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Kopeček J. Hydrophilic biomaterials: From crosslinked and self-assembled hydrogels to polymer-drug conjugates and drug-free macromolecular therapeutics. J Control Release 2024; 373:1-22. [PMID: 38734315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
This "Magnum Opus" accentuates my lifelong belief that the future of science is in the interdisciplinary approach to hypotheses formulation and problem solving. Inspired by the invention of hydrogels and soft contact lenses by my mentors, my six decades of research have continuously proceeded from the synthesis of biocompatible hydrogels to the development of polymer-drug conjugates, then generation of drug-free macromolecular therapeutics (DFMT) and finally to multi-antigen T cell hybridizers (MATCH). This interdisciplinary journey was inspiring; the lifetime feeling that one is a beginner in some aspects of the research is a driving force that keeps the enthusiasm high. Also, I wanted to illustrate that systematic research in one wide area can be a life-time effort without the need to jump to areas that are temporarily en-vogue. In addition to generating general scientific knowledge, hydrogels from my laboratory have been transferred to the clinic, polymer-drug conjugates to clinical trials, and drug-free macromolecular systems have an excellent potential for personalizing patient therapies. There is a limit to life but no limit to imagination. I anticipate that systematic basic research will contribute to the expansion of our knowledge and create a foundation for the design of new paradigms based on the comprehension of mechanisms of physiological processes. The emerging novel platform technologies in biomaterial-based devices and implants as well as in personalized nanomedicines will ultimately impact clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindřich Kopeček
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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2
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Oishi T, Koizumi S, Kurozumi K. Mesenchymal stem cells as therapeutic vehicles for glioma. Cancer Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41417-024-00775-7. [PMID: 38654128 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00775-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Glioma is a disease with a poor prognosis despite the availability of multimodality treatments, and the development of novel therapies is urgently needed. Challenges in glioma treatment include the difficulty for drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier when administered systemically and poor drug diffusion when administered locally. Mesenchymal stem cells exhibit advantages for glioma therapy because of their ability to pass through the blood-brain barrier and migrate to tumor cells and their tolerance to the immune system. Therefore, mesenchymal stem cells have been explored as vehicles for various therapeutic agents for glioma treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells loaded with chemotherapeutic drugs show improved penetration and tumor accumulation. For gene therapy, mesenchymal stem cells can be used as vehicles for suicide genes, the so-called gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy. Mesenchymal stem cell-based oncolytic viral therapies have been attempted in recent years to enhance the efficacy of infection against the tumor, viral replication, and distribution of viral particles. Many uncertainties remain regarding the function and behavior of mesenchymal stem cells in gliomas. However, strategies to increase mesenchymal stem cell migration to gliomas may improve the delivery of therapeutic agents and enhance their anti-tumor effects, representing promising potential for patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Oishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Koizumi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kurozumi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
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3
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Edwards IA, De Carlo F, Sitta J, Varner W, Howard CM, Claudio PP. Enhancing Targeted Therapy in Breast Cancer by Ultrasound-Responsive Nanocarriers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065474. [PMID: 36982548 PMCID: PMC10053544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the response to cancer treatments is highly variable, and severe side effects and toxicity are experienced by patients receiving high doses of chemotherapy, such as those diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer. The main goal of researchers and clinicians is to develop new effective treatments that will be able to specifically target and kill tumor cells by employing the minimum doses of drugs exerting a therapeutic effect. Despite the development of new formulations that overall can increase the drugs’ pharmacokinetics, and that are specifically designed to bind overexpressed molecules on cancer cells and achieve active targeting of the tumor, the desired clinical outcome has not been reached yet. In this review, we will discuss the current classification and standard of care for breast cancer, the application of nanomedicine, and ultrasound-responsive biocompatible carriers (micro/nanobubbles, liposomes, micelles, polymeric nanoparticles, and nanodroplets/nanoemulsions) employed in preclinical studies to target and enhance the delivery of drugs and genes to breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaiah A. Edwards
- Department of Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Flavia De Carlo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Juliana Sitta
- Department of Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - William Varner
- Department of Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Candace M. Howard
- Department of Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Claudio
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
- Correspondence:
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4
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Peña Q, Rodríguez-Calado S, Simaan AJ, Capdevila M, Bayón P, Palacios O, Lorenzo J, Iranzo O. Cell-penetrating peptide-conjugated copper complexes for redox-mediated anticancer therapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1060827. [PMID: 36467097 PMCID: PMC9714576 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1060827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-based chemotherapeutics like cisplatin are widely employed in cancer treatment. In the last years, the design of redox-active (transition) metal complexes, such as of copper (Cu), has attracted high interest as alternatives to overcome platinum-induced side-effects. However, several challenges are still faced, including optimal aqueous solubility and efficient intracellular delivery, and strategies like the use of cell-penetrating peptides have been encouraging. In this context, we previously designed a Cu(II) scaffold that exhibited significant reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cytotoxicity. Herein, we build upon the promising Cu(II) redox-active metallic core and aim to potentiate its anticancer activity by rationally tailoring it with solubility- and uptake-enhancing functionalizations that do not alter the ROS-generating Cu(II) center. To this end, sulfonate, arginine and arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) derivatives have been prepared and characterized, and all the resulting complexes preserved the parent Cu(II) coordination core, thereby maintaining its reported redox capabilities. Comparative in vitro assays in several cancer cell lines reveal that while specific solubility-targeting derivatizations (i.e., sulfonate or arginine) did not translate into an improved cytotoxicity, increased intracellular copper delivery via CPP-conjugation promoted an enhanced anticancer activity, already detectable at short treatment times. Additionally, immunofluorescence assays show that the Cu(II) peptide-conjugate distributed throughout the cytosol without lysosomal colocalization, suggesting potential avoidance of endosomal entrapment. Overall, the systematic exploration of the tailored modifications enables us to provide further understanding on structure-activity relationships of redox-active metal-based (Cu(II)) cytotoxic complexes, which contributes to rationalize and improve the design of more efficient redox-mediated metal-based anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quim Peña
- Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, ISm2, Marseille, France
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sergi Rodríguez-Calado
- Department Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. Jalila Simaan
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, ISm2, Marseille, France
| | - Mercè Capdevila
- Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Bayón
- Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Palacios
- Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Lorenzo
- Department Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Iranzo
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, ISm2, Marseille, France
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5
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Fernández Y, Movellan J, Foradada L, Giménez V, García‐Aranda N, Mancilla S, Armiñán A, Borgos SE, Hyldbakk A, Bogdanska A, Gobbo OL, Prina‐Mello A, Ponti J, Calzolai L, Zagorodko O, Gallon E, Niño‐Pariente A, Paul A, Schwartz Jr S, Abasolo I, Vicent MJ. In Vivo Antitumor and Antimetastatic Efficacy of a Polyacetal-Based Paclitaxel Conjugate for Prostate Cancer Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101544. [PMID: 34706167 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa), one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths, currently lacks effective treatment for advanced-stage disease. Paclitaxel (PTX) is a highly active chemotherapeutic drug and the first-line treatment for PCa; however, conventional PTX formulation causes severe hypersensitivity reactions and limits PTX use at high concentrations. In the pursuit of high molecular weight, biodegradable, and pH-responsive polymeric carriers, one conjugates PTX to a polyacetal-based nanocarrier to yield a tert-Ser-PTX polyacetal conjugate. tert-Ser-PTX conjugate provides sustained release of PTX over 2 weeks in a pH-responsive manner while also obtaining a degree of epimerization of PTX to 7-epi-PTX. Serum proteins stabilize tert-Ser-PTX, with enhanced stability in human serum versus PBS (pH 7.4). In vitro efficacy assessments in PCa cells demonstrate IC50 values above those for the free form of PTX due to the differential cell trafficking modes; however, in vivo tolerability assays demonstrate that tert-Ser-PTX significantly reduces the systemic toxicities associated with free PTX treatment. tert-Ser-PTX also effectively inhibits primary tumor growth and hematologic, lymphatic, and coelomic dissemination, as confirmed by in vivo and ex vivo bioluminescence imaging and histopathological evaluations in mice carrying orthotopic LNCaP tumors. Overall, the results suggest the application of tert-Ser-PTX as a robust antitumor/antimetastatic treatment for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Fernández
- Functional Validation & Preclinical Research (FVPR) CIBBIM‐Nanomedicine Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Barcelona 08035 Spain
- Drug Delivery & Targeting Group CIBBIM‐Nanomedicine Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Barcelona 08035 Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN) Barcelona 08035 Spain
| | - Julie Movellan
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory. Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe. Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
| | - Laia Foradada
- Functional Validation & Preclinical Research (FVPR) CIBBIM‐Nanomedicine Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Barcelona 08035 Spain
- Drug Delivery & Targeting Group CIBBIM‐Nanomedicine Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Barcelona 08035 Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN) Barcelona 08035 Spain
| | - Vanessa Giménez
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory. Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe. Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
| | - Natalia García‐Aranda
- Functional Validation & Preclinical Research (FVPR) CIBBIM‐Nanomedicine Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Barcelona 08035 Spain
- Drug Delivery & Targeting Group CIBBIM‐Nanomedicine Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Barcelona 08035 Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN) Barcelona 08035 Spain
| | - Sandra Mancilla
- Functional Validation & Preclinical Research (FVPR) CIBBIM‐Nanomedicine Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Barcelona 08035 Spain
- Drug Delivery & Targeting Group CIBBIM‐Nanomedicine Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Barcelona 08035 Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN) Barcelona 08035 Spain
| | - Ana Armiñán
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory. Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe. Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
| | - Sven Even Borgos
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine SINTEF Industry Trondheim NO‐7465 Norway
| | - Astrid Hyldbakk
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine SINTEF Industry Trondheim NO‐7465 Norway
| | - Anna Bogdanska
- Laboratory for Biological Characterization of Advanced Materials (LBCAM) Trinity Translational Medicine Institute Trinity College Dublin Dublin D08 W9RT Ireland
- Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin the University of Dublin Dublin D08 W9RT Ireland
| | - Oliviero L. Gobbo
- Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin the University of Dublin Dublin D08 W9RT Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Trinity College Dublin Dublin D02 R590 Ireland
| | - Adriele Prina‐Mello
- Laboratory for Biological Characterization of Advanced Materials (LBCAM) Trinity Translational Medicine Institute Trinity College Dublin Dublin D08 W9RT Ireland
- Trinity St James's Cancer Institute Trinity College Dublin the University of Dublin Dublin D08 W9RT Ireland
| | - Jessica Ponti
- European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) via Fermi 2749 Ispra 21027 Italy
| | - Luigi Calzolai
- European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) via Fermi 2749 Ispra 21027 Italy
| | - Oleksandr Zagorodko
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory. Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe. Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
| | - Elena Gallon
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory. Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe. Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
| | - Amaya Niño‐Pariente
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory. Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe. Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
| | - Alison Paul
- School of Chemistry Cardiff University Main Building, Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Simó Schwartz Jr
- Drug Delivery & Targeting Group CIBBIM‐Nanomedicine Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Barcelona 08035 Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN) Barcelona 08035 Spain
| | - Ibane Abasolo
- Functional Validation & Preclinical Research (FVPR) CIBBIM‐Nanomedicine Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Barcelona 08035 Spain
- Drug Delivery & Targeting Group CIBBIM‐Nanomedicine Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Barcelona 08035 Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN) Barcelona 08035 Spain
| | - María J. Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory. Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe. Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
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Chowdhury S, Ghosh S. Nanoparticles and Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-1638-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Yang CC, Wang CX, Kuan CY, Chi CY, Chen CY, Lin YY, Chen GS, Hou CH, Lin FH. Using C-doped TiO 2 Nanoparticles as a Novel Sonosensitizer for Cancer Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E880. [PMID: 32957611 PMCID: PMC7554704 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy is an effective treatment for eliminating tumor cells by irradiating sonosentitizer in a patient's body with higher penetration ultrasound and inducing the free radicals. Titanium dioxide has attracted the most attention due to its properties among many nanosensitizers. Hence, in this study, carbon doped titanium dioxide, one of inorganic materials, is applied to avoid the foregoing, and furthermore, carbon doped titanium dioxide is used to generate ROS under ultrasound irradiation to eliminate tumor cells. Spherical carbon doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles are synthesized by the sol-gel process. The forming of C-Ti-O bond may also induce defects in lattice which would be beneficial for the phenomenon of sonoluminescence to improve the effectiveness of sonodynamic therapy. By dint of DCFDA, WST-1, LDH and the Live/Dead test, carbon doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles are shown to be a biocompatible material which may induce ROS radicals to suppress the proliferation of 4T1 breast cancer cells under ultrasound treatment. From in vivo study, carbon doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles activated by ultrasound may inhibit the growth of the 4T1 tumor, and it showed a significant difference between sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and the other groups on the seventh day of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chen Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (C.-C.Y.); (C.-X.W.)
| | - Chong-Xuan Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (C.-C.Y.); (C.-X.W.)
| | - Che-Yung Kuan
- PhD Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (C.-Y.K.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-Y.L.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (G.-S.C.)
| | - Chih-Ying Chi
- PhD Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (C.-Y.K.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-Y.L.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (G.-S.C.)
| | - Ching-Yun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (G.-S.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ying Lin
- PhD Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (C.-Y.K.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-Y.L.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (G.-S.C.)
| | - Gin-Shin Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (G.-S.C.)
| | - Chun-Han Hou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (G.-S.C.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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On KC, Rho J, Yoon HY, Chang H, Yhee JY, Yoon JS, Jeong SY, Kim HK, Kim K. Tumor-Targeting Glycol Chitosan Nanoparticles for Image-Guided Surgery of Rabbit Orthotopic VX2 Lung Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E621. [PMID: 32635231 PMCID: PMC7407595 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Theranostic nanoparticles can deliver therapeutic agents as well as diverse imaging agents to tumors. The enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect is regarded as a crucial mechanism for the tumor-targeted delivery of nanoparticles. Although a large number of studies of the EPR effect of theranostic nanoparticles have been performed, the effect of the change in the body size of the host on the EPR effect is not fully understood. In this regard, comparative research is needed on the behavior of nanoparticles in large animals for developing the nanoparticles to the clinical stage. In this study, we prepared fluorophore (indocyanine green (ICG) or cyanine 5.5 (Cy5.5))-conjugated glycol chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) for comparing the tumor-targeting efficacy in VX2 tumor-bearing mouse and rabbit models. As expected, the CNPs formed nano-sized spherical nanoparticles and were stable for 8 days under aqueous conditions. The CNPs also exhibited dose-dependent cellular uptake into VX2 tumor cells without cytotoxicity. The half-life of the near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) signals in the blood were 3.25 h and 4.73 h when the CNPs were injected into mice and rabbits, respectively. Importantly, the CNPs showed excellent tumor accumulation and prolonged biodistribution profiles in both the VX2 tumor-bearing mouse and rabbit models, wherein the tumor accumulation was maximized at 48 h and 72 h, respectively. Based on the excellent tumor accumulation of the CNPs, finally, the CNPs were used in the image-guided surgery of the rabbit orthotopic VX2 lung tumor model. The lung tumor tissue was successfully removed based on the NIRF signal from the CNPs in the tumor tissue. This study shows that CNPs can be potentially used for tumor theragnosis in small animals and large animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Cheol On
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (K.C.O.); (J.S.Y.); (S.Y.J.)
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
| | - Jiyun Rho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Korea
| | - Hong Yeol Yoon
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
| | - Hyeyoun Chang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | | | - Jun Sik Yoon
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (K.C.O.); (J.S.Y.); (S.Y.J.)
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
| | - Seo Young Jeong
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (K.C.O.); (J.S.Y.); (S.Y.J.)
| | - Hyun Koo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Korea
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
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9
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Jia Y, Wang C, Zheng J, Lin G, Ni D, Shen Z, Huang B, Li Y, Guan J, Hong W, Chen Y, Wu R. Novel nanomedicine with a chemical-exchange saturation transfer effect for breast cancer treatment in vivo. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:123. [PMID: 31847857 PMCID: PMC6918642 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0557-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanomedicine is a promising new approach to cancer treatment that avoids the disadvantages of traditional chemotherapy and improves therapeutic indices. However, the lack of a real-time visualization imaging technology to monitor drug distribution greatly limits its clinical application. Image-tracked drug delivery is of great clinical interest; it is useful for identifying those patients for whom the therapy is more likely to be beneficial. This paper discusses a novel nanomedicine that displays features of nanoparticles and facilitates functional magnetic resonance imaging but is challenging to prepare. RESULTS To achieve this goal, we synthesized an acylamino-containing amphiphilic block copolymer (polyethylene glycol-polyacrylamide-polyacetonitrile, PEG-b-P(AM-co-AN)) by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The PEG-b-P(AM-co-AN) has chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) effects, which enable the use of CEST imaging for monitoring nanocarrier accumulation and providing molecular information of pathological tissues. Based on PEG-b-P(AM-co-AN), a new nanomedicine PEG-PAM-PAN@DOX was constructed by nano-precipitation. The self-assembling nature of PEG-PAM-PAN@DOX made the synthesis effective, straightforward, and biocompatible. In vitro studies demonstrate decreased cytotoxicity of PEG-PAM-PAN@DOX compared to free doxorubicin (half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), mean ~ 0.62 μg/mL vs. ~ 5 μg/mL), and the nanomedicine more efficiently entered the cytoplasm and nucleus of cancer cells to kill them. Further, in vivo animal experiments showed that the nanomedicine developed was not only effective against breast cancer, but also displayed an excellent sensitive CEST effect for monitoring drug accumulation (at about 0.5 ppm) in tumor areas. The CEST signal of post-injection 2 h was significantly higher than that of pre-injection (2.17 ± 0.88% vs. 0. 09 ± 0.75%, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The nanomedicine with CEST imaging reflects the characterization of tumors and therapeutic functions has great potential medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Jia
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaochao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiehua Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Guisen Lin
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Dalong Ni
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Zhiwei Shen
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoxuan Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jitian Guan
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Weida Hong
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfeng Chen
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Renhua Wu
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Ngo N, Choucair K, Creeden JF, Qaqish H, Bhavsar K, Murphy C, Lian K, Albrethsen MT, Stanbery L, Phinney RC, Brunicardi FC, Dworkin L, Nemunaitis J. Bifidobacterium spp: the promising Trojan Horse in the era of precision oncology. Future Oncol 2019; 15:3861-3876. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective delivery of therapeutic agents into solid tumors has been a major challenge impeding the achievement of long-term disease remission and cure. The need to develop alternative drug delivery routes to achieve higher drug concentration in tumor tissue, reduce unwanted off-target side effects and thus achieve greater therapeutic efficacy, has resulted in an explosive body of research. Bifidobacterium spp. are anaerobic, nonpathogenic, Gram-positive bacteria, commensal to the human gut that are a possible anticancer drug-delivery vehicle. In this review, we describe Bifidobacterium's microbiology, current clinical applications, overview of the preclinical work investigating Bifidobacterium's potential to deliver anticancer therapy, and review the different strategies used up to date. Finally, we discuss both current challenges and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nealie Ngo
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Khalil Choucair
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Justin F Creeden
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Hanan Qaqish
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Krupa Bhavsar
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Chantal Murphy
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Kendra Lian
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Mary T Albrethsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Laura Stanbery
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | | | - F Charles Brunicardi
- Department of Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Lance Dworkin
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - John Nemunaitis
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- ProMedica Health System, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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11
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Ekladious I, Colson YL, Grinstaff MW. Polymer-drug conjugate therapeutics: advances, insights and prospects. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 18:273-294. [PMID: 30542076 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-018-0005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 479] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polymer-drug conjugates have long been a mainstay of the drug delivery field, with several conjugates successfully translated into clinical practice. The conjugation of therapeutic agents to polymeric carriers, such as polyethylene glycol, offers several advantages, including improved drug solubilization, prolonged circulation, reduced immunogenicity, controlled release and enhanced safety. In this Review, we discuss the rational design, physicochemical characteristics and recent advances in the development of different classes of polymer-drug conjugates, including polymer-protein and polymer-small-molecule drug conjugates, dendrimers, polymer nanoparticles and multifunctional systems. Current obstacles hampering the clinical translation of polymer-drug conjugate therapeutics and future prospects are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iriny Ekladious
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yolonda L Colson
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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12
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Yang J, Li L, Kopeček J. Biorecognition: A key to drug-free macromolecular therapeutics. Biomaterials 2018; 190-191:11-23. [PMID: 30391799 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights a new paradigm in macromolecular nanomedicine - drug-free macromolecular therapeutics (DFMT). The effectiveness of the new system is based on biorecognition events without the participation of low molecular weight drugs. Apoptosis of cells can be initiated by the biorecognition of complementary peptide/oligonucleotide motifs at the cell surface resulting in the crosslinking of slowly internalizing receptors. B-cell CD20 receptors and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) were chosen as the first target. Exposing cells to a conjugate of one motif with a targeting ligand decorates the cells with this motif. Further exposure of decorated cells to a macromolecule (synthetic polymer or human serum albumin) containing multiple copies of the complementary motif as grafts results in receptor crosslinking and apoptosis induction in vitro and in vivo. The review focuses on recent developments and explores the mechanism of action of DFMT. The altered molecular signaling pathways demonstrated the great potential of DFMT to overcome rituximab resistance resulting from either down-regulation of CD20 or endocytosis and trogocytosis of rituximab/CD20 complexes. The suitability of this approach for the treatment of blood borne cancers is confirmed. In addition, the widespread applicability of DFMT as a new concept in macromolecular therapeutics for numerous diseases is exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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13
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Golombek SK, May JN, Theek B, Appold L, Drude N, Kiessling F, Lammers T. Tumor targeting via EPR: Strategies to enhance patient responses. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 130:17-38. [PMID: 30009886 PMCID: PMC6130746 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 763] [Impact Index Per Article: 127.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The tumor accumulation of nanomedicines relies on the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. In the last 5-10 years, it has been increasingly recognized that there is a large inter- and intra-individual heterogeneity in EPR-mediated tumor targeting, explaining the heterogeneous outcomes of clinical trials in which nanomedicine formulations have been evaluated. To address this heterogeneity, as in other areas of oncology drug development, we have to move away from a one-size-fits-all tumor targeting approach, towards methods that can be employed to individualize and improve nanomedicine treatments. To this end, efforts have to be invested in better understanding the nature, the complexity and the heterogeneity of the EPR effect, and in establishing systems and strategies to enhance, combine, bypass and image EPR-based tumor targeting. In the present manuscript, we summarize key studies in which these strategies are explored, and we discuss how these approaches can be employed to enhance patient responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne K Golombek
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan-Niklas May
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Theek
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lia Appold
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Natascha Drude
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.
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14
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Abstract
The treatment of malignancies has undergone dramatic changes in the past few decades. Advances in drug delivery techniques and nanotechnology have allowed for new formulations of old drugs, so as to improve the pharmacokinetics, to enhance accumulation in solid tumors, and to reduce the significant toxic effects of these important therapeutic agents. Here, we review the published clinical data in cancer therapy of several major drug delivery systems, including targeted radionuclide therapy, antibody-drug conjugates, liposomes, polymer-drug conjugates, polymer implants, micelles, and nanoparticles. The clinical outcomes of these delivery systems from various phases of clinical trials are summarized. The success and limitations of the drug delivery strategies are discussed based on the clinical observations. In addition, the challenges in applying drug delivery for efficacious cancer therapy, including physical barriers, tumor heterogeneity, drug resistance, and metastasis, are discussed along with future perspectives of drug delivery in cancer therapy. In doing so, we intend to underscore that efficient delivery of cancer therapeutics to solid malignancies remains a major challenge in cancer therapy, and requires a multidisciplinary approach that integrates knowledge from the diverse fields of chemistry, biology, engineering, and medicine. The overall objective of this review is to improve our understanding of the clinical fate of commonly investigated drug delivery strategies, and to identify the limitations that must be addressed in future drug delivery strategies, toward the pursuit of curative therapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Rong Lu
- Case Center for Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Peter Qiao
- Case Center for Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
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15
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The Light at the End of the Tunnel-Second Generation HPMA Conjugates for Cancer Treatment. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 31:30-42. [PMID: 29276426 DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It is almost four decades since N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) - based copolymers arose as drug carriers. Although fundamentals have been established and significant advantages have been proved, the commercialization of this platform technology was hampered due to modest outcome of clinical trial initiated with PK1, the symbol of first generation polymer-drug conjugates. In this review, we illustrate the exciting progress and approaches offered by more effective 2nd generation HPMA-based polymer-drug conjugates in cancer treatment. For example, a new synthetic strategy endorses inert HPMA polymer with biodegradability, which permitted to prepare high molecular weight HPMA-drug conjugates with simple linear architecture while maintaining good biocompatibility. As expected, extended long-circulating pharmacokinetics and enhanced antitumor activities were achieved in several preclinical investigations. In addition, greater inhibition of tumor growth in combination regimes exhibits the remarkable capability and flexibility of HPMA-based macromolecular therapeutics. The review also discusses the main challenges and strategies for further translation development of 2nd generation HPMA-based polymer-drug conjugates.
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16
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Yang J, Zhang R, Pan H, Li Y, Fang Y, Zhang L, Kopeček J. Backbone Degradable N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide Copolymer Conjugates with Gemcitabine and Paclitaxel: Impact of Molecular Weight on Activity toward Human Ovarian Carcinoma Xenografts. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:1384-1394. [PMID: 28094954 PMCID: PMC8494043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Degradable diblock and multiblock (tetrablock and hexablock) N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-gemcitabine (GEM) and -paclitaxel (PTX) conjugates were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transter (RAFT) copolymerization followed by click reaction for preclinical investigation. The aim was to validate the hypothesis that long-circulating conjugates are needed to generate a sustained concentration gradient between vasculature and a solid tumor and result in significant anticancer effect. To evaluate the impact of molecular weight of the conjugates on treatment efficacy, diblock, tetrablock, and hexablock GEM and PTX conjugates were administered intravenously to nude mice bearing A2780 human ovarian xenografts. For GEM conjugates, triple doses with dosage 5 mg/kg were given on days 0, 7, and 14 (q7dx3), whereas a single dose regime with 20 mg/kg was applied on day 0 for PTX conjugates treatment. The most effective conjugates for each monotherapy were the diblock ones, 2P-GEM and 2P-PTX (Mw ≈ 100 kDa). Increasing the Mw to 200 or 300 kDa resulted in decrease of activity most probably due to changes in the conformation of the macromolecule because of interaction of hydrophobic residues at side chain termini and formation of "unimer micelles". In addition to monotherapy, a sequential combination treatment of diblock PTX conjugate followed by GEM conjugate (2P-PTX/2P-GEM) was also performed, which showed the best tumor growth inhibition due to synergistic effect: complete remission was achieved after the first treatment cycle. However, because of low dose applied, tumor recurrence was observed 2 weeks after cease of treatment. To assess optimal route of administration, intraperitoneal (i.p.) application of 2P-GEM, 2P-PTX, and their combination was examined. The fact that the highest anticancer efficiency was achieved with diblock conjugates that can be synthesized in one scalable step bodes well for the translation into clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- TheraTarget, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Huaizhong Pan
- TheraTarget, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Yuling Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Yixin Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Libin Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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17
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Qin W, Zheng Y, Qian BZ, Zhao M. Prostate Cancer Stem Cells and Nanotechnology: A Focus on Wnt Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:153. [PMID: 28400729 PMCID: PMC5368180 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men worldwide. However, current treatments for prostate cancer patients in advanced stage often fail because of relapse. Prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) are resistant to most standard therapies, and are considered to be a major mechanism of cancer metastasis and recurrence. In this review, we summarized current understanding of PCSCs and their self-renewal signaling pathways with a specific focus on Wnt signaling. Although multiple Wnt inhibitors have been developed to target PCSCs, their application is still limited by inefficient delivery and toxicity in vivo. Recently, nanotechnology has opened a new avenue for cancer drug delivery, which significantly increases specificity and reduces toxicity. These nanotechnology-based drug delivery methods showed great potential in targeting PCSCs. Here, we summarized current advancement of nanotechnology-based therapeutic strategies for targeting PCSCs and highlighted the challenges and perspectives in designing future therapies to eliminate PCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Yongjiang Zheng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin-Zhi Qian
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre and MRC University of Edinburgh Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, UK
| | - Meng Zhao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
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18
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Šírová M, Strohalm J, Chytil P, Lidický O, Tomala J, Říhová B, Etrych T. The structure of polymer carriers controls the efficacy of the experimental combination treatment of tumors with HPMA copolymer conjugates carrying doxorubicin and docetaxel. J Control Release 2017; 246:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Yang J, Kopeček J. Design of smart HPMA copolymer-based nanomedicines. J Control Release 2016; 240:9-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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20
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Zhang L, Zhang R, Yang J, Wang J, Kopeček J. Indium-based and iodine-based labeling of HPMA copolymer-epirubicin conjugates: Impact of structure on the in vivo fate. J Control Release 2016; 235:306-318. [PMID: 27266365 PMCID: PMC5061135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we developed 2nd generation backbone degradable N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-drug conjugates which contain enzymatically cleavable sequences (GFLG) in both polymeric backbone and side-chains. This design allows using polymeric carriers with molecular weights above renal threshold without impairing their biocompatibility, thereby leading to significant improvement in therapeutic efficacy. For example, 2nd generation HPMA copolymer-epirubicin (EPI) conjugates (2P-EPI) demonstrated complete tumor regression in the treatment of mice bearing ovarian carcinoma. To obtain a better understanding of the in vivo fate of this system, we developed a dual-labeling strategy to simultaneously investigate the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the polymer carrier and drug EPI. First, we synthesized two different types of dual-radiolabeled conjugates, including 1) (111)In-2P-EPI-(125)I (polymeric carrier 2P was radiolabeled with (111)In and drug EPI with (125)I), and 2) (125)I-2P-EPI-(111)In (polymeric carrier 2P was radiolabeled with (125)I and drug EPI with (111)In). Then, we compared the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of these two dual-labeled conjugates in female nude mice bearing A2780 human ovarian carcinoma. There was no significant difference in the blood circulation between polymeric carrier and payload; the carriers ((111)In-2P and (125)I-2P) showed similar retention of radioactivity in both tumor and major organs except kidney. However, compared to (111)In-labeled payload EPI, (125)I-labeled EPI showed lower radioactivity in normal organs and tumor at 48h and 144h after intravenous administration of conjugates. This may be due to different drug release rates resulting from steric hindrance to the formation of enzyme-substrate complex as indicated by cleavage experiments with lysosomal enzymes (Tritosomes). A slower release rate of EPI(DTPA)(111)In than EPI(Tyr)(125)I was observed. It may be also due to in vivo catabolism and subsequent iodine loss as literature reported. Nevertheless, tumor-to-tissue uptake ratios of both radionuclides were comparable, indicating that drug-labeling strategy does not affect the tumor targeting ability of HPMA copolymer conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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21
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Zhang R, Yang J, Radford DC, Fang Y, Kopeček J. FRET Imaging of Enzyme-Responsive HPMA Copolymer Conjugate. Macromol Biosci 2016; 17. [PMID: 27198936 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is applied to investigate the enzyme-responsive payload release from a macromolecular therapeutic. The donor Cy5 is attached to the N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer backbone and the acceptor Cy7 is bound to the termini of enzyme-sensitive peptide side chains. Upon exposure to an enzyme, the bond between the peptide and Cy7 is cleaved, thereby leading to the loss of FRET signal. This enzyme response is visualized at the cell, tissue and whole-body levels. The in vitro results demonstrate that high expression of cathepsin B in tumor cells induces effective release of the drug model from conjugates resulting in a high concentration of payload inside tumor cells. The in vivo and ex vivo images show that the conjugate releases drug model faster in the ovarian tumor than in the normal tissues. The information will enhance the understanding of enzyme-responsive polymer carriers and help to shape their design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | | | - Yixin Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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22
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Urnauer S, Morys S, Krhac Levacic A, Müller AM, Schug C, Schmohl KA, Schwenk N, Zach C, Carlsen J, Bartenstein P, Wagner E, Spitzweg C. Sequence-defined cMET/HGFR-targeted Polymers as Gene Delivery Vehicles for the Theranostic Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) Gene. Mol Ther 2016; 24:1395-404. [PMID: 27157666 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The sodium iodide symporter (NIS) as well-characterized theranostic gene represents an outstanding tool to target different cancer types allowing noninvasive imaging of functional NIS expression and therapeutic radioiodide application. Based on its overexpression on the surface of most cancer types, the cMET/hepatocyte growth factor receptor serves as ideal target for tumor-selective gene delivery. Sequence-defined polymers as nonviral gene delivery vehicles comprising polyethylene glycol (PEG) and cationic (oligoethanoamino) amide cores coupled with a cMET-binding peptide (cMBP2) were complexed with NIS-DNA and tested for receptor-specificity, transduction efficiency, and therapeutic efficacy in hepatocellular cancer cells HuH7. In vitro iodide uptake studies demonstrated high transduction efficiency and cMET-specificity of NIS-encoding polyplexes (cMBP2-PEG-Stp/NIS) compared to polyplexes without targeting ligand (Ala-PEG-Stp/NIS) and without coding DNA (cMBP2-PEG-Stp/Antisense-NIS). Tumor recruitment and vector biodistribution were investigated in vivo in a subcutaneous xenograft mouse model showing high tumor-selective iodide accumulation in cMBP2-PEG-Stp/NIS-treated mice (6.6 ± 1.6% ID/g (123)I, biological half-life 3 hours) by (123)I-scintigraphy. Therapy studies with three cycles of polyplexes and (131)I application resulted in significant delay in tumor growth and prolonged survival. These data demonstrate the enormous potential of cMET-targeted sequence-defined polymers combined with the unique theranostic function of NIS allowing for optimized transfection efficiency while eliminating toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Urnauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Morys
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ana Krhac Levacic
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea M Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine II, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Schug
- Department of Internal Medicine II, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Christian Zach
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Ernst Wagner
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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23
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Progress and problems with the use of suicide genes for targeted cancer therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 99:113-128. [PMID: 26004498 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Among various gene therapy methods for cancer, suicide gene therapy attracts a special attention because it allows selective conversion of non-toxic compounds into cytotoxic drugs inside cancer cells. As a result, therapeutic index can be increased significantly by introducing high concentrations of cytotoxic molecules to the tumor environment while minimizing impact on normal tissues. Despite significant success at the preclinical level, no cancer suicide gene therapy protocol has delivered the desirable clinical significance yet. This review gives a critical look at the six main enzyme/prodrug systems that are used in suicide gene therapy of cancer and familiarizes readers with the state-of-the-art research and practices in this field. For each enzyme/prodrug system, the mechanisms of action, protein engineering strategies to enhance enzyme stability/affinity and chemical modification techniques to increase prodrug kinetics and potency are discussed. In each category, major clinical trials that have been performed in the past decade with each enzyme/prodrug system are discussed to highlight the progress to date. Finally, shortcomings are underlined and areas that need improvement in order to produce clinical significance are delineated.
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Bolkestein M, de Blois E, Koelewijn SJ, Eggermont AMM, Grosveld F, de Jong M, Koning GA. Investigation of Factors Determining the Enhanced Permeability and Retention Effect in Subcutaneous Xenografts. J Nucl Med 2015; 57:601-7. [PMID: 26719375 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.166173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomal chemotherapy offers several advantages over conventional therapies, including high intratumoral drug delivery, reduced side effects, prolonged circulation time, and the possibility to dose higher. The efficient delivery of liposomal chemotherapeutics relies, however, on the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, which refers to the ability of macromolecules to extravasate leaky tumor vessels and accumulate in the tumor tissue. Using a panel of human xenograft tumors, we evaluated the influence of the EPR effect on liposomal distribution in vivo by injection of pegylated liposomes radiolabeled with (111)In. Liposomal accumulation in tumors and organs was followed over time by SPECT/CT imaging. We observed that fast-growing xenografts, which may be less representative of tumor development in patients, showed higher liposomal accumulation than slow-growing xenografts. Additionally, several other parameters known to influence the EPR effect were evaluated, such as blood and lymphatic vessel density, intratumoral hypoxia, and the presence of infiltrating macrophages. The investigation of various parameters showed a few correlations. Although hypoxia, proliferation, and macrophage presence were associated with tumor growth, no hard conclusions or predictions could be made regarding the EPR effect or liposomal uptake. However, liposomal uptake was significantly correlated with tumor growth, with fast-growing tumors showing a higher uptake, although no biological determinants could be elucidated to explain this correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Bolkestein
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik de Blois
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stuart J Koelewijn
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Frank Grosveld
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marion de Jong
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben A Koning
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Han HS, Lee M, An JY, Son S, Ko H, Lee H, Chae YS, Kang YM, Park JH. A pH-responsive carboxymethyl dextran-based conjugate as a carrier of docetaxel for cancer therapy. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:789-96. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Seung Han
- School of Chemical Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 440-746 Republic of Korea
| | - Minchang Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 440-746 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yoon An
- School of Chemical Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 440-746 Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Son
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology; SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 440-746 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Ko
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology; SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 440-746 Republic of Korea
| | - Hansang Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 440-746 Republic of Korea
| | - Yee Soo Chae
- School of Medicine; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 700-422 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mo Kang
- School of Medicine; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 700-422 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- School of Chemical Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 440-746 Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology; SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 440-746 Republic of Korea
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Abstract
This overview intends to demonstrate the close relationship between the design of smart biomaterials and water-soluble polymer-drug conjugates. First, the discovery and systematic studies of hydrogels based on crosslinked poly(meth)acrylic acid esters and substituted amides is described. Then, the lessons learned for the design of water-soluble polymers as drug carriers are highlighted. The current state-of-the-art in water-soluble, mainly poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacylamide (HPMA), polymer-drug conjugates is shown including the design of backbone degradable HPMA copolymer carriers. In the second part, the modern design of hybrid hydrogels focuses on the self-assembly of hybrid copolymers composed from the synthetic part (backbone) and biorecognizable grafts (coiled-coil forming peptides or morpholino oligonucleotides) is shown. The research of self-assembling hydrogels inspired the invention and design of drug-free macromolecular therapeutics - a new paradigm in drug delivery where crosslinking of non-internalizating CD20 receptors results in apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. The latter is mediated by biorecognition of complementary motifs; no low molecular weight drug is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA ; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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Yang J, Zhang R, Radford DC, Kopeček J. FRET-trackable biodegradable HPMA copolymer-epirubicin conjugates for ovarian carcinoma therapy. J Control Release 2015; 218:36-44. [PMID: 26410808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To develop a biodegradable polymeric drug delivery system for the treatment of ovarian cancer with the capacity for non-invasive fate monitoring, we designed and synthesized N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-epirubicin (EPI) conjugates. The polymer backbone was labeled with acceptor fluorophore Cy5, while donor fluorophores (Cy3 or EPI) were attached to HPMA copolymer side chains via an enzyme-cleavable GFLG linker. This design allows elucidating separately the fate of the drug and of the polymer backbone using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The degradable diblock conjugate (2P-EPI) was synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using a bifunctional chain transfer agent (Peptide2CTA). The pharmacokinetics (PK) and therapeutic effect of 2P-EPI (Mw ~100 kDa) were determined in mice bearing human ovarian carcinoma A2780 xenografts. Compared to 1st generation conjugate (P-EPI, Mw <50 kDa), 2P-EPI demonstrated remarkably improved PK such as fourfold terminal half-life (33.22 ± 3.18 h for 2P-EPI vs. 7.55 ± 3.18 h for P-EPI), which is primarily attributed to the increased molecular weight of the polymer carrier. Notably, complete tumor remission and long-term inhibition of tumorigenesis (100 days) were achieved in mice (n=5) treated with 2P-EPI. Moreover, in vitro cell uptake and intracellular drug release were determined via FRET intensity changes. The results establish a solid foundation for future in vivo tracking of drug delivery and chain scission of polymeric conjugates by FRET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | | | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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Beck-Broichsitter M, Nicolas J, Couvreur P. Solvent selection causes remarkable shifts of the "Ouzo region" for poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles prepared by nanoprecipitation. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:9215-9221. [PMID: 25924854 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01695a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanoparticles (NPs) offer versatile novel biological features of interest for drug delivery applications. "Ouzo diagrams" allowed for a systematic manufacture of specified colloidal formulations by the widely used nanoprecipitation process. Surprisingly, despite the well-documented relevance of the applied organic solvent for nanoprecipitation, its effect on the actual status of the "Ouzo region" was so far not studied. Herein, investigations were undertaken to account for the potential impact of the solvent type on the "Ouzo diagrams" for poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and tetrahydrofuran (THF), 1,4-dioxane, acetone and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The "Ouzo region" shifted considerably to higher polymer fractions upon solvent change (rank order: THF < 1,4-dioxane < acetone < DMSO). Assuming a one-to-one transformation of detached PLGA-bearing solvent droplets (droplet diameter for THF: ∼800 nm, 1,4-dioxane: ∼700 nm, acetone: ∼500 nm and DMSO: ∼300 nm) into non-divisible polymer aggregates upon solvent displacement, facilitated to predict the size of NPs found within the "Ouzo region" (size range: 40-200 nm). In conclusion, application of "Ouzo diagrams" is a valuable tool for drug delivery research and will most-likely replace the "trial-and-error"-approach to identify the operating window for the production of stable colloidal formulations by the nanoprecipitation technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Beck-Broichsitter
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8612, University of Paris-Sud, F-92196, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France.
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Beck-Broichsitter M, Nicolas J, Couvreur P. Design attributes of long-circulating polymeric drug delivery vehicles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 97:304-17. [PMID: 25857838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Following systemic administration polymeric drug delivery vehicles allow for a controlled and targeted release of the encapsulated medication at the desired site of action. For an elevated and organ specific accumulation of their cargo, nanocarriers need to avoid opsonization, activation of the complement system and uptake by macrophages of the mononuclear phagocyte system. In this respect, camouflaged vehicles revealed a delayed elimination from systemic circulation and an improved target organ deposition. For instance, a steric shielding of the carrier surface by poly(ethylene glycol) substantially decreased interactions with the biological environment. However, recent studies disclosed possible deficits of this approach, where most notably, poly(ethylene glycol)-modified drug delivery vehicles caused significant immune responses. At present, identification of novel potential carrier coating strategies facilitating negligible immune reactions is an emerging field of interest in drug delivery research. Moreover, physical carrier properties including geometry and elasticity seem to be very promising design attributes to surpass numerous biological barriers, in order to improve the efficacy of the delivered medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Beck-Broichsitter
- Institut Galien UMR CNRS 8612, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud XI, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Julien Nicolas
- Institut Galien UMR CNRS 8612, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud XI, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Patrick Couvreur
- Institut Galien UMR CNRS 8612, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud XI, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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Alekseenko IV, Snezhkov EV, Chernov IP, Pleshkan VV, Potapov VK, Sass AV, Monastyrskaya GS, Kopantzev EP, Vinogradova TV, Khramtsov YV, Ulasov AV, Rosenkranz AA, Sobolev AS, Bezborodova OA, Plyutinskaya AD, Nemtsova ER, Yakubovskaya RI, Sverdlov ED. Therapeutic properties of a vector carrying the HSV thymidine kinase and GM-CSF genes and delivered as a complex with a cationic copolymer. J Transl Med 2015; 13:78. [PMID: 25880666 PMCID: PMC4359447 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) represents a technology to improve drug selectivity for cancer cells. It consists of delivery into tumor cells of a suicide gene responsible for in situ conversion of a prodrug into cytotoxic metabolites. Major limitations of GDEPT that hinder its clinical application include inefficient delivery into cancer cells and poor prodrug activation by suicide enzymes. We tried to overcome these constraints through a combination of suicide gene therapy with immunomodulating therapy. Viral vectors dominate in present-day GDEPT clinical trials due to efficient transfection and production of therapeutic genes. However, safety concerns associated with severe immune and inflammatory responses as well as high cost of the production of therapeutic viruses can limit therapeutic use of virus-based therapeutics. We tried to overcome this problem by using a simple nonviral delivery system. METHODS We studied the antitumor efficacy of a PEI (polyethylenimine)-PEG (polyethylene glycol) copolymer carrying the HSVtk gene combined in one vector with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) cDNA. The system HSVtk-GM-CSF/PEI-PEG was tested in vitro in various mouse and human cell lines, ex vivo and in vivo using mouse models. RESULTS We showed that the HSVtk-GM-CSF/PEI-PEG system effectively inhibited the growth of transplanted human and mouse tumors, suppressed metastasis and increased animal lifespan. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that appreciable tumor shrinkage and metastasis inhibition could be achieved with a simple and low toxic chemical carrier - a PEI-PEG copolymer. Our data indicate that combined suicide and cytokine gene therapy may provide a powerful approach for the treatment of solid tumors and their metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Alekseenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow, 123182, Russia.
| | - Eugene V Snezhkov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Igor P Chernov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Victor V Pleshkan
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow, 123182, Russia.
| | - Victor K Potapov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Alexander V Sass
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Galina S Monastyrskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Eugene P Kopantzev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Tatyana V Vinogradova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Yuri V Khramtsov
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova, 34/5, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
| | - Alexey V Ulasov
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova, 34/5, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
| | - Andrey A Rosenkranz
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova, 34/5, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
- Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, ul. Leninskiye Gory, 1-12, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - Alexander S Sobolev
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova, 34/5, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
- Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, ul. Leninskiye Gory, 1-12, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - Olga A Bezborodova
- Moscow Hertsen Research Institute of Oncology, Russian Ministry of Health Care, 2nd Botkinskiy proezd 3, Moscow, 125284, Russia.
| | - Anna D Plyutinskaya
- Moscow Hertsen Research Institute of Oncology, Russian Ministry of Health Care, 2nd Botkinskiy proezd 3, Moscow, 125284, Russia.
| | - Elena R Nemtsova
- Moscow Hertsen Research Institute of Oncology, Russian Ministry of Health Care, 2nd Botkinskiy proezd 3, Moscow, 125284, Russia.
| | - Raisa I Yakubovskaya
- Moscow Hertsen Research Institute of Oncology, Russian Ministry of Health Care, 2nd Botkinskiy proezd 3, Moscow, 125284, Russia.
| | - Eugene D Sverdlov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow, 123182, Russia.
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31
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Paramjot, Khan NM, Kapahi H, Kumar S, Bhardwaj TR, Arora S, Mishra N. Role of polymer–drug conjugates in organ-specific delivery systems. J Drug Target 2015; 23:387-416. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1016436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Zhou Y, Yang J, Zhang R, Kopeček J. Combination therapy of prostate cancer with HPMA copolymer conjugates containing PI3K/mTOR inhibitor and docetaxel. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 89:107-15. [PMID: 25481033 PMCID: PMC4355312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Combination therapies have been investigated to address the current challenges of anti-cancer therapeutics. In particular, a novel paradigm of combination therapy targeting both cancer stem/progenitor cells and bulk tumor cells is promising to improve the long-term therapeutic benefit against prostate cancer. Among the therapeutic agents with anti-CSC activities, the PI3K/mTOR inhibitors exhibit preferential inhibitory effect on prostate cancer stem/progenitor cells and potent cytotoxicity against bulk tumor cells. The combination of PI3K/mTOR inhibitor and traditional chemotherapy docetaxel may show superior therapeutic effect over single drug treatment. Aiming to further improve the combinational anti-tumor and anti-CSC effect, we developed the combination therapy containing two HPMA copolymer-drug conjugates, incorporated with PI3K/mTOR inhibitor GDC-0980 (P-(GDC-0980)) and docetaxel (P-DTX), respectively. The anti-tumor and anti-CSC effects of the single and combination therapy were investigated in vitro and on PC-3 prostate cancer xenografts in nude mice. Our evaluations showed that P-(GDC-0980) suppressed CD133+ prostate stem/progenitor cell growth even at the low dose which does not cause significant growth inhibition in bulk tumor cells. The combination therapy exhibited effective anti-CSC effect as well as enhanced anti-bulk tumor effect in vitro. Among all the single and combination dosing regimens of free drugs and conjugates, the macromolecular combination therapy showed significantly prolonged mice survival in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Yang J, Kopeček J. Macromolecular therapeutics. J Control Release 2014; 190:288-303. [PMID: 24747162 PMCID: PMC4142088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review covers water-soluble polymer-drug conjugates and macromolecules that possess biological activity without attached low molecular weight drugs. The main design principles of traditional and backbone degradable polymer-drug conjugates as well as the development of a new paradigm in nanomedicines - (low molecular weight) drug-free macromolecular therapeutics are discussed. To address the biological features of cancer, macromolecular therapeutics directed to stem/progenitor cells and the tumor microenvironment are deliberated. Finally, the future perspectives of the field are briefly debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA.
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Budker VG, Monahan SD, Subbotin VM. Loco-regional cancer drug therapy: present approaches and rapidly reversible hydrophobization (RRH) of therapeutic agents as the future direction. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:1855-70. [PMID: 25173702 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient drug uptake by solid tumors remains the major problem for systemic chemotherapy. Many studies have demonstrated anticancer drug effects to be dose-dependent, although dose-escalation studies have resulted in limited survival benefit with increased systemic toxicities. One solution to this has been the idea of loco-regional drug treatments, which offer dramatically higher drug concentrations in tumor tissues while minimizing systemic toxicity. Although loco-regional delivery has been most prominent in cancers of the liver, soft tissues and serosal peritoneal malignancies, survival benefits are very far from desirable. This review discusses the evolution of loco-regional treatments, the present approaches and offers rapidly reversible hydrophobization of drugs as the new future direction.
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Peng ZH, Sima M, Salama ME, Kopečková P, Kopeček J. Spacer length impacts the efficacy of targeted docetaxel conjugates in prostate-specific membrane antigen expressing prostate cancer. J Drug Target 2014; 21:968-80. [PMID: 24160903 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2013.833207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Combination of targeted delivery and controlled release is a powerful technique for cancer treatment. In this paper, we describe the design, synthesis, structure validation and biological properties of targeted and non-targeted N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-docetaxel conjugates. Docetaxel (DTX) was conjugated to HPMA copolymer via a tetrapeptide spacer (-GFLG-). 3-(1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-ureido]pentanedioic acid (DUPA) was used as the targeting moiety to actively deliver DTX for treatment of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) expressing prostate cancer. Short and long spacer DUPA monomers were prepared, and four HPMA copolymer--DTX conjugates (non-targeted, two targeted with short spacer of different molecular weight and targeted with long spacer) were prepared via Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) copolymerization. Following confirmation of PSMA expression on C4-2 cell line, the DTX conjugates' in vitro cytotoxicity was tested against C4-2 tumor cells and their anticancer efficacies were assessed in nude mice bearing s.c. human prostate adenocarcinoma C4-2 xenografts. The in vivo results show that the spacer length between targeting moieties and HPMA copolymer backbone can significantly affect the treatment efficacy of DTX conjugates against C4-2 tumor bearing nu/nu mice. Moreover, histological analysis indicated that the DUPA-targeted DTX conjugate with longer spacer had no toxicity in major organs of treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Hong Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD
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36
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Kaewsaneha C, Jangpatarapongsa K, Tangchaikeeree T, Polpanich D, Tangboriboonrat P. Fluorescent chitosan functionalized magnetic polymeric nanoparticles: Cytotoxicity and in vitro evaluation of cellular uptake. J Biomater Appl 2014; 29:761-8. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328214540349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles possessing magnetic and fluorescent properties were fabricated by the covalent attachment of fluorescein isothiocyanate onto magnetic polymeric nanoparticles functionalized by chitosan. The synthesized magnetic polymeric nanoparticles-chitosan/fluorescein isothiocyanate were successfully used for labeling the living organ and blood-related cancer cells, i.e., HeLa, Hep G2, and K562 cells. The cytotoxicity test of nanoparticles at various incubation times indicated the high cell viability (>90%) without morphological change. The confocal microscopy revealed that they could pass through cell membrane within 2 h for K562 cells and 3 h for HeLa and Hep G2 cells and then confine inside cytoplasm of all types of tested cells for at least 24 h. Therefore, the synthesized magnetic polymeric nanoparticles-chitosan/fluorescein isothiocyanate would potentially be used as cell tracking in theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chariya Kaewsaneha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kulachart Jangpatarapongsa
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Center for Innovation Development and Technology Transfer, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tienrat Tangchaikeeree
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Center for Innovation Development and Technology Transfer, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Yan Z, Yang Y, Wei X, Zhong J, Wei D, Liu L, Xie C, Wang F, Zhang L, Lu W, He D. Tumor-Penetrating Peptide Mediation: An Effective Strategy for Improving the Transport of Liposomes in Tumor Tissue. Mol Pharm 2013; 11:218-25. [DOI: 10.1021/mp400393a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Yan
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics
and New Drug Development, Institutes for
Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Yiyi Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhong
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Daixu Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Lu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Cao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Weiyue Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Dannong He
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
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Yang Y, Yan Z, Wei D, Zhong J, Liu L, Zhang L, Wang F, Wei X, Xie C, Lu W, He D. Tumor-penetrating peptide functionalization enhances the anti-glioblastoma effect of doxorubicin liposomes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:405101. [PMID: 24029287 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/40/405101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The targeted therapeutic effect of nano drug delivery system for glioblastoma has been hampered by the weak enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect of glioblastoma and the low delivering efficiency of NDDS in glioblastoma tissue. In this study, a tumor-penetrating peptide (RGERPPR), the specific ligand of neuropilin-1 overexpressed on glioblastoma and endothelial cells, was used as a targeting moiety to enhance the anti-glioblastoma effect of doxorubicin liposomes. Firstly, RGERPPR-PEG-DSPE was synthesized and used to prepare the RGERPPR peptide-functionalized liposomes (RGE-LS), which showed vesicle sizes of around 90 nm and narrow size distributions. The cellular uptake and in vivo near-infrared fluorescence imaging test displayed that RGE-LS exhibited increased uptake by glioblastoma cells and intracranial glioblastoma tissues. The cytotoxicity assay and anti-glioblastoma study proved that RGERPPR functionalization significantly enhanced the in vitro inhibitory effect of doxorubicin liposomes on glioblastoma cells and prolonged the median survival time of nude mice bearing intracranial glioblastoma. Finally, the immunofluorescence analysis evidenced that RGE-LS were able to penetrate through tumor vessels and stroma and deep into the whole tumor tissue. The results indicated that tumor-penetrating peptide functionalization is an effective strategy for enhancing the anti-glioblastoma effect of doxorubicin liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China. National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
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McLaughlin CK, Logie J, Shoichet MS. Core and Corona Modifications for the Design of Polymeric Micelle Drug-Delivery Systems. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201300085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zhou Y, Yang J, Rhim JS, Kopeček J. HPMA copolymer-based combination therapy toxic to both prostate cancer stem/progenitor cells and differentiated cells induces durable anti-tumor effects. J Control Release 2013; 172:946-53. [PMID: 24041709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Current treatments for prostate cancer are still not satisfactory, often resulting in tumor regrowth and metastasis. One of the main reasons for the ineffective anti-prostate cancer treatments is the failure to deplete cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) - a subset of cancer cells with enhanced tumorigenic capacity. Thus, combination of agents against both CSCs and bulk tumor cells may offer better therapeutic benefits. Several molecules with anti-cancer stem/progenitor cell activities have been under preclinical evaluations. However, their low solubility and nonspecific toxicity limit their clinical translation. Herein, we designed a combination macromolecular therapy containing two drug conjugates: HPMA copolymer-cyclopamine conjugate (P-CYP) preferentially toxic to cancer stem/progenitor cells, and HPMA copolymer-docetaxel conjugate (P-DTX) effective in debulking the tumor mass. Both conjugates were synthesized using RAFT (reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer) polymerization resulting in narrow molecular weight distribution. The killing effects of the two conjugates against bulk tumor cells and CSCs were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In PC-3 or RC-92a/hTERT prostate cancer cells, P-CYP preferentially kills and impairs the function of CD133+ prostate cancer stem/progenitor cells; P-DTX was able to kill bulk tumor cells instead of CSCs. In a PC-3 xenograft mice model, combination of P-DTX and P-CYP showed the most effective and persistent tumor growth inhibitory effect. In addition, residual tumors contained less CD133+ cancer cells following combination or P-CYP treatments, indicating selective killing of cancer cells with stem/progenitor cell properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA
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Shankar R, Samykutty A, Riggin C, Kannan S, Wenzel U, Kolhatkar R. Cathepsin B degradable star-shaped peptidic macromolecules for delivery of 2-methoxyestradiol. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:3776-88. [PMID: 23971990 DOI: 10.1021/mp400261h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME), a natural metabolite of estradiol, has antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activity. However, its clinical success is limited due to poor water solubility and poor pharmacokinetic parameters suggesting the need for a delivery vehicle. In this study we evaluated cathepsin B degradable star-shaped peptidic macromolecules (SPMs) that can potentially be used to create higher generation and high molecular weight peptidic polymer as delivery vehicle of 2ME. Two peptidic macromolecules having positively charged amine (ASPM) or negatively charged carboxyl surface groups (CSPM) were synthesized and evaluated for their degradation in the presence of cathepsin B and stability in the presence of neutral or acidic buffer and serum. Both ASPM and CSPM degraded rapidly in the presence of cathepsin B. Both were stable in neutral and acidic buffer whereas only CSPM exhibited substantial stability in the presence of serum. Both macromolecules were nontoxic toward breast cancer cells whereas 2ME-containing macromolecules exhibited antiproliferative activity in the micromolar range. Overall, results from the current study indicate that tetrapeptide GFLG can be used to create star-shaped macromolecules that are degraded in the presence of cathepsin B and have the potential to be developed as delivery vehicles of 2ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Shankar
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago , Rockford, Illinois 61107, United States
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Efficiency of high molecular weight backbone degradable HPMA copolymer-prostaglandin E1 conjugate in promotion of bone formation in ovariectomized rats. Biomaterials 2013; 34:6528-38. [PMID: 23731780 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiblock, high molecular weight, linear, backbone degradable HPMA copolymer-prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) conjugate has been synthesized by RAFT polymerization mediated by a new bifunctional chain transfer agent (CTA), which contains an enzymatically degradable oligopeptide sequence flanked by two dithiobenzoate groups, followed by postpolymerization aminolysis and thiol-ene chain extension. The multiblock conjugate contains Asp8 as the bone targeting moiety and enzymatically degradable bonds in the polymer backbone; in vivo degradation produces cleavage products that are below the renal threshold. Using an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model, the accumulation in bone and efficacy to promote bone formation was evaluated; low molecular weight conjugates served as control. The results indicated a higher accumulation in bone, greater enhancement of bone density, and higher plasma osteocalcin levels for the backbone degradable conjugate.
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Pan H, Sima M, Yang J, Kopeček J. Synthesis of long-circulating, backbone degradable HPMA copolymer-doxorubicin conjugates and evaluation of molecular-weight-dependent antitumor efficacy. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:155-60. [PMID: 23339052 PMCID: PMC4595041 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Backbone degradable, linear, multiblock N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-doxorubicin (DOX) conjugates are synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization followed by chain extension via thiol-ene click reaction. The examination of molecular-weight-dependent antitumor activity toward human ovarian A2780/AD carcinoma in nude mice reveals enhanced activity of multiblock, second-generation, higher molecular weight conjugates when compared with traditional HPMA copolymer-DOX conjugates. The examination of body weight changes during treatment indicates the absence of non-specific adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaizhong Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Monika Sima
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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Kopeček J. Polymer-drug conjugates: origins, progress to date and future directions. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:49-59. [PMID: 23123294 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This overview focuses on bioconjugates of water-soluble polymers with low molecular weight drugs and proteins. After a short discussion of the origins of the field, the state-of-the-art is reviewed. Then research directions needed for the acceleration of the translation of nanomedicines into the clinic are outlined. Two most important directions, synthesis of backbone degradable polymer carriers and drug-free macromolecular therapeutics, a new paradigm in drug delivery, are discussed in detail. Finally, the future perspectives of the field are briefly discussed.
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