1
|
Chen Y, Zhang C, Huang Y, Ma Y, Song Q, Chen H, Jiang G, Gao X. Intranasal drug delivery: The interaction between nanoparticles and the nose-to-brain pathway. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 207:115196. [PMID: 38336090 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Intranasal delivery provides a direct and non-invasive method for drugs to reach the central nervous system. Nanoparticles play a crucial role as carriers in augmenting the efficacy of brain delivery. However, the interaction between nanoparticles and the nose-to-brain pathway and how the various biopharmaceutical factors affect brain delivery efficacy remains unclear. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the nose-to-brain pathway and the obstacles that hinder brain delivery. We then outlined the interaction between nanoparticles and this pathway and reviewed the biomedical applications of various nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for nose-to-brain drug delivery. This review aims at inspiring innovative approaches for enhancing the effectiveness of nose-to-brain drug delivery in the treatment of different brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chenyun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yukun Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuxiao Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qingxiang Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hongzhuan Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Gan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chmielewska N, Szyndler J. Intranasal administration of antiseizure medications in chronic and emergency treatment: Hopes and challenges. Seizure 2024; 115:62-67. [PMID: 38184900 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of many antiseizure medications (ASMs), 30 % of patients experience pharmacoresistant seizures. High-throughput screening methods undoubtedly remain one of the most important approaches for discovering new molecules to treat seizures. However, the costly and time-consuming nature of drug development prompts us to explore alternative strategies to counteract drug-resistant seizures. One such approach is to consider intranasal administration of known molecules for seizure treatment. In the case of treating epileptic seizures, administering ASMs intranasally may enhance treatment effectiveness and minimize adverse effects. A good example of changes in drug administration is the intranasal administration of fentanyl, which has become a clinical standard in the emergency setting to treat moderate to severe pain in adults and children. This review discusses the utilization of intranasally administered ASMs for both acute and chronic seizures. It addresses various targeted pharmacokinetic approaches, challenges and prospects associated with these regimens. Brief neuroanatomical and molecular rationale for nose-to-brain drug transport is also presented. Furthermore, recent preclinical studies validating the efficacy and brain distribution following intranasal administration of the most commonly used drugs in chronic treatment are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Chmielewska
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9 Street, Warsaw 02-957, Poland.
| | - Janusz Szyndler
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B Street, Warsaw 02- 097, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Phongpradist R, Jiaranaikulwanitch J, Thongkorn K, Lekawanvijit S, Sirilun S, Chittasupho C, Poomanee W. KLVFF Conjugated Curcumin Microemulsion-Based Hydrogel for Transnasal Route: Formulation Development, Optimization, Physicochemical Characterization, and Ex Vivo Evaluation. Gels 2023; 9:610. [PMID: 37623065 PMCID: PMC10453774 DOI: 10.3390/gels9080610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a potent natural compound used to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the clinical usefulness of curcumin to treat AD is restricted by its low oral bioavailability and difficulty permeating the blood-brain barrier. To overcome such drawbacks, various alternative strategies have been explored, including the transnasal route. However, rapid mucociliary clearance in the nasal cavity is a major hindrance to drug delivery. Thus, designing a delivery system for curcumin to lengthen the contact period between the drug and nasal mucosa must be employed. This study describes the optimization of KLVFF conjugated curcumin microemulsion-base hydrogel (KCMEG) to formulate a prototype transnasal preparation using the response surface method to improve a mucoadhesive property. A central composite design was employed to optimize and evaluate two influencing factors: the concentration of carbopol 940 and the percentage of KLVFF conjugated curcumin microemulsion (KCME). The physicochemical properties, anti-cholinesterase activity, and anti-aggregation activities of KCME were investigated in this study. The studied factors, in terms of main and interaction effects, significantly (p < 0.05) influenced hardness and adhesiveness. The optimized KCMEG was evaluated for pH, spreadability, and mucoadhesive properties. Ex vivo nasal ciliotoxicity to optimize KCMEG was performed through the porcine nasal mucosa. KCME was transparent, with a mean globule size of 70.8 ± 3.4 nm and a pH of 5.80 ± 0.02. The optimized KCMEG containing 2% carbopol 940 showed higher in vitro mucoadhesive potential (9.67 ± 0.13 min) compared with microemulsion and was also found to be free from nasal ciliotoxicity during histopathologic evaluation of the porcine nasal mucosa. The result revealed that both the concentration of carbopol 940 and the percentage of KCME play a crucial role in mucoadhesive properties. In conclusion, incorporating a mucoadhesive agent in a microemulsion can increase the retention time of the formulation, leading to enhanced brain delivery of the drug. Findings from the investigation revealed that KCMEG has the potential to constitute a promising approach to treating AD via transnasal administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rungsinee Phongpradist
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (R.P.); (J.J.); (S.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Jutamas Jiaranaikulwanitch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (R.P.); (J.J.); (S.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Kriangkrai Thongkorn
- Department of Companion Animals and Wildlife Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
| | - Suree Lekawanvijit
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Sasithorn Sirilun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (R.P.); (J.J.); (S.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Chuda Chittasupho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (R.P.); (J.J.); (S.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Worrapan Poomanee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (R.P.); (J.J.); (S.S.); (C.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Prentice RN, Rizwan SB. Translational Considerations in the Development of Intranasal Treatments for Epilepsy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010233. [PMID: 36678862 PMCID: PMC9865314 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common and serious neurological disorder, to which a high proportion of patients continue to be considered "drug-resistant", despite the availability of a host of anti-seizure drugs. Investigation into new treatment strategies is therefore of great importance. One such strategy is the use of the nose to deliver drugs directly to the brain with the help of pharmaceutical formulation to overcome the physical challenges presented by this route. The following review explores intranasal delivery of anti-seizure drugs, covering the link between the nose and seizures, pathways from the nose to the brain, current formulations in clinical use, animal seizure models and their proposed application in studying intranasal treatments, and a critical discussion of relevant pre-clinical studies in the literature.
Collapse
|
5
|
Shirsath K, Agrawal YO. Intranasal Nanoemulsions A Potential Strategy for Targeting The Neurodegenerative Disorder: Parkinson's. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 22:CNSNDDT-EPUB-124720. [PMID: 35733314 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220622163403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Intranasal delivery has great potential to cross the blood-brain barrier and deliver the drug molecule into the central nervous system faster than traditional methods. The olfactory neuronal and trigeminal pathways both are involved in intranasal delivery. The nano-technology is an innovative strategy for the nose to brain delivery. The mucoadhesive nanoemulsion formulation is a modified technology that increases the duration of drug accumulation and provides prolonged delivery at a targeted site. The nanoemulsion formulation oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant components maintain lower surface tension and particle coalescence. The globule dimension and zeta potential are affected in brain targeting. The globule size of the innovative formulation should be < 200 nm for drug permeation because, in humans, the average axon magnitude ranges from around 100 to 700. Furthermore, modified technology of nanoemulsion like nanogel and nanoemulsion in-situ gel provide a great advantage to cure neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, focusing on the innovative pharmaceutical approaches of nanoemulsion in intranasal drug delivery, the current review provides insight into the applications of nanoemulsion in neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease, which are due to the depletion of dopamine in substania nigra resulting in cardinal motor activity bradykinesia and tremors. The review also touches upon the pathways for intranasal delivery of nanoemulsion, the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, and the future direction of the research on intranasal nanoemulsion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krushna Shirsath
- Department of Pharmaceutics R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research India
| | - Yogeeta O Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Strategies to Improve Drug Strength in Nasal Preparations for Brain Delivery of Low Aqueous Solubility Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030588. [PMID: 35335964 PMCID: PMC8955176 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Intranasal administration is a promising route for brain drug delivery. However, it can be difficult to formulate drugs that have low water solubility into high strength intranasal solutions. Hence, the purpose of this work was to review the strategies that have been used to increase drug strength in intranasal liquid formulations. Three main groups of strategies are: the use of solubilizers (change in pH, complexation and the use cosolvents/surfactants); incorporation of the drugs into a carrier nanosystem; modifications of the molecules themselves (use of salts or hydrophilic prodrugs). The use of high amounts of cosolvents and/or surfactants and pH decrease below 4 usually lead to local adverse effects, such as nasal and upper respiratory tract irritation. Cyclodextrins and (many) different carrier nanosystems, on the other hand, could be safer for intranasal administration at reasonably high concentrations, depending on selected excipients and their dose. While added attributes such as enhanced permeation, sustained delivery, or increased direct brain transport could be achieved, a great effort of optimization will be required. On the other hand, hydrophilic prodrugs, whether co-administered with a converting enzyme or not, can be used at very high concentrations, and have resulted in a fast prodrug to parent drug conversion and led to high brain drug levels. Nevertheless, the choice of which strategy to use will always depend on the characteristics of the drug and must be a case-by-case approach.
Collapse
|
7
|
Phongpradist R, Thongchai W, Thongkorn K, Lekawanvijit S, Chittasupho C. Surface Modification of Curcumin Microemulsions by Coupling of KLVFF Peptide: A Prototype for Targeted Bifunctional Microemulsions. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030443. [PMID: 35160433 PMCID: PMC8838555 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is one of the most promising natural therapeutics for use against Alzheimer’s disease. The major limitations of curcumin are its low oral bioavailability and difficulty in permeating the blood–brain barrier. Therefore, designing a delivery system of curcumin to overcome its limitations must be employed. KLVFF, a peptide known as an amyloid blocker, was used in this study as a targeting moiety to develop a targeted drug delivery system. A prototype of transnasal KLVFF conjugated microemulsions containing curcumin (KLVFF-Cur-ME) for the nose-to-brain delivery was fabricated. The KLVFF-Cur-ME was developed by a titration method. A conjugation of KLVFF was performed through a carbodiimide reaction, and the conjugation efficiency was confirmed by FTIR and DSC technique. KLVFD-Cur-ME was characterized for the drug content, globule size, zeta potential, and pH. A transparent and homogeneous KLVFF-Cur-ME is achieved with a drug content of 80.25% and a globule size of 76.1 ± 2.5 nm. The pH of KLVFF-Cur-ME is 5.33 ± 0.02, indicating non-irritation to nasal tissues. KLVFD-Cur-ME does not show nasal ciliotoxicity. An ex vivo diffusion study revealed that KLVFF-Cur-ME partitions the porcine nasal mucosa through diffusion, following the Higuchi model. This investigation demonstrates the successful synthesis of a bifunctional KLVFF-Cur-ME as a novel prototype to deliver anti-Aβ aggregation via an intranasal administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rungsinee Phongpradist
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Analytical Science and Technology for Biodiversity-Based Economic and Society (I-ANALY-S-T_B.BES-CMU), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wisanu Thongchai
- Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Phitsanuloke 65000, Thailand;
| | - Kriangkrai Thongkorn
- Department of Companion Animals and Wildlife Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
| | - Suree Lekawanvijit
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Chuda Chittasupho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
An Overview of Nanotechnologies for Drug Delivery to the Brain. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020224. [PMID: 35213957 PMCID: PMC8875260 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery to the brain has been one of the toughest challenges researchers have faced to develop effective treatments for brain diseases. Owing to the blood–brain barrier (BBB), only a small portion of administered drug can reach the brain. A consequence of that is the need to administer a higher dose of the drug, which, expectedly, leads to a variety of unwanted side effects. Research in a variety of different fields has been underway for the past couple of decades to address this very serious and frequently lethal problem. One area of research that has produced optimistic results in recent years is nanomedicine. Nanomedicine is the science birthed by fusing the fields of nanotechnology, chemistry and medicine into one. Many different types of nanomedicine-based drug-delivery systems are currently being studied for the sole purpose of improved drug delivery to the brain. This review puts together and briefly summarizes some of the major breakthroughs in this crusade. Inorganic nanoparticle-based drug-delivery systems, such as gold nanoparticles and magnetic nanoparticles, are discussed, as well as some organic nanoparticulate systems. Amongst the organic drug-delivery nanosystems, polymeric micelles and dendrimers are discussed briefly and solid polymeric nanoparticles are explored in detail.
Collapse
|
9
|
Goel H, Kalra V, Verma SK, Dubey SK, Tiwary AK. Convolutions in the rendition of nose to brain therapeutics from bench to bedside: Feats & fallacies. J Control Release 2021; 341:782-811. [PMID: 34906605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Brain, a subtle organ of multifarious nature presents plethora of physiological, metabolic and bio-chemical convolutions that impede the delivery of biomolecules and thereby resulting in truncated therapeutic outcome in pathological conditions of central nervous system (CNS). The absolute bottleneck in the therapeutic management of such devastating CNS ailments is the BBB. Another pitfall is the lack of efficient technological platforms (due to high cost and low approval rates) as well as limited clinical trials (due to failures of neuro‑leads in late-stage pipelines) for CNS disorders which has become a literal brain drain with poorest success rates compared to other therapeutic areas, owing to time consuming processes, tremendous convolutions and conceivable adverse effects. With the advent of intranasal delivery (via direct N2B or indirect nose to blood to brain), several novel drug delivery carriers viz. unmodified or surface modified nanoparticle based carriers, lipid based colloidal nanocarriers and drysolid/liquid/semisolid nanoformulations or delivery platforms have been designed as a means to deliver therapeutic agents (small and large molecules, peptides and proteins, genes) to brain, bypassing BBB for disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), epilepsy, schizophrenia and CNS malignancies primarily glioblastomas. Intranasal application offers drug delivery through both direct and indirect pathways for the peripherally administered psychopharmacological agents to CNS. This route could also be exploited for the repurposing of conventional drugs for new therapeutic uses. The limited clinical translation of intranasal formulations has been primarily due to existence of barriers of mucociliary clearance in the nasal cavity, enzyme degradation and low permeability of the nasal epithelium. The present review literature aims to decipher the new paradigms of nano therapeutic systems employed for specific N2B drug delivery of CNS drugs through in silico complexation studies using rationally chosen mucoadhesive polymers (exhibiting unique physicochemical properties of nanocarrier's i.e. surface modification, prolonging retention time in the nasal cavity, improving penetration ability, and promoting brain specific delivery with biorecognitive ligands) via molecular docking simulations. Further, the review intends to delineate the feats and fallacies associated with N2B delivery approaches by understanding the physiological/anatomical considerations via decoding the intranasal drug delivery pathways or critical factors such as rationale and mechanism of excipients, affecting the permeability of CNS drugs through nasal mucosa as well as better efficacy in terms of brain targeting, brain bioavailability and time to reach the brain. Additionally, extensive emphasis has also been laid on the innovative formulations under preclinical investigation along with their assessment by means of in vitro /ex vivo/in vivo N2B models and current characterization techniques predisposing an efficient intranasal delivery of therapeutics. A critical appraisal of novel technologies, intranasal products or medical devices available commercially has also been presented. Finally, it could be warranted that more reminiscent pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships or validated computational models are mandated to obtain effective screening of molecular architecture of drug-polymer-mucin complexes for clinical translation of N2B therapeutic systems from bench to bedside.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honey Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India.
| | - Vinni Kalra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Sant Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | | | - Ashok Kumar Tiwary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Emad NA, Ahmed B, Alhalmi A, Alzobaidi N, Al-Kubati SS. Recent progress in nanocarriers for direct nose to brain drug delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
11
|
Brain-targeted drug delivery assisted by physical techniques and its potential applications in traditional Chinese medicine. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
|
12
|
Shah B. Microemulsion as a promising carrier for nose to brain delivery: journey since last decade. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-021-00528-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
13
|
Microemulsion-Based Media in Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020201. [PMID: 33540856 PMCID: PMC7912993 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nose-to-brain drug delivery has recently attracted enormous attention as an alternative to other delivery routes, including the most popular oral one. Due to the unique anatomical features of the nasal cavity, drugs administered intranasally can be delivered directly to the central nervous system. The most important advantage of this approach is the ability to avoid the blood-brain barrier surrounding the brain and blocking the entry of exogenous substances to the central nervous system. Moreover, selective brain targeting could possibly avoid peripheral side effects of pharmacotherapy. The challenges associated with nose-to-brain drug delivery are mostly due to the small volume of the nasal cavity and insufficient drug absorption from nasal mucosa. These issues could be minimized by using a properly designed drug carrier. Microemulsions as potential drug delivery systems offer good solubilizing properties and the ability to enhance drug permeation through biological membranes. The aim of this review is to summarize the current status of the research focused on microemulsion-based systems for nose-to-brain delivery with special attention to the most extensively investigated neurological and psychiatric conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, and schizophrenia.
Collapse
|
14
|
Boddu SHS, Kumari S. Design and In Vitro Evaluation of Intranasal Diazepam for Treating Acute Repetitive Seizures: a Technical Note. J Pharm Innov 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-020-09519-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
15
|
Deshkar SS, Jadhav MS, Shirolkar SV. Development of Carbamazepine Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Loaded Thermosensitive Gel for Intranasal Delivery. Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 11:150-162. [PMID: 33747862 PMCID: PMC7961220 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2021.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The present research work was designed to formulate and evaluate carbamazepine (CBZ) loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) based in-situ gel for nasal delivery. Methods: The NLC formulation of CBZ was prepared by microemulsion technique followed by probe sonication and evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug diffusion. NLC formulation was incorporated into in-situ gelling formulation using poloxamer 407 (P407), poloxamer 188 (P188) and mucoadhesive polymer. The effect of concentration of poloxamer 188 (X1 ), type of mucoadhesive polymer (X2 ) and concentration of mucoadhesive polymer (X3 ) on gelling temperature (Y1 ) and drug diffusion after 8 h (Y2 ) was studied using Box-Behnken design. In vivo anticonvulsant activity of optimized formulation was studied in Wistar rats by maximal electro-convulsion model (MES). Results: The optimized CBZ NLC formulation, with 20% drug loading, 0.5:1 as Precirol:Capmul MCM ratio as lipid phase and 1:3 as Lipid:Smix ratio, resulted in 89.73±0.2% drug entrapment, 55.95±1.09% of drug diffusion after 8 h, particle size of 132.8 nm with polydispersity index of 0.302 and zeta potential of -29.2±6.1 mV. The in-situ gel formulation with 20% P407, 5% P188 and 0.2% chitosan was optimized and demonstrated excellent gelling ability, gelling temperature in the range of 30 to 35°C, 42.46% of drug diffusion in 8 h by Fickian diffusion mechanism and 31.34±0.76% of drug permeation through sheep nasal mucosa. In vitro anticonvulsant activity in MES model in rat demonstrated significant efficacy (71.95% protection against seizure in extension phase) as compared to plain in-situ nasal gel (50.26% protection against seizure in extension phase). Conclusion: NLC based in-situ gelling formulation demonstrated its potential for nasal delivery of CBZ with improved anticonvulsant activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeevani Shekhar Deshkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, India - 411018
| | - Monali Shivaji Jadhav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, India - 411018
| | - Satish Vasudeo Shirolkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, India - 411018
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ibrahim AB, Shamsel-Din HA, Hussein AS, Salem MA. Brain-targeting by optimized 99mTc-olanzapine: in vivo and in silico studies. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:1017-1027. [PMID: 32338554 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1761568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Olanzapine (OLZ) is an atypical antipsychotic agent that is characterized by low brain porousness. The present work aimed to develop radiolabeled olanzapine (OLZ) without colloidal impurities and evaluate its biodistribution following intravenous (I.V.) and intranasal (I.N.) administration as a potential agent for brain diagnosis. Materials and methods: OLZ was radiolabeled with technetium-99m by using sodium dithionite as the reducing agent. Biodistribution of 99mTc-OLZ complex in mice following I.V. and I.N. administrations was examined. Furthermore, a molecular docking study was performed.Results: Sodium dithionite labeling procedure resulted in highest radiochemical yield (96.30 ± 0.09%) and in vitro stability in serum up to 8 h. Biodistribution study of 99mTc-OLZ complex showed high brain uptake following I.N. (6.2 ± 0.12% ID/g) and I.V. (5.5 ± 0.09% ID/g) at 0.5 and 1 h post administration (P.I.), respectively. Docking into two brain targets predicts higher affinity of 99mTc-OLZ than free OLZ. Additionally, docking to P-glycoproteins shows less affinity for the radiolabelled OLZ and hence it is expected to be associated with better brain exposure than free OLZ.Conclusion: These chemical and preliminary biological merits strongly suggest that the 99mTc-OLZ complex with new reducing agent could be used as a potential diagnostic agent for brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed B Ibrahim
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Labs Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham A Shamsel-Din
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Labs Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A Samir Hussein
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University of Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - M Alaraby Salem
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University of Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Patel MR, Patel RB, Thakore SD, Solanki AB. Brain targeted delivery of lurasidone HCl via nasal administration of mucoadhesive nanoemulsion formulation for the potential management of schizophrenia. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 25:1018-1030. [PMID: 32432956 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1772292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This investigation aimed to design, develop, and optimize intranasal nanoemulsion for brain targeted delivery of lurasidone hydrochloride for the management and treatment of schizophrenia. The design of experiment supported optimization of high-pressure homogenization (HPH) process was executed for the manufacturing of lurasidone loaded nanoemulsion. The nanoemulsion comprising of lurasidone hydrochloride (10 mg/mL), 20% Oilmix, 25% surfactant and, 55% aqueous phase (w/w) was processed with HPH at optimized conditions to get droplet size in the nano range. The droplet size of optimized nanoemulsion was found to be 48.07 ± 3.29 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.31 ± 0.01. The optimized translucent nanoemulsion (% transmittance of 88.56 ± 2.47) was found to be non-toxic to sheep nasal mucosa and stable for six months. The results of ex vivo diffusion study revealed the improvement in drug diffused by mucoadhesive nanoemulsion (MLNE) (1.41 × 10-4 ± 1.11 × 10-5 cm2/min) as compared to the solution (1.15 × 10-4 ± 1.35 × 10-5 cm2/min). The results of pharmacodynamic studies in mice uncover the highest inhibition of compulsive behavior (64.63%) and spontaneous locomotor activity (60.87%) shown by MLNE. This may be due to increased bioavailability in a brain, and possibly confirms the potential of nanoemulsion in targeting the brain through nasal route in the treatment of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mrunali R Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat, India
| | - Rashmin B Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Ajay B Solanki
- A. R. College of Pharmacy & G. H. Patel Institute of Pharmacy, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Elbardisy B, Galal S, Abdelmonsif DA, Boraie N. Intranasal Tadalafil nanoemulsions: formulation, characterization and pharmacodynamic evaluation. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 24:1083-1094. [PMID: 31215307 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1631846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aims at improving the bioavailability of a poorly soluble phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor; tadalafil (TD) via developing intranasal (IN) nanoemulsions (NEs). Optimum NE ingredients were selected based on solubility studies, emulsification tests, and phase diagram construction. Both o/w and w/o NEs were selected based on their drug loading capacity. Optimum formulations were subjected to physicochemical characterization and were assessed for nasal toxicity through biochemical analysis of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and caspase-3 in rat nasal tissues. Pharmacodynamic study was performed via biochemical analysis of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in rat penis 2-h post-treatment and compared with oral suspension of Cialis® tablets. Optimum o/w and w/o NEs were successfully prepared using different ratios of Capmul-MCM-EP, Labrasol:Transcutol-HP (1:1) and water. Optimized formulations exhibited more than 4000-fold increase in TD solubility compared with its aqueous solubility. Both formulations were optically isotropic with the majority of globules in the nanometric-size range. Nasal toxicity study revealed no significant difference in values of TNF-α and caspase-3 between the NE-treated groups and the control group. Both TD-NEs succeeded to achieve a significant enhancement in cGMP levels. Our findings suggested that IN administration of the developed TD-NEs could provide a safe and effective alternative to TD oral delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bassant Elbardisy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University , Alexandria , Egypt
| | - Sally Galal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University , Alexandria , Egypt
| | - Doaa A Abdelmonsif
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University , Alexandria , Egypt
| | - Nabila Boraie
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University , Alexandria , Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chatterjee B, Gorain B, Mohananaidu K, Sengupta P, Mandal UK, Choudhury H. Targeted drug delivery to the brain via intranasal nanoemulsion: Available proof of concept and existing challenges. Int J Pharm 2019; 565:258-268. [PMID: 31095983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intranasal delivery has shown to circumvent blood-brain-barrier (BBB) and deliver the drugs into the CNS at a higher rate and extent than other conventional routes. The mechanism of drug transport from nose-to-brain is not fully understood yet, but several neuronal pathways are considered to be involved. Intranasal nanoemulsion for brain targeting is investigated extensively. Higher brain distribution of drug after administering intranasal nanoemulsion was established by many researchers. Issues with nasomucosal clearance are solved by formulating modified nanoemulsion; for instance, mucoadhesive nanoemulsion or in situ nanoemulgel. However, no intranasal nanoemulsion for brain targeted drug delivery has been able to cross the way from 'benches to bed-side' of patients. Possibilities of toxicity by repeated administration, irregular nasal absorption during the diseased condition, use of a high amount of surfactants are few of the persisting challenges that need to overcome in coming days. Understanding the ways how current developments has solved some challenges is necessary. At the same time, the future direction of the research on intranasal nanoemulsion should be figured out based on existing challenges. This review is focused on the current developments of intranasal nanoemulsion with special emphasis on the existing challenges that would help to set future research direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bappaditya Chatterjee
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia.
| | - Bapi Gorain
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Keithanchali Mohananaidu
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382355, India.
| | - Uttam Kumar Mandal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University (MRSPTU), Bathinda, India.
| | - Hira Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Musumeci T, Bonaccorso A, Puglisi G. Epilepsy Disease and Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Polymeric Nanoparticles: An Overview. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E118. [PMID: 30871237 PMCID: PMC6471219 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11030118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is the fourth most common global neurological problem, which can be considered a spectrum disorder because of its various causes, seizure types, its ability to vary in severity and the impact from person to person, as well as its range of co-existing conditions. The approaches to drug therapy of epilepsy are directed at the control of symptoms by chronic administration of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). These AEDs are administered orally or intravenously but alternative routes of administration are needed to overcome some important limits. Intranasal (IN) administration represents an attractive route because it is possible to reach the brain bypassing the blood brain barrier while the drug avoids first-pass metabolism. It is possible to obtain an increase in patient compliance for the easy and non-invasive route of administration. This route, however, has some drawbacks such as mucociliary clearance and the small volume that can be administered, in fact, only drugs that are efficacious at low doses can be considered. The drug also needs excellent aqueous solubility or must be able to be formulated using solubilizing agents. The use of nanomedicine formulations able to encapsulate active molecules represents a good strategy to overcome several limitations of this route and of conventional drugs. The aim of this review is to discuss the innovative application of nanomedicine for epilepsy treatment using nose-to-brain delivery with particular attention focused on polymeric nanoparticles to load drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Musumeci
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania; V.le Andrea Doria, 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Angela Bonaccorso
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania; V.le Andrea Doria, 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Puglisi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania; V.le Andrea Doria, 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nose-to-brain delivery of lipid-based nanosystems for epileptic seizures and anxiety crisis. J Control Release 2019; 295:187-200. [PMID: 30610952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Epileptic seizures and anxiety crisis are severe conditions that require fast and effective treatment, targeting the brain. Current emergency antiepiletics and anxiolytics have limited brain bioavailability, following oral, intravenous or rectal administration. This relates with the limited extent at which these drugs bypass the blood brain barrier (BBB). Thereby, the development of strategies that significantly improve the brain bioavailability of these drugs, along with a simple and safe administration by patients, attenuating and/or preventing epileptic seizures or anxiety crisis, are still a major need. In this respect, the nasal/intranasal route has been suggested as a promising strategy for drug targeting to the brain, thus avoiding the BBB. Besides, the use of lipid-based nanosystems, such as solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), liposomes, nanoemulsions and microemulsions, have been demonstrating high efficiency for nose-to-brain transport. This review highlights the potential of using lipid-based nanosystems in the management of epilepsy and anxiety, by means of the nasal/intranasal route. So far, the reported studies have shown promising results, being required more in vivo experiments to further advance for clinical trials. Furthermore, toxicological concerns related to the need of evaluate the impairment on the mucociliary clearance mechanism have been pointed.
Collapse
|
22
|
He Q, Liu J, Liang J, Liu X, Li W, Liu Z, Ding Z, Tuo D. Towards Improvements for Penetrating the Blood-Brain Barrier-Recent Progress from a Material and Pharmaceutical Perspective. Cells 2018; 7:cells7040024. [PMID: 29570659 PMCID: PMC5946101 DOI: 10.3390/cells7040024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a critical biological structure that prevents damage to the brain and maintains its bathing microenvironment. However, this barrier is also the obstacle to deliver beneficial drugs to treat CNS (central nervous system) diseases. Many efforts have been made for improvement of delivering drugs across the BBB in recent years to treat CNS diseases. In this review, the anatomical and functional structure of the BBB is comprehensively discussed. The mechanisms of BBB penetration are summarized, and the methods and effects on increasing BBB permeability are investigated in detail. It also elaborates on the physical, chemical, biological and nanocarrier aspects to improve drug delivery penetration to the brain and introduces some specific drug delivery effects on BBB permeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quanguo He
- School of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China.
| | - Jing Liang
- School of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Liu
- School of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China.
| | - Wen Li
- School of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China.
| | - Zhi Liu
- School of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China.
| | - Ziyu Ding
- School of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China.
| | - Du Tuo
- School of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Feng Y, He H, Li F, Lu Y, Qi J, Wu W. An update on the role of nanovehicles in nose-to-brain drug delivery. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1079-1088. [PMID: 29330120 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A quantitative analysis has cast doubt over the limited advantages provided by particles for nose-to-brain (NTB) drug delivery. Thus, it is imperative to identify the role of nanovehicles in NTB drug delivery. If nanocarriers are used merely as an option to improve various properties of the drugs or the formulations, it is difficult for them to outperform conventional formulations, such as solutions or gels. However, nanovehicles bring about special features, such as maintenance of the solubilized state of drugs, sustained or delayed release, and enhanced penetration because of surface modifications, all of which lead to enhanced NTB delivery efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhai Feng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Dahua Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haisheng He
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengqian Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Dahua Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Qi
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pires PC, Santos AO. Nanosystems in nose-to-brain drug delivery: A review of non-clinical brain targeting studies. J Control Release 2017; 270:89-100. [PMID: 29199063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders remains a challenge in medical research. Several strategies have been developed over the years, either to overcome the blood-brain barrier or to achieve a safer or faster brain delivery, one of them being intranasal (IN) administration. The possibility of direct nose-to-brain transport offers enhanced targeting and reduced systemic side effects. Nevertheless, labile, low soluble, low permeant and/or less potent drugs might need a formulation other than the common solutions or suspensions. For that, the formulation of nanosystems is considered to be a promising approach, since it can protect drugs from chemical and/or metabolic degradation, enhance their solubility, or offer transport through biological membranes. However, the understanding of the factors promoting efficient brain targeting when using nanosystems through the nasal route is currently patchy and incomplete. The main purpose of the present review was to evaluate the association between brain delivery efficacy (in terms of brain targeting, brain bioavailability and time to reach the brain) and nanosystem type. For that, we performed a systematic bibliographic search and analysis. Furthermore, study designs, nanosystem properties, and reporting quality were also analyzed and discussed. It was found a high heterogeneity in how pre-clinical brain targeting studies have been conducted, analyzed and reported in scientific literature, which surely originates a significant degree of bias and data dispersion. This review attempts to provide some systematization recommendations, which may be useful for researchers entering the field, and assist in increasing the uniformity of future reports. The analysis of literature data confirmed that there is evidence of the advantage of the IN route (when compared to the intravenous route) and in using carrier nanosystems (when compared to IN solutions) for brain delivery of a large set of drugs. Among the most represented nanosystem classes, microemulsions had some of the lowest pharmacokinetic ratios values, while polymeric micelles had some of the best. Nevertheless, brain targeting efficacy comparisons between nanosystem groups had little statistical significance, and the superiority of the polymeric micelles group disappeared when nanosystems were compared to the respective IN drug solutions. In fact, some drugs reached the brain so efficiently, even as drug solutions, that further benefit from formulating them into nanosystems became less evident.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia C Pires
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Adriana O Santos
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Intranasal administration of carbamazepine-loaded carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles for drug delivery to the brain. Asian J Pharm Sci 2017; 13:72-81. [PMID: 32104380 PMCID: PMC7032105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is considered as a common and diverse set of chronic neurological disorders and its symptoms can be controlled by antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The presence of p-glycoprotein and multi-drug resistance transporters in the blood-brain barrier could prevent the entry of AEDs into the brain, causing drug resistant epilepsy. To overcome this problem, we propose using carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles as a carrier to deliver carbamazepine (CBZ) intra-nasally with the purpose to bypass the blood-brain barrier thus to enhance the brain drug concentration and the treatment efficacy. Results so far indicate that the developed CBZ-NPs have small particle size (218.76 ± 2.41 nm) with high drug loading (around 35%) and high entrapment efficiency (around 80%). The in vitro release profiles of CBZ from the NPs are in accordance with the Korsmeyer-peppas model. The in vivo results show that both encapsulation of CBZ in nanoparticles and the nasal route determined the enhancement of the drug bioavailability and brain targeting characteristics.
Collapse
|
26
|
Guo X, Zheng H, Guo Y, Wang Y, Anderson GJ, Ci Y, Yu P, Geng L, Chang YZ. Nasal delivery of nanoliposome-encapsulated ferric ammonium citrate can increase the iron content of rat brain. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:42. [PMID: 28578696 PMCID: PMC5457662 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0277-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron deficiency in children can have significant neurological consequences, and iron supplementation is an effective treatment of choice. However, traditional routes of iron supplementation do not allow efficient iron delivery to the brain due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier. So an easily delivered iron formulation with high absorption efficiency potentially could find widespread application in iron deficient infants. RESULTS In this study, we have developed and characterized a nanovesicular formulation of ferric ammonium citrate (ferric ammonium citrate nanoliposomes, FAC-LIP) and have shown that it can increase brain iron levels in rats following nasal administration. FAC was incorporated into liposomes with high efficiency (97%) and the liposomes were small (40 nm) and stable. Following intranasal delivery in rats, FAC-LIP significantly increased the iron content in the olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, striatum, cerebellum and hippocampus, and was more efficient at doing so than FAC alone. No signs of apoptosis or abnormal cell morphology were observed in the brain following FAC-LIP administration, and there were no significant changes in the levels of SOD and MDA, except in the cerebellum and hippocampus. No obvious morphological changes were observed in lung epithelial cells or tracheal mucosa after nasal delivery, suggesting that the formulation was not overtly toxic. CONCLUSIONS In this study, nanoscale FAC-LIP proved an effective system delivering iron to the brain, with high encapsulation efficiency and low toxicity in rats. Our studies provide the foundation for more detailed investigations into the applications of niosomal nasal delivery of liposomal formulations of iron as a simple and safe therapy for iron deficiency anemia. Graphical abstract The diagrammatic sketch of "Nasal delivery of nanoliposome-encapsulated ferric ammonium citrate can increase the iron content of rat brain". Nanoliposome-encapsulated ferric ammonium citrate (FAC-LIP) was successfully prepared and intranasal administration of FAC-LIP increased both the total iron contents and iron storage protein (FTL) expression in rat olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, striatum and hippocampus, compared with those of FAC groups. Moreover, there was not overtly toxic affects to brain, lung epithelial cells and tracheal mucosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.,College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, 20, Nanerhuan Eastern Road, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Yuetong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Gregory J Anderson
- Iron Metabolism Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, PO Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yunzhe Ci
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China. .,Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 20, Nanerhuan Eastern Road, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China.
| | - Lina Geng
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, 20, Nanerhuan Eastern Road, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China.
| | - Yan-Zhong Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China. .,Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 20, Nanerhuan Eastern Road, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ahmad E, Feng Y, Qi J, Fan W, Ma Y, He H, Xia F, Dong X, Zhao W, Lu Y, Wu W. Evidence of nose-to-brain delivery of nanoemulsions: cargoes but not vehicles. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:1174-1183. [PMID: 28009915 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr07581a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The nose-to-brain pathway has been proven to be a shortcut for direct drug delivery to the brain. However, whether and to what extent nanoparticles can be delivered through this passage is still awaiting validation with evidence. In this study, nose-to-brain transportation of nanoparticles is tracked via fluorescence bioimaging strategies using nanoemulsions (NEs) as model carriers. Identification of NEs in biological tissues is based on the on → off signal switching of a new type of environment-responsive embedded dyes, P2 and P4, and two conventional probes, DiR and coumarin-6 (C6), are embedded to represent the cargoes. Evidence for the translocation of NEs was collected either via live imaging or ex vivo histological examination in rats after nasal administration. Results suggest that NEs with a particle size of about 100 nm, either naked or coated with chitosan, have longer retention duration in nostrils and slower mucociliary clearance than larger ones. P2 signals, representing integral NEs, can be found in mucosa and trigeminal nerves for all size groups, whereas only weak P2 signals are detected in the olfactory bulb for chitosan-coated NEs of 100 nm. Confocal microscopy further confirms the translocation of integral 100 nm NEs in nasal mucosa and along the trigeminal nerve in decremental intensity. Weak signals of the P4 probe, also representing integral NEs, can be detected in the olfactory bulb but few in the brain. NEs as large as 900 nm cannot be transported to the olfactory bulb. However, the DiR or C6 signals that represent the cargoes can be found in significant amounts along the nose-to-brain pathway and finally reach the brain. Evidence shows that integral NEs can be delivered to the olfactory bulb, but few to the brain, whereas the cargoes can be released and permeated into the brain in greater amounts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ejaj Ahmad
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yunhai Feng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Dahua Hospital, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jianping Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wufa Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yuhua Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Haisheng He
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Fei Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiaochun Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Weili Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China. and Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yi Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|