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D'Mello K, Chan GCK, Hall W, Rychert M, Wilkins C, Hammond D. Use of flavored cannabis vaping products in the US, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand: findings from the international cannabis policy study wave 4 (2021). THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2023; 49:640-651. [PMID: 37624645 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2023.2238116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Background: Vaping is an increasingly popular mode of cannabis use. Few studies have characterized the role of flavors in cannabis e-liquids.Objectives: To explore the prevalence of flavored vaping liquids, including differences between countries and correlates of use.Methods: Data were from Wave 4 (2021) of the International Cannabis Policy Study with national samples aged 16-65 in Canada, the United States (US), Australia, and New Zealand. The sample comprised 52,938 respondents, including 6,265 who vaped cannabis e-liquids in the past 12-months (2,858 females, 3,407 males). Logistic regression models examined differences in the use of flavored e-liquids between countries and sociodemographic characteristics.Results: The prevalence of vaping cannabis e-liquids was highest in the US (15.3%) and Canada (10.7%) compared to Australia (4.0%) and New Zealand (3.7%). Among past 12-month cannabis consumers, 57.5% reported using flavored vaping liquids, 34.2% used unflavored vaping products and 8.3% did not know. People who vape in Australia were most likely to report using flavored liquids compared to New Zealand (OR = 2.29), Canada (OR = 3.14), and the US (OR = 3.14) (p < .05 for all). Fruit was the most reported vaping flavor (40.8%), followed by candy/dessert (20.4%) and vanilla (15.2%). Use of flavored vapes was greater among younger, ethnic minorities, female, higher education and income adequacy, and more frequent consumers (p < .05).Conclusion: Many cannabis consumers reported using flavored e-liquids, with highest levels among young people aged 16-35. Given the high prevalence of vaping in legal markets, regulators should consider the role of flavored vaping products in promoting cannabis use among this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly D'Mello
- School of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary C K Chan
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wayne Hall
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marta Rychert
- SHORE & Whariki Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chris Wilkins
- SHORE & Whariki Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Noel JK, Rosenthal SR, Sammartino CJ. Exposure to Alcohol Marketing and Alcohol-Related Consequences in Young Adults. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:1156-1159. [PMID: 35422191 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2063894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to alcohol marketing is positively associated with alcohol consumption. However, few research studies have tested alcohol marketing's effect on other alcohol-related outcomes. Consequently, the current study sought to identify associations between exposure to alcohol marketing and alcohol-related consequences in young adults. Methods: A secondary analysis of the 2020 Rhode Island Young Adult Survey was conducted. Participants were lifetime drinkers (n = 390) who were 18 to 25 years old and lived in Rhode Island for at least part of 2020. Past 30 day exposure to 6 forms of alcohol marketing was assessed. Alcohol consequences were measured using 8 items from the Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire. Logistic regression models were adjusted for AUDIT score, age, race/ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, employment status, and enrollment in school. Results: 92.3% of participants reported past 30 days exposure to any form of alcohol marketing. 43.6% of participants reported experiencing any alcohol-related consequence. Exposure to any form of alcohol marketing was positively associated with experiencing alcohol-related consequences (OR[95% CI] = 3.35 [1.19, 9.44]). After disaggregation by marketing type, only television exposure remained significantly associated with alcohol-related consequences (OR[95% CI] = 1.85 [1.06, 3.24]). Conclusions: Exposure to alcohol advertising on television may be positively associated with experiencing negative alcohol consequences in young adults. If confirmed, the findings may renew interest in strengthening alcohol marketing guidelines and regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K Noel
- Department of Health Science, College of Health & Wellness, Johnson & Wales University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Samantha R Rosenthal
- Department of Health Science, College of Health & Wellness, Johnson & Wales University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Cara J Sammartino
- Department of Health Science, College of Health & Wellness, Johnson & Wales University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Bowen MT, George O, Muskiewicz DE, Hall FS. FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE ESCALATION OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 132:730-756. [PMID: 34839930 PMCID: PMC8892842 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding factors that contribute to the escalation of alcohol consumption is key to understanding how an individual transitions from non/social drinking to AUD and to providing better treatment. In this review, we discuss how the way ethanol is consumed as well as individual and environmental factors contribute to the escalation of ethanol consumption from intermittent low levels to consistently high levels. Moreover, we discuss how these factors are modelled in animals. It is clear a vast array of complex, interacting factors influence changes in alcohol consumption. Some of these factors act early in the acquisition of ethanol consumption and initial escalation, while others contribute to escalation of ethanol consumption at a later stage and are involved in the development of alcohol dependence. There is considerable need for more studies examining escalation associated with the formation of dependence and other hallmark features of AUD, especially studies examining mechanisms, as it is of considerable relevance to understanding and treating AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Bowen
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia,The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia,Corresponding Author: Michael T. Bowen, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett Street, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia,
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dawn E. Muskiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacology and Pharmacological Science, University of Toledo, OH, USA
| | - F. Scott Hall
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacology and Pharmacological Science, University of Toledo, OH, USA
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Rossheim ME, Greene KM, Yurasek AM, Barry AE, Gonzalez-Pons KM, Trangenstein PJ, Cavazos T, Nelson C, Treffers RD, Thombs DL, Jernigan DH. Underage drinkers’ first experience consuming a popular brand of supersized alcopop. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2019; 46:421-429. [DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2019.1653316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E. Rossheim
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Kaylin M. Greene
- Department of Sociology & Anthropology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Ali M. Yurasek
- Department of Health Education & Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Adam E. Barry
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Tammy Cavazos
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Candace Nelson
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Ryan D. Treffers
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Dennis L. Thombs
- School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - David H. Jernigan
- Department of Health Law, Policy & Management, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Naimi TS, Ross CS, Siegel MB, DeJong W, Jernigan DH. Amount of Televised Alcohol Advertising Exposure and the Quantity of Alcohol Consumed by Youth. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2017; 77:723-9. [PMID: 27588530 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2016.77.723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although studies demonstrate that exposure to brand-specific alcohol advertising is associated with an increased likelihood of youth consuming particular brands, the relationship between quantity of brand-specific advertising exposure and quantity of brand-specific consumption has not been firmly established. METHOD Using the Alcohol Brand Research Among Underage Drinkers (ABRAND) national sample of 1,031 young drinkers (ages 13-20), this study examined the relationship between their aggregated past-year exposure to advertising (in adstock units, a measure based on gross rating points) for 61 alcohol brands that advertised on the 20 most popular nonsports television programs viewed by underage youth and their aggregated total consumption of those same brands during the past 30 days. Predictive models adjusted for other media exposure, predictors of youth's alcohol consumption, and the consumption of brands not advertised on the 20 shows. RESULTS For the fully adjusted models, each 100 adstock unit increase in exposure (about 1 SD) was associated with an increase of 5.9 drinks (95% CI [0.9, 11.0 drinks]) consumed during the past 30 days among those with less than 300 units of advertising exposure, and an increase of 55.7 drinks (95% CI [13.9, 97.4 drinks]) among those with 300 or more adstock units of exposure. CONCLUSIONS Among underage youth, the quantity of brand-specific advertising exposure is positively associated with the total quantity of consumption of those advertised brands, even after controlling for the consumption of non-advertised brands. Future research should examine exposure-consumption relationships longitudinally and in other media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Naimi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Michael B Siegel
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William DeJong
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David H Jernigan
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Roberts SP, Siegel MB, DeJong W, Ross CS, Naimi T, Albers A, Skeer M, Rosenbloom DL, Jernigan DH. Brands matter: Major findings from the Alcohol Brand Research Among Underage Drinkers (ABRAND) project. ADDICTION RESEARCH & THEORY 2015; 24:32-39. [PMID: 27034628 PMCID: PMC4809540 DOI: 10.3109/16066359.2015.1051039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol research focused on underage drinkers has not comprehensively assessed the landscape of brand-level drinking behaviors among youth. This information is needed to profile youth alcohol use accurately, explore its antecedents, and develop appropriate interventions. METHODS We collected national data on the alcohol brand-level consumption of underage drinkers in the United States and then examined the association between those preferences and several factors including youth exposure to brand-specific alcohol advertising, corporate sponsorships, popular music lyrics, and social networking sites, and alcohol pricing. This paper summarizes our findings, plus the results of other published studies on alcohol branding and youth drinking. RESULTS Our findings revealed several interesting facts regarding youth drinking. For example, we found that: 1) youth are not drinking the cheapest alcohol brands; 2) youth brand preferences differ from those of adult drinkers; 3) underage drinkers are not opportunistic in their alcohol consumption, but instead consume a very specific set of brands; 4) the brands that youth are heavily exposed to in magazines and television advertising correspond to the brands they most often report consuming; and 5) youth consume more of the alcohol brands to whose advertising they are most heavily exposed. CONCLUSION The findings presented here suggests that brand-level alcohol research will provide important insight into youth drinking behaviors, the factors that contribute to youth alcohol consumption, and potential avenues for effective public health surveillance and programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah P. Roberts
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, 801 Massachusetts Ave., Boston MA 02118
| | - Michael B. Siegel
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, 801 Massachusetts Ave., Boston MA 02118
| | - William DeJong
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, 801 Massachusetts Ave., Boston MA 02118
| | | | - Timothy Naimi
- Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Community Health Sciences and Section of General Internal Medicine, 801 Massachusetts Ave., Boston MA 02118
| | - Alison Albers
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, 801 Massachusetts Ave., Boston MA 02118
| | - Margie Skeer
- Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston MA 02111
| | - David L. Rosenbloom
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, 715 Albany Street, Boston MA 02118
| | - David H. Jernigan
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society and Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205
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