlattner M, Schlattner U. Regulation of brain-type creatine kinase by AMP-activated protein kinase: interaction, phosphorylation and ER localization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:1271-83. [PMID: 24727412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and cytosolic brain-type creatine kinase (BCK) cooperate under energy stress to compensate for loss of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by either stimulating ATP-generating and inhibiting ATP-consuming pathways, or by direct ATP regeneration from phosphocreatine, respectively. Here we report on AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of BCK from different species identified by in vitro screening for AMPK substrates in mouse brain. Mass spectrometry, protein sequencing, and site-directed mutagenesis identified Ser6 as a relevant residue with one site phosphorylated per BCK dimer. Yeast two-hybrid analysis revealed interaction of active AMPK specifically with non-phosphorylated BCK. Pharmacological activation of AMPK mimicking energy stress led to BCK phosphorylation in astrocytes and fibroblasts, as evidenced with a highly specific phospho-Ser6 antibody. BCK phosphorylation at Ser6 did not affect its enzymatic activity, but led to the appearance of the phosphorylated enzyme at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), close to the ER calcium pump, a location known for muscle-type cytosolic creatine kinase (CK) to support Ca²⁺-pumping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacnicte Ramírez Ríos
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, Grenoble, France; Inserm, U1055, Grenoble, France
| | - Frédéric Lamarche
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, Grenoble, France; Inserm, U1055, Grenoble, France
| | - Cécile Cottet-Rousselle
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, Grenoble, France; Inserm, U1055, Grenoble, France
| | - Anna Klaus
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, Grenoble, France; Inserm, U1055, Grenoble, France
| | - Roland Tuerk
- Institute of Cell Biology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ramon Thali
- Institute of Cell Biology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yolanda Auchli
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich/University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - René Brunisholz
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich/University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Luc Barret
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, Grenoble, France; Inserm, U1055, Grenoble, France
| | - Malgorzata Tokarska-Schlattner
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, Grenoble, France; Inserm, U1055, Grenoble, France
| | - Uwe Schlattner
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, Grenoble, France; Inserm, U1055, Grenoble, France.
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El-Sawalhi MM, Darwish HA, Mausouf MN, Shaheen AA. Modulation of age-related changes in oxidative stress markers and energy status in the rat heart and hippocampus: a significant role for ozone therapy. Cell Biochem Funct 2012; 31:518-25. [PMID: 23172693 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress emerges as a key player in the ageing process. Controlled ozone administration is known to promote an oxidative preconditioning or adaptation to oxidative stress. The present study investigated whether prophylactic ozone administration could interfere with the age-related changes in the heart and the hippocampus of rats. Four groups of rats, aged about 3 months old, were used. Group 1 (Prophylactic ozone group) received ozone/oxygen mixture by rectal insufflations (0.6 mg/kg) twice/week for the first 3 months, then once/week till the age of 15 months. Group 2 (Oxygen group) received oxygen as vehicle for ozone in a manner similar to group 1. Group 3 (Aged control group) was kept without any treatment until the age of 15 months. A fourth group of rats (Adult control group) was evaluated at 3 months of age to provide baseline data. Ozone alleviated age-associated redox state imbalance as evidenced by reduction of lipid and protein oxidation markers, lessening of lipofuscin deposition, restoration of glutathione levels in both tissues and normalization of glutathione peroxidase activity in the heart tissue. Ozone also mitigated age-associated energy failure in the heart and the hippocampus, improved cardiac cytosolic Ca(2+) homeostasis and restored the attenuated Na(+) , K(+) -ATPase activity in the hippocampus of aged rats. These data provide new evidence concerning the anti-ageing potential of prophylactic ozone administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M El-Sawalhi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Motawi TK, Darwish HA, Abd El Tawab AM. The relative efficacy of aminoguanidine and pentoxifylline in modulating endotoxin-induced cardiac stress. Cell Biochem Funct 2011; 29:694-702. [PMID: 21976268 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of aminoguanidine (AG), a selective inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor, and pentoxifylline (PTX), a tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitor, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cardiac stress. Rats were divided into four groups: group I served as a control, group II (LPS) received a single intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 mg·kg(-1) ), group III (LPS+AG) and group IV (LPS+PTX) were injected with either AG (100 mg·kg(-1) ) or PTX (150 mg·kg(-1) ) intraperitoneally 10 days prior to LPS administration. Normalization of cardiac levels of nitrite/nitrate (NO(X) ), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Na(+) , K(+) -ATPase activities was evident in the AG group. Both AG and PTX decreased the elevated serum TNF-α levels, the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) and cardiac myeloperoxidase (MPO). The levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and phosphocreatine (PCr) were enhanced following AG and PTX pretreatments. Calcium (Ca(2+) ) levels were altered, and the histopathological observations supported the described results. Conclusively, the study highlights the cardioprotective potential of AG and PTX with superior results from AG. These findings reveal the relative contribution of nitric oxide and TNF-α to oxidative stress and energy failure during endotoxemia.
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Motawi TM, Sadik NA, Refaat A. Cytoprotective effects of DL-alpha-lipoic acid or squalene on cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative injury: An experimental study on rat myocardium, testicles and urinary bladder. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:2326-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 05/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yian C, Moon SK, Jin S, Webster P, Rhim JS, Andalibi A, Lim DJ. Characterization of rat spiral ligament cell line immortalized by adenovirus 12-simian virus 40 hybrid virus. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2007; 115:930-8. [PMID: 17214269 DOI: 10.1177/000348940611501213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Spiral ligament fibrocytes play an important role in inner ear ion homeostasis and are classified into several subtypes according to expression of specific enzymes such as Na+, K+ -ATPase, Ca++ -ATPase, and carbonic anhydrase. Although our understanding of the cell and molecular biology of spiral ligament fibrocytes has increased over time, access to these cells still remains a significant hurdle hindering future studies. In this study, we aimed to establish a rat spiral ligament cell line with minimal disruption of the original characteristics. METHODS The primary spiral ligament fibrocytes were exposed to adenovirus 12-simian virus 40 hybrid virus for immortalization. Karyotypic analysis was performed after stabilization of the infected cells, and the population doubling time was compared to that of the primary cell. The cell line was characterized by immunolabeling and electron microscopy. RESULTS We describe the establishment and characterization of a line of type I spiral ligament fibrocytes immortalized with an adenovirus 12-simian virus 40 hybrid virus. CONCLUSIONS This cell line can be a useful research tool for investigating the role of spiral ligament fibrocytes in homeostasis and inflammation of the inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Yian
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, USA
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Sudharsan PT, Mythili Y, Selvakumar E, Varalakshmi P. Lupeol and its ester inhibit alteration of myocardial permeability in cyclophosphamide administered rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 292:39-44. [PMID: 17009100 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-006-9171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2006] [Accepted: 03/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP), an alkylating agent widely used in cancer chemotherapy causes cardiac membrane damage. Lupeol, a pentacyclic triterpene, isolated from Crataeva nurvala stem bark and its ester, lupeol linoleate possess a wide range of medicinal properties. The effect of lupeol and its ester was evaluated in CP induced alterations in cardiac electrolytes in rats. Male albino rats of Wistar strain were categorized into 6 groups. Group I served as control. Rats in groups II, V and VI were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of CP (200 mg/kg body weight) dissolved in saline. CP treated groups V and VI received lupeol and lupeol linoleate (50 mg/kg body weight) respectively, dissolved in olive oil for 10 days by oral gavage. At the end of the experimental period, urinary risk factors, activities of ATPases and electrolytes were measured using standard procedures. CP administered rats showed a significant decrease (P < 0.001) in the activities of ATPases. It was associated with significant alterations (P < 0.001) of electrolytes both in serum and cardiac tissue. The levels of urea, uric acid and creatinine were also significantly (P < 0.001) altered in the serum and urine. Lupeol and its ester showed reversal of the above alterations induced by CP. These findings demonstrate that the supplementation with lupeol and its ester could preserve membrane permeability, highlighting their protective effect against CP induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periyasamy Thandavan Sudharsan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM. Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600113, India
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Field ML, Khan O, Abbaraju J, Clark JF. Functional compartmentation of glycogen phosphorylase with creatine kinase and Ca2+ATPase in skeletal muscle. J Theor Biol 2006; 238:257-68. [PMID: 16005021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2004] [Revised: 03/16/2005] [Accepted: 05/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript discusses aspects of functional compartmentation in the regulation of metabolism. The functional consequences of enzymes coupling between creatine kinase, glycogen phosphorylase and sarcoplasmic reticular Ca2+ ATPase is examined. It is proposed that the coupling of creatine kinase and glycogen phosphorylase classifies as a novel class of diazyme complex with an important regulatory role in the inhibition of glycogenolysis at rest. In addition it is suggested that creatine kinase, glycogen phosphorylase and the sarcoplasmic reticular Ca2+ ATPase may couple to form a three-enzyme complex. From a consideration of the structure and chemical catalysis of the putative three-enzyme complex, a novel net reaction for glycogenolysis in the vicinity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum is suggested (Phosphocreatine+Glycogen+H(+)Creatine+Glycogen(n)(-1)+Glucose-1-Phosphate). The three-enzyme complex may also have an important role in inhibiting glycogenolysis at rest as well as improving the efficiency of high-energy phosphate transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Field
- The Cardiothoracic Centre, Thomas Drive, Liverpool L14 3PE, UK.
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Mythili Y, Sudharsan PT, Varalakshmi P. Cytoprotective role of DL-α-Lipoic acid in cyclophosphamide induced myocardial toxicity. Mol Cell Biochem 2005; 276:39-44. [PMID: 16132683 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-005-2735-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2005] [Accepted: 02/23/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP), a potent antitumor drug is known to cause severe cardiotoxicity. The present study is aimed at evaluating the cardioprotective role of lipoic acid in CP induced toxicity. Male albino rats of Wistar strain were divided into four groups and treated as follows: Group I served as control, Group II received a single dose of CP (200 mg/kg b.wt., i.p.), Group III received lipoic acid (25 mg/kg b.wt., orally) for 10 days, Group IV received CP immediately followed by lipoic acid for 10 days. In CP administered rats, the activities of tissue marker enzymes (creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase) were significantly (p<0.001) reduced, ATPases suffered loss in enzyme activity and thiols were depleted. Histopathological observations were also in agreement with the above abnormal changes. Lipoic acid effectively reverted these abnormal biochemical changes and minimized the histopathological lesions in heart. These observations highlight the protective role of lipoic acid in CP induced cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mythili
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM. Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, 600 113, India,
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Novotová M, Zahradník I, Brochier G, Pavlovicová M, Bigard X, Ventura-Clapier R. Joint participation of mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum in the formation of tubular aggregates in gastrocnemius muscle of CK-/- mice. Eur J Cell Biol 2002; 81:101-6. [PMID: 11893080 DOI: 10.1078/0171-9335-00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubular aggregates are specific subcellular structures that appear in skeletal muscle fibres under different pathological conditions. The origin of the tubular aggregates is generally ascribed to proliferating membranes of sarcoplasmic reticulum. There are, however, histochemical indications for the presence of mitochondrial enzymes in tubular aggregates suggesting contribution of mitochondria to the genesis of tubular aggregates. In this study we used an immunocytochemical detection technique to assess participation of mitochondria and of sarcoplasmic reticulum in derivation of tubular aggregates. The fast skeletal muscle fibres (m. gastrocnemius) of mice bearing the double invalidation for both the mitochondrial and the cytosolic isoforms of creatine kinase (CK), an enzyme involved in energetics of muscle cells, were employed as a model muscle with tubular aggregates (Steeghs et al., Cell 89, 93-103, 1997). Immunogold labelling of the bc1 complex, a specific integral protein of the inner mitochondrial membrane, provided strong signals in both the mitochondria and tubular aggregates but not in other ultrastructural components of muscle fibres. A similar strong immunogold signal was obtained when labelling for SERCA1, a specific enzyme of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane, in regions of typical occurrence of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and in tubular aggregates. In double labelling experiments, we found simultaneous labelling of tubular aggregates with both the bc1 and SERCA1 antibodies. It is concluded, that in CK-/- mouse both the inner mitochondrial membrane and the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum participate in the formation of tubular aggregates.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium-Transporting ATPases/metabolism
- Calcium-Transporting ATPases/ultrastructure
- Creatine Kinase/deficiency
- Creatine Kinase/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Microscopy, Electron
- Microtubules/enzymology
- Microtubules/pathology
- Microtubules/ultrastructure
- Mitochondria, Muscle/enzymology
- Mitochondria, Muscle/pathology
- Mitochondria, Muscle/ultrastructure
- Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/ultrastructure
- Muscular Diseases/enzymology
- Muscular Diseases/pathology
- Muscular Diseases/physiopathology
- RNA, Long Noncoding
- RNA, Untranslated
- Ribonucleoproteins, Small Cytoplasmic/metabolism
- Ribonucleoproteins, Small Cytoplasmic/ultrastructure
- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/enzymology
- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/pathology
- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/ultrastructure
- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Novotová
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Boehm E, Ventura-Clapier R, Mateo P, Lechène P, Veksler V. Glycolysis supports calcium uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skinned ventricular fibres of mice deficient in mitochondrial and cytosolic creatine kinase. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2000; 32:891-902. [PMID: 10888244 DOI: 10.1006/jmcc.2000.1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several works have shown the importance of the creatine kinase (CK) system for cardiac energetics and Ca2+ homeostasis. Nevertheless, CK-deficient mice have cardiac function close to normal, at least under conditions of low or moderate workload. To characterize possible adaptive changes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and potential role of glycolytic support in cardiac contractility we used the skinned fibre technique to study properties of the SR and myofibrils, in control and muscle-type homodimer (MM-/mitochondrial-CK)-deficient mice. In control fibres, SR Ca2+ loading with ATP and phosphocreatine (solution PL) was significantly better than loading with ATP alone (solution AL), as determined by analysis of caffeine-induced tension transients. Loading in the presence of ATP and glycolytic intermediates (solution GL) was not significantly different from solution PL. These data indicate that Ca2+ uptake by the SR in situ depends on a local ATP:ADP ratio that is controlled by both CK and glycolytic enzymes. In CK-deficient mice, Ca2+ loading was impaired in solution PL due to the absence of CK. In solution GL, loading was significantly increased, such that calculated Ca2+ release parameters were normalized to those in control fibres in solution PL. In CK-deficient mice, fibre kinetic parameters of tension recovery were impaired after quick stretch in solution PL and were not improved in solution GL. These results show that in CK-deficient mice, at least under basal conditions, glycolysis can replace the CK system in fueling the SR Ca2+ ATPase, but not the myosin ATPase, and may in part explain the limited phenotypic alterations seen in the hearts of these mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Boehm
- Laboratoire de Cardiologie Cellulaire et Moleculaire, INSERM U-446, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Minajeva A, Kaasik A, Paju K, Seppet E, Lompré AM, Veksler V, Ventura-Clapier R. Sarcoplasmic reticulum function in determining atrioventricular contractile differences in rat heart. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1997; 273:H2498-507. [PMID: 9374790 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1997.273.5.h2498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The relationships between the contractile characteristics and the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) function of rat atrial and ventricular trabeculae were compared. The isometric developed tension (DT) and the rates of contraction (+ dT/dt) and relaxation (-dT/dt) normalized to cross-sectional area were 3.7, 2.2, and 1.8 times lower, respectively, in intact atrial strips compared with ventricular strips, whereas + dT/dt and -dT/dt (normalized to DT) were 2.3 and 2.8 times higher, respectively, in atria. Atria exhibited a maximal potentiation of DT after shorter rest periods than ventricles and a lower reversal for prolonged rest periods. Caffeine-induced tension transients in saponin-permeabilized fibers suggested that the Ca2+ concentration released in atrial myofibrils reached a lower maximum and decayed more slowly than in ventricular preparations. However, the tension-time integrals indicated an equivalent capacity of sequestrable Ca2+ in SR from both tissues. In atrial, as in ventricular myocardium, the SR Ca2+ uptake was more efficiently supported by ATP produced by the SR-bound MM form of creatine kinase (CK; MM-CK) than by externally added ATP, suggesting a tight functional coupling between the SR Ca2+ adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) and MM-CK. The maximal rate of oxalate-supported Ca2+ uptake was two times higher in atrial than in ventricular tissue homogenates. The SR Ca(2+)-ATPase 2a mRNA content normalized to 18S RNA was 38% higher in atria than in ventricles, whereas the amount of mRNA encoding the alpha-myosin heavy chain, calsequestrin, and the ryanodine receptor was similar in both tissues. Thus a lower amount of readily releasable Ca2+ together with a faster uptake rate may partly account for the shorter time course and lower tension development in intact atrial myocardium compared with ventricular myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Minajeva
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Tartu, Estonia
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12
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Roman BB, Wieringa B, Koretsky AP. Functional equivalence of creatine kinase isoforms in mouse skeletal muscle. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:17790-4. [PMID: 9211932 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.28.17790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Creatine kinase (CK) is a highly conserved enzyme abundant in skeletal muscle that has a key role in high energy phosphate metabolism. The localization of the muscle isoenzyme of CK (MM-CK) to the M line and the sarcoplasmic reticulum of myofibrils has been suggested to be important for proper force development in skeletal muscle. The importance of this subcellular compartmentation has not been directly tested in vivo. To test the role of myofibrilar localization of CK, the consequences of a complete CK isoform switch from MM-CK to the brain (BB-CK) isoform, which does not localize to the M line, was studied in transgenic mouse skeletal muscle. In MM-CK knockout mice there are large contractile defects. When MM-CK was replaced by BB-CK, the aberrant contractile phenotypes seen in MM-CK knockout mice were returned to normal despite the lack of myofibrillar localization. These results indicate that CK compartmentation to the myofibril of skeletal muscle is not essential for contractile function and that there is functional equivalence of creatine kinase isoforms in supporting cellular energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Roman
- Department of Biological Sciences and Pittsburgh NMR Center for Biomedical Research, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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13
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Steeghs K, Heerschap A, de Haan A, Ruitenbeek W, Oerlemans F, van Deursen J, Perryman B, Pette D, Brückwilder M, Koudijs J, Jap P, Wieringa B. Use of gene targeting for compromising energy homeostasis in neuro-muscular tissues: the role of sarcomeric mitochondrial creatine kinase. J Neurosci Methods 1997; 71:29-41. [PMID: 9125373 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0270(96)00124-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We have introduced a single knock-out mutation in the mitochondrial creatine kinase gene (ScCKmit) in the mouse germ line via targeted mutagenesis in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. Surprisingly, ScCKmit -/- muscles, unlike muscles of mice with a deficiency of cytosolic M-type creatine kinase (M-CK -/-; Van Deursen et al. (1993) Cell 74, 621-631), display no altered morphology, performance or oxidative phosphorylation capacity. Also, the levels of high energy phosphate metabolites were essentially unaltered in ScCKmit mutants. Our results challenge some of the present concepts about the strict coupling between CKmit function and aerobic respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Steeghs
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Nijmegen, Netherlands
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14
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Minajeva A, Ventura-Clapier R, Veksler V. Ca2+ uptake by cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase in situ strongly depends on bound creatine kinase. Pflugers Arch 1996; 432:904-12. [PMID: 8772142 DOI: 10.1007/s004240050214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The role of creatine kinase (CK) bound to sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), in the energy supply of SR ATPase in situ, was studied in saponin-permeabilised rat ventricular fibres by loading SR at pCa 6. 5 for different times and under different energy supply conditions. Release of Ca2+ was induced by 5 mM caffeine and the peak of relative tension (T/Tmax) and the area under isometric tension curves, ST, were measured. Taking advantage of close localisation of myofibrils and SR, free [Ca2+] in the fibres during the release was estimated using steady state [Ca2+]/tension relationship. Peak [Ca2+] and integral of free Ca2+ transients (S[Ca2+]f) were then calculated. At all times, loading with 0.25 mM adenosine diphosphate, Mg2+ salt (MgADP) and 12 mM phosphocreatine (PCr) [when adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was generated via bound CK] was as efficient as loading with both 3.16 mM MgATP and 12 mM PCr (control conditions). However, when loading was supported by MgATP alone (3.16 mM), T/Tmax was only 40% and S[Ca2+]f 31% of control (P < 0.001). Under these conditions, addition of a soluble ATP-regenerating system (pyruvate kinase and phosphoenolpyruvate), did not increase loading substantially. Both ST and S[Ca2+]f were more sensitive to the loading conditions than T/Tmax and peak [Ca2+]. The data suggest that Ca2+ uptake by the SR in situ depends on local ATP/ADP ratio which is effectively controlled by bound CK.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Minajeva
- Laboratoire de Cardiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, INSERM U-446, Faculté de Pharmacie Université Paris-Sud, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296, Châtenay-Malabry, Cedex, France
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Sistermans EA, Klaassen CH, Peters W, Swarts HG, Jap PH, De Pont JJ, Wieringa B. Co-localization and functional coupling of creatine kinase B and gastric H+/K(+)-ATPase on the apical membrane and the tubulovesicular system of parietal cells. Biochem J 1995; 311 ( Pt 2):445-51. [PMID: 7487880 PMCID: PMC1136020 DOI: 10.1042/bj3110445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Immunogold labelling of creatine kinase B (BB-CK) and gastric H+/K(+)-ATPase in the parietal cells of the stomach revealed colocalization of these two enzymes on the apical membrane and the membranes of the tubulovesicular system. Upon fractionation of hog parietal cells, a specific fraction of the BB-CK proteins remained associated with the purified vesicles, in which gastric H+/K(+)-ATPase is highly enriched. The BB-CK present in this highly purified preparation was able to support pronounced H+/K(+)-ATPase activity in K(+)-loaded vesicles in the presence of phosphocreatine and ADP, although only low levels of ATP were measured. In contrast, when pyruvate kinase, phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP were used as an ATP-generating system to sustain similar levels of H+/K(+)-ATPase activity, ATP levels were more than 10-fold higher. Changing the experimental conditions such that ATP levels were the same for both systems resulted in significantly elevated H+/K(+)-ATPase activities in the BB-CK/phosphocreatine system in comparison with the pyruvate kinase/phosphoenolpyruvate system. These results indicate that gastric H+/K(+)-ATPase has preferential access to ATP generated by creatine kinase co-localized on the membranes of the vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Sistermans
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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16
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Veksler VI, Kuznetsov AV, Anflous K, Mateo P, van Deursen J, Wieringa B, Ventura-Clapier R. Muscle creatine kinase-deficient mice. II. Cardiac and skeletal muscles exhibit tissue-specific adaptation of the mitochondrial function. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:19921-9. [PMID: 7650007 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.34.19921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional properties of in situ mitochondria and of mitochondrial creatine kinase were studied in saponin-skinned fibers taken from normal and M-creatine kinase-deficient mice. In control animals, apparent Km values of mitochondrial respiration for ADP in cardiac (ventricular) and slow-twitch (soleus) muscles (137 +/- 16 microM and 209 +/- 10 microM, respectively) were manyfold higher than that in fast-twitch (gastrocnemius) muscle (7.5 +/- 0.5 microM). Creatine substantially decreased the Km values only in cardiac and slow-twitch muscles (73 +/- 11 microM and 131 +/- 21 microM, respectively). As compared to control, in situ mitochondria in transgenic ventricular and slow-twitch muscles showed two times lower Km values for ADP, and the presence of creatine only slightly decreased the Km values. In mutant fast-twitch muscle, a decrease rather than increase in mitochondrial sensitivity to ADP occurred, but creatine still had no effect. Furthermore, in these muscles, relatively low oxidative capacity was considerably elevated. It is suggested that in the mutant mice, impairment of energy transport function in ventricular and slow-twitch muscles is compensated by a facilitation of adenine nucleotide transportation between mitochondria and cellular ATPases; in fast-twitch muscle, mainly energy buffering function is depressed, and that is overcome by an increase in energy-producing potential.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological
- Adenosine Diphosphate/pharmacology
- Adenylate Kinase/metabolism
- Animals
- Creatine Kinase/deficiency
- Creatine Kinase/genetics
- Female
- In Vitro Techniques
- Isoenzymes
- Kinetics
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mitochondria, Heart/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Heart/enzymology
- Mitochondria, Muscle/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Muscle/enzymology
- Models, Biological
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/enzymology
- Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/enzymology
- Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology
- Myocardium/enzymology
- Oxygen Consumption
- Tissue Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- V I Veksler
- Laboratoire de Cardiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, CJF INSERM 92-11, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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17
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Cuenda A, Henao F, Nogues M, Gutiérrez-Merino C. Quantification and removal of glycogen phosphorylase and other enzymes associated with sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane preparations. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1994; 1194:35-43. [PMID: 8075139 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(94)90200-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The enzymatic characterization of sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane fragments from rabbit skeletal muscle presented in this paper shows that glycogen phosphorylase, as well as other enzymes (e.g., creatine kinase, myokinase, phosphorylase kinase, glycosidase, AMP-deaminase, phosphoglucomutase) are associated with these membrane preparations. Amongst these enzymes, the highest activity associated with sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes is that of glycogen phosphorylase, which is mostly (at least 95%) in its b form (dephosphorylated form), since its activity in sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes is largely dependent upon AMP. A protocol is presented to quantify the amount of phosphorylase bound to sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes from fluorimetric measurements of the content of its coenzyme, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. The content of phosphorylase ranged from 0.03 to 0.37 mg phosphorylase per mg of membrane protein, in sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane preparations made following several of the protocols most commonly used and also depending upon the length of the starvation period of the animal before killing. We also show that dilution of sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes to 0.1-0.2 mg protein per ml in a buffer containing 50 mM Tes-KOH (pH 7.4), 0.1 M KCl and 0.25 M sucrose removes at least 95% of glycogen phosphorylase from these membrane fragments, as well as other enzymes like myokinase and glycosidase. On these grounds, we suggest to introduce a final dilution step as indicated above in protocols of sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cuenda
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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18
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Saks VA, Khuchua ZA, Vasilyeva EV, Kuznetsov AV. Metabolic compartmentation and substrate channelling in muscle cells. Role of coupled creatine kinases in in vivo regulation of cellular respiration--a synthesis. Mol Cell Biochem 1994; 133-134:155-92. [PMID: 7808453 DOI: 10.1007/bf01267954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The published experimental data and existing concepts of cellular regulation of respiration are analyzed. Conventional, simplified considerations of regulatory mechanism by cytoplasmic ADP according to Michaelis-Menten kinetics or by derived parameters such as phosphate potential etc. do not explain relationships between oxygen consumption, workload and metabolic state of the cell. On the other hand, there are abundant data in literature showing microheterogeneity of cytoplasmic space in muscle cells, in particular with respect to ATP (and ADP) due to the structural organization of cell interior, existence of multienzyme complexes and structured water phase. Also very recent experimental data show that the intracellular diffusion of ADP is retarded in cardiomyocytes because of very low permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane for adenine nucleotides in vivo. Most probably, permeability of the outer mitochondrial membrane porin channels is controlled in the cells in vivo by some intracellular factors which may be connected to cytoskeleton and lost during mitochondrial isolation. All these numerous data show convincingly that cellular metabolism cannot be understood if cell interior is considered as homogenous solution, and it is necessary to use the theories of organized metabolic systems and substrate-product channelling in multienzyme systems to understand metabolic regulation of respiration. One of these systems is the creatine kinase system, which channels high energy phosphates from mitochondria to sites of energy utilization. It is proposed that in muscle cells feed-back signal between contraction and mitochondrial respiration may be conducted by metabolic wave (propagation of oscillations of local concentration of ADP and creatine) through cytoplasmic equilibrium creatine and adenylate kinases and is amplified by coupled creatine kinase reaction in mitochondria. Mitochondrial creatine kinase has experimentally been shown to be a powerful amplifier of regulatory action of weak ADP fluxes due to its coupling to adenine nucleotide translocase. This phenomenon is also carefully analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Saks
- Group of Bioenergetics, Cardiology Research Center, Moscow, Russia
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19
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Korge P, Byrd SK, Campbell KB. Functional coupling between sarcoplasmic-reticulum-bound creatine kinase and Ca(2+)-ATPase. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1993; 213:973-80. [PMID: 8504836 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17842.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the role of creatine kinase bound to sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes of fast skeletal muscle in the local regeneration of ATP and the possible physiological significance of this regeneration for calcium pump function. Our results indicate that ADP produced by sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase is effectively phosphorylated by creatine kinase in the presence of creatine phosphate. This phosphorylation is an important function of the membrane-bound creatine kinase because accumulation of ADP has a depressive effect on Ca(2+)-uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. The concentration-dependent depression of Ca(2+)-uptake by ADP was especially pronounced when there was strong back inhibition by high intravesicular [Ca2+]. ATP regenerated by endogenous creatine kinase was not in free equilibrium with the ATP in the surrounding medium, but was used preferentially by Ca(2+)-ATPase for Ca(2+)-uptake. Efficient translocation of ATP from creatine kinase to Ca(2+)-ATPase, despite the presence of an ATP trap in the surrounding medium, can be explained by close localization of creatine kinase and Ca(2+)-ATPase on the sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes. These results suggest the existence of functional coupling between creatine kinase and Ca(2+)-ATPase on skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes. Several factors (amount of membrane-bound creatine kinase, oxidation of SH groups of creatine kinase, decrease in [phosphocreatine]) can influence the ability of creatine kinase/phosphocreatine system to support a low ADP/ATP ratio and fuel the Ca(2+)-pump with ATP. These factors may become operative in the living cells, influencing functional coupling between creatine kinase and Ca(2+)-ATPase and may have an indirect effect on Ca(2+)-pump function before Ca(2+)-ATPase itself is affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Korge
- Dept. VCAPP, Washington State University, Pullman 99164
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20
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Wegmann G, Zanolla E, Eppenberger HM, Wallimann T. In situ compartmentation of creatine kinase in intact sarcomeric muscle: the acto-myosin overlap zone as a molecular sieve. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 1992; 13:420-35. [PMID: 1401038 DOI: 10.1007/bf01738037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK = ATP: creatine N-phosphoryl transferase, EC 2.7.3.2) were localized in situ in cryosections of intact sarcomeric muscle by immunocytochemical staining. Similar to cardiac muscle, spermatozoa and photoreceptor cells, mitochondrial-type CK (Mi-CK) localization in skeletal muscle was also restricted to mitochondria. Besides the well-documented localization of muscle-type (M-CK) at the M-line and at the sarcoplasmic reticulum, surprisingly, most of the sarcoplasmic M-CK was also highly compartmentalized and was mainly confined to the I-band. The localization of M-CK at the I-band coincided with that of adenylate kinase and aldolase. In intact muscle, the diffusion equilibrium decisively favours occupancy by all three enzymes of the I-band, with the acto-myosin overlap region of the A-band acting as a molecular sieve, excluding to a large extent all three enzymes from the acto-myosin overlap region. This indicates that in intact muscle, this region of the A-band may be less accessible in vivo to soluble, sarcoplasmic enzymes than thought before. If muscle were permeabilized by chemical skinning before fixation, I-band CK, as well as aldolase and adenylate kinase, were solubilized and disappeared from the myofibrils, but the fraction of M-CK which was specifically associated with the M-line remained bound to the myofibrils. Implications of these findings are discussed with respect to the functional coupling of I-band-CK with glycolysis, to the formation of large multienzyme complexes of glycolytic enzymes with CK and to the supply of energy for muscle contraction in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wegmann
- Institute for Cell Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich
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21
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Friedman D, Roberts R. Purification and localization of brain-type creatine kinase in sodium chloride transporting epithelia of the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)50655-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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22
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Wallimann T, Wyss M, Brdiczka D, Nicolay K, Eppenberger HM. Intracellular compartmentation, structure and function of creatine kinase isoenzymes in tissues with high and fluctuating energy demands: the 'phosphocreatine circuit' for cellular energy homeostasis. Biochem J 1992; 281 ( Pt 1):21-40. [PMID: 1731757 PMCID: PMC1130636 DOI: 10.1042/bj2810021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1428] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Wallimann
- Institute for Cell Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich
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23
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Friedman D, Perryman M. Compartmentation of multiple forms of creatine kinase in the distal nephron of the rat kidney. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)54587-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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24
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Abstract
Fibrocytes in the lateral wall and limbus of the gerbil cochlea evidenced a capacity for ion transport activity by immunostaining for transport mediating enzymes including Na,K-ATPase, carbonic anhydrase (CA) and creatine kinase (CK). Fibrocytes of the spiral ligament unlike those in the suprastrial region and limbus decreased in abundance from base to apex. Spiral ligament fibrocytes at a given position along the cochlea varied in content of transport related enzymes, and on the basis of immunostaining, location and orientation, were classified into four types. Type I fibrocytes under the stria vascularis stained for CA isozymes II and III and CK isozyme BB. Type II fibrocytes under the outer sulcus and spiral prominence epithelium were found to contain only Na,K-ATPase. Type III fibrocytes lying adjacent to bone in the inferior region of the spiral ligament contained CA II and III and CK isozymes BB and MM. Type IV fibrocytes located more superficially in the inferior part of the spiral ligament stained variably for all the enzymes. Superficial fibrocytes in the suprastrial area disclosed Na,K-ATPase whereas the underlying fibrocytes stained for CA and CK. Limbal fibrocytes reacted with antisera to all the enzymes except CA III. Most fibrocytes in stromal plates beneath the vestibular system's neurosensory epithelium contained Na,K-ATPase and CA II but not CA III. These findings point to cooperativity in fluid and ion transport between epithelial cells and neighboring fibrocytes and demonstrate functional diversity of fibrocytes of the inner ear providing a basis for classifying those in the spiral ligament.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Spicer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425
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25
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26
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Rossi AM, Eppenberger HM, Volpe P, Cotrufo R, Wallimann T. Muscle-type MM creatine kinase is specifically bound to sarcoplasmic reticulum and can support Ca2+ uptake and regulate local ATP/ADP ratios. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)34115-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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27
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Friedman DL, Hejtmancik JF, Hope JN, Perryman MB. Developmental expression of creatine kinase isozymes in mammalian lens. Exp Eye Res 1989; 49:445-57. [PMID: 2792236 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4835(89)90053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Four different isoforms are thought to comprise the creatine kinase of enzymes which regulate energy metabolism through the interconversion of ADP and creatine phosphate. In addition to these well characterized isoforms, MM, MB, BB and mitochondrial creatine kinase, several uncharacterized variants with atypical electrophoretic mobility have been described. In mammalian lens, creatine kinase isoforms exhibit both a regional and developmental pattern of expression. In neonatal rat and human lens, the only isoform expressed is a variant cathodic creatine kinase. Near the time of sexual maturation (11-13 yr) there is a dramatic increase in the expression of BB creatine kinase in human lens. In rat lens, a similar pattern of isoenzyme expression is also seen near the time of sexual maturation (5-6 weeks). In the mature rat lens, in addition to the cathodic variant, there is expression of BB and, to a lesser extent, MM creatine kinase. Using a polyclonal antisera, we have localized BB creatine kinase to the cuboidal epithelial cells of the adult rat lens. This unique pattern of isoenzyme expression and developmental regulation suggests a more complex scheme for the regulation of creatine kinase gene expression than previously postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Friedman
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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28
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Savabi F, Carpenter CL, Mohan C, Bessman SP. The polysome as a terminal for the creatine phosphate energy shuttle. BIOCHEMICAL MEDICINE AND METABOLIC BIOLOGY 1988; 40:291-8. [PMID: 2852949 DOI: 10.1016/0885-4505(88)90131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The role of the creatine phosphate shuttle in the energetics of muscle protein synthesis in isolated polysomes, from rat hindlimb muscle, was studied. Triton X-100-treated polysomes, following their centrifugation through a 1 M sucrose gradient, contained 38 mU/mg RNA of bound creatine kinase. In the presence of pH 5 enzyme (obtained from rat liver), 0.5 mM ATP, and 1 microM GTP, amino acid (leucine) incorporation by polysomes in the presence of 8 mM creatine phosphate was twice that in the presence of an exogenous ATP regenerating system of 10 mM phospho(enol)pyruvate and 10 U/ml pyruvate kinase. Since added creatine kinase had no effect on incorporation supported by creatine phosphate it is clear that endogenous creatine kinase allows sufficient regeneration of ATP. These data also suggest that nucleoside diphosphokinase must have been associated with the polysome for phosphate was transferred to GTP from [33P]creatine phosphate, and the specific activities of ATP and GTP increased at equal rates, reaching the specific activity of creatine phosphate at 8 min. We conclude that skeletal muscle polysomes have bound creatine kinase activity and they act as terminals for the creatine phosphate energy shuttle. Creatine phosphate regenerates GTP, probably through an intermediate reaction catalyzed by nucleoside diphosphokinase. This provided an added support for the hypothesis of compartmentation of enzymes and substrates and that the transport form of energy between the mitochondria and energy utilizing sites in muscle is creatine phosphate rather than ATP, which extends the general role of the creatine phosphate energy shuttle.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Savabi
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutrition, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033
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29
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Frederiks WM, Marx F, Van Noorden CJ. Histochemical demonstration of creatine kinase activity using polyvinyl alcohol and auxiliary enzymes. THE HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 1987; 19:529-32. [PMID: 3440753 DOI: 10.1007/bf01687359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Creatine kinase activity (EC 2.7.3.2.) has been demonstrated in myocardium and skeletal muscle from rats by a method based on the incubation of cryostat sections with a polyvinyl alcohol-containing medium and the use of auxiliary enzymes. Hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were spread on object glasses before mounting the sections to be incubated. In this way, the auxiliary enzymes were interposed between glass slide and section thus preventing loss of formazan generated within the sections. Creatine kinase activity was found to be localized in finely dispersed form along the myofibrils and as large granules in the sarcoplasm of myocardium and skeletal muscle. The formazan produced specifically by creatine kinase (test minus control), as measured cytophotometrically at 585 nm, was completely inhibited by 2 mM 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene, a specific inhibitor of creatine kinase activity. The control reaction was unaffected by the inhibitor. The results obtained with the present method are similar to results obtained with the far more complicated semipermeable membrane technique. The introduction of auxiliary enzymes in the polyvinyl alcohol method enables the development of histochemical methods for many enzymes by linking the reactions to a dehydrogenase reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Frederiks
- Laboratory of Histology and Cell Biology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Kaye FJ, McBride OW, Battey JF, Gazdar AF, Sausville EA. Human creatine kinase-B complementary DNA. Nucleotide sequence, gene expression in lung cancer, and chromosomal assignment to two distinct loci. J Clin Invest 1987; 79:1412-20. [PMID: 2883200 PMCID: PMC424410 DOI: 10.1172/jci112969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cDNA library, we obtained clones for the creatine kinase-B (CK-B) gene and determined the nucleotide sequence for the protein coding and 3' untranslated region (3' UT). The human translated protein spans 381 residues and the amino acid homology with rabbit CK-B is greater than 98%. We have demonstrated that a nucleic acid probe encompassing the protein coding region will also hybridize to CK-M sequences while a probe derived from the 3' UT region is CK-B specific. When a B-isoenzyme specific sequence is hybridized to Eco RI cut genomic DNA, two independent restriction fragment polymorphisms are detected. We have subsequently localized these two CK-B homologous sequences to chromosomes 14q32 and 16. Finally, we show that increased levels of CK-B seen in SCLC are not accompanied by gene amplification or rearrangement, but reflect a greatly enhanced level of CK-B specific mRNA that is not seen in non-SCLC lines thus far examined.
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31
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Bessman SP. The physiological significance of the creatine phosphate shuttle. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1986; 194:1-11. [PMID: 3529851 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5107-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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32
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Philipson KD, Nishimoto AY. ATP produced by myocardial sarcolemmal-bound creatine kinase is not preferentially used by the Na+ pump. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1984; 124:696-702. [PMID: 6508778 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(84)91014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
It has been proposed (Grosse et al. (1980) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 603, 142-156) that membrane-bound creatine kinase and the ATP-dependent Na+ pump form a functional complex in cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles. In this model ADP produced at Na+ pump sites would be rephosphorylated by the creatine kinase for preferential delivery back to the Na+ pump. We have reexamined this hypothesis and find that under some conditions active Na+ transport can be stimulated by ATP produced by sarcolemmal creatine kinase. However, the characteristics of this stimulation are no different than stimulation produced by an added soluble ATP-regenerating system (phosphoenolpyruvate/pyruvate kinase). Thus, we are unable to detect coupling between the Na+ pump and sarcolemmal creatine kinase.
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33
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Jacobus WE, Moreadith RW, Vandegaer KM. Control of heart oxidative phosphorylation by creatine kinase in mitochondrial membranes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1983; 414:73-89. [PMID: 6584077 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1983.tb31676.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Three important points must be emphasized in summary. First is the idea that a cellular microcompartment need not be limited by a semi-permeable membrane. We recognize microcompartments in multi-enzyme complexes where substrates are covalently transported from subunit to subunit. An example of this is the lipoic acid moiety of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. However, to act as a kinetic microcompartment, covalent transfer is not an obligatory requirement. Proximity effects may be sufficient for substantial rate enhancement. Our data clearly show that the kinetics of ADP translocation are influenced by the site of ADP formation. We contend that this represents a newly recognized and important form of cellular microcompartmentation. The second point is that we do not want our results misinterpreted as an overextension of the known data concerning tissue respiration. We believe that the primary parameter controlling heart mitochondrial oxygen consumption is the availability of ADP at the adenine nucleotide translocase. Our data show, however, that this is not a simple process. Secondary control is exerted by the localization of ADP formation, i.e. microcompartmentation. As a result of the kinetic data (Table 3), we conclude that the forward rate of mitochondrial creatine kinase is the preferential reaction controlling ADP delivery to the translocase. We are left, nonetheless, with questions concerning the secondary regulation of this enzyme in vivo by substrate (ATP and creatine) and inhibition by product (phosphocreatine). The nature of this control awaits further experimental data. Finally, the results are consistent with the creatine kinase energy transport hypothesis. Overall, the rate of tissue oxygen consumption reflects the metabolic activity of the organ, determined by the rate of ATP utilization (see right side of Figure 1). This results in the cytoplasmic production of ADP. In heart, this is coupled via the bound cytoplasmic isozymes of creatine kinase to the local rephosphorylation of ADP to ATP and the simultaneous production of creatine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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34
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Saks VA, Kupriyanov VV. Intracellular energy transport and control of cardiac contraction. ADVANCES IN MYOCARDIOLOGY 1982; 3:475-497. [PMID: 6221378 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-5561-6_46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The participation of the intracellular creatine kinase system in energy transport in cardiac cells was studied further. The functional behavior of different but kinetically indistinguishable isoenzymes of creatine kinase (CK) in muscle cells is determined by their intracellular localization as is shown in this report for mitochondrial and sarcolemmal creatine kinases. The kinetics of the forward mitochondrial creatine kinase reaction is influenced by oxidative phosphorylation which increases the apparent affinity for ATP but does not change the kinetics of the reverse creatine kinase reaction. The molar content of creatine kinase in heart mitochondria was determined and found to be close to the content of adenine nucleotide translocase, thus supporting the concept of the tight functional relationship between those two mitochondrial proteins as a basis for effective phosphocreatine (PCr) production in mitochondria. In the sarcolemmal preparation, the antiport of Na+ and K+ is much more effectively supported by the sarcolemmal creatine kinase reaction than by an externally added ATP-regenerating system consisting of phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate kinase. The results of these experiments are taken to show the ability of sarcolemmal creatine kinase to maintain a very high phosphorylation potential in the vicinity of the active centers of the Na+ -K+ ATPase necessary to support the active transport of Na+ and K+ across the plasma membrane and to avoid a reversal of the ion gradient. Finally, it is concluded in this chapter that a rapid decrease in PCr content in the cells under anoxic or ischemic conditions may be one of the important factors in the impairment of cardiac contractile function under those conditions.
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35
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Moreadith R, Jacobus W. Creatine kinase of heart mitochondria. Functional coupling of ADP transfer to the adenine nucleotide translocase. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)68284-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Langer GA, Frank JS, Philipson KD. Ultrastructure and calcium exchange of the sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of the myocardium. Pharmacol Ther 1982; 16:331-76. [PMID: 6291075 DOI: 10.1016/0163-7258(82)90006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Grosse R, Spitzer E, Kupriyanov VV, Saks VA, Repke KR. Coordinate interplay between (Na+ + K+)-ATPase and creatine phosphokinase optimizes (Na+/K+)-antiport across the membrane of vesicles formed from the plasma membrane of cardiac muscle cell. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1980; 603:142-56. [PMID: 6255995 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(80)90397-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Kupriyanov VV, Seppet EK, Emelin IV, Saks VA. Phosphocretine production coupled to the glycolytic reactions in the cytosol of cardiac cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1980; 592:197-210. [PMID: 7407089 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(80)90181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Phosphocreatine production ctalyzed by a cytosolic fraction from cardiac muscle containing all glycolytic enzymes and creatine kinase in a soluble form has been studied in the presence of creatine, adenine nucleotides and different glycolytic intermedites as substrates. Glycolytic depletion of glucose, fructose 1,6bis(phosphate) and phosphoenolpyruvate to lactte was coupled to efficient phosphocreatine production. The molar ratio of phosphocreatine to lactate produced was close to 2.0 when fructose 1,6bis(phosphate) was used as substrate and 1.0 with phosphoenolpyruvate. In these processes the creatine kinase reaction was not the rate-limiting step: themass action ratio of the creatine kinase reaction was very close to its equilibrium value and the maximal rate of the forward creatine kinase reaction exceeded that of glycolytic flux by about 6-fold when fructose 1,6-bis(phosphate) was used as a substrate. Therefore, the creatine kinase raction was continuously in the state of quasi-equilibrium and the efficient syntheses of phosphocreatine observed is a result of constant removal of ADP by the glycolytic system at an almost unchanged level of ATP ([ATP]>>[ADP]), this leading to a continuous shift of the creatine kinase equilibrium position. When phosphocreatine was added initially at concentrations of 5---15 mM the rate of the coupled creatine kinase and glycolytic reactions was very significantly inhibited due to a sharp decrease in the steady-state concentration of ADP. Therefore, under conditions of effective phosphocreatine production in heart mitochondria, which maintain a high phosphocreatine: creatine ratio in the myoplasm in vivo, the glycolytic flux may be suppressed due to limited availability of ADP restricted by the creatine kinase system. The possible physiological role of the control of the glycolytic flux by the creatine kinase system is discussed.
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