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Raj J, Farkaš H, Jakovčević Z, Vasiljević M, Kumar R, Asrani RK. Effects of supplemented multicomponent mycotoxin detoxifying agent in laying hens fed aflatoxin B1 and T2-toxin contaminated feeds. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102795. [PMID: 37327744 PMCID: PMC10404769 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the ability of multicomponent mycotoxin detoxifying agent (MMDA) in feed to prevent the gastrointestinal absorption of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and T2-toxin supplemented via spiked maize. For comparisons, hens were fed with uncontaminated basal diet without or with addition of MMDA at 2 g/kg feed. The trial consisted of 105 laying hens (Lohmann Brown) without obvious signs of disease allocated to 7 treatment groups in 35 pens. Responses were demonstrated on laying performance and health status throughout the 42 d experimental period. The results of laying performance indicated significantly decreased egg mass with increasing mycotoxin (AFB1 and T2-toxin) levels up to the maximum tolerated dosage, however simultaneous presence of MMDA laying performance was slightly modified linearly to increasing application. Dose-dependent pathological changes in liver and kidneys and their relative weights, changes in blood parameters and reduced eggshell weights were observed in the hens fed AFB1 and T2-toxin. The pathological changes in the hens fed with diets containing AFB1 and T2-toxin without MMDA were significantly higher as compared with the control group, but eggshell stability was not affected. The contents of AFB1, T2-toxin and their metabolites in liver and kidney tissues were significantly decreased in the hens supplemented with MMDA at 2 and 3 g/kg in feed. MMDA supplementation significantly reduced the deposition of AFB1, T2-toxin and their metabolites in liver and kidneys at the maximum tolerated dosage (2 and 3 g/kg) indicating specific binding to AFB1 and T2-toxin in the digestive tract as compared to the corresponding diets without MMDA. Exposure of AFB1 and T2-toxin indicated significantly decreased egg mass with increasing mycotoxin levels up to the maximum tolerated dosage because of the significantly reduced egg production. Therefore, in this study, MMDA could reduce negative effects of feeding AFB1 and T-2 to laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jog Raj
- Patent Co, DOO., Vlade Ćetković 1A, Mišićevo 24211, Serbia.
| | - Hunor Farkaš
- Patent Co, DOO., Vlade Ćetković 1A, Mišićevo 24211, Serbia
| | | | | | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, DGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176062, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Asrani
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, DGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176062, India
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Derakhshan M, Ghasemian SO, Gholami‐Ahangaran M. The effects of probiotic and phytase on growth performance, biochemical parameters and antioxidant capacity in broiler chickens. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:860-866. [PMID: 36669151 PMCID: PMC10029878 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics and phytase are commonly used as dietary supplements in poultry diets. Phytase is involved in the release of phosphorus in plant grain ingredient of poultry feed, while probiotics provide beneficial organisms to the gastrointestinal tract. OBJECTIVE The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of both commercial probiotic and phytase on chicken performance and biochemical indices. METHODS A total of 300 chicks were divided into 4 groups that fed the basal diet, diet containing probiotic (Protexin®), Phytase (Meriphyze 5000®), and probiotic plus phytase all over the growing period. The growth indices were measured weekly, analysed at the 21 and 42 days of age. At 42 days of age, blood samples were collected from all chickens. The concentration of liver enzymes, lipid profiles and antioxidant status were measured in blood samples. RESULTS The results showed that the weight gain and feed intake were significantly higher in chickens received phytase alone or phytase in combination with probiotic. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) significantly lower in all supplemented chickens in comparison with control chickens (p < 0.05). Although the addition of probiotic or phytase to chicken diet showed an extent variation in biochemical and antioxidant indices, the addition of phytase plus probiotic showed a significantly increase of blood total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), super oxide dismutase (SOD), catalysis (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level, while decrease triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHL), aspartate transferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in comparison to control chickens. The supplementation of chicken diet with probiotic, phytase or probiotic plus phytase did not effect on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). CONCLUSIONS The simultaneous supplementation of probiotics and phytases seems to have a positive effect on growth indices in broilers, but they can cause changes in the serum biochemical profile, which sometimes lead to interference and do not always act synergistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Derakhshan
- Department of Veterinary, Shoushtar BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShoushtarIran
| | | | - Majid Gholami‐Ahangaran
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Shahrekord BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShahrekordIran
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Zhu F, Zhu L, Xu J, Wang Y, Wang Y. Effects of moldy corn on the performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function, metabolism and residues of mycotoxins in eggs, muscle, and edible viscera of laying hens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102502. [PMID: 36739801 PMCID: PMC9932114 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins, including aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEN) and deoxynivalenol (DON), are common contaminants of moldy feeds. Mycotoxins can cause deleterious effects on the health of chickens and can be carried over in poultry food products. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of moldy corn (containing AFB1, ZEN, and DON) on the performance, health, and mycotoxin residues of laying hens. One hundred and eighty 400-day-old laying hens were divided into 4 treatments: basal diet (Control), basal diet containing 20% moldy corn (MC20), 40% moldy corn (MC40) and 60% moldy corn (MC60). At d 20, 40, and 60, the performance, oxidative stress, immune function, metabolism, and mycotoxin residues in eggs were determined. At d 60, mycotoxin residues in muscle and edible viscera were measured. Results showed the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and laying performance of laying hens were decreased with moldy corn treatments. All the moldy corn treatments also induced significant oxidative stress and immunosuppression, reflected by decreased antioxidase activities, contents of cytokines, immunoglobulins, and increased malonaldehyde level. Moreover, the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase were increased by moldy corn treatments. The lipid metabolism was influenced in laying hens receiving moldy corn, reflected by lowered levels of total protein, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and increased total triglyceride as well as uric acid. The above impairments were aggravated with the increase of mycotoxin levels. Furthermore, AFB1 and ZEN residues were found in eggs, muscle, and edible viscera with moldy corn treatments, but the residues were below the maximum residue limits. In conclusion, moldy corn impaired the performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function, liver function, and metabolism of laying hens at d 20, 40, and 60. Moldy corn also led to AFB1 residue in eggs at d 20, 40, and 60, and led to both AFB1 and ZEN residues in eggs at days 40 and 60, and in muscle and edible viscera at d 60. The toxic effects and mycotoxin residues were elevated with the increase of moldy corn levels in feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China
| | - Lianqin Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China
| | - Jindong Xu
- College of Science and Information, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China
| | - Yuchang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China.
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Alleviation of Oral Exposure to Aflatoxin B1-Induced Renal Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Cell Apoptosis in Mice Kidney by Curcumin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061082. [PMID: 35739979 PMCID: PMC9219944 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 is a contaminant widely found in food and livestock feed, posing a major threat to human and animal health. Recently, much attention from the pharmaceutical and food industries has been focused on curcumin due to its strong antioxidant capacity. However, the therapeutic impacts and potential mechanisms of curcumin on kidney damage caused by AFB1 are still incomplete. In this study, AFB1 triggered renal injury in mice, as reflected by pathological changes and renal dysfunction. AFB1 induced renal oxidative stress and interfered with the Keap1–Nrf2 pathway and its downstream genes (CAT, SOD1, NQO1, GSS, GCLC, and GCLM), as manifested by elevated oxidative stress metabolites and reduced antioxidant enzymes activities. Additionally, AFB1 was found to increase apoptotic cells percentage in the kidney via the TUNEL assay, along with increased expression of Cyt-c, Bax, cleaved-Caspase-3, Caspase-9, and decreased expression of Bcl-2 at the transcriptional and protein levels; in contrast, for mice given curcumin, there was a significant reversal in kidney coefficient, biochemical parameters, pathological changes, and the expression of genes and proteins involved in oxidative stress and apoptosis. These results indicate that curcumin could antagonize oxidative stress and apoptosis to attenuate AFB1-induced kidney damage.
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Ashry A, Taha NM, Lebda MA, Abdo W, El-Diasty EM, Fadl SE, Morsi Elkamshishi M. Ameliorative effect of nanocurcumin and Saccharomyces cell wall alone and in combination against aflatoxicosis in broilers. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:178. [PMID: 35568841 PMCID: PMC9107200 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The adverse effect of aflatoxin in broilers is well known. However, dietary supplementation of Saccharomyces cell wall and/or Nanocurcumin may decrease the negative effect of aflatoxin B1 because of the bio-adsorbing feature of the functional ingredients in Yeast Cell Wall and the detoxification effect of curcumin nanoparticles. The goal of this study was to see how Saccharomyces cell wall/Nanocurcumin alone or in combination with the aflatoxin-contaminated diet ameliorated the toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 on broiler development, blood and serum parameters, carcass traits, histology, immune histochemistry, liver gene expression, and aflatoxin residue in the liver and muscle tissue of broilers for 35 days. Moreover, the withdrawal time of aflatoxin was measured after feeding the aflatoxicated group an aflatoxin-free diet. Broiler chicks one day old were distributed into five groups according to Saccharomyces cell wall and/or nanocurcumin with aflatoxin supplementation. The G1 group was given a formulated diet without any supplements. The G2 group was supplemented with aflatoxin (0.25 mg/kg diet) in the formulated diet. The G3 group was supplemented with aflatoxin (0.25 mg/kg diet) and Saccharomyces cell wall (1 kg/ton diet) in the formulated diet. The G4 group was supplemented with aflatoxin (0.25 mg/kg diet) and nanocurcumin (400 mg/kg) in the formulated diet. The G5 group was supplemented with aflatoxin (0.25 mg/kg diet) and Saccharomyces cell wall (1 kg/ton diet) in combination with nanocurcumin (200 mg/kg) in the formulated diet. Results According to the results of this study, aflatoxin supplementation had a detrimental impact on the growth performance, blood and serum parameters, carcass traits, and aflatoxin residue in the liver and muscle tissue of broilers. In addition, aflatoxin supplementation led to a liver injury that was indicated by serum biochemistry and pathological lesions in the liver tissue. Moreover, the shortening of villi length in aflatoxicated birds resulted in a decrease in both the crypt depth ratio and the villi length ratio. The expression of CYP1A1 and Nrf2 genes in the liver tissue increased and decreased, respectively, in the aflatoxicated group. In addition, the aflatoxin residue was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased in the liver tissue of the aflatoxicated group after 2 weeks from the end of the experiment. Conclusion Saccharomyces cell wall alone or with nanocurcumin attenuated these negative effects and anomalies and improved all of the above-mentioned metrics. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03256-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ashry
- Biochemistry Dept., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt.
| | - Nabil M Taha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Lebda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Walied Abdo
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Eman M El-Diasty
- Mycology and Mycotoxins Department, Animal Health Research Institute (ARC), Dokki, Egypt
| | - Sabreen E Fadl
- Biochemistry Dept., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Morsi Elkamshishi
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
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Gholami‐Ahangaran M, Haj‐Salehi M, Ahmadi‐Dastgerdi A, Zokaei M. The advantages and synergistic effects of Gunnera (Gundelia tournefortii L.) extract and protexin in chicken production. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:2374-2380. [PMID: 34538006 PMCID: PMC8604120 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics and phytogenics in the poultry diet have many positive effects on productivity. The combination of these feed additives has not been studied. OBJECTIVE This study was designed for evaluation of synergistic effects of protexin (P) and Gunnera (Gundelia tournefortii L.) extract (GX) on growth, biochemical, hematological and antioxidant status of broiler chickens. METHODS Totally, 300 chicks were divided into 4 groups that fed the basal diet, diet containing P, GX, and GX plus P (GX-P) in all over the growing period. At 42 days of age, blood samples were collected from all chickens. The concentration of aspartate transferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), haematological parameters, and humeral antibody against Newcastle disease vaccine was measured. RESULTS The Results showed that the feed conversion ratio in chickens fed GX-P was significantly lower than others. Also, in chickens fed GX or GX-P, the TG and CHL concentration was significantly lower and GPx and TAC concentration was significantly higher than others, while chickens that received P or GX-P showed higher haemoglobin and TP concentration. The antibody response was significantly higher in chickens fed P. The ALT, AST, ALP, and SOD concentration did not show any significant difference in all chickens. CONCLUSION Continuous utilization of P along with GX in broiler diets can induce synergist effect on feed efficacy and antioxidant status, lowering lipid profiles with no effect on liver function in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Gholami‐Ahangaran
- Department of Poultry DiseasesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineShahrekord BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShahrekordIran
| | - Maziar Haj‐Salehi
- Grarduated of Veterinary Medicine FacultyShahrekord BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShahrekordIran
| | - Asiye Ahmadi‐Dastgerdi
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyArdestan BranchIslamic Azad UniversityArdestanIran
| | - Maryam Zokaei
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyFaculty of Nutrition Science, Food Science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Bencheikh N, Elbouzidi A, Kharchoufa L, Ouassou H, Alami Merrouni I, Mechchate H, Es-safi I, Hano C, Addi M, Bouhrim M, Eto B, Elachouri M. Inventory of Medicinal Plants Used Traditionally to Manage Kidney Diseases in North-Eastern Morocco: Ethnobotanical Fieldwork and Pharmacological Evidence. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1966. [PMID: 34579498 PMCID: PMC8468912 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Kidney disease is one of the most common health problems and kidney failure can be fatal. It is one of the health disorders associated with extreme pain and discomfort in patients. In developing countries, such as Morocco where socioeconomic and sanitary conditions are precarious, medicinal plants are considered the primary source of medication. In the present work an ethnobotanical survey was conducted in a remote area of North-Eastern Morocco and we focused on (1) establishing a record of medicinal plants used traditionally by local people to treat kidney diseases and (2) correlate the obtained ethnomedical use with well-studied pharmacological evidence. From February 2018 to January2020, information was gathered from 488 informants using semi-structured questionnaires. The data were analyzed using three quantitative indices: The use value (UV), family use value (FUV), and informant consensus factor (ICF). A total of 121 plant species belonging to 57 botanical families were identified to treat kidney diseases. The families most represented were Asteraceae (14 species), followed by Lamiaceae (12 species) and Apiaceae (10 species). The most commonly used plant parts were leaves, followed by the whole plant and they were most commonly prepared by decoction and infusion. The highest value of the (UV) index was attributed to Herniaria hirsuta L. (UV = 0.16), and the highest family use value (FUV) was assigned to Caryophyllaceae with (FUV = 0.163). Regarding the informant consensus factor (ICF), this index's highest values were recorded for kidney stones (ICF = 0.72). The use of 45% of the selected plants were validated based on literature review. This study helped document and preserve crucial traditional plant knowledge of 121 plant species used to treat kidney problems that can be used in the search for new biologically active compounds through more upcoming pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noureddine Bencheikh
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60040, Morocco; (N.B.); (A.E.); (L.K.); (H.O.); (I.A.M.); (M.B.); (M.E.)
| | - Amine Elbouzidi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60040, Morocco; (N.B.); (A.E.); (L.K.); (H.O.); (I.A.M.); (M.B.); (M.E.)
| | - Loubna Kharchoufa
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60040, Morocco; (N.B.); (A.E.); (L.K.); (H.O.); (I.A.M.); (M.B.); (M.E.)
| | - Hayat Ouassou
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60040, Morocco; (N.B.); (A.E.); (L.K.); (H.O.); (I.A.M.); (M.B.); (M.E.)
| | - Ilyass Alami Merrouni
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60040, Morocco; (N.B.); (A.E.); (L.K.); (H.O.); (I.A.M.); (M.B.); (M.E.)
| | - Hamza Mechchate
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agrifood and Health, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, P.O. Box 1796, Fez 30000, Morocco;
| | - Imane Es-safi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agrifood and Health, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, P.O. Box 1796, Fez 30000, Morocco;
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA USC1328, Orleans University, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France;
| | - Mohamed Addi
- Laboratoire d’Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60040, Morocco;
| | - Mohamed Bouhrim
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60040, Morocco; (N.B.); (A.E.); (L.K.); (H.O.); (I.A.M.); (M.B.); (M.E.)
| | - Bruno Eto
- Laboratoire TBC, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, University of Lille, 3, rue du Professeur Laguesse, B.P. 83, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Mostafa Elachouri
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60040, Morocco; (N.B.); (A.E.); (L.K.); (H.O.); (I.A.M.); (M.B.); (M.E.)
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Umaya SR, Vijayalakshmi YC, Sejian V. Exploration of plant products and phytochemicals against aflatoxin toxicity in broiler chicken production: Present status. Toxicon 2021; 200:55-68. [PMID: 34228958 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxins (AFs) are a class of mycotoxins produced by the toxigenic Aspergillus fungi and are common contaminants of foods and feeds. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), the most potent aflatoxin, is well characterized to reduce productive performance and mortality in broilers. This exclusive review summarizes the efficacy of various plant products and phytochemicals to counteract AFB1 toxicity in broilers. The biochemical and molecular mode of action of AFB1 to induce liver damage, genotoxicity, immunosuppression and the protective effect of plant products against such mechanisms and their toxic effects are discussed. The link between antioxidant, immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective functions of plant products; oxidative stress and AFB1 macromolecular adducts mediated AFB1 toxicity are covered. Efficacy of Satureja khuzistanica, Zataria multiflora Boiss, Thymus vulgaris, Sauropsus androgynus, Hemidesmus indicus, Leucas aspera, Moringa oleifera, Eclipta alba, Curcuma longa, Silybum marianum, Urtica dioica, and citrus fruit are summarized. The anti-aflatoxic effect of water-soluble substances of wheat, grape seed proanthocyanidin extract and phytochemicals like thymol, carvarol, piperine, transcinnamaldehyde, resveratrol, curcumin, and silymarin are also discussed. Specific plant products and phytochemicals are shown to be effective against AF toxicity in broilers and could represent an important tool to reduce health and economic losses associated with AFB1 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suganthi R Umaya
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, 560 030, Karnataka, India.
| | - Y C Vijayalakshmi
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, 560 030, Karnataka, India
| | - V Sejian
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, 560 030, Karnataka, India
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GHASEMIAN SO, GHOLAMİ-AHANGARAN M, POURMAHDİ O, AHMADİ-DASTGERDİ A. Dietary supplementation of protexin and artichoke extract for improving growth indices, lipid profile and antioxidant capacity in broilers chickens. ANKARA ÜNIVERSITESI VETERINER FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2021. [DOI: 10.33988/auvfd.833094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Guo HW, Chang J, Wang P, Yin QQ, Liu CQ, Xu XX, Dang XW, Hu XF, Wang QL. Effects of compound probiotics and aflatoxin-degradation enzyme on alleviating aflatoxin-induced cytotoxicity in chicken embryo primary intestinal epithelium, liver and kidney cells. AMB Express 2021; 11:35. [PMID: 33646441 PMCID: PMC7921234 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01196-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most dangerous mycotoxins for humans and animals. This study aimed to investigate the effects of compound probiotics (CP), CP supernatant (CPS), AFB1-degradation enzyme (ADE) on chicken embryo primary intestinal epithelium, liver and kidney cell viabilities, and to determine the functions of CP + ADE (CPADE) or CPS + ADE (CPSADE) for alleviating cytotoxicity induced by AFB1. The results showed that AFB1 decreased cell viabilities in dose-dependent and time-dependent manners. The optimal AFB1 concentrations and reactive time for establishing cell damage models were 200 µg/L AFB1 and 12 h for intestinal epithelium cells, 40 µg/L and 12 h for liver and kidney cells. Cell viabilities reached 231.58% (p < 0.05) for intestinal epithelium cells with CP addition, 105.29% and 115.84% (p < 0.05) for kidney and liver cells with CPS additions. The further results showed that intestinal epithelium, liver and kidney cell viabilities were significantly decreased to 87.12%, 88.7% and 84.19% (p < 0.05) when the cells were exposed to AFB1; however, they were increased to 93.49% by CPADE addition, 102.33% and 94.71% by CPSADE additions (p < 0.05). The relative mRNA abundances of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, iNOS, NF-κB, NOD1 (except liver cell) and TLR2 in three kinds of primary cells were significantly down-regulated by CPADE or CPSADE addition, compared with single AFB1 group (p < 0.05), indicating that CPADE or CPSADE addition could alleviate cell cytotoxicity and inflammation induced by AFB1 exposure through suppressing the activations of NF-κB, iNOS, NOD1 and TLR2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Juan Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Qing-Qiang Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Chao-Qi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Dang
- Henan Delin Biological Product Co., Ltd, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Hu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Quan-Liang Wang
- Henan Guangan Biotechnological Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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Health Benefits of Turmeric and Curcumin Against Food Contaminants. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1328:171-197. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73234-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Arak H, Karimi Torshizi MA, Hedayati M, Rahimi S. The efficiency of synthetic polymers to ameliorate the adverse effects of Aflatoxin on plasma biochemistry, immune responses, and hepatic genes expression in ducklings. Toxicon 2020; 187:136-143. [PMID: 32898571 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of molecularly imprinted polymers as a synthetic polymer (TMU95) and commercial toxin binder (CTB) on aflatoxins (AFs) toxic effects on hepatic gene expression, and the biochemical and immunological parameters in ducklings, 240 four-day-old ducklings were randomly allocated into six groups with four replicates of 10 ducklings per each. The experimental groups were as follows: Negative control (basal diet without any additive or AFs), Negative control + TMU95 (5 g/kg feed), Negative control + CTB (Zarinbinder, Vivan Group, Mashhad, Iran. 5 g/kg feed), Positive control (0.2 mg AFs/kg feed), Positive control + TMU95 (5 g/kg feed), and Positive control + CTB (5 g/kg feed). On day 14, livers were collected (8 per treatment) to evaluate change in the expression of genes involved in AFs biotransformation (cytochrome P450 1A1 and 2H1) and antioxidant function (glutathione S-transferase). Several biochemical biomarkers and immune responses were also recorded. Compared with the negative control group AFs treatment significantly decreased plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride and increased the aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), alanine-aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (P ≤ 0.01). Cellular immune responses to the phytohemagglutinin-and 2, 4-dinitro 1-chlorobenzene skin test were significantly influenced by dietary aflatoxins (P ≤ 0.01) but a humoral immune response to Newcastle disease virus/vaccine was not affected (P ≥ 0.01). Compared with negative control group, the genes associated with AFs biotransformation were downregulated, whereas the gene associated with the antioxidant function was upregulated in birds fed AFs. The CTB supplement in contaminated feed could alleviate AFs adverse effects on cellular immunity, ALT concentration, and cytochrome P450 2H1 gene expression partially, whereas TMU95 could not ameliorate the adverse effects of AFs on the traits studied, except for ALP. The data suggest that TMU95 may alleviate some of the toxic effects of aflatoxins in duckling and it might prove to be beneficial in the reduction of aflatoxicosis adverse effect in poultry when used in combination with other aflatoxin management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Arak
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-336, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717413, Iran
| | - Shaban Rahimi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-336, Iran
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Preclinical Evidence of Curcuma longa and Its Noncurcuminoid Constituents against Hepatobiliary Diseases: A Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8761435. [PMID: 32802138 PMCID: PMC7411463 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8761435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatobiliary disease currently serves as an important public health issue due to the fact that it is one of the major causes of death among economically active individuals and can easily progress to chronic diseases. Despite the development of vaccines and numerous drugs, a definite treatment remains lacking owing to different stages of the disease itself, its intricate pathogenesis, an effect uncertainty for long-term use, resistance, and side effects. Curcuma longa (C. longa), which belongs to the family Zingiberaceae and the genus Curcuma, has long been used not only as spice for curry or dye but also as a constituent of herbal formula for the treatment of different diseases due to its bioactive activities. Recently, many studies on the experimental results of C. longa have been published relative to hepatobiliary diseases such as fatty liver, hepatitis, cirrhosis, and tumors. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to summarize the pharmacological effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of C. longa and its four compounds, β-elemene, germacrone, ar-turmerone, and bisacurone, against hepatobiliary diseases. C. longa exhibited antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antisteatotic, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, antitumor, and cholagogic effects by regulating apoptosis, CYP2E1, Nrf, lipid metabolism-related factors, TGF-β, NF-κB, CYP7A1, and so on. In particular, β-elemene could be an attractive compound owing to its remarkable hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and antitumor activities. Altogether, the present review provides a preclinical basis for the efficacy of C. longa as an effective therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of hepatobiliary diseases, despite the need for further studies to establish the extraction conditions and separation of active constituents with high bioavailability, and warrants further evaluation in clinical trials.
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Afshar P, Shokrzadeh M, Raeisi SN, Ghorbani-HasanSaraei A, Nasiraii LR. Aflatoxins biodetoxification strategies based on probiotic bacteria. Toxicon 2020; 178:50-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Fouad AM, Ruan D, El-Senousey HK, Chen W, Jiang S, Zheng C. Harmful Effects and Control Strategies of Aflatoxin B₁ Produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus Strains on Poultry: Review. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E176. [PMID: 30909549 PMCID: PMC6468546 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11030176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) in poultry diets decreases the hatchability, hatchling weight, growth rate, meat and egg production, meat and egg quality, vaccination efficiency, as well as impairing the feed conversion ratio and increasing the susceptibility of birds to disease and mortality. AFB₁ is transferred from poultry feed to eggs, meat, and other edible parts, representing a threat to the health of consumers because AFB₁ is carcinogenic and implicated in human liver cancer. This review considers how AFB₁ produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus strains can affect the immune system, antioxidant defense system, digestive system, and reproductive system in poultry, as well as its effects on productivity and reproductive performance. Nutritional factors can offset the effects of AFB₁ in poultry and, thus, it is necessary to identify and select suitable additives to address the problems caused by AFB₁ in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mohamed Fouad
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
| | - Dong Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - HebatAllah Kasem El-Senousey
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Shouqun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Chuntian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Solis-Cruz B, Hernandez-Patlan D, Petrone VM, Pontin KP, Latorre JD, Beyssac E, Hernandez-Velasco X, Merino-Guzman R, Owens C, Hargis BM, Lopez-Arellano R, Tellez-Isaias G. Evaluation of Cellulosic Polymers and Curcumin to Reduce Aflatoxin B1 Toxic Effects on Performance, Biochemical, and Immunological Parameters of Broiler Chickens. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E121. [PMID: 30781456 PMCID: PMC6410090 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of cellulosic polymers (CEL) and curcumin (CUR) on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) toxic effects on performance, and the biochemical and immunological parameters in broiler chickens, 150 one-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly allocated into five groups with three replicates of 10 chickens per pen: Negative Control (feed); AFB1 (feed + 2 ppm AFB1); CUR (feed + 2 ppm AFB1 + Curcumin 0.2%); CEL (feed + 2 ppm AFB1 + 0.3% Cellulosic polymers); and, CEL + CUR (feed + 2 ppm AFB1 + 0.3% Cellulose polymers + 0.2% Curcumin). Every week, body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were calculated. On day 21, liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius, and intestine from five broilers per replicate per group were removed to obtain relative organ weight. Histopathological changes in liver, several biochemical biomarkers, antibody titers, and muscle and skin pigmentation were also recorded. Dietary addition of 0.3% CEL and 0.2% CUR separately significantly diminished some of the toxic effects resulting from AFB1 on performance parameters, relative organs weight, histopathology, immune response, and serum biochemical variables (P < 0.05); however, the combination of CUR and CEL showed a better-integrated approach for the management of poultry health problems that are related with the consumption of AFB1, since they have different mechanisms of action with different positive effects on the responses of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Solis-Cruz
- Laboratorio 5: LEDEFAR, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlan Izcalli 54714, Estado de Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Daniel Hernandez-Patlan
- Laboratorio 5: LEDEFAR, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlan Izcalli 54714, Estado de Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Victor M Petrone
- Laboratorio 5: LEDEFAR, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlan Izcalli 54714, Estado de Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Karine P Pontin
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre RS 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Juan D Latorre
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA.
| | - Eric Beyssac
- Laboratoire de Biopharmacie et Technologie Pharmaceutique, UFR de Pharmacie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
| | - Ruben Merino-Guzman
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
| | - Casey Owens
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA.
| | - Billy M Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA.
| | - Raquel Lopez-Arellano
- Laboratorio 5: LEDEFAR, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlan Izcalli 54714, Estado de Mexico, Mexico.
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Zhang HL, Xu ZQ, Yang LL, Wang YX, Li YM, Dong JQ, Zhang XY, Jiang XY, Jiang XF, Li H, Zhang DX, Zhang H. Genetic parameters for the prediction of abdominal fat traits using blood biochemical indicators in broilers. Br Poult Sci 2017; 59:28-33. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2017.1379052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. L. Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Z. Q. Xu
- Guangdong Wens Nanfang Poultry Breeding Co. Ltd, Yunfu, China
| | - L. L. Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Y. X. Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Y. M. Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - J. Q. Dong
- Institute of Animal Science of Heilongjiang Province, Qiqihar, China
| | - X. Y. Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - X. Y. Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - X. F. Jiang
- The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - H. Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - D. X. Zhang
- Guangdong Wens Nanfang Poultry Breeding Co. Ltd, Yunfu, China
| | - H. Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Ji C, Fan Y, Zhao L. Review on biological degradation of mycotoxins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:127-133. [PMID: 29767078 PMCID: PMC5941024 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide contamination of feeds and foods with mycotoxins is a significant problem. Mycotoxins pose huge health threat to animals and humans. As well, mycotoxins bring enormous economic losses in food industry and animal husbandry annually. Thus, strategies to eliminate or inactivate mycotoxins in food and feed are urgently needed. Traditional physical and chemical methods have some limitations such as limited efficacy, safety issues, losses in the nutritional value and the palatability of feeds, as well as the expensive equipment required to implement these techniques. Biological degradation of mycotoxins has shown promise because it works under mild, environmentally friendly conditions. Aflatoxin (AF), zearalenone (ZEA) and deoxynivalenol (DON) are considered the most economically important mycotoxins in terms of their high prevalence and significant negative effects on animal performance. Therefore, this review will comprehensively describe the biological degradation of AF, ZEA and DON by microorganisms (including fungi and bacteria) and specific enzymes isolated from microbial systems that can convert mycotoxins with varied efficiency to non- or less toxic products. Finally, some strategies and advices on existing difficulties of biodegradation research are also briefly proposed in this paper.
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