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Paul PK, Nakpheng T, Paliwal H, Prem Ananth K, Srichana T. Inhalable solid lipid nanoparticles of levofloxacin for potential tuberculosis treatment. Int J Pharm 2024; 660:124309. [PMID: 38848797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Delivering novel antimycobacterial agents through the pulmonary route using nanoparticle-based systems shows promise for treating diseases like tuberculosis. However, creating dry powder inhaler (DPI) with suitable aerodynamic characteristics while preserving nanostructure integrity and maintaining bioactivity until the active ingredient travels deeply into the lungs is a difficult challenge. We developed DPI formulations containing levofloxacin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) via spray-drying technique with tailored aerosolization characteristics for effective inhalation therapy. A range of biophysical techniques, including transmission electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to measure the morphologies and sizes of the spray-dried microparticles that explored both the geometric and aerodynamic properties. Spray drying substantially reduced the particle sizes of the SLNs while preserving their nanostructural integrity and enhancing aerosol dispersion with efficient mucus penetration. Despite a slower uptake rate compared to plain SLNs, the polyethylene glycol modified formulations exhibited enhanced cellular uptake in both A549 and NR8383 cell lines. The percent viability of Mycobacterium bovis had dropped to nearly 0 % by day 5 for both types of SLNs. Interestingly, the levofloxacin-loaded SLNs demonstrated a lower minimum bactericidal concentration (0.25 µg/mL) compared with pure levofloxacin (1 µg/mL), which indicated the formulations have potential as effective treatments for tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pijush Kumar Paul
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Department of Pharmacy, Gono Bishwabidyalay (University), Dhaka 1344, Bangladesh; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut 22200, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Titpawan Nakpheng
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Himanshu Paliwal
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Department of Pharmaceutics, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kopargaon 423603, Maharashtra, India
| | - K Prem Ananth
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Teerapol Srichana
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Saitani EM, Pippa N, Perinelli DR, Forys A, Papakyriakopoulou P, Lagopati N, Bonacucina G, Trzebicka B, Gazouli M, Pispas S, Valsami G. Fabricating Polymer/Surfactant/Cyclodextrin Hybrid Particles for Possible Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Ropinirole Hydrochloride: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1162. [PMID: 38256239 PMCID: PMC10816138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ropinirole is a non-ergolinic dopamine agonist used to manage Parkinson's disease and it is characterized by poor oral bioavailability. This study aimed to design and develop advanced drug delivery systems composed of poloxamer 407, a non-ionic surfactant (Tween 80), and cyclodextrins (methyl-β-CD or hydroxy-propyl-β-CD) for possible brain targeting of ropinirole after nasal administration for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The hybrid systems were formed by the thin-film hydration method, followed by an extensive physicochemical and morphological characterization. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the systems on HEK293 cell lines was also tested. In vitro release and ex vivo mucosal permeation of ropinirole were assessed using Franz cells at 34 °C and with phosphate buffer solution at pH 5.6 in the donor compartment, simulating the conditions of the nasal cavity. The results indicated that the diffusion-controlled drug release exhibited a progressive increase throughout the experiment, while a proof-of-concept experiment on ex vivo permeation through rabbit nasal mucosa revealed a better performance of the prepared hybrid systems in comparison to ropinirole solution. The encouraging results in drug release and mucosal permeation indicate that these hybrid systems can serve as attractive platforms for effective and targeted nose-to-brain delivery of ropinirole with a possible application in Parkinson's disease. Further ex vivo and in vivo studies to support the results of the present work are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmina-Marina Saitani
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Zografou, Greece; (E.-M.S.); (N.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Natassa Pippa
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Zografou, Greece; (E.-M.S.); (N.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Diego Romano Perinelli
- School of Pharmacy, Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP), University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Aleksander Forys
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej St, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (A.F.); (B.T.)
| | - Paraskevi Papakyriakopoulou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Zografou, Greece; (E.-M.S.); (N.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.L.); (M.G.)
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Giulia Bonacucina
- School of Pharmacy, Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP), University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Barbara Trzebicka
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej St, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (A.F.); (B.T.)
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece;
| | - Georgia Valsami
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Zografou, Greece; (E.-M.S.); (N.P.); (P.P.)
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Agha OA, Girgis GN, El-Sokkary MM, Soliman OAEA. Spanlastic-laden in situ gel as a promising approach for ocular delivery of Levofloxacin: In-vitro characterization, microbiological assessment, corneal permeability and in-vivo study. Int J Pharm X 2023; 6:100201. [PMID: 37560488 PMCID: PMC10407905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to encapsulate the antibacterial drug levofloxacin hemihydrate (LF) into spanlastics (SLs) followed by incorporation into gelrite in situ gel to enhance its antibacterial activity and sustain ocular delivery. A combination of Span 60 as main vesicle component and Tweens as an edge activator (EA) was used to prepare SLs using the thin film hydration method. A 32 factorial design was applied to study the effect of formulation variables (ratio of Span 60: EA and type of EA) on SLs characteristics (encapsulation efficiency (EE%), particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP) and percentage of drug released). In-vitro antimicrobial study was conducted to determine the antibacterial activity of the optimized formula. Finally confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was applied to monitor SLs corneal penetration. The optimum formulation (F5), contains 240 mg Span 60 and 60 mg Tween 60 as EA. F5 exhibited EE% = 59.7 ± 4.2%, PS = 177.6 ± 1.8 nm, PDI = 0.27 ± 0.022 and ZP = -40.6 ± 0.68 mV. Furthermore, only 39.37 ± 0.72% of LF amount was released after 4 h compared to complete release from drug solution. The apparent permeation coefficient was (14.7 × 10-3 cm/h) compared to (9.7 × 10-3 cm/h) for LF solution. Moreover, F5 exhibited 200% and 100% increase in the antibacterial efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia Ahmed Agha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Daqahlia 35516, Egypt
| | - Germeen N.S. Girgis
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Daqahlia 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M.A. El-Sokkary
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Daqahlia 35516, Egypt
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Schwebler J, Fey C, Kampik D, Lotz C. Full thickness 3D in vitro conjunctiva model enables goblet cell differentiation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12261. [PMID: 37507439 PMCID: PMC10382544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38927-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro culture and generation of highly specialized goblet cells is still a major challenge in conjunctival 3D in vitro equivalents. A model comprising all physiological factors, including mucus-secreting goblet cells has the potential to act as a new platform for studies on conjunctival diseases. We isolated primary conjunctival epithelial cells and fibroblasts from human biopsies. 3D models were generated from either epithelial layers or a combination of those with a connective tissue equivalent. Epithelial models were investigated for marker expression and barrier function. Full-thickness models were analyzed for goblet cell morphology and marker expression via immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time PCR. Simple epithelial models cultured at the air-liquid interface showed stratified multi-layer epithelia with pathologic keratinization and without goblet cell formation. The combination with a connective tissue equivalent to generate a full-thickness model led to the formation of a non-keratinized stratified multi-layer epithelium and induced goblet cell differentiation. In our model, a high resemblance to natural conjunctiva was achieved by the combination of conjunctival epithelial cells with fibroblasts embedded in a collagen-hydrogel as connective tissue equivalent. In the future, our conjunctival in vitro equivalent enables the investigation of goblet cell differentiation, conjunctival pathologies as well as drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schwebler
- Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christina Fey
- Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Kampik
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Lotz
- Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Würzburg, Germany.
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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Le-Deygen IM, Mamaeva PV, Skuredina AA, Safronova AS, Belogurova NG, Kudryashova EV. Combined System for the Simultaneous Delivery of Levofloxacin and Rifampicin: Structural and Functional Properties and Antibacterial Activity. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:381. [PMID: 37504876 PMCID: PMC10381656 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14070381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapy of resistant forms of tuberculosis requires the simultaneous use of several drugs, in particular, a combination of rifampicin and levofloxacin. In this paper, we aimed to design a combined system for the simultaneous delivery of these drugs for potential inhalation administration. A feature of this system is the incorporation of rifampicin into optimized liposomal vesicles capable of forming a multipoint non-covalent complex with chitosan-β-cyclodextrin conjugates. Levofloxacin is incorporated into cyclodextrin tori by forming a host-guest complex. Here, a comprehensive study of the physicochemical properties of the obtained systems was carried out and special attention was paid to the kinetics of cargo release for individual drugs and in the combined system. The release of levofloxacin in combined system is slow and is described by the Higuchi model in all cases. The release of rifampicin from liposomes during the formation of complexes with polymeric conjugates is characterized by the change of the Higuchi model to the Korsmeyer-Peppas model with the main type of diffusion against Fick's law. Microbiological studies in solid and liquid growth media a consistently high antibacterial activity of the obtained systems was shown against B. subtilis and E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina M Le-Deygen
- Chemical Enzymology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina V Mamaeva
- Chemical Enzymology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Skuredina
- Chemical Enzymology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia S Safronova
- Chemical Enzymology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia G Belogurova
- Chemical Enzymology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V Kudryashova
- Chemical Enzymology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Shastri DH, Silva AC, Almeida H. Ocular Delivery of Therapeutic Proteins: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010205. [PMID: 36678834 PMCID: PMC9864358 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins, including monoclonal antibodies, single chain variable fragment (ScFv), crystallizable fragment (Fc), and fragment antigen binding (Fab), have accounted for one-third of all drugs on the world market. In particular, these medicines have been widely used in ocular therapies in the treatment of various diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, corneal neovascularization, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal vein occlusion. However, the formulation of these biomacromolecules is challenging due to their high molecular weight, complex structure, instability, short half-life, enzymatic degradation, and immunogenicity, which leads to the failure of therapies. Various efforts have been made to overcome the ocular barriers, providing effective delivery of therapeutic proteins, such as altering the protein structure or including it in new delivery systems. These strategies are not only cost-effective and beneficial to patients but have also been shown to allow for fewer drug side effects. In this review, we discuss several factors that affect the design of formulations and the delivery of therapeutic proteins to ocular tissues, such as the use of injectable micro/nanocarriers, hydrogels, implants, iontophoresis, cell-based therapy, and combination techniques. In addition, other approaches are briefly discussed, related to the structural modification of these proteins, improving their bioavailability in the posterior segments of the eye without affecting their stability. Future research should be conducted toward the development of more effective, stable, noninvasive, and cost-effective formulations for the ocular delivery of therapeutic proteins. In addition, more insights into preclinical to clinical translation are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyesh H. Shastri
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, K.B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya, Sarva Vidyalaya Kelavani Mandal, Gandhinagar 382016, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana Catarina Silva
- FP-I3ID (Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento), FP-BHS (Biomedical and Health Sciences Research Unit), Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO (Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences), REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia), MEDTECH (Medicines and Healthcare Products), Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Almeida
- UCIBIO (Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences), REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia), MEDTECH (Medicines and Healthcare Products), Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Mesosystem Investigação & Investimentos by Spinpark, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
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Nemr AA, El-Mahrouk GM, Badie HA. Development and evaluation of surfactant-based elastic vesicular system for transdermal delivery of Cilostazole: ex-vivo permeation and histopathological evaluation studies. J Liposome Res 2021; 32:159-171. [PMID: 33970754 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2021.1918151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cilostazole (CLZ) is an anti-platelet drug that suffers from extensive first pass-metabolism and gastrointestinal side effects. This study aimed to prepare spanlastics for enhancing the transdermal delivery of CLZ to avoid its oral problems. CLZ-loaded spanlastic dispersions were prepared by ethanol injection technique according to a 413121 full factorial design to investigate the effect of formulation variables on entrapment efficiency (EE%), particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), and the percent of drug released after 2 and 24 h (Q2 and 24 h). Spanlastic-loaded gel of the optimized formula was prepared using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K4M). The optimum formula (F13), constitutes of Span60 and CremophoreRH40 at a weight ratio of 80:20 and distilled water for hydration, had the highest desirability value of (0.841) and exhibited the highest EE% of (69.29 ± 0.29%), PS of (452.7 ± 5.94 nm), ZP of (-32.6 ± 0.4 mV), Q 2 h of (33.28 ± 1.45%) and Q24h of (82.37 ± 1.37. F13 was subjected to ex-vivo permeation study and showed a cumulative amount permeated after 48 h(Q48h) equal to (750.71 ± 3 μg/cm2) in comparison to the drug suspension which showed Q48h equal to (190.20 ± 6.3 μg/cm2). Also, F13 showed an increase in the drug flux of (17.84 μg/cm2.h) and enhancement ratio(ER) of (5.71 ± 0.1) in comparison to the drug suspension that showed drug flux of (3.12 ± 0.0 μg/cm2.h). Spanlastics-loaded gel was subjected to an in-vitro release study compared to(F13) spanlastic dispersion and showed a more sustained release effect. In addition, histopathological studies showed no sign of skin alteration confirming safe delivery through the skin. CLZ showed promising results with high potential to be delivered transdermally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Ashraf Nemr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Galal Mohamed El-Mahrouk
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hany Abdo Badie
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Pandey M, Choudhury H, binti Abd Aziz A, Bhattamisra SK, Gorain B, Su JST, Tan CL, Chin WY, Yip KY. Potential of Stimuli-Responsive In Situ Gel System for Sustained Ocular Drug Delivery: Recent Progress and Contemporary Research. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1340. [PMID: 33923900 PMCID: PMC8074213 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Eyesight is one of the most well-deserved blessings, amid all the five senses in the human body. It captures the raw signals from the outside world to create detailed visual images, granting the ability to witness and gain knowledge about the world. Eyes are exposed directly to the external environment; they are susceptible to the vicissitudes of diseases. The World Health Organization has predicted that the number of individuals affected by eye diseases will rise enormously in the next decades. However, the physical barriers of the eyes and the problems associated with conventional ocular formulations are significant challenges in ophthalmic drug development. This has generated the demand for a sustained ocular drug delivery system, which serves to deliver effective drug concentration at a reduced frequency for consistent therapeutic effect and better patient treatment adherence. Recent advancement in pharmaceutical dosage design has demonstrated that a stimuli-responsive in situ gel system exhibits the favorable characteristics for providing sustained ocular drug delivery and enhanced ocular bioavailability. Stimuli-responsive in situ gels undergo a phase transition (solution-gelation) in response to the ocular environmental temperature, pH, and ions. These stimuli transform the formulation into a gel at the cul de sac to overcome the shortcomings of conventional eye drops, such as rapid nasolacrimal drainage and short contact time with the ocular surface This review highlights the recent successful research outcomes of stimuli-responsive in situ gelling systems in treating in vivo models with glaucoma and various ocular infections. Additionally, it also presents the mechanism, recent development, and safety considerations of stimuli-sensitive in situ gel as the potential sustained ocular delivery system for treating common eye disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Centre for Bioactive Molecules and Drug Delivery, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Hira Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Centre for Bioactive Molecules and Drug Delivery, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Azila binti Abd Aziz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia;
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Bapi Gorain
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Center for Drug Delivery and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jocelyn Sziou Ting Su
- Undergraduate, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (J.S.T.S.); (C.L.T.); (W.Y.C.); (K.Y.Y.)
| | - Choo Leey Tan
- Undergraduate, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (J.S.T.S.); (C.L.T.); (W.Y.C.); (K.Y.Y.)
| | - Woon Yee Chin
- Undergraduate, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (J.S.T.S.); (C.L.T.); (W.Y.C.); (K.Y.Y.)
| | - Khar Yee Yip
- Undergraduate, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (J.S.T.S.); (C.L.T.); (W.Y.C.); (K.Y.Y.)
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9
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Sabry HS, Al-Shohani ADH, Mahmood SZ. Formulation and Evaluation of Levofloxacin and Betamethasone Ophthalmic Emulgel. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2021; 13:205-211. [PMID: 34349481 PMCID: PMC8291107 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_338_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Drug delivery to ocular tissues is challenging due to rapid removal of instilled drug due to low resident time in ocular tissues. The aim of the study was to formulate an ophthalmic emulgel that delivers two drugs (betamethasone sodium phosphate [BSP] and levofloxacin). The new combination will allow the simultaneous administration and extended release of the two drugs which potentially improve resident time in ocular tissues, patient compliance, and adherence to treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Formulations containing different gelling agents at different concentrations were prepared to choose the optimum combination regarding physical properties and release. The emulgel formulations F1, F2, F3, and F4 were made using gelling agent 1% and 2% xanthan gum, 1% carbopole 934, and 2% methyl cellulose, respectively. F5 was formulated using 2% methyl cellulose with double the amount of poloxamer 188 as emulsifying agent. All the formulations were examined regarding their physical appearance, pH, viscosity, drug content, and in vitro drug release. The optimum formula was also examined for antibacterial activity. RESULTS The results demonstrated that F5 was the optimum formulation having a proper physical characteristics and release profile of both drugs, 96% and 90% for BSP and levofloxacin, respectively, compared to other formulations and commercial eye drops. CONCLUSION Simultaneous and extended release of the two drugs was achieved using one formulation of emulgel. The ability to deliver hydrophilic and hydrophobic drug through the same formulation without the need to use two drops will improve patient compliance and hence patient adherence to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Sabah Sabry
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Sura Zuhair Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Ilochonwu BC, Urtti A, Hennink WE, Vermonden T. Intravitreal hydrogels for sustained release of therapeutic proteins. J Control Release 2020; 326:419-441. [PMID: 32717302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights how hydrogel formulations can improve intravitreal protein delivery to the posterior segment of the eye in order to increase therapeutic outcome and patient compliance. Several therapeutic proteins have shown excellent clinical successes for the treatment of various intraocular diseases. However, drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye faces significant challenges due to multiple physiological barriers preventing drugs from reaching the retina, among which intravitreal protein instability and rapid clearance from the site of injection. Hence, frequent injections are required to maintain therapeutic levels. Moreover, because the world population ages, the number of patients suffering from ocular diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) is increasing and causing increased health care costs. Therefore, there is a growing need for suitable delivery systems able to tackle the current limitations in retinal protein delivery, which also may reduce costs. Hydrogels have shown to be promising delivery systems capable of sustaining release of therapeutic proteins and thus extending their local presence. Here, an extensive overview of preclinically developed intravitreal hydrogels is provided with attention to the rational design of clinically useful intravitreal systems. The currently used polymers, crosslinking mechanisms, in vitro/in vivo models and advancements are discussed together with the limitations and future perspective of these biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blessing C Ilochonwu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arto Urtti
- Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Wim E Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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11
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Polysaccharide as renewable responsive biopolymer for in situ gel in the delivery of drug through ocular route. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:559-572. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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12
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Nguyen DD, Lai JY. Advancing the stimuli response of polymer-based drug delivery systems for ocular disease treatment. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00919a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent exploitations of stimuli-responsive polymers as ophthalmic drug delivery systems for the treatment of eye diseases are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Dung Nguyen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering
- Chang Gung University
- Taoyuan 33302
- Republic of China
| | - Jui-Yang Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering
- Chang Gung University
- Taoyuan 33302
- Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology
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13
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Noreen S, Ghumman SA, Batool F, Ijaz B, Basharat M, Noureen S, Kausar T, Iqbal S. Terminalia arjuna gum/alginate in situ gel system with prolonged retention time for ophthalmic drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 152:1056-1067. [PMID: 31751751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Poor availability is the major barrier to accept the new smart gel system as a preferred ophthalmic solution for various eye problems. Smart gel system especially derived from natural source allows the rapid transition of ocular solution into gel form upon contact to tear solution. The present experimental scheme was intended to prepare and characterize a pH triggered in situ gelling system using moxifloxacin HCl (MOX-HCl). Gum was extracted from Terminalia arjuna bark resin and used as gelling agent in blend with sodium alginate. Sterilized formulations were developed and characterized for their physicochemical attributes. These were further investigated for microbiological testing and eye irritation studies. Drug loaded in situ gel was appeared as clear sol that converted into gel phase in presence of tear solution. Optimized formulation was stable, therapeutically efficacious, non-irritant and has a sustained release of the drug for twelve hours period. Instillation of MOX-HCl loaded in situ gel did not cause any type of irritation symptoms like redness, inflammation and excessive tear production in rabbits as compared to control. MOX-HCl loaded in situ gel can be appraised as a substitute for conventional eye drops for extended precorneal retention, improved corneal permeability along with better ocular bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Noreen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Fozia Batool
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Ijaz
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Basharat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Noureen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Tusneem Kausar
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
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14
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Transdermal lipid vesicular delivery of iloperidone: Formulation, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 183:110409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Abd El-Bary A, Kamal Ibrahim H, Haza'a BS, Al Sharabi I. Formulation of sustained release bioadhesive minitablets containing solid dispersion of levofloxacin for once daily ocular use. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 24:824-838. [PMID: 30931674 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1602631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to increase ocular residence time of levofloxacin by formulation into zero-order sustained release mucoadhesive minitablets for once daily administration using a hydrophobic-hydrophilic polymeric matrix. Levofloxacin was first formulated into solid dispersion with different ratios of Eudragit® RS then the resulting solid dispersion was mixed with different concentrations of Carbopol® and other excipients to be finally compressed into minitablets. A 24 full factorial design was employed to estimate the effects and interactions of two formulation factors, and to establish their relationships with selected responses in the developed minitablets. The studied factors were: drug to Eudragit® RS ratio, and percent of Carbopol® in the minitablets. Sixteen ocular minitablets formulations were prepared and evaluated for the cumulative percentages drug release at 6, 12, and 24 h, as well as mucoadhesion time, mucoadhesive strength, and swelling index as response variables. After optimizing the responses, the optimized formulation was found to be stable on sterilization using gamma-irradiation and storage at 40 °C/75% RH for six months. In vivo testing of the optimized formulation showed that the minitablets extended levofloxacin release up to 24 h without causing any ocular irritation. The optimized formulation exhibited superior microbiological activity compared to the commercial product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abd El-Bary
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Howida Kamal Ibrahim
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Balqees Saeed Haza'a
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Al Sharabi
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt.,b Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy , King Khalid University , Abha , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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16
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Corneal targeted Sertaconazole nitrate loaded cubosomes: Preparation, statistical optimization, in vitro characterization, ex vivo permeation and in vivo studies. Int J Pharm 2018; 553:386-397. [PMID: 30393167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sertaconazole nitrate (STZ) is a poorly soluble antifungal drug commonly used for treating fungal skin infections. Introducing it as a new treatment option for the management of fungal keratitis, requires the development of a delivery system capable of targeting the infected cornea with an adequate STZ concentration. Hence, Sertaconazole nitrate loaded cubosomes (STZ-CUBs) were prepared, characterized and optimized based on a 33 central composite face-centred design. Optimized formulation (CUB-opt) showed maximum desirability (0.905), with solubilization efficiency (SE%) of 94.50 ± 0.51%, particle size (PS) of 216.55 ± 2.33 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.229 ± 0.11 and zeta potential (ZP) of 34.00 ± 6.93 mV. Under the transmission electron microscope, it showed discrete cubic shaped structures. Moreover, it exhibited a promising mucoadhesive behavior, terminal sterilization stability, and storage stability. Ex vivo corneal permeation study revealed its ability to enhance the steady state flux (Jss) and the permeability coefficient (KP) of STZ, compared to STZ-suspension. Finally, CUB-opt formulation was found to be safe on the corneal tissues in the in vivo corneal tolerance study, and demonstrated a superior corneal penetration power in the in vivo corneal uptake study.
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17
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Fahmy AM, El-Setouhy DA, Ibrahim AB, Habib BA, Tayel SA, Bayoumi NA. Penetration enhancer-containing spanlastics (PECSs) for transdermal delivery of haloperidol: in vitro characterization, ex vivo permeation and in vivo biodistribution studies. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:12-22. [PMID: 29219628 PMCID: PMC6058714 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1410262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Haloperidol (Hal) is one of the widely used antipsychotic drugs. When orally administered, it suffers from low bioavailability due to hepatic first pass metabolism. This study aimed at developing Hal-loaded penetration enhancer-containing spanlastics (PECSs) to increase transdermal permeation of Hal with sustained release. PECSs were successfully prepared using ethanol injection method showing reasonable values of percentage entrapment efficiency, particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential. The statistical analysis of the ex vivo permeation parameters led to the choice of F1L – made of Span® 60 and Tween® 80 at the weight ratio of 4:1 along with 1% w/v Labrasol® – as the selected formula (SF). SF was formulated into a hydrogel by using 2.5% w/v of HPMC K4M. The hydrogel exhibited good in vitro characteristics. Also, it retained its physical and chemical stability for one month in the refrigerator. The radiolabeling of SF showed a maximum yield by mixing of 100 µl of diluted formula with 50 µl saline having 200 MBq of 99mTc and containing 13.6 mg of reducing agent (NaBH4) and volume completed to 300 µl by saline at pH 10 for 10 min as reaction time. The biodistribution study showed that the transdermal 99mTc-SF hydrogel exhibited a more sustained release pattern and longer circulation duration with pulsatile behavior in the blood and higher brain levels than the oral 99mTc-SF dispersion. So, transdermal hydrogel of SF may be considered a promising sustained release formula for Hal maintenance therapy with reduced dose size and less frequent administration than oral formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahman M Fahmy
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Doaa Ahmed El-Setouhy
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Ahmed B Ibrahim
- b Labeled Compounds Department , Hot Lab. Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Basant A Habib
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Saadia A Tayel
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Noha A Bayoumi
- b Labeled Compounds Department , Hot Lab. Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority , Cairo , Egypt
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18
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Statistical Design of Experiment (DoE) based development and optimization of DB213 in situ thermosensitive gel for intranasal delivery. Int J Pharm 2018; 539:50-57. [PMID: 29366939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
DB213 is an HIV-1 replication inhibitor targeting the Central Nervous System for the treatment of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Current study aims to develop an in situ thermosensitive gelling system for intranasal delivery of DB213 facilitated by Statistical Design of Experiment (DoE) to conduct a more efficient experimentation by extracting the maximum amount of information from limited experiments. In our current study, information was extracted from twenty-five experimental designs from MODDE® Software and a mathematical model was successfully developed to predict formulations to achieve desired performance as well as to analyze relationships between the amount of Pluronic F-127, Pluronic F-68, Chitosan, DB213 and the performances of in situ thermosensitive gels. Based on DoE, in situ thermosensitive gels of 1% DB213 (F1) and 5% DB213 (F2) were developed for further in vivo bioavailability and brain uptake evaluations in Sprague-Dawley rats and C57BL/6 mice, respectively. In comparison to DB213 water solution, intranasal administrations of F1 at 1 mg/kg in rats and F2 at 25 mg/kg in mice demonstrated relative bioavailabilities of 145% and 165% with significant increase in brain uptake.
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Cristaldi M, Olivieri M, Lupo G, Anfuso CD, Pezzino S, Rusciano D. N-hydroxymethylglycinate with EDTA is an efficient eye drop preservative with very low toxicity: an in vitro comparative study. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2017; 37:71-76. [PMID: 28658977 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2017.1347942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preservatives are used in multi-dose ophthalmic topical medications in order to prevent contamination by bacteria and fungi. However, prolonged use of preserved eye drops, as it may happen in dry eye or glaucoma, may damage cells of the ocular surface. Therefore, an important goal is to find preservatives with low toxicity which are mild to host cells, still able to prevent drug contamination so to maintain their sterility and efficacy. Hence, aim of this study has been to compare the relative toxicity on a rabbit corneal cell line of a new preservative, made by the association of N-hydroxy-methyl-glycinate (NIG) with disodium-ethylene diamine tetra-acetate (EDTA), with other known and widely used eye-drops preservatives. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rabbit corneal cells (SIRC) were tested either in 96-well plates or in suspension culture. Treatments with preservatives (used at known bacteriostatic concentrations) included: benzalkonium chloride (BAK), polyquaternium-1 (PQ-1), sodium perborate (SP: NaBO3 * H2O), and NIG ± EDTA at different concentrations (0.001% and 0.002%), and different treatment times (from 30 minutes to 120 hours). At the end of treatment, cell survival was evaluated by a specific spectrophotometric method through the metabolic conversion of MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] into formazan crystals. RESULTS Almost no cell toxicity was evident for NIG and SP at either concentration (0.001% or 0.002%), while a low toxicity was observed for PQ-1 (62% at the highest dose at 120 hours). BAK, as expected, showed the highest toxicity (60-80% at 30 minutes, and over 90% from eight hours onward). EDTA 0.1% alone or in combination with NIG 0.002%, showed no toxicity at 24 hours, and even resulted in cell growth promotion (46% and 38%, respectively), after 48 hours of treatment. CONCLUSIONS These data show that the new preservative NIG/EDTA, at doses known to have effective antimicrobial properties, has a very low toxicity on corneal cells, and so it can be safely used in multi-dose eye drops.
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