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Barbalho SM, de Alvares Goulart R, Minniti G, Bechara MD, de Castro MVM, Dias JA, Laurindo LF. Unraveling the rationale and conducting a comprehensive assessment of KD025 (Belumosudil) as a candidate drug for inhibiting adipogenic differentiation-a systematic review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2681-2699. [PMID: 37966572 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02834-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Rho-associated kinases (ROCKs) are crucial during the adipocyte differentiation process. KD025 (Belumosudil) is a newly developed inhibitor that selectively targets ROCK2. It has exhibited consistent efficacy in impeding adipogenesis across a spectrum of in vitro models of adipogenic differentiation. Given the novelty of this treatment, a comprehensive systematic review has not been conducted yet. This systematic review aims to fill this knowledge void by providing readers with an extensive examination of the rationale behind KD025 and its impacts on adipogenesis. Preclinical evidence was gathered owing to the absence of clinical trials. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, and the study's quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Checklist Critical Appraisal Tool for Systematic Reviews. In various in vitro models, such as 3T3-L1 cells, human orbital fibroblasts, and human adipose-derived stem cells, KD025 demonstrated potent anti-adipogenic actions. At a molecular level, KD025 had significant effects, including decreasing fibronectin (Fn) expression, inhibiting ROCK2 and CK2 activity, suppressing lipid droplet formation, and reducing the expression of proadipogenic genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα). Additionally, KD025 resulted in the suppression of fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4 or AP2) expression, a decrease in sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and Glut-4 expression. Emphasis must be placed on the fact that while KD025 shows potential in preclinical studies and experimental models, extensive research is crucial to assess its efficacy, safety, and potential therapeutic applications thoroughly and directly in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília, São Paulo, 17500-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Alvares Goulart
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Giulia Minniti
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dib Bechara
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Marcela Vialogo Marques de Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Aparecido Dias
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Marília, São Paulo, 17519-030, Brazil.
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Chen CF, Wang PF, Liao HT. Platelet-Rich Plasma Lysate Enhances the Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Ann Plast Surg 2024; 92:S12-S20. [PMID: 38285990 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000003765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have become an accepted source of cells in bone tissue engineering. This study aimed to investigate whether platelet-rich plasma (PRP) lysate can replace traditional fetal bovine serum as a culture medium with the enhanced proliferation and osteogenic potential of ADSCs. We divided the experiment into 5 groups where the ADSCs were cultured in an osteogenic medium containing 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% PRP lysate with 10% fetal bovine serum as the control group. The cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, ALP stain, alizarin red stain, osteocalcin (OCN) protein expression, and osteogenic-specific gene expression were analyzed and compared among these groups. The outcome showed that all PRP lysate-treated groups had good ALP stain and ALP activity performance. Better alizarin red stains were found in the 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% PRP lysate groups. The 2.5% and 5% PRP lysate groups showed superior results in OCN quantitative polymerase chain reaction, whereas the 5% and 7.5% PRP lysate groups showed higher OCN protein expressions. Early RUNX2 (Runt-related transcription factor 2 () genes were the most expressed in the 5% PRP lysate group, followed by the 2.5% PRP lysate group, and then the 7.5% PRP lysate group. Thus, we concluded that 5% PRP lysate seemed to provide the optimal effect on enhancing the osteogenic potential of ADSCs. Platelet-rich plasma lysate-treated ADSCs were considered to be a good cell source for application in treating nonunion or bone defects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Fang Chen
- Division of Trauma Plastic Surgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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Chen Y, Mehmood K, Chang YF, Tang Z, Li Y, Zhang H. The molecular mechanisms of glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis regulating chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification. Life Sci 2023; 335:122243. [PMID: 37949211 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Disorders of chondrocyte differentiation and endochondral osteogenesis are major underlying factors in skeletal developmental disorders, including tibial dysplasia (TD), osteoarthritis (OA), chondrodysplasia (ACH), and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED). Understanding the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of these disorders is crucial for addressing orthopedic diseases resulting from impaired glycosaminoglycan synthesis. Glycosaminoglycan is a broad term that refers to the glycan component of proteoglycan macromolecules. It is an essential component of the cartilage extracellular matrix and plays a vital role in various biological processes, including gene transcription, signal transduction, and chondrocyte differentiation. Recent studies have demonstrated that glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis plays a regulatory role in chondrocyte differentiation and endochondral osteogenesis by modulating various growth factors and signaling molecules. For instance, glycosaminoglycan is involved in mediating pathways such as Wnt, TGF-β, FGF, Ihh-PTHrP, and O-GlcNAc glycosylation, interacting with transcription factors SOX9, BMPs, TGF-β, and Runx2 to regulate chondrocyte differentiation and endochondral osteogenesis. To propose innovative approaches for addressing orthopedic diseases caused by impaired glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, we conducted a comprehensive review of the molecular mechanisms underlying chondrocyte glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, which regulates chondrocyte differentiation and endochondral osteogenesis. Our analysis considers the role of genes, glycoproteins, and associated signaling pathways during chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Morsczeck C, Pieles O, Beck HC. Analysis of the phosphoproteome in human dental follicle cells during osteogenic differentiation. Eur J Oral Sci 2023; 131:e12952. [PMID: 37664892 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Dental follicle cells (DFCs) are osteogenic progenitor cells and are well suited for molecular studies of differentiation of alveolar osteoblasts. A recent study examined the metabolism in DFCs during osteogenic differentiation and showed that energy metabolism is increased after 14 days of differentiation (mid phase). However, previous studies have examined proteomes at early (2 h, 24 h) or very late (28 days) stages of differentiation, but not during the phase of increased metabolic activity. In this study, we examined the phosphoproteome at the mid phase (14 days) of osteogenic differentiation. Analysis of DFC phosphoproteomes showed that during this phase of osteogenic differentiation, proteins that are part of signal transduction are significantly regulated. Proteins involved in the regulation of the cytoskeleton and apoptosis were also increased in expression. As osteogenic differentiation induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in DFCs, the oxidative stress defense protein, catalase, was also upregulated during osteogenic differentiation, which supports the biomineralization of DFCs. In summary, this study revealed that during the middle phase (14 days) of osteogenic differentiation, processes in DFCs related to the control of cell organization, apoptosis, and oxidative stress are regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Morsczeck
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Pieles
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Beck
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Centre for Clinical Proteomics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Zhang X, Chang M, Wang B, Liu X, Zhang Z, Han G. YAP/WNT5A/FZD4 axis regulates osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells under cyclic stretch. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:907-918. [PMID: 37340863 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To verify the role of YAP/WNT5A/FZD4 axis in stretch-induced osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs. BACKGROUND During orthodontic tooth movement, differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) at the tension side of the periodontal ligament mediates new bone formation. WNT5A promotes osteogenesis and its regulator Yes-associated protein (YAP) is responsive to mechanical stimulation in hPDLCs. However, the mechanisms of YAP and WNT5A in alveolar bone remodeling remain unclear. METHODS Cyclic stretch was applied to hPDLCs to mimic the orthodontic stretching force. Osteogenic differentiation was determined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin Red staining, qRT-PCR and western blotting. To detect activation of YAP and expression of WNT5A and its receptor Frizzled-4 (FZD4), western blotting, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR and ELISA were performed. Verteporfin, Lats-IN-1, small interfering RNAs and recombinant protein were used to explore the relationship of YAP, WNT5A and FZD4, and the effect of their relationship on stretch-induced osteogenesis of hPDLCs. RESULTS WNT5A, FZD4 and nuclear localization of YAP were upregulated by cyclic stretch. YAP positively regulated WNT5A and FZD4 expression and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs under cyclic stretch by YAP inhibition or activation assay. Knockdown of WNT5A and FZD4 attenuated YAP-induced and stretch-induced osteogenic differentiation. Recombinant WNT5A rescued the suppressed osteogenic differentiation by YAP inhibitor in hPDLCs, whereas knockdown of FZD4 weakened the effect of WNT5A and amplified the suppression. CONCLUSIONS WNT5A/FZD4 could be positively regulated by YAP and the YAP/WNT5A/FZD4 axis mediated osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs under cyclic stretch. This study provided further insight into the biological mechanism of orthodontic tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocen Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Maolin Chang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Orthodontic Department Division II, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Beike Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Orthodontic Department Division II, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Orthodontic Department Division II, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangli Han
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Orthodontic Department Division II, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Wang X, Ji L, Wang J, Liu C. Matrix stiffness regulates osteoclast fate through integrin-dependent mechanotransduction. Bioact Mater 2023; 27:138-153. [PMID: 37064801 PMCID: PMC10090259 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts ubiquitously participate in bone homeostasis, and their aberration leads to bone diseases, such as osteoporosis. Current clinical strategies by biochemical signaling molecules often perturb innate bone metabolism owing to the uncontrolled management of osteoclasts. Thus, an alternative strategy of precise regulation for osteoclast differentiation is urgently needed. To this end, this study proposed an assumption that mechanic stimulation might be a potential strategy. Here, a hydrogel was created to imitate the physiological bone microenvironment, with stiffnesses ranging from 2.43kPa to 68.2kPa. The impact of matrix stiffness on osteoclast behaviors was thoroughly investigated. Results showed that matrix stiffness could be harnessed for directing osteoclast fate in vitro and in vivo. In particular, increased matrix stiffness inhibited the integrin β3-responsive RhoA-ROCK2-YAP-related mechanotransduction and promoted osteoclastogenesis. Notably, preosteoclast development is facilitated by medium-stiffness hydrogel (M-gel) possessing the same stiffness as vessel ranging from 17.5 kPa to 44.6 kPa by partial suppression of mechanotransduction, which subsequently encouraged revascularization and bone regeneration in mice with bone defects. Our works provide an innovative approach for finely regulating osteoclast differentiation by selecting the optimum matrix stiffness and enable us further to develop a matrix stiffness-based strategy for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Luli Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
- Corresponding author.
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A Wrong Fate Decision in Adipose Stem Cells upon Obesity. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040662. [PMID: 36831329 PMCID: PMC9954614 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress has been made in identifying stem cell aging as a pathological manifestation of a variety of diseases, including obesity. Adipose stem cells (ASCs) play a core role in adipocyte turnover, which maintains tissue homeostasis. Given aberrant lineage determination as a feature of stem cell aging, failure in adipogenesis is a culprit of adipose hypertrophy, resulting in adiposopathy and related complications. In this review, we elucidate how ASC fails in entering adipogenic lineage, with a specific focus on extracellular signaling pathways, epigenetic drift, metabolic reprogramming, and mechanical stretch. Nonetheless, such detrimental alternations can be reversed by guiding ASCs towards adipogenesis. Considering the pathological role of ASC aging in obesity, targeting adipogenesis as an anti-obesity treatment will be a key area of future research, and a strategy to rejuvenate tissue stem cell will be capable of alleviating metabolic syndrome.
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Lee J, Tompkins Y, Kim DH, Kim WK, Lee K. Increased sizes and improved qualities of tibia bones by myostatin mutation in Japanese quail. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1085935. [PMID: 36685194 PMCID: PMC9846741 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1085935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Production of large amounts of meat within a short growth period from modern broilers provides a huge economic benefit to the poultry industry. However, poor bone qualities of broilers caused by rapid growth are considered as one of the problems in the modern broilers industry. After discovery and investigation of myostatin (MSTN) as an anti-myogenic factor to increase muscle mass by targeted knockout in various animal models, additional positive effects of MSTN mutation on bone qualities have been reported in MSTN knockout mice. Although the same beneficial effects on muscle gain by MSTN mutation have been confirmed in MSTN mutant quail and chickens, bone qualities of the MSTN mutant birds have not been investigated, yet. In this study, tibia bones were collected from MSTN mutant and wild-type (WT) quail at 4 months of age and analyzed by Micro-Computed Tomography scanning to compare size and strength of tibia bone and quality parameters in diaphysis and metaphysis regions. Length, width, cortical thickness, and bone breaking strength of tibia bones in the MSTN mutant group were significantly increased compared to those of the WT group, indicating positive effects of MSTN mutation on tibia bone sizes and strength. Furthermore, bone mineral contents and bone volume of whole diaphysis, diaphyseal cortical bone, whole metaphysis, and metaphyseal trabecular and cortical bones were significantly increased in the MSTN mutant group compared to the WT group, indicating increased mineralization in the overall tibia bone by MSTN mutation. Especially, higher bone mineral density (BMD) of whole diaphysis, higher total surface of whole metaphysis, and higher BMD, trabecular thickness, and total volume of metaphyseal trabecular bones in the MSTN mutant group compared to the WT group suggested improvements in bone qualities and structural soundness of both diaphysis and metaphysis regions with significant changes in trabecular bones by MSTN mutation. Taken together, MSTN can be considered as a potential target to not only increase meat yield, but also to improve bone qualities that can reduce the incidence of leg bone problems for the broiler industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonbum Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yuguo Tompkins
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Dong-Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States,*Correspondence: Woo Kyun Kim, ; Kichoon Lee,
| | - Kichoon Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Woo Kyun Kim, ; Kichoon Lee,
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Kornsuthisopon C, Chansaenroj A, Manokawinchoke J, Tompkins KA, Pirarat N, Osathanon T. Non-canonical Wnt signaling participates in Jagged1-induced osteo/odontogenic differentiation in human dental pulp stem cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7583. [PMID: 35534526 PMCID: PMC9085777 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11596-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblast differentiation requires the interaction of various cell signaling pathways to modulate cell responses. Notch and Wnt signaling are among the crucial pathways that control numerous biological processes, including osteo/odontogenic differentiation. The aim of the present study was to examine the involvement of Wnt signaling in the Jagged1-induced osteo/odontogenic differentiation in human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). The Wnt-related gene expression was analyzed from publicly available data of Jagged1-treated human dental pulp cells. The mRNA expression of Wnt ligands (WNT2B, WNT5A, WNT5B, and WNT16) and Wnt inhibitors (DKK1, DKK2, and SOST) were confirmed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Among the Wnt ligands, WNT2B and WNT5A mRNA levels were upregulated after Jagged1 treatment. In contrast, the Wnt inhibitors DKK1, DKK2, and SOST mRNA levels were downregulated. Recombinant WNT5A, but not WNT2B, significantly promoted in vitro mineral deposition by hDPSCs. Wnt signaling inhibition using IWP-2, but not DKK1, inhibited Jagged1-induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization, and osteo/odontogenic marker gene expression in hDPSCs. In conclusion, Jagged1 promoted hDPSC osteo/odontogenic differentiation by modulating the non-canonical Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatvadee Kornsuthisopon
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, 34 Henri-Dunant Rd. Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Ajjima Chansaenroj
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, 39 Henri-Dunant Rd. Pathumwan, Bangkok, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Jeeranan Manokawinchoke
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, 34 Henri-Dunant Rd. Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kevin A Tompkins
- Office of Research Affairs, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nopadon Pirarat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, 39 Henri-Dunant Rd. Pathumwan, Bangkok, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, 34 Henri-Dunant Rd. Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Shi J, Wei L. Rho Kinases in Embryonic Development and Stem Cell Research. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2022; 70:4. [PMID: 35043239 PMCID: PMC8766376 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-022-00642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinases (ROCKs or Rho kinases) belong to the AGC (PKA/PKG/PKC) family of serine/threonine kinases and are major downstream effectors of small GTPase RhoA, a key regulator of actin-cytoskeleton reorganization. The ROCK family contains two members, ROCK1 and ROCK2, which share 65% overall identity and 92% identity in kinase domain. ROCK1 and ROCK2 were assumed to be functionally redundant, based largely on their major common activators, their high degree kinase domain homology, and study results from overexpression with kinase constructs or chemical inhibitors. ROCK signaling research has expanded to all areas of biology and medicine since its discovery in 1996. The rapid advance is befitting ROCK’s versatile functions in modulating various cell behavior, such as contraction, adhesion, migration, proliferation, polarity, cytokinesis, and differentiation. The rapid advance is noticeably driven by an extensive linking with clinical medicine, including cardiovascular abnormalities, aberrant immune responsive, and cancer development and metastasis. The rapid advance during the past decade is further powered by novel biotechnologies including CRISPR-Cas and single cell omics. Current consensus, derived mainly from gene targeting and RNA interference approaches, is that the two ROCK isoforms have overlapping and distinct cellular, physiological and pathophysiology roles. In this review, we present an overview of the milestone discoveries in ROCK research. We then focus on the current understanding of ROCK signaling in embryonic development, current research status using knockout and knockin mouse models, and stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Shi
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 1044 West Walnut Street, R4-370, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA.
| | - Lei Wei
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 1044 West Walnut Street, R4-370, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA.
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Wei L, Shi J. Insight Into Rho Kinase Isoforms in Obesity and Energy Homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:886534. [PMID: 35769086 PMCID: PMC9234286 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.886534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and associated complications increasingly jeopardize global health and contribute to the rapidly rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity-related diseases. Developing novel methods for the prevention and treatment of excess body adipose tissue expansion can make a significant contribution to public health. Rho kinase is a Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (Rho kinase or ROCK). The ROCK family including ROCK1 and ROCK2 has recently emerged as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Up-regulated ROCK activity has been involved in the pathogenesis of all aspects of metabolic syndrome including obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension. The RhoA/ROCK-mediated actin cytoskeleton dynamics have been implicated in both white and beige adipogenesis. Studies using ROCK pan-inhibitors in animal models of obesity, diabetes, and associated complications have demonstrated beneficial outcomes. Studies via genetically modified animal models further established isoform-specific roles of ROCK in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders including obesity. However, most reported studies have been focused on ROCK1 activity during the past decade. Due to the progress in developing ROCK2-selective inhibitors in recent years, a growing body of evidence indicates more attention should be devoted towards understanding ROCK2 isoform function in metabolism. Hence, studying individual ROCK isoforms to reveal their specific roles and principal mechanisms in white and beige adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity, energy balancing regulation, and obesity development will facilitate significant breakthroughs for systemic treatment with isoform-selective inhibitors. In this review, we give an overview of ROCK functions in the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance with a particular focus on the current understanding of ROCK isoform signaling in white and beige adipogenesis, obesity and thermogenesis in adipose tissue and other major metabolic organs involved in energy homeostasis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wei
- *Correspondence: Lei Wei, ; Jianjian Shi,
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Lojk J, Marc J. Roles of Non-Canonical Wnt Signalling Pathways in Bone Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10840. [PMID: 34639180 PMCID: PMC8509327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signalling pathway is one of the central signalling pathways in bone development, homeostasis and regulation of bone mineral density. It consists of numerous Wnt ligands, receptors and co-receptors, which ensure tight spatiotemporal regulation of Wnt signalling pathway activity and thus tight regulation of bone tissue homeostasis. This enables maintenance of optimal mineral density, tissue healing and adaptation to changes in bone loading. While the role of the canonical/β-catenin Wnt signalling pathway in bone homeostasis is relatively well researched, Wnt ligands can also activate several non-canonical, β-catenin independent signalling pathways with important effects on bone tissue. In this review, we will provide a thorough overview of the current knowledge on different non-canonical Wnt signalling pathways involved in bone biology, focusing especially on the pathways that affect bone cell differentiation, maturation and function, processes involved in bone tissue structure regulation. We will describe the role of the two most known non-canonical pathways (Wnt/planar cell polarity pathways and Wnt/Ca2+ pathway), as well as other signalling pathways with a strong role in bone biology that communicate with the Wnt signalling pathway through non-canonical Wnt signalling. Our goal is to bring additional attention to these still not well researched but important pathways in the regulation of bone biology in the hope of prompting additional research in the area of non-canonical Wnt signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Lojk
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Janja Marc
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- University Clinical Center Ljubljana, Clinical Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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13
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Duan DY, Tang J, Tian HT, Shi YY, Jia J. Adipocyte-secreted microvesicle-derived miR-148a regulates adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation by targeting Wnt5a/Ror2 pathway. Life Sci 2021; 278:119548. [PMID: 33930365 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Adipocyte-secreted microvesicles (MVs)-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) are relevant to adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Our aims are to investigate the mechanism of adipocyte-derived MVs-miR-148a in ONFH. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adipocyte-derived MVs were identified via transmission electron microscopy and specific markers expression. The adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation were investigated by Oil-Red O staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining and osteogenic or adipogenic factors levels. Genes and proteins expression were detected by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. The relationship between miR-148a and Wnt5a was tested via dual-luciferase reporter analysis. The adipogenic differentiation and osteogenic differentiation in methylprednisolone (MPS)-induced ONFH rat model were assessed via hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and immunohistochemical staining of collagen I (COL I). KEY FINDINGS Adipocyte-derived MVs promoted adipogenic differentiation via increasing Oil-Red O staining positive cells, adiponectin (Adipoq), acid-binding protein 2 (aP2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) levels, and repressed osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via decreasing ARS staining positive cells, ALP, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and osteocalcin (OCN) levels. MiR-148a was present in adipocyte-derived MVs, and miR-148a knockdown inhibited adipogenic differentiation and promoted osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, Wnt5a expression was regulated by miR-148a. MiR-148a overexpression facilitated adipogenic differentiation and suppressed osteogenic differentiation via regulating the Wnt5a/Ror2 pathway. Adipocyte-derived MVs promoted adipogenic differentiation and inhibited osteogenic differentiation in MPS-induced ONFH rat model. SIGNIFICANCE Adipocyte-derived MVs-miR-148a promoted adipogenic differentiation and suppressed osteogenic differentiation via targeting the Wnt5a/Ror2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Yu Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Jing Tang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Hong-Tao Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yang-Yang Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Jie Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China.
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14
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Camal Ruggieri IN, Cícero AM, Issa JPM, Feldman S. Bone fracture healing: perspectives according to molecular basis. J Bone Miner Metab 2021; 39:311-331. [PMID: 33151416 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-020-01168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fractures have a great impact on health all around the world and with fracture healing optimization; this problem could be resolved partially. To make a practical contribution to this issue, the knowledge of bone tissue, cellularity, and metabolism is essential, especially cytoskeletal architecture and its transformations according to external pressures. Special physical and chemical characteristics of the extracellular matrix (ECM) allow the transmission of mechanical stimuli from outside the cell to the plasmatic membrane. The osteocyte cytoskeleton is conformed by a complex network of actin and microtubules combined with crosslinker proteins like vinculin and fimbrin, connecting and transmitting outside stimuli through EMC to cytoplasm. Herein, critical signaling pathways like Cx43-depending ones, MAPK/ERK, Wnt, YAP/TAZ, Rho-ROCK, and others are activated due to mechanical stimuli, resulting in osteocyte cytoskeletal changes and ECM remodeling, altering the tissue and, therefore, the bone. In recent years, the osteocyte has gained more interest and value in relation to bone homeostasis as a great coordinator of other cell populations, thanks to its unique functions. By integrating the latest advances in relation to intracellular signaling pathways, mechanotransmission system of the osteocyte and bone tissue engineering, there are promising experimental strategies, while some are ready for clinical trials. This work aims to show clearly and precisely the integration between cytoskeleton and main molecular pathways in relation to mechanotransmission mechanism in osteocytes, and the use of this theoretical knowledge in therapeutic tools for bone fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Nadir Camal Ruggieri
- School of Medicine, LABOATEM (Osteoarticular Biology, Tissue Engineering and Emerging Therapies Laboratory), Biological Chemistry Cat, School of Medicine, Rosario National University, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Andrés Mauricio Cícero
- School of Medicine, LABOATEM (Osteoarticular Biology, Tissue Engineering and Emerging Therapies Laboratory), Biological Chemistry Cat, School of Medicine, Rosario National University, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | - Sara Feldman
- School of Medicine, LABOATEM (Osteoarticular Biology, Tissue Engineering and Emerging Therapies Laboratory), Biological Chemistry Cat, School of Medicine, Rosario National University, Rosario, Argentina
- Research Council of the Rosario National University (CIUNR) and CONICET, Rosario, Argentina
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15
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Pieles O, Reichert TE, Morsczeck C. Classical isoforms of protein kinase C (PKC) and Akt regulate the osteogenic differentiation of human dental follicle cells via both β-catenin and NF-κB. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:242. [PMID: 33853677 PMCID: PMC8048169 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02313-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human dental follicle cells (DFCs) are the precursor cells of the periodontium with a high potential for regenerative therapies of (alveolar) bone. However, the molecular mechanisms of osteogenic differentiation are inadequately understood. Classical isoforms of protein kinase C (PKC) are reported to inhibit osteogenesis of stem/precursor cells. This study evaluated the role of classical PKCs and potential downstream targets on the osteogenic differentiation of DFCs. METHODS DFCs were osteogenic differentiated with dexamethasone or bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). Expression of PKC and potential upstream/downstream regulators was manipulated using activators, inhibitors, and small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA). Expression of proteins was examined by Western blot analysis, while the activation levels of enzymes and transcription factors were examined by their phosphorylation states or by specific activation assays. Expression levels of osteogenic markers were examined by RT-qPCR (reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction) analysis. Activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and accumulation of calcium nodules by Alizarin Red staining were measured as indicators of mineralization. RESULTS Classical PKCs like PKCα inhibit the osteogenic differentiation of DFCs, but do not interfere with the induction of differentiation. Inhibition of classical PKCs by Gö6976 enhanced activity of Akt after osteogenic induction. Akt was also regulated during differentiation and especially disturbed BMP2-induced mineralization. The PKC/Akt axis was further shown to regulate the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and eventually nuclear expression of active β-catenin during dexamethasone-induced osteogenesis. Moreover, the nuclear factor "kappa-light-chain-enhancer" of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway is regulated during osteogenic differentiation of DFCs and via the PKC/Akt axis and disturbs the mineralization. Upstream, parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) sustained the activity of PKC, while Wnt5a inhibited it. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that classical PKCs like PKCα and Akt regulate the osteogenic differentiation of DFCs partly via both β-catenin and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Pieles
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Torsten E Reichert
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Morsczeck
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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16
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MiR-105 enhances osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs via the targeted regulation of SOX9. Tissue Cell 2021; 72:101540. [PMID: 33838353 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether miR-105 can regulate the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) by targeting SOX9. METHODS The hADSCs were grouped for subsequent transfection and induction of osteogenic differentiation as follows: control, miR-NC, miR-105 mimics, miR-105 inhibitors, SOX9, SOX9 siRNA, miR-105 mimics + SOX9 and miR-105 inhibitors + SOX9 siRNA groups. Next, hADSCs were stained for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and Alizarin Red S staining (ARS) was performed. Osteogenic differentiation-related genes and miR-105 expression were assessed by qRT-PCR, while SOX9 protein expression was determined by Western blotting. RESULTS MiR-105 expression was increased and SOX9 protein expression was decreased during the osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs. A dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed SOX9 to be a target gene of miR-105. Compared with the control group, the miR-105 mimics and SOX9 siRNA groups had elevated BMP2, OPN, OCN, BSP, Osx and Runx2 mRNA expression with reduced SOX9 expression, as well as increased ARS intensity and ALP activity. After transfection of miR-105 inhibitors/SOX9 into hADSCs, the results were the opposite. Overexpressing SOX9 reversed the effect of miR-105 in promoting the osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs. CONCLUSION MiR-105 could target SOX9 to improve the expression of osteogenic differentiation genes and thus enhance the osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs.
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17
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Kawarazaki W, Mizuno R, Nishimoto M, Ayuzawa N, Hirohama D, Ueda K, Kawakami-Mori F, Oba S, Marumo T, Fujita T. Salt causes aging-associated hypertension via vascular Wnt5a under Klotho deficiency. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:4152-4166. [PMID: 32597829 DOI: 10.1172/jci134431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a high prevalence of hypertension due to elevated susceptibility of BP to dietary salt, but its mechanism is unknown. Serum levels of Klotho, an anti-aging factor, decline with age. We found that high salt (HS) increased BP in aged mice and young heterozygous Klotho-knockout mice and was associated with increased vascular expression of Wnt5a and p-MYPT1, which indicate RhoA activity. Not only the Wnt inhibitor LGK974 and the Wnt5a antagonist Box5 but Klotho supplementation inhibits HS-induced BP elevation, similarly to the Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil, associated with reduced p-MYPT1 expression in both groups of mice. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, Wnt5a and angiotensin II (Ang II) increased p-MYPT1 expression but knockdown of Wnt5a with siRNA abolished Ang II-induced upregulation of p-MYPT1, indicating that Wnt5a is indispensable for Ang II-induced Rho/ROCK activation. Notably, Klotho inhibited Wnt5a- and Ang II-induced upregulation of p-MYPT1. Consistently, Klotho supplementation ameliorated HS-induced augmentation of reduced renal blood flow (RBF) response to intra-arterial infusion of Ang II and the thromboxane A2 analog U46619, which activated RhoA in both groups of mice and were associated with the inhibition of BP elevation, suggesting that abnormal response of RBF to Ang II contributes to HS-induced BP elevation. Thus, Klotho deficiency underlies aging-associated salt-sensitive hypertension through vascular non-canonical Wnt5a/RhoA activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakako Kawarazaki
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risuke Mizuno
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Nishimoto
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ayuzawa
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daigoro Hirohama
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Ueda
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Kawakami-Mori
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Oba
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Marumo
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Fujita
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Shinshu University School of Medicine and.,Research Center for Social Systems, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
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18
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Barancik M, Kura B, LeBaron TW, Bolli R, Buday J, Slezak J. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Associated with Effects of Molecular Hydrogen in Cardiovascular and Central Nervous Systems. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121281. [PMID: 33333951 PMCID: PMC7765453 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress are important factors contributing to the development of diseases of the cardiovascular and central nervous systems. Molecular hydrogen is recognized as an emerging therapeutic, and its positive effects in the treatment of pathologies have been documented in both experimental and clinical studies. The therapeutic potential of hydrogen is attributed to several major molecular mechanisms. This review focuses on the effects of hydrogen on the cardiovascular and central nervous systems, and summarizes current knowledge about its actions, including the regulation of redox and intracellular signaling, alterations in gene expressions, and modulation of cellular responses (e.g., autophagy, apoptosis, and tissue remodeling). We summarize the functions of hydrogen as a regulator of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated redox signaling and the association of hydrogen with mitochondria as an important target of its therapeutic action. The antioxidant functions of hydrogen are closely associated with protein kinase signaling pathways, and we discuss possible roles of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, which are mediated through glycogen synthase kinase 3β and its involvement in the regulation of cellular apoptosis. Additionally, current knowledge about the role of molecular hydrogen in the modulation of autophagy and matrix metalloproteinases-mediated tissue remodeling, which are other responses to cellular stress, is summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Barancik
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.B.); (B.K.); (T.W.L.)
| | - Branislav Kura
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.B.); (B.K.); (T.W.L.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tyler W. LeBaron
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.B.); (B.K.); (T.W.L.)
- Molecular Hydrogen Institute, Enoch, UT 84721, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Outdoor Recreation, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, UT 84720, USA
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA;
| | - Jozef Buday
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, 12108 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Jan Slezak
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.B.); (B.K.); (T.W.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +42-19-03-620-181
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19
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Morsczeck C. Effects of Cellular Senescence on Dental Follicle Cells. Pharmacology 2020; 106:137-142. [PMID: 32980839 DOI: 10.1159/000510014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The dental follicle is part of the tooth germ, and isolated stem cells from this tissue (dental follicle cells; DFCs) are considered, for example, for regenerative medicine and immunotherapies. However somatic stem cells can also improve pharmaceutical research. Cell proliferation is limited by the induction of senescence, which, while reducing the therapeutic potential of DFCs for cell therapy, can also be used to study aging processes at the cellular level that can be used to test anti-aging pharmaceuticals. Unfortunately, very little is known about cellular senescence in DFCs. This review presents current knowledge about cellular senescence in DFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Morsczeck
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany,
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20
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Wu X, Wang S, Li M, Li J, Shen J, Zhao Y, Pang J, Wen Q, Chen M, Wei B, Kaboli PJ, Du F, Zhao Q, Cho CH, Wang Y, Xiao Z, Wu X. Conditional reprogramming: next generation cell culture. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1360-1381. [PMID: 32963937 PMCID: PMC7488362 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term primary culture of mammalian cells has been always difficult due to unavoidable senescence. Conventional methods for generating immortalized cell lines usually require manipulation of genome which leads to change of important biological and genetic characteristics. Recently, conditional reprogramming (CR) emerges as a novel next generation tool for long-term culture of primary epithelium cells derived from almost all origins without alteration of genetic background of primary cells. CR co-cultures primary cells with inactivated mouse 3T3-J2 fibroblasts in the presence of RHO-related protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632, enabling primary cells to acquire stem-like characteristics while retain their ability to fully differentiate. With only a few years' development, CR shows broad prospects in applications in varied areas including disease modeling, regenerative medicine, drug evaluation, drug discovery as well as precision medicine. This review is thus to comprehensively summarize and assess current progress in understanding mechanism of CR and its wide applications, highlighting the value of CR in both basic and translational researches and discussing the challenges faced with CR.
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Key Words
- 3T3-J2 fibroblast
- AACR, American Association for Cancer Research
- ACC, adenoid cystic carcinoma
- AR, androgen receptor
- CFTR, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulators
- CR, conditional reprogramming
- CYPs, cytochrome P450 enzymes
- Conditional reprogramming
- DCIS, ductal carcinoma in situ
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- ESC, embryonic stem cell
- HCMI, human cancer model initiatives
- HGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- HNE, human nasal epithelial
- HPV, human papillomaviruses
- ICD, intracellular domain
- LECs, limbal epithelial cells
- NCI, National Cancer Institute
- NGFR, nerve growth factor receptor
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- NSG, NOD/SCID/gamma
- PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
- PDX, patient derived xenograft
- PP2A, protein phosphatase 2A
- RB, retinoblastoma-associated protein
- ROCK
- ROCK, Rho kinase
- SV40, simian virus 40 large tumor antigen
- Senescence
- UVB, ultraviolet radiation b
- Y-27632
- dECM, decellularized extracellular matrix
- hASC, human adipose stem cells
- hTERT, human telomerase reverse transcriptase
- iPSCs, induction of pluripotent stem cells
- ΔNP63α, N-terminal truncated form of P63α
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital (T.C.M) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jun Pang
- Center of Radiation Oncology, Hospital (T.C.M) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Bin Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Parham Jabbarzadeh Kaboli
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qijie Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chi Hin Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
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21
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Chen X, Lai NCH, Wei K, Li R, Cui M, Yang B, Wong SHD, Deng Y, Li J, Shuai X, Bian L. Biomimetic Presentation of Cryptic Ligands via Single-Chain Nanogels for Synergistic Regulation of Stem Cells. ACS NANO 2020; 14:4027-4035. [PMID: 32223215 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic controlling the nanoscale presentation of synergistic ligands to stem cells by biomimetic single-chain materials can provide critical insights to understand the molecular crosstalk underlying cells and their extracellular matrix. Here, a stimuli-responsive single-chain macromolecular nanoregulator with conformational dynamics is fabricated based on an advanced scale-up single polymeric chain nanogel (SCNG). Such a carefully designed SCNG is capable of mediating a triggered copresentation of the master and cryptic ligands in a single molecule to elicit the synergistic crosstalk between different intracellular signaling pathways, thereby considerably boosting the bioactivity of the presented ligands. This controllable nanoswitching-on of cell-adhesive ligands' presentation allows the regulation of cell adhesion and fate from molecular scale. The modular nature of this synthetic macromolecular nanoregulator makes it a versatile nanomaterial platform to assist basic and fundamental studies in a wide array of research topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Nathanael Chun-Him Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Kongchang Wei
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Miao Cui
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Boguang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Siu Hong Dexter Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Yingrui Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Jiashen Li
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Xintao Shuai
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Liming Bian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, P.R. China
- Centre for Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.R. China
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22
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Shafaei H, Kalarestaghi H. Adipose-derived stem cells: An appropriate selection for osteogenic differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:8371-8386. [PMID: 32239731 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a major component of various forms of tissue engineering. MSCs have self-renewal and multidifferential potential. Osteogenic differentiation of MSCs is an area of attention in bone regeneration. One form of MSCs are adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), which can be simply harvested and differentiated into several cell lineages, such as chondrocytes, adipocytes, or osteoblasts. Due to special properties, ASCs are frequently used in vitro and in vivo bone regeneration. Identifying factors involved in osteogenic differentiation of ASCs is important for better understanding the mechanism of osteogenic differentiation. Different methods are used to stimulate osteogenesis of ASCs in literature, including common osteogenic media, growth factors, hormones, hypoxia, mechanical and chemical stimuli, genetic modification, and nanotechnology. This review article provides an overview describing the isolation procedure, characterization, properties, current methods for osteogenic differentiation of ASCs, and their basic biological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Shafaei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Kalarestaghi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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23
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Mohapatra P, Yadav V, Toftdahl M, Andersson T. WNT5A-Induced Activation of the Protein Kinase C Substrate MARCKS Is Required for Melanoma Cell Invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020346. [PMID: 32033033 PMCID: PMC7072258 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
WNT5A is a well-known mediator of melanoma cell invasion and metastasis via its ability to activate protein kinase C (PKC), which is monitored by phosphorylation of the endogenous PKC substrate myristoylated alanine-rich c-kinase substrate (MARCKS). However, a possible direct contribution of MARCKS in WNT5A-mediated melanoma cell invasion has not been investigated. Analyses of melanoma patient databases suggested that similar to WNT5A expression, MARCKS expression appears to be associated with increased metastasis. A relationship between the two is suggested by the findings that recombinant WNT5A (rWNT5A) induces both increased expression and phosphorylation of MARCKS, whereas WNT5A silencing does the opposite. Moreover, WNT5A-induced invasion of melanoma cells was blocked by siRNA targeting MARCKS, indicating a crucial role of MARCKS expression and/or its phosphorylation. Next, we employed a peptide inhibitor of MARCKS phosphorylation that did not affect MARCKS expression and found that it abolished WNT5A-induced melanoma cell invasion. Similarly, rWNT5A induced the accumulation of phosphorylated MARCKS in membrane protrusions at the leading edge of melanoma cells. Our results demonstrate that WNT5A-induced phosphorylation of MARCKS is not only an indicator of PKC activity but also a crucial regulator of the metastatic behavior of melanoma and therefore an attractive future antimetastatic target in melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tommy Andersson
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (T.A.); Tel.: +46-40-391167 (P.M. & T.A.)
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24
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Li R, Lin S, Zhu M, Deng Y, Chen X, Wei K, Xu J, Li G, Bian L. Synthetic presentation of noncanonical Wnt5a motif promotes mechanosensing-dependent differentiation of stem cells and regeneration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw3896. [PMID: 31663014 PMCID: PMC6795506 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw3896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Noncanonical Wnt signaling in stem cells is essential to numerous developmental events. However, no prior studies have capitalized on the osteoinductive potential of noncanonical Wnt ligands to functionalize biomaterials in enhancing the osteogenesis and associated skeleton formation. Here, we investigated the efficacy of the functionalization of biomaterials with a synthetic Wnt5a mimetic ligand (Foxy5 peptide) to promote the mechanosensing and osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells by activating noncanonical Wnt signaling. Our findings showed that the immobilized Wnt5a mimetic ligand activated noncanonical Wnt signaling via the up-regulation of Disheveled 2 and downstream RhoA-ROCK signaling, leading to enhanced intracellular calcium level, F-actin stability, actomyosin contractility, and cell adhesion structure development. This enhanced mechanotransduction in stem cells promoted the in vitro osteogenic lineage commitment and the in vivo healing of rat calvarial defects. Our work provides valuable guidance for the developmentally inspired design of biomaterials for a wide array of therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Sien Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Meiling Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Yingrui Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Kongchang Wei
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jianbin Xu
- Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P. R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Liming Bian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Center of Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, New Territories, 999077 Hong Kong, P.R. China
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25
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Extracellular vesicles from human urine-derived stem cells prevent osteoporosis by transferring CTHRC1 and OPG. Bone Res 2019; 7:18. [PMID: 31263627 PMCID: PMC6594995 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-019-0056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a debilitating bone disease affecting millions of people. Here, we used human urine-derived stem cells (USCs), which were noninvasively harvested from unlimited and easily available urine, as a “factory” to obtain extracellular vesicles (USC-EVs) and demonstrated that the systemic injection of USC-EVs effectively alleviates bone loss and maintains bone strength in osteoporotic mice by enhancing osteoblastic bone formation and suppressing osteoclastic bone resorption. More importantly, the anti-osteoporotic properties of USC-EVs are not notably disrupted by the age, gender, or health condition (with or without osteoporosis) of the USC donor. Mechanistic studies determined that collagen triple-helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) proteins are enriched in USC-EVs and required for USC-EV-induced pro-osteogenic and anti-osteoclastic effects. Our results suggest that autologous USC-EVs represent a promising novel therapeutic agent for osteoporosis by promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis by transferring CTHRC1 and OPG.
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26
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Aslani S, Abhari A, Sakhinia E, Sanajou D, Rajabi H, Rahimzadeh S. Interplay between microRNAs and Wnt, transforming growth factor-β, and bone morphogenic protein signaling pathways promote osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8082-8093. [PMID: 30548580 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblasts are terminally differentiated cells with mesenchymal origins, known to possess pivotal roles in sustaining bone microstructure and homeostasis. These cells are implicated in the pathophysiology of various bone disorders, especially osteoporosis. Over the last few decades, strategies to impede bone resorption, principally by bisphosphonates, have been mainstay of treatment of osteoporosis; however, in recent years more attention has been drawn on bone-forming approaches for managing osteoporosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a broad category of noncoding short sequence RNA fragments that posttranscriptionally regulate the expression of diverse functional and structural genes in a negative manner. An accumulating body of evidence signifies that miRNAs direct mesenchymal stem cells toward osteoblast differentiation and bone formation through bone morphogenic protein, transforming growth factor-β, and Wnt signaling pathways. MiRNAs are regarded as excellent future therapeutic candidates because of their small size and ease of delivery into the cells. Considering their novel therapeutic significance, this review discusses the main miRNAs contributing to the anabolic aspects of bone formation and illustrates their interactions with corresponding signaling pathways involved in osteoblastic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Aslani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Abhari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Sakhinia
- Deparment of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Davoud Sanajou
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Rajabi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sevda Rahimzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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27
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Regulation of osteogenesis by micro/nano hierarchical titanium surfaces through a Rock-Wnt5a feedback loop. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 170:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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28
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Focal Adhesion Kinase and ROCK Signaling Are Switch-Like Regulators of Human Adipose Stem Cell Differentiation towards Osteogenic and Adipogenic Lineages. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:2190657. [PMID: 30275837 PMCID: PMC6157106 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2190657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an attractive stem cell source for soft and bone tissue engineering applications and stem cell therapies. The adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) have a multilineage differentiation capacity that is regulated through extracellular signals. The cellular events related to cell adhesion and cytoskeleton have been suggested as central regulators of differentiation fate decision. However, the detailed knowledge of these molecular mechanisms in human ASCs remains limited. This study examined the significance of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Rho-Rho-associated protein kinase (Rho-ROCK), and their downstream target extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) on hASCs differentiation towards osteoblasts and adipocytes. Analyses of osteogenic markers RUNX2A, alkaline phosphatase, and matrix mineralization revealed an essential role of active FAK, ROCK, and ERK1/2 signaling for the osteogenesis of hASCs. Inhibition of these kinases with specific small molecule inhibitors diminished osteogenesis, while inhibition of FAK and ROCK activity led to elevation of adipogenic marker genes AP2 and LEP and lipid accumulation implicating adipogenesis. This denotes to a switch-like function of FAK and ROCK signaling in the osteogenic and adipogenic fates of hASCs. On the contrary, inhibition of ERK1/2 kinase activity deceased adipogenic differentiation, indicating that activation of ERK signaling is required for both adipogenic and osteogenic potential. Our findings highlight the reciprocal role of cell adhesion mechanisms and actin dynamics in regulation of hASC lineage commitment. This study enhances the knowledge of molecular mechanisms dictating hASC differentiation and thus opens possibilities for more efficient control of hASC differentiation.
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29
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Mieczkowska A, Schumacher A, Filipowicz N, Wardowska A, Zieliński M, Madanecki P, Nowicka E, Langa P, Deptuła M, Zieliński J, Kondej K, Renkielska A, Buckley PG, Crossman DK, Crowley MR, Czupryn A, Mucha P, Sachadyn P, Janus Ł, Skowron P, Rodziewicz-Motowidło S, Cichorek M, Pikuła M, Piotrowski A. Immunophenotyping and transcriptional profiling of in vitro cultured human adipose tissue derived stem cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11339. [PMID: 30054533 PMCID: PMC6063933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have become an important research model in regenerative medicine. However, there are controversies regarding the impact of prolonged cell culture on the ASCs phenotype and their differentiation potential. Hence, we studied 10 clinical ASCs replicates from plastic and oncological surgery patients, in six-passage FBS supplemented cultures. We quantified basic mesenchymal cell surface marker transcripts and the encoded proteins after each passage. In parallel, we investigated the differentiation potential of ASCs into chondrocytes, osteocytes and adipocytes. We further determined the effects of FBS supplementation and subsequent deprivation on the whole transcriptome by comprehensive mRNA and miRNA sequencing. Our results show that ASCs maintain differentiation potential and consistent profile of key mesenchymal markers, with apparent expression of distinct isoforms, in long-term cultures. No significant differences were observed between plastic and oncological surgery cohorts. ASCs in FBS supplemented primary cultures are almost committed to mesenchymal lineages as they express key epithelial-mesenchymal transition genes including early mesenchymal markers. Furthermore, combined mRNA/miRNA expression profiling strongly supports a modulatory role for the miR-30 family in the commitment process to mesenchymal lineages. Finally, we propose improvements to existing qPCR based assays that address alternative isoform expression of mesenchymal markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Schumacher
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Anna Wardowska
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Zieliński
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Madanecki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Nowicka
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paulina Langa
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Milena Deptuła
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jacek Zieliński
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Karolina Kondej
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Renkielska
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - David K Crossman
- Heflin Center for Genomic Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael R Crowley
- Heflin Center for Genomic Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Artur Czupryn
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Mucha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paweł Sachadyn
- Laboratory for Regenerative Biotechnology, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Skowron
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Mirosława Cichorek
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michał Pikuła
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
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30
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Dubey NK, Mishra VK, Dubey R, Deng YH, Tsai FC, Deng WP. Revisiting the Advances in Isolation, Characterization and Secretome of Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082200. [PMID: 30060511 PMCID: PMC6121360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) seems to be a promising regenerative therapeutic agent due to the minimally invasive approach of their harvest and multi-lineage differentiation potential. The harvested adipose tissues are further digested to extract stromal vascular fraction (SVF), which is cultured, and the anchorage-dependent cells are isolated in order to characterize their stemness, surface markers, and multi-differentiation potential. The differentiation potential of ASCs is directed through manipulating culture medium composition with an introduction of growth factors to obtain the desired cell type. ASCs have been widely studied for its regenerative therapeutic solution to neurologic, skin, wound, muscle, bone, and other disorders. These therapeutic outcomes of ASCs are achieved possibly via autocrine and paracrine effects of their secretome comprising of cytokines, extracellular proteins and RNAs. Therefore, secretome-derivatives might offer huge advantages over cells through their synthesis and storage for long-term use. When considering the therapeutic significance and future prospects of ASCs, this review summarizes the recent developments made in harvesting, isolation, and characterization. Furthermore, this article also provides a deeper insight into secretome of ASCs mediating regenerative efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kumar Dubey
- Ceramics and Biomaterials Research Group, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Viraj Krishna Mishra
- Applied Biotech Engineering Centre (ABEC), Department of Biotechnology, Ambala College of Engineering and Applied Research, Ambala 133101, India.
| | - Rajni Dubey
- Graduate Institute Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Yue-Hua Deng
- Stem Cell Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan.
| | - Feng-Chou Tsai
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Win-Ping Deng
- Stem Cell Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Basic medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan.
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31
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Huang X, Chen X, Chen H, Xu D, Lin C, Peng B. Rho/Rho-associated protein kinase signaling pathway-mediated downregulation of runt-related transcription factor 2 expression promotes the differentiation of dental pulp stem cells into odontoblasts. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:4457-4464. [PMID: 29731830 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the role of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in regulating the differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) into odontoblasts under the mediation of the Rho/Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway. hDPSCs and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) were mineralized to induce differentiation. The expression levels of odontoblast- and osteoblast-specific proteins, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), osteocalcin (OCN) and Runx2, were measured using western blot analysis. The hDPSCs were treated with Rho/ROCK signaling pathway inhibitor, C3 exoenzyme, and mineralized prior to determining the protein expression levels of RhoA, ROCK, Runx2, OCN, DSPP, and mRNA expression levels of early mineralization genes, including alkaline phosphatase, collagen type I, Msh homeobox 2 and distal-less homeobox 2, and late mineralization genes, including DSPP, dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1), bone sialoprotein (BSP) and OCN. Flow cytometry data indicated that 95% of the isolated hDPSCs were positive for mesenchymal stem cell markers, including cluster of differentiation (CD)29, CD90 or CD105, and vascular endothelial cell marker, CD146, whereas <5% of the hDPSCs were positive for hematopoietic stem cell markers, CD34 and CD45. The expression levels of DSPP in hDPSCs and OCN in hBMSCs were significantly upregulated with increased time in mineralization medium (P<0.01), which suggested that hDPSCs and hBMSCs were differentiated into odontoblasts and osteoblasts, respectively. During the osteogenic process, Runx2 protein was highly expressed in mesenchymal stem cells following stimulation with mineralization medium compared with cells that received no stimulation. During odontoblast differentiation in hDPSCs, Runx2 protein was highly expressed in the early stage; however, the expression declined in the late stage. Furthermore, treatment with C3 exoenzyme significantly downregulated the expression of RhoA, ROCK and Runx2 compared with the control in hDPSCs (P<0.01). Additionally, in mineralization solution, C3 exoenzyme also significantly downregulated the expression of Runx2 (P<0.01); however, the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway inhibitor did not significantly impact the expression of early mineralization genes. By contrast, C3 exoenzyme significantly upregulated the expression of DSPP and DMP-1, and downregulated the expression of BSP and OCN (P<0.01). The present findings suggested that odontoblast differentiation in hDPSCs may be regulated by Rho/ROCK signaling pathway-mediated downregulation of Runx2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Huang
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P.R. China.,Department of Endodontics, Xiamen Stomatological Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Department of Endodontics, Xiamen Stomatological Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Hongbai Chen
- Department of Periodontics, Xiamen Stomatological Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Dongwei Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Xiamen Stomatological Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of Endodontics, Xiamen Stomatological Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Bin Peng
- State Key Laboratory, Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P.R. China
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32
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Yu H, Jiang L, Wan B, Zhang W, Yao L, Che T, Gan C, Su N, He J, Huang J, Zhang K, Zhang Y. The role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in bone remodeling. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 134:44-49. [PMID: 29277341 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone remodeling is a persistent process for maintaining skeletal system homeostasis, and it depends on the dynamic equilibrium between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), a ligand-activated transcription factor, plays a pivotal role in regulating skeletal system. In order to better understand the role of Ahr in bone remodeling, we focused on bone remodeling characteristic, and the effects of Ahr on bone formation and differentiation, which suggest that Ahr is a critical control factor in the process of bone remodeling. Moreover, we discussed the impacts of Ahr on several signaling pathways related to bone remodeling, hoping to provide a theoretical basis to improve bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yu
- Department of Clincal Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China; The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China.
| | - Lili Jiang
- School of Material Science and Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Bo Wan
- The 3rd and 4th Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Cental Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Liqiong Yao
- Department of Clincal Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Tuanjie Che
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, East road no. 110 nanhe yantan, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Chao Gan
- Department of Clincal Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Na Su
- Department of Clincal Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Jinchun He
- Department of Clincal Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Jintian Huang
- The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Kaiyun Zhang
- The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Yiheng Zhang
- The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, West Road No. 1 East Hills, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
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Liu G, Yan T, Li X, Sun J, Zhang B, Wang H, Zhu Y. Daam1 activates RhoA to regulate Wnt5a‑induced glioblastoma cell invasion. Oncol Rep 2017; 39:465-472. [PMID: 29207169 PMCID: PMC5783613 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.6124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The signaling pathway of dishevelled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1 (Daam1) triggered by Wnt5a drives cell movement and migration during breast cancer metastasis. However, Wnt5a signaling in glioblastoma progression remains poorly defined. Wnt5a expression and activations of RhoA, Cdc42, and Rac1 were detected in human glioblastoma tissues by using ELISA assays and small G-protein activation assays, respectively. The cell invasion rate and Daam1 activation of glioblastoma U251 and T98MG cells were determined by cell invasion assays and pull-down assays, respectively. According to our experiments, Wnt5a expression and RhoA activation were upregulated in invasive glioblastoma tissues, with a significant positive correlation between them. Wnt5a activated Daam1 and RhoA, and subsequently promoted the invasion of glioblastoma U251 and T98MG cells. This process was abolished by secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (sFRP2), an antagonist that directly binds to Wnt5a. Specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting Daam1 markedly inhibited Wnt5a-induced RhoA activation, stress fiber formation and glioblastoma cell invasion. CCG-1423, a RhoA inhibitor, decreased Wnt5a-induced stress fiber formation and glioblastoma cell invasion. Finally, siRNA targeting Daam1 or CCG-1423 treatment did not alter the cell proliferation of glioblastoma U251 and T98MG cells. We thus concluded that Wnt5a promoted glioblastoma cell invasion via Daam1/RhoA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan Fourth People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Ting Yan
- Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide and Veterinary Drugs of Jiangsu Province, School of Public Health, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan Fourth People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Jianhui Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan Fourth People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan Fourth People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan Fourth People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Yichao Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
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Brunetti G, Faienza MF, Colaianni G, Grano M, Colucci S. Mechanisms of Altered Bone Remodeling in Multiple Myeloma. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12018-017-9236-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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35
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SNP-SNP interactions between WNT4 and WNT5A were associated with obesity related traits in Han Chinese Population. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43939. [PMID: 28272483 PMCID: PMC5341019 DOI: 10.1038/srep43939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the biological roles of WNT4 and WNT5A involved in adipogenesis, we aimed to investigate whether SNPs in WNT4 and WNT5A contribute to obesity related traits in Han Chinese population. Targeted genomic sequence for WNT4 and WNT5A was determined in 100 Han Chinese subjects and tag SNPs were selected. Both single SNP and SNP × SNP interaction association analyses with body mass index (BMI) were evaluated in the 100 subjects and another independent sample of 1,627 Han Chinese subjects. Meta-analyses were performed and multiple testing corrections were carried out using the Bonferroni method. Consistent with the Genetic Investigation of ANthropometric Traits (GIANT) dataset results, we didn’t detect significant association signals in single SNP association analyses. However, the interaction between rs2072920 and rs11918967, was associated with BMI after multiple testing corrections (combined P = 2.20 × 10−4). The signal was also significant in each contributing data set. SNP rs2072920 is located in the 3′-UTR of WNT4 and SNP rs11918967 is located in the intron of WNT5A. Functional annotation results revealed that both SNPs might be involved in transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Our results suggest that a combined effect of SNPs via WNT4-WNT5A interaction may affect the variation of BMI in Han Chinese population.
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36
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Functions of Rho family of small GTPases and Rho-associated coiled-coil kinases in bone cells during differentiation and mineralization. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1009-1023. [PMID: 28188861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Members of Rho-associated coiled-coil kinases (ROCKs) are effectors of Rho family of small GTPases. ROCKs have multiple functions that include regulation of cellular contraction and polarity, adhesion, motility, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, maturation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). SCOPE OF THE REVIEW Here, we focus on the action of RhoA and RhoA effectors, ROCK1 and ROCK2, in cells related to tissue mineralization: mesenchymal stem cells, chondrocytes, preosteoblasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes, lining cells and osteoclasts. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The activation of the RhoA/ROCK pathway promotes stress fiber formation and reduces chondrocyte and osteogenic differentiations, in contrast to that in mesenchymal stem cells which stimulated the osteogenic and the chondrogenic differentiation. The effects of Rac1 and Cdc42 in promoting chondrocyte hypertrophy and of Rac1, Rac2 and Cdc42 in osteoclast are discussed. In addition, members of the Rho family of GTPases such Rac1, Rac2, Rac3 and Cdc42, acting upstream of ROCK and/or other protein effectors, may compensate the actions of RhoA, affecting directly or indirectly the actions of ROCKs as well as other protein effectors. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE ROCK activity can trigger cartilage degradation and affect bone formation, therefore these kinases may represent a possible therapeutic target to treat osteoarthritis and osseous diseases. Inhibition of Rho/ROCK activity in chondrocytes prevents cartilage degradation, stimulate mineralization of osteoblasts and facilitate bone formation around implanted metals. Treatment with osteoprotegerin results in a significant decrease in the expression of Rho GTPases, ROCK1 and ROCK2, reducing bone resorption. Inhibition of ROCK signaling increases osteoblast differentiation in a topography-dependent manner.
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Zhang F, Song J, Zhang H, Huang E, Song D, Tollemar V, Wang J, Wang J, Mohammed M, Wei Q, Fan J, Liao J, Zou Y, Liu F, Hu X, Qu X, Chen L, Yu X, Luu HH, Lee MJ, He TC, Ji P. Wnt and BMP Signaling Crosstalk in Regulating Dental Stem Cells: Implications in Dental Tissue Engineering. Genes Dis 2016; 3:263-276. [PMID: 28491933 PMCID: PMC5421560 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth is a complex hard tissue organ and consists of multiple cell types that are regulated by important signaling pathways such as Wnt and BMP signaling. Serious injuries and/or loss of tooth or periodontal tissues may significantly impact aesthetic appearance, essential oral functions and the quality of life. Regenerative dentistry holds great promise in treating oral/dental disorders. The past decade has witnessed a rapid expansion of our understanding of the biological features of dental stem cells, along with the signaling mechanisms governing stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. In this review, we first summarize the biological characteristics of seven types of dental stem cells, including dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from apical papilla, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, dental follicle precursor cells, periodontal ligament stem cells, alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and MSCs from gingiva. We then focus on how these stem cells are regulated by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and/or Wnt signaling by examining the interplays between these pathways. Lastly, we analyze the current status of dental tissue engineering strategies that utilize oral/dental stem cells by harnessing the interplays between BMP and Wnt pathways. We also highlight the challenges that must be addressed before the dental stem cells may reach any clinical applications. Thus, we can expect to witness significant progresses to be made in regenerative dentistry in the coming decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fugui Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jinglin Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Enyi Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dongzhe Song
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Viktor Tollemar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Maryam Mohammed
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Qiang Wei
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiaming Fan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Junyi Liao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yulong Zou
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xue Hu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiangyang Qu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Liqun Chen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xinyi Yu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hue H Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael J Lee
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ping Ji
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
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Li S, Hu C, Li J, Liu L, Jing W, Tang W, Tian W, Long J. Effect of miR-26a-5p on the Wnt/Ca(2+) Pathway and Osteogenic Differentiation of Mouse Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 99:174-86. [PMID: 27040676 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells into osteogenic cells may lead to new methods for bone tissue engineering. We examined the role of miR-26a-5p in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation of mouse adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (mADSCs) by using mimics and inhibitors of this microRNA. Our results showed that over-expression of miR-26a-5p inhibited osteogenesis and that suppression of endogenous miR-26a-5p promoted osteogenesis. Four bioinformatics algorithms indicated that the 3'UTR of Wnt5a was a potential target of miR-26a-5p. We confirmed this prediction by use of dual-luciferase reporter assay and GFP/RFP assay. We also examined the molecular mechanisms by which miR-26a-5p regulates osteogenesis. Fura-2AM and Western blot assays after transfection indicated that miR-26a-5p repressed WNT5A, inhibited calcium flux and protein kinase C, and suppressed osteogenic differentiation of mADSCs. By contrast, miR-26a-5p inhibition activated these signal proteins and promoted osteogenic differentiation. Taken together, our results suggest that up-regulation of miR-26a-5p inhibits osteogenic differentiation of mADSCs by directly targeting the 3'UTR of Wnt5a, thereby down-regulating the Wnt/Ca(2+) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jing
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Tian
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Long
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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39
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Kumawat K, Gosens R. WNT-5A: signaling and functions in health and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:567-87. [PMID: 26514730 PMCID: PMC4713724 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2076-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
WNT-5A plays critical roles in a myriad of processes from embryonic morphogenesis to the maintenance of post-natal homeostasis. WNT-5A knock-out mice fail to survive and present extensive structural malformations. WNT-5A predominantly activates β-catenin-independent WNT signaling cascade but can also activate β-catenin signaling to relay its diverse cellular effects such as cell polarity, migration, proliferation, cell survival, and immunomodulation. Moreover, aberrant WNT-5A signaling is associated with several human pathologies such as cancer, fibrosis, and inflammation. Thus, owing to its diverse functions, WNT-5A is a crucial signaling molecule currently under intense investigation with efforts to not only delineate its signaling mechanisms and functions in physiological and pathological conditions, but also to develop strategies for its therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Kumawat
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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40
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Vasopressin-induced Ca(2+) signals in human adipose-derived stem cells. Cell Calcium 2016; 59:135-9. [PMID: 26830970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca(2+) signals are essential for stem cell differentiation due to their ability to control signaling pathways involved in this process. Arginine vasopression (AVP) is a neurohypophyseal hormone that increases intracellular Ca(2+) concentration during adipogenesis via V1a receptors, Gq-proteins and the PLC-IP3 pathway in human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (hASCs). These Ca(2+) signals originate through calcium release from pools within the endoplasmic reticulum and the extracellular space. AVP supplementation to the adipogenic media inhibits adipogenesis and key adipocyte marker genes. This review focuses on the intersection between AVP, Ca(2+) signals and ASC differentiation.
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41
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Selvaraj P, Huang JSW, Chen A, Skalka N, Rosin-Arbesfeld R, Loh YP. Neurotrophic factor-α1 modulates NGF-induced neurite outgrowth through interaction with Wnt-3a and Wnt-5a in PC12 cells and cortical neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 68:222-33. [PMID: 26276171 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt-3a and Wnt-5a signaling activities inhibit and promote neurite outgrowth, respectively, to regulate dendritic and axonal genesis during neurodevelopment. NF-α1, a neurotrophic factor, has been shown to modulate dendritic remodeling and negatively regulate the canonical Wnt-3a pathway. Here, we investigated whether NF-α1 could modify nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth through interaction with Wnt-3a and Wnt-5a in PC12 cells and mouse primary cortical neurons. We showed that NGF-induced neurite outgrowth was inhibited by Wnt-3a, and this inhibition was prevented by NF-α1. Western blot analysis revealed that NF-α1 reduced the expression of both β-catenin in the canonical Wnt-3a pathway and Rho, a downstream effector of Wnt-3a's non-canonical signaling pathway. Treatment of PC12 cells with a ROCK inhibitor prevented the inhibition of NGF-induced neurite outgrowth by Wnt-3a, suggesting that NF-α1 promotes neurite outgrowth in the presence of Wnt-3a by down-regulating its canonical and non-canonical activities. Interestingly, treatment of PC12 cells with Wnt-5a, which formed a complex with NF-α1, induced neurite outgrowth that was enhanced by treatment with the combination of Wnt-5a, NGF, and NF-α1. These effects of NF-α1 on Wnt 3a's and Wnt 5a's regulation of neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells were also demonstrated in primary cultures of mouse cortical neurons. In addition, we showed in PC12 cells that NF-α1 acts by upregulating adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) accumulation at neurite tips, thereby providing positive and negative Wnt-3a/Wnt-5a mediated cues to modulate neurite outgrowth, a process important during neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhuanand Selvaraj
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, Program on Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jane S W Huang
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, Program on Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexander Chen
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, Program on Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nir Skalka
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Rina Rosin-Arbesfeld
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Y Peng Loh
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, Program on Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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42
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Galea GL, Meakin LB, Savery D, Taipaleenmaki H, Delisser P, Stein GS, Copp AJ, van Wijnen AJ, Lanyon LE, Price JS. Planar cell polarity aligns osteoblast division in response to substrate strain. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:423-35. [PMID: 25264362 PMCID: PMC4333081 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of bone to dynamic strain increases the rate of division of osteoblasts and also influences the directional organization of the cellular and molecular structure of the bone tissue that they produce. Here, we report that brief exposure to dynamic substrate strain (sufficient to rapidly stimulate cell division) influences the orientation of osteoblastic cell division. The initial proliferative response to strain involves canonical Wnt signaling and can be blocked by sclerostin. However, the strain-related orientation of cell division is independently influenced through the noncanonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. Blockade of Rho-associated coiled kinase (ROCK), a component of the PCP pathway, prevents strain-related orientation of division in osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells. Heterozygous loop-tail mutation of the core PCP component van Gogh-like 2 (Vangl2) in mouse osteoblasts impairs the orientation of division in response to strain. Examination of bones from Vangl2 loop-tail heterozygous mice by µCT and scanning electron microscopy reveals altered bone architecture and disorganized bone-forming surfaces. Hence, in addition to the well-accepted role of PCP involvement in response to developmental cues during skeletal morphogenesis, our data reveal that this pathway also acts postnatally, in parallel with canonical Wnt signaling, to transduce biomechanical cues into skeletal adaptive responses. The simultaneous and independent actions of these two pathways appear to influence both the rate and orientation of osteoblast division, thus fine-tuning bone architecture to meet the structural demands of functional loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel L Galea
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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43
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RhoGTPases as key players in mammalian cell adaptation to microgravity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:747693. [PMID: 25649831 PMCID: PMC4310447 DOI: 10.1155/2015/747693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of studies are revealing that cells reorganize their cytoskeleton when exposed to conditions of microgravity. Most, if not all, of the structural changes observed on flown cells can be explained by modulation of RhoGTPases, which are mechanosensitive switches responsible for cytoskeletal dynamics control. This review identifies general principles defining cell sensitivity to gravitational stresses. We discuss what is known about changes in cell shape, nucleus, and focal adhesions and try to establish the relationship with specific RhoGTPase activities. We conclude by considering the potential relevance of live imaging of RhoGTPase activity or cytoskeletal structures in order to enhance our understanding of cell adaptation to microgravity-related conditions.
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44
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Osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis with cocultured adipose-derived stromal cells and bone marrow stromal cells. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4792-804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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45
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Matta C, Mobasheri A. Regulation of chondrogenesis by protein kinase C: Emerging new roles in calcium signalling. Cell Signal 2014; 26:979-1000. [PMID: 24440668 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
During chondrogenesis, complex intracellular signalling pathways regulate an intricate series of events including condensation of chondroprogenitor cells and nodule formation followed by chondrogenic differentiation. Reversible phosphorylation of key target proteins is of particular importance during this process. Among protein kinases known to be involved in these pathways, protein kinase C (PKC) subtypes play pivotal roles. However, the precise function of PKC isoenzymes during chondrogenesis and in mature articular chondrocytes is still largely unclear. In this review, we provide a historical overview of how the concept of PKC-mediated chondrogenesis has evolved, starting from the first discoveries of PKC isoform expression and activity. Signalling components upstream and downstream of PKC, leading to the stimulation of chondrogenic differentiation, are also discussed. Although it is evident that we are only at the beginning to understand what roles are assigned to PKC subtypes during chondrogenesis and how they are regulated, there are many yet unexplored aspects in this area. There is evidence that calcium signalling is a central regulator in differentiating chondroprogenitors; still, clear links between intracellular calcium signalling and prototypical calcium-dependent PKC subtypes such as PKCalpha have not been established. Exploiting putative connections and shedding more light on how exactly PKC signalling pathways influence cartilage formation should open new perspectives for a better understanding of healthy as well as pathological differentiation processes of chondrocytes, and may also lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Matta
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical and Health Science Centre, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- D-BOARD European Consortium for Biomarker Discovery, Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Medical Research Council and Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom; School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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46
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Van Camp JK, Beckers S, Zegers D, Van Hul W. Wnt Signaling and the Control of Human Stem Cell Fate. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2013; 10:207-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-013-9486-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Brown PT, Handorf AM, Jeon WB, Li WJ. Stem cell-based tissue engineering approaches for musculoskeletal regeneration. Curr Pharm Des 2013; 19:3429-45. [PMID: 23432679 DOI: 10.2174/13816128113199990350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering is an ever evolving field that holds promise in treating numerous musculoskeletal diseases and injuries. An important impetus in the development of the field was the discovery and implementation of stem cells. The utilization of mesenchymal stem cells, and later embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, opens new arenas for tissue engineering and presents the potential of developing stem cell-based therapies for disease treatment. Multipotent and pluripotent stem cells can produce various lineage tissues, and allow for derivation of a tissue that may be comprised of multiple cell types. As the field grows, the combination of biomaterial scaffolds and bioreactors provides methods to create an environment for stem cells that better represent their microenvironment for new tissue formation. As technologies for the fabrication of biomaterial scaffolds advance, the ability of scaffolds to modulate stem cell behavior advances as well. The composition of scaffolds could be of natural or synthetic materials and could be tailored to enhance cell self-renewal and/or direct cell fates. In addition to biomaterial scaffolds, studies of tissue development and cellular microenvironments have determined other factors, such as growth factors and oxygen tension, that are crucial to the regulation of stem cell activity. The overarching goal of stem cell-based tissue engineering research is to precisely control differentiation of stem cells in culture. In this article, we review current developments in tissue engineering, focusing on several stem cell sources, induction factors including growth factors, oxygen tension, biomaterials, and mechanical stimulation, and the internal and external regulatory mechanisms that govern proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Brown
- Wisconsin Institutes of Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
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48
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Gon H, Fumoto K, Ku Y, Matsumoto S, Kikuchi A. Wnt5a signaling promotes apical and basolateral polarization of single epithelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:3764-74. [PMID: 24088568 PMCID: PMC3843002 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-07-0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signal plays important roles in polarization. Here intestinal epithelial cells are shown to form apicobasal polarization at a single-cell level in an extracellular matrix adhesion–dependent manner. Wnt5a signaling promotes single-cell polarization through balanced control between Rac1 and RhoA activities spatially. Single epithelial-derived tumor cells have been shown to induce apical and basolateral (AB) polarity by expression of polarization-related proteins. However, physiological cues and molecular mechanisms for AB polarization of single normal epithelial cells are unclear. When intestinal epithelial cells 6 (IEC6 cells) were seeded on basement membrane proteins (Matrigel), single cells formed an F-actin cap on the upper cell surface, where apical markers accumulated, and a basolateral marker was localized to the rest of the cell surface region, in a Wnt5a signaling–dependent manner. However, these phenotypes were not induced by type I collagen. Rac1 activity in the noncap region was higher than that in the cap region, whereas Rho activity increased toward the cap region. Wnt5a signaling activated and inhibited Rac1 and RhoA, respectively, independently through Tiam1 and p190RhoGAP-A, which formed a tertiary complex with Dishevelled. Furthermore, Wnt5a signaling through Rac1 and RhoA was required for cystogenesis of IEC6 cells. These results suggest that Wnt5a promotes the AB polarization of IEC6 cells through regulation of Rac and Rho activities in a manner dependent on adhesion to specific extracellular matrix proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Gon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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Zhang X, Guo J, Zhou Y, Wu G. The roles of bone morphogenetic proteins and their signaling in the osteogenesis of adipose-derived stem cells. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 20:84-92. [PMID: 23758605 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Large-size bone defects can severely compromise both aesthetics and musculoskeletal functions. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs)-based bone tissue engineering has recently become a promising treatment strategy for the above situation. As robust osteoinductive cytokines, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are commonly used to promote the osteogenesis of ASCs. In this process, BMP signaling plays a pivotal role. However, it remains ambiguous how the pleiotrophic BMPs are involved in the commitment of ASCs along osteogenesis instead of other lineages, such as adipogenesis. BMP receptor type-IB, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and Wnt5a appear to be the main switches controlling the in vitro osteogenic commitment of ASCs. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, an acute inflammatory cytokine, is reported to play an important role in mediating osteogenic commitment of ASCs in vivo. In addition, various active agents and methods have been used to enhance and accelerate the osteogenesis of ASCs through promoting BMP signaling. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the roles of BMPs and their signaling in the osteogenesis of ASCs in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology , Beijing, P.R. China
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Serrat R, López-Doménech G, Mirra S, Quevedo M, Garcia-Fernàndez J, Ulloa F, Burgaya F, Soriano E. The non-canonical Wnt/PKC pathway regulates mitochondrial dynamics through degradation of the arm-like domain-containing protein Alex3. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67773. [PMID: 23844091 PMCID: PMC3699457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of mitochondrial dynamics is vital in complex cell types, such as neurons, that transport and localize mitochondria in high energy-demanding cell domains. The Armcx3 gene encodes a mitochondrial-targeted protein (Alex3) that contains several arm-like domains. In a previous study we showed that Alex3 protein regulates mitochondrial aggregation and trafficking. Here we studied the contribution of Wnt proteins to the mitochondrial aggregation and dynamics regulated by Alex3. Overexpression of Alex3 in HEK293 cells caused a marked aggregation of mitochondria, which was attenuated by treatment with several Wnts. We also found that this decrease was caused by Alex3 degradation induced by Wnts. While the Wnt canonical pathway did not alter the pattern of mitochondrial aggregation induced by Alex3, we observed that the Wnt/PKC non-canonical pathway regulated both mitochondrial aggregation and Alex3 protein levels, thereby rendering a mitochondrial phenotype and distribution similar to control patterns. Our data suggest that the Wnt pathway regulates mitochondrial distribution and dynamics through Alex3 protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Román Serrat
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Developmental Neurobiology and Regeneration Lab, Institute for Research in Biomedicine Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo López-Doménech
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Developmental Neurobiology and Regeneration Lab, Institute for Research in Biomedicine Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Serena Mirra
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Developmental Neurobiology and Regeneration Lab, Institute for Research in Biomedicine Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martí Quevedo
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Developmental Neurobiology and Regeneration Lab, Institute for Research in Biomedicine Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Garcia-Fernàndez
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fausto Ulloa
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Developmental Neurobiology and Regeneration Lab, Institute for Research in Biomedicine Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ferrán Burgaya
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Developmental Neurobiology and Regeneration Lab, Institute for Research in Biomedicine Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Developmental Neurobiology and Regeneration Lab, Institute for Research in Biomedicine Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
- Fundación CIEN, Vallecas, Madrid, Spain
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