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Singh J, Jangra A, Kumar D. Recent advances in toxicological research of di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate: Focus on endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 356:141922. [PMID: 38593956 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) is the most significant phthalate in production, usage, and environmental occurrence. DEHP is found in products such as personal care products, furniture materials, cosmetics, and medical devices. DEHP is noncovalently bind with plastic therefore, repeated uses lead to leaching out of it. Exposure to DEHP plasticizers leads to toxicity in essential organs of the body through various mechanisms. The main objective of this review article is to focus on the DEHP-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway implicated in the testis, brain, lungs, kidney, heart, liver, and other organs. Not only ER stress, PPAR-related pathways, oxidative stress and inflammation, Ca2+ homeostasis disturbances in mitochondria are also identified as the relative mechanisms. ER is involved in various critical functions of the cell such as Protein synthesis, protein folding, calcium homeostasis, and lipid peroxidation but, DEHP exposure leads to augmentation of misfolded/unfolded protein. This review complies with various recently reported DEHP-induced toxicity studies and some pharmacological interventions that have been shown to be effective through ER stress pathway. DEHP exposure does assess health risks and vulnerability to populations across the globe. This study offers possible targets and approaches for addressing various DEHP-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiten Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Ashok Jangra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, Haryana, India.
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, Haryana, India.
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Chen Q, Deng Q, Liao Q, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Wu D, Lv Y, Qin J, Liu Q, Li S, Long Z, Xing X, Wang Q, Zeng X, Dong G, Hou M, Xiao Y. 8-OHdG mediates the association of co-exposure to fifty-five typical endocrine-disrupting chemicals with renal function: a cross-section investigation in Southern Chinese adults. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33266-1. [PMID: 38613763 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33266-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Individual typical endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including organophosphate triesters (OPEs), parabens, triclosan (TCS), bisphenols, benzophenones (BPs), phthalates (PAEs), and synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs), are associated with renal dysfunction. However, the combined effects and underlying mechanisms of mixed EDC exposure on renal function remain unclear. Two hundred ninety-nine adult participants were enrolled in the cross-sectional survey conducted in Guangzhou, China. Urinary levels of 7 OPEs, 6 parabens, TCS, 14 bisphenols, 8 BPs, 15 PAEs, 4 SPAs, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were determined, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was served as the outcome index. We found elevated levels of diphenyl phosphate (DPP), bisphenol A (BPA), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), and mono-butyl phthalate (MBP) showed dose-responsive associations with eGFR decline, However, nonlinear associations were observed for bis(2-butoxyethyl) hydrogen phosphate (BBOEP), TCS, 4-hydroxybenzophenone (HBP), mono-n-pentyl phthalate (MnPP), and mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP). The quantile-based g-computation model demonstrated that a quartile increase in the EDC mixture corresponded to a 0.383-SD decrease (95% CI - 0.658 ~ - 0.108, P = 0.007) in eGFR. Notably, BPA was identified as the primary contributor to this effect. Moreover, 8-OHdG mediated the eGFR decline associated with EDC mixtures with a mediation proportion of 25.49%. A sex-modified effect was also observed (P = 0.004), indicating that exposure to the mixture of EDC was linked to more pronounced renal dysfunction in females. Our novel findings suggest that exposure to a typical mixture of EDCs is associated with renal dysfunction in the general adult population of Southern China. Furthermore, 8-OHdG may play a role in the pathogenesis of EDC mixture-related renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfei Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Qifei Deng
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Qilong Liao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510530, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaorui Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Dehua Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanrong Lv
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingyao Qin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuangqi Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zihao Long
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiumei Xing
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaowen Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanghui Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengjun Hou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongmei Xiao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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Zhu Y, Ma XY, Cui LG, Xu YR, Li CX, Talukder M, Li XN, Li JL. Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induced lipophagy-related renal ferroptosis in quail (Coturnix japonica). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170724. [PMID: 38325449 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a synthetic chemical applied as a plasticizer. As an environmental toxicant, DEHP poses a serious health threat. Many studies have revealed that DEHP can cause lead to various degrees of damage to the kidney. However, the evidence of DEHP-induced renal ferroptosis has not been reported. The purpose of this work was to probe the specific role of lipophagy in DEHP-induced renal injury and to investigate the relationship between lipophagy and ferroptosis. Quail were treated with DEHP (250 mg/kg BW/day, 500 mg/kg BW/day and 750 mg/kg BW/day) for 45 days. Microstructural and ultrastructural observations showed that DEHP caused damage to glomerular and tubular cells, and autophagy with multilayer structures were observed, suggesting that DEHP can induce lipophagy. The results indicated that the iron homeostasis was abnormal and the lipid peroxidation was increased. SLC7A11 and SLC3A2 were down-regulated. PTGS2, ACSL4 and LPCAT3 were elevated. In conclusion, DEHP could induce lipid peroxidation, lead to ferroptosis, and damage renal cells. Therefore, the relationship between lipophagy and ferroptosis was elucidated, which provided a new basis for intervention and prevention of DEHP increased diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xiang-Yu Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Ling-Ge Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Ya-Ru Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Chen-Xi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Milton Talukder
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal 8210, Bangladesh
| | - Xue-Nan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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Moscardi AC, Irioda AC, Mogharbel BF, Milhorini SDS, Ferreira JDS, Santos SGD, Martino Andrade AJ, Guiloski IC. Exposure to the plasticizer diisopentyl phthalate can cause Vero cell line death. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 186:114521. [PMID: 38369054 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Phthalates are synthetic plasticizers present in the daily lives of humans, as part of the composition of different products, such as food packaging, water bottles, and toys. These compounds can migrate from plastic materials to the environment changing biological systems. Although diisopentyl phthalate (DiPeP) is largely used in Brazil, there is a lack of information on the possible toxic effects of this compound. This research aims to evaluate the toxicity of DiPeP in the Vero renal cells. These cells were exposed to the 1-1000 μM of DiPeP for 24 and 72 h and subsequently, the cytotoxicity, apoptosis and necrosis-inducing potential, and antioxidant system (SOD, GPx, and GST) were investigated. DiPeP neither caused cytotoxicity nor altered SOD and GPx activity, although GST has been increased at 100 or 1 μM (24 and 72 h, respectively). However, cell death by apoptosis and necrosis was observed. These results indicate that DiPeP caused cell death by a non-oxidative stress-mediated mechanism, which shows the relevance of investigate other process in further researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catharina Moscardi
- Instituto de Pesquisas Pele Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Shayane da Silva Milhorini
- Instituto de Pesquisas Pele Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva Ferreira
- Instituto de Pesquisas Pele Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sheila Gabriel Dos Santos
- Instituto de Pesquisas Pele Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Izonete Cristina Guiloski
- Instituto de Pesquisas Pele Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Chen MS, Wang JX, Zhang H, Cui JG, Zhao Y, Li JL. Novel Role of Hemeoxygenase-1 in Phthalate-Induced Renal Proximal Tubule Cell Ferroptosis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:2579-2589. [PMID: 36696656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are widely used to improve the flexibility of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) polymer agriculture products. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a type of addition to plastic and can lead to many health problems. Hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an extremely important molecule that releases enzymatic products to promote ferroptosis. This research aimed to explore the function of HO-1 in DEHP-induced renal proximal tubule cell ferroptosis. In the experiment, ICR male mice are exposed to (0, 50, 200, and 500 mg/kg BW/day) DEHP for 28 days. Here, we observed that DEHP induced glomeruli atrophy and the tubules swell. Furthermore, DEHP exposure could increase ferrous iron content and decrease antioxidant activity. We also found that DEHP exposure increased the expression of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (NFE2L2) in the nucleus. In particular, the expression of (HO-1) is significantly increased both in protein and mRNA levels. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) as an endogenous control of ferroptosis was downregulated, which proved the occurrence of ferroptosis. In the study, exposure to DEHP activated the NFE2L2/HO-1 signaling pathway and resulted in ferroptosis of the proximal tubule. This research connects ferroptosis with HO-1, providing new insights into the potential roles of phthalates in nephrotoxicity.
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Dimethyl Fumarate Attenuates Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate-Induced Nephrotoxicity Through the Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Inflammation 2023; 46:453-467. [PMID: 36195817 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01746-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the nephroprotective effect of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) against Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)-induced nephrotoxicity in both in vitro and in vivo models. The HEK-293 cells were exposed to different concentrations of DMF plus IC50 concentration of monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) (the main metabolite of DEHP). Then, some of the oxidative stress parameters including ROS, MDA, and GSH, and cytotoxicity (MTT assay) were determined in treated cells. For in vivo evaluation, rats were divided into 7 groups (n = 6 per group). Corn oil group (gavage), DEHP group (200 mg/kg dissolved in corn oil, gavage), DMF (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg, gavage) plus DEHP (200 mg/kg) groups, DMF (60 mg/kg, gavage) alone, and vitamin E (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (IP)) plus DEHP (200 mg/kg) group. This treatment continued for 45 days. Then, BUN and creatinine were evaluated by a commercial kit based on the urease enzymatic method and the Jaffe method, respectively. Mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction parameters were evaluated using appropriate reagents, and gene expression of the p65 nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were evaluated by real-time PCR method. High concentrations of DMF significantly increased cell viability, and GSH content and significantly decreased ROS and MDA levels compared with the MEHP group in HEK-293 cells. DMF (60 mg/kg) significantly decreased BUN and creatinine levels compared with the DEHP group. Mitochondrial function and mitochondrial swelling were significantly improved in DMF group (60 mg/kg) compared with the DEHP group. DMF (30 and 60 mg/kg) significantly improved MMP collapse compared with the DEHP group. DMF (30 and 60 mg/kg) significantly decreased ROS levels compared with the DEHP group in isolated kidney mitochondria. DMF (60 mg/kg) significantly decreased MDA levels and significantly increased GSH content compared with DEHP group in isolated kidney mitochondria. The mRNA expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 were significantly reduced in the DEHP group compared to the control group and were significantly increased in the DMF group compared to the DEHP group. p65NF-κB and TNFα mRNA expression levels were significantly increased in the DEHP group compared to the control group. However, DMF significantly decreased p65NF-κB and TNFα mRNA expression compared to the DEHP group. DMF can act as a nephroprotective agent against DEHP partly through modulation of oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and inflammation.
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Zhang X, Flaws JA, Spinella MJ, Irudayaraj J. The Relationship between Typical Environmental Endocrine Disruptors and Kidney Disease. TOXICS 2022; 11:32. [PMID: 36668758 PMCID: PMC9863798 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances that alter the endocrine function of an organism, to result in adverse effects on growth and development, metabolism, and reproductive function. The kidney is one of the most important organs in the urinary system and an accumulation point. Studies have shown that EDCs can cause proteinuria, affect glomeruli and renal tubules, and even lead to diabetes and renal fibrosis in animal and human studies. In this review, we discuss renal accumulation of select EDCs such as dioxins, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), bisphenol A (BPA), and phthalates, and delineate how exposures to such EDCs cause renal lesions and diseases, including cancer. The regulation of typical EDCs with specific target genes and the activation of related pathways are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jodi A. Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Michael J. Spinella
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute of Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Liu S, Wang Y, Huang F, Wang H, Yang R, Yang Q, He G, Chen B, Dong R. Associations of exposure to melamine, cyanuric acid, phthalates with markers of early kidney impairment, and their interactions in US adults: analyses of NHANES 2003-2004 data. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:79516-79528. [PMID: 35715676 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Melamine (MEL), cyanuric acid (CYA), and phthalates have kidney toxicity, respectively. Still, no study has explored whether there is an interaction of co-exposure to MEL, CYA, and phthalates on early kidney impairment, including cystatin C (CYST), beta 2-microglobulin (β2-MG), albumin creatinine ratio (ACR), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Urine samples were collected from 333 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004, and urinary MEL, CYA, and ten metabolites of phthalates were quantified. The multiple markers of early kidney impairment were also measured, including serum CYST, β2-MG, urinary ACR, and eGFR. Their associations were explored by multiple linear and multivariate logistic regression models. Meanwhile, the interactions of co-exposure to MEL, CYA, and phthalates on early kidney impairment were analyzed by Wilcoxon rank-sum test combined with the LSD test. In the multiple linear regression model, urinary concentrations of monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP), mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), and mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) were positively associated with urinary ACR, serum β2-MG, and CYST, respectively. Urinary concentrations of MBzP and MCPP were negatively associated with eGFR. In the multivariate logistic regression model, increased urinary CYA concentration was the risk factor of CYST abnormality with an odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval, 95% CI) of 2.38 (1.01, 5.60) (P = 0.047) and increased urinary MBzP concentration was the risk factor of ACR abnormality with an OR of 2.59 (1.41, 4.75) (P = 0.002). The co-exposure to MEL, CYA, and four phthalate metabolites (MEHP, MBzP, MCPP, and MECPP) presented significantly interactive effects on the markers of early kidney impairment, respectively. There were the independent and interactive effects of exposure to MEL, CYA, and specific phthalate metabolites on early kidney impairment. Due to co-exposure to multiple environmental chemicals in our daily life, more attention should be paid to the health damage raised by the synergistic effects of environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Liu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Feifei Huang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hangwei Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ruoru Yang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qifan Yang
- Chemical Laboratory, Jing'an District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200041, China
| | - Gengsheng He
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bo Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ruihua Dong
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Wang Z, Sun Y, Gu L, Zhang T, Liu S, Wang S, Wang Z. Association of urinary phthalate metabolites with renal function among 9989 US adults. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113930. [PMID: 35914397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between phthalate metabolites and renal function. METHODS We analyzed data from 9989 participants who took part in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2018. Renal function was reflected by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), and hypertension. We used generalized linear regression to estimate the correlation between covariate-adjusted creatinine-normalized phthalate metabolites and renal function. In addition, subgroup analysis was used to further compare the effect differences between various populations. RESULTS In the adjusted model, we found differential associations between phthalates and plasticizers metabolites and renal function. We found that Mono-benzyl phthalate, Mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate, and Mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate were positively associated with lower eGFR with odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 1.38 (1.14, 1.67), 1.30 (1.09, 1.57), and 1.27 (1.04, 1.53). While Mono-ethyl phthalate, Mono-(2-ethyl)-hexyl phthalate, Mono-isononyl phthalate and Mono-isobutyl phthalate were negatively associated with lower eGFR with OR values of 0.79 (0.69, 0.90), 0.64 (0.52, 0.78), 0.65 (0.51, 0.82) and 0.80 (0.63, 1.00), respectively. In addition, we found that Mono(carboxyoctyl) phthalate and Mono-isobutyl phthalate were negatively associated with hypertension with ORs of 0.86 (0.78, 0.96) and 0.84 (0.72, 0.98). But phthalates and plasticizers metabolites were not associated with UACR. CONCLUSION This study found differences in the effects of phthalates and plasticizers metabolites on kidney function, which may raise concerns about possible changes in kidney function resulting from exposure to current levels of plasticizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Yuhan Sun
- The First Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Lanxin Gu
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Shouyong Liu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Shangqian Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China.
| | - Zengjun Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China.
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Tsai HJ, Wu CF, Hsiung CA, Lee CH, Wang SL, Chen ML, Chen CC, Huang PC, Wang YH, Chen YA, Chen BH, Chuang YS, Hsieh HM, Wu MT. Longitudinal changes in oxidative stress and early renal injury in children exposed to DEHP and melamine in the 2011 Taiwan food scandal. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:107018. [PMID: 34991270 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In 2011, phthalates, mainly di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), were found to have been added to a variety of foods in Taiwan, increasing the risk of microalbuminuria in children. Exposure to melamine perhaps modifies that risk. This prospective cohort study investigates whether renal injury resulting from exposure to DEHP-tainted foods from the 2011 Taiwan Food Scandal is reversed over time. The temporal and interactive effects of past daily DEHP intake, current daily DEHP intake, and urinary melamine levels on oxidative stress and renal injury were also examined. Two hundred possibly DEHP-affected children (aged < 18 years) were enrolled in the first survey wave (August 2012-January 2013), with 170 and 159 children in the second (July 2014-February 2015) and third waves (May 2016-October 2016), respectively. The first wave comprised questionnaires that were used to collect information about possible past daily DEHP intake from DEHP-tainted foods. One-spot first morning urine samples were collected to measure melamine levels, phthalate metabolites, and markers indicating oxidative stress (malondialdehyde and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine), and renal injury (albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase) in all three waves. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) modeling revealed that both past daily DEHP intake and time might affect urinary ACR. However, most interactions were negative and significant correlation was observed only during the second wave (P for interaction = 0.014) in the group with the highest past daily DEHP intake (>50 μg/kg/day). Urinary melamine levels were found to correlate significantly with both urinary ACR and oxidative stress markers. The highest impact associated with exposure to DEHP-tainted foods in increasing urinary ACR of children was observed during the first wave, and the effect may partially diminish over time. These results suggest that continuous monitoring of renal health and other long-term health consequences is required in individuals who were affected by the scandal in 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ju Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Fang Wu
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; International Master Program of Translational Medicine, National United University, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chao A Hsiung
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chieng-Hung Lee
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Li Wang
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lien Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chih Chen
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chin Huang
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Han Wang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-An Chen
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Bai-Hsiun Chen
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Shiuan Chuang
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Min Hsieh
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsang Wu
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; PhD Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Rapid Screening Research Center for Toxicology and Biomedicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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11
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Baralić K, Bozic D, Živančević K, Milenković M, Javorac D, Marić Đ, Antonijević Miljaković E, Buha Djordjevic A, Vukomanović P, Ćurčić M, Bulat Z, Antonijević B, Đukić-Ćosić D. Integrating in silico with in vivo approach to investigate phthalate and bisphenol A mixture-linked asthma development: Positive probiotic intervention. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 158:112671. [PMID: 34793900 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms of bis(2- ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and bisphenol A (BPA) mixture-induced asthma development and test probiotic as a potential positive intervention. Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) and ToppGene Suite were used as the main tools for in silico analysis. In vivo 28-day experiment was conducted on rats - seven groups (n = 6): (1) Control: corn oil, (2) P: probiotic (8.78 * 108 CFU/kg/day); (3) DEHP: 50 mg/kg b.w./day, (4) DBP: 50 mg/kg b.w./day, (5) BPA: 25 mg/kg b.w./day; (6) MIX: DEHP + DBP + BPA; (7) MIX + P. Lungs, thymus and kidneys were extracted and prepared for redox status and essential metals analysis. By conducting additional in vitro experiment, probiotic phthalate and BPA binding ability was explored. There were 24 DEHP, DBP and BPA asthma-related genes, indicating the three most probable mechanisms - apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress. In vivo experiment confirmed that significant changes in redox status/essential metal parameters were either prominent, or only present in the MIX group, indicating possible additive effects. In vitro experiment confirmed the ability of the multy-strain probiotic to bind DEHP/DBP/BPA mixture, while probiotic administration ameliorated mixture-induced changes in rat tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Baralić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dragica Bozic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Živančević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Milenković
- Department of Drug Analysis, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia; Institute of Public Health of Serbia Dr Milan Jovanovic Batut, dr Subotića 5, 112113, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Javorac
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Đurđica Marić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Evica Antonijević Miljaković
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Predrag Vukomanović
- Medical Sanitary School of Applied Sciences "Visan", 11080, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marijana Ćurčić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Antonijević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Đukić-Ćosić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
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12
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Li MZ, Zhao Y, Wang HR, Talukder M, Li JL. Lycopene Preventing DEHP-Induced Renal Cell Damage Is Targeted by Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12853-12861. [PMID: 34670089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is an environmentally persistent and bioaccumulative plasticizer. Accumulation of DEHP in the body can eventually cause kidney damage. As a type of natural carotenoid, lycopene (LYC) has a potential protective effect on renal cells, but the protective mechanism has not yet been elucidated. The major goal of this study was to see how effective LYC was at treating DEHP-induced nephrotoxicity in mice. ICR mice were treated with DEHP (500 mg/kg BW/day or 1000 mg/kg BW/day) or LYC (5 mg/kg BW/day) for 28 days. Through histopathology and ultrastructure, we found that LYC attenuated DEHP-induced renal tubular cell and glomerular damage. LYC relieved DEHP-induced kidney injury evidenced by lower levels of blood urea nitrogen (Bun), creatinine (Cre), and uric acid (Uric). Meanwhile, the reduced expression of kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1) also supported it. Notably, LYC can alleviate the activity or content of cytochrome P450 system (CYP450s) interfered with by DEHP. In addition, LYC treatment reduced nuclear accumulation of DEHP-induced aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and AhR nuclear transporter (Arnt), and its downstream target genes such as cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase (CYP) 1A1, 1A2, and 1B1 expression significantly decreased to normal in the LYC treatment group. In summary, LYC can mediate the AhR/Arnt signaling system to prevent kidney toxicity in mice caused by DEHP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Milton Talukder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal 8210, Bangladesh
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13
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Mohammadi H, Ashari S. Mechanistic insight into toxicity of phthalates, the involved receptors, and the role of Nrf2, NF-κB, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:35488-35527. [PMID: 34024001 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The wide use of phthalates, as phthalates are used in the manufacturing of not only plastics but also many others goods, has become a main concern in the current century because of their potency to induce deleterious effects on organism health. The toxic effects of phthalates such as reproductive toxicity, cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, teratogenicity, and tumor development have been widely indicated by previous experimental studies. Some of the important mechanisms of toxicity by phthalates are the induction and promotion of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Awareness of the involved molecular pathways of these mechanisms will permit the detection of exact molecular targets of phthalates to protect or treat their toxicity. Up to now, various transcription factors and signaling pathways have been associated with phthalate-induced toxicity which by influencing on nuclear surface and the expression of different genes can alter cell hemostasis. In different studies, the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathways in processes of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and cancer has been shown following exposure to phthalates. In the present review, we aim to survey experimental studies (in vitro and in vivo) in order to show firstly the most involved receptors and also the importance and the role of the mentioned signaling pathways in phthalate-induced toxicity, and with considering this point, the future studies can focus on these molecular targets as a strategic method to reduce environmental chemicals-induced toxicity especially phthalates toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Mohammadi
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Toxicology/Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sorour Ashari
- Department of Toxicology/Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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14
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Gu Y, Gao M, Zhang W, Yan L, Shao F, Zhou J. Exposure to phthalates DEHP and DINP May lead to oxidative damage and lipidomic disruptions in mouse kidney. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129740. [PMID: 33736212 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been well acknowledged for its endocrine disruption and associated metabolic diseases, leading to the search for safer industrial alternatives including di-isononyl phthalate (DINP). However, safety data for the latter chemical has been relatively scarce particularly regarding potential damage to the kidney at low doses. Five-week-old ICR male mice were exposed to vehicle, DEHP or DINP (0.05 and 4.8 mg/kg bw) daily via gavage for 5 weeks. We observed increased levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, decreased levels of reduced glutathione, in the kidney at higher dose for both chemicals suggestive of oxidative damage. Elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 of the kidney further suggested inflammatory status as a result of phthalate exposure in both high dose groups. Targeted lipidomics demonstrated greatest changes in the kidney induced by high dose of DEHP, although DINP also induced significant changes in phospholipids diacylglycerides that are associated with lipid accumulation in glomerular podocytes and inflammatory responses. Our data suggest that oxidative stress may be involved in both DEHP- and DINP-induced renal lipidomic disruption and continue to question the suitability of DINP as proper DEHP substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mei Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Henan University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fengmin Shao
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Health Management, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
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15
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Urinary Biomarkers of Phthalates Exposure, Blood Lead Levels, and Risks of Thyroid Nodules. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9030068. [PMID: 33810189 PMCID: PMC8005157 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9030068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid nodules (TNs) are becoming increasingly prevalent. However, few studies have reported the effects of phthalates and lead (Pb) on TNs. In this study, we aimed to explore the associations of phthalates and Pb with the risks of TN. We sex-age-matched 220 TNs patients and 220 healthy controls from Zhejiang Shangyu, China. We measured 13 phthalate metabolites in spot urine samples. Blood lead levels (BLLs) were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between urinary phthalate metabolites and BLLs and the risks of TNs. We found BLLs were associated with increased risk of TNs in total population. Female-specific positive associations of mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentylphthalate (MECPP), mono-2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexylphthalate (MEHHP), mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexylphthalate (MEOHP), mono-2-carboxymethyl-hexyl phthalate (MCMHP), and mono-isononyl phthalate (MiNP) with increased risk of TNs were also observed. Moreover, the positive association between phthalates and TNs was modified by BLLs. At the highest tertile of BLLs, monoethylphthalate (MEP), MECPP, MEHHP, MEOHP, and MiNP were significantly associated with increased risk of TNs. Our results indicated that certain phthalate metabolites and BLLs may contribute to increased risks of TNs.
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Kaur S, Saluja M, Aniqa A, Sadwal S. Selenium attenuates bisphenol A incurred damage and apoptosis in mice testes by regulating mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling. Andrologia 2021; 53:e13975. [PMID: 33438769 DOI: 10.1111/and.13975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Being a vital micronutrient, along with a trace element, selenium (Se) protects the cells from oxidative stress (OS) in the form of selenoproteins. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a xeno-oestrogenic compound that adversely affects the spermatogenesis process by inducing oxidative stress, which ultimately leads to male infertility. Therefore, it is hypothesised that Se could protect against BPA-induced OS, and further germ cell death by modifying mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling. Male Balb/c mice were divided into four groups: Group I (C) (0.2 ppm Se), Group II (Se) (0.5 ppm Se), Group III (BPA) (0.2 ppm Se, and BPA = 1 mg/kg orally) and Group IV (Se + BPA) (0.5 ppm Se, and BPA = 1 mg/kg bodyweight orally). Results indicated that BPA-treated animals demonstrated a marked decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, redox ratio), a marked elevation in the expressions of stress-activated kinases (c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38) and the expressions of pro-apoptotic markers (caspase-9, caspase-8 and caspase-3). However, Se supplementation considerably restored the antioxidant enzyme activities and lowered the expressions of stress-activated kinases, which further down-regulated the apoptosis. Thus, Se supplementation demonstrated to be effective against BPA provoked testicular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvnarinder Kaur
- Basic Medical Sciences (BMS) Block-2, Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Muskaan Saluja
- Basic Medical Sciences (BMS) Block-2, Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aniqa Aniqa
- Basic Medical Sciences (BMS) Block-2, Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shilpa Sadwal
- Basic Medical Sciences (BMS) Block-2, Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Renal changes and apoptosis caused by subacute exposure to Aroclor 1254 in selenium-deficient and selenium-supplemented rats. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2020; 71:110-120. [PMID: 32975097 PMCID: PMC7968486 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aroclor 1254 (A1254), a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls, exerts hepatic, renal, and reproductive toxicity in rodents. This study aimed to determine a protective role of selenium on histopathological changes, oxidative stress, and apoptosis caused by A1254 in rat kidney. It included a control group, which received regular diet containing 0.15 mg/kg Se (C), a Se-supplemented group (SeS) receiving 1 mg/kg Se, a Se-deficient group (SeD) receiving Se-deficient diet of ≤0.05 mg/kg Se, an A1254-treated group (A) receiving 10 mg/kg of Aroclor 1254 and regular diet, an A1254-treated group receiving Se-supplementation (ASeS), and an A1254-treated group receiving Se-deficient diet (ASeD). Treatments lasted 15 days. After 24 h of the last dose of A1254, the animals were decapitated under anaesthesia and their renal antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation (LP), glutathione, protein oxidation, and total antioxidant capacity levels measured. Histopathological changes were evaluated by light and electron microscopy. Apoptosis was detected with the TUNEL assay. Kidney weights, CAT activities, and GSH levels decreased significantly in all A1254-treated groups. Renal atrophic changes and higher apoptotic cell counts were observed in the A and ASeD groups. Both groups also showed a significant drop in GPx1 activities (A – 34.92 % and ASeD – 86.46 %) and rise in LP (A – 30.45 % and ASeD – 20.44 %) vs control. In contrast, LP levels and apoptotic cell counts were significantly lower in the ASeS group vs the A group. Histopathological changes and renal apoptosis were particularly visible in the ASeD group. Our findings suggest that selenium supplementation provides partial protection against renal toxicity of Aroclor 1254.
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Wang H, Guan TQ, Sun JX, Talukder M, Huang YQ, Li YH, Li JL. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induced nephrotoxicity in quail (Coturnix japonica) by triggering nuclear xenobiotic receptors and modulating the cytochrome P450 system. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:114162. [PMID: 32078881 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a plasticizer that is mainly used in the production of polyvinyl alcohol-containing chloride products, has attracted attention due to potential threats to human health and the environment. Nevertheless, knowledge of DEHP-induced nephrotoxicity is still limited. To explore the mechanism of DEHP-induced nephrotoxicity, quail were treated with 0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg DEHP by oral gavage for 45 days. Based on the results of histopathological analysis, DEHP exposure induced a disorganized renal structure, a partially dilated glomerulus and an atrophied Bowman's space. Renal tubular epithelial cells were unclear, and swelling of columnar epithelial cells was observed, suggesting that DEHP exposure caused renal disease and renal injury. Notably, DEHP interfered with the homeostasis of cytochrome P450 systems (CYP450s) by increasing the activities or contents of CYP450s (total CYP450, Cyt b5, ERND, APND, AH and NCR). The expression levels of certain CYP450 isoforms (CYP1A, CYP1B, CYP2C, CYP2D, CYP2J and CYP3A) were significantly downregulated in the kidney in DEHP-treated quail. Furthermore, DEHP induced the expression of nuclear receptors (AHR, CAR and PXR) in a dose-dependent manner. The results of this study suggested that DEHP-induced nephrotoxicity in quail was associated with the induction of nuclear xenobiotic receptor (NXR) responses and interference with CYP450 homeostasis. In conclusion, all data indicated that DEHP induced nephrotoxicity by triggering NXRs and modulating the cytochrome P450 system. The results of this study provide a new basis for understanding the nephrotoxicity of DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Tian-Qi Guan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Jin-Xu Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Milton Talukder
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal, 8210, Bangladesh.
| | - Yue-Qiang Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Yan-Hua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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19
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Chen J, Shi X, Zhou X, Dong R, Yuan Y, Wu M, Chen W, Liu X, Jia F, Li S, Yang Q, Chen B. Renal function and the exposure to melamine and phthalates in Shanghai adults. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 246:125820. [PMID: 31918111 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
[Background] Melamine and phthalates have been reported to damage renal function in children. This association is scarce in general adults. [Method] A cross-sectional subsample population of 611 adults participating in the 2012 Shanghai Food Consumption Survey (SHFCS) was analyzed for urinary biomarkers of melamine, metabolites of phthalates, and renal function parameters. The correlations between renal function parameters and chemical exposure (either independently or interactively) were explored by linear regression models. To simplify the analysis, phthalate metabolites were dimensionally reduced using principal component analysis (PCA) method. [Result] Urinary melamine was positively associated with renal function parameters of both albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and β2-microglobulin (B2M) in multivariate linear regression models (P < 0.05). A PCA pattern characterized by high-molecular-weight phthalates (HMWP) was positively associated with all three parameters of renal function (ACR, B2M, and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG)). The co-exposure to melamine and HMWP presented an additive effect on increasing these parameters (ACR, B2M, and NAG). [Conclusion] Impaired renal function in Shanghai adults was associated with exposure to both melamine and HMWP.
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Affiliation(s)
- JingSi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - XinLi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - XiaoFeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - RuiHua Dong
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - YaQun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Min Wu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - WeiHua Chen
- Community Health Service Center of Nanjing (E) Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - XiaoHong Liu
- Community Health Service Center of Nanjing (E) Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - FuHuai Jia
- Ningbo Yu Fang Tang Biological Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Ningbo, 315012, China
| | - ShuGuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - QiFan Yang
- Shanghai Jingan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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20
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Ashari S, Karami M, Shokrzadeh M, Ghandadi M, Ghassemi-Barghi N, Dashti A, Ranaee M, Mohammadi H. The implication of mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial oxidative damage in di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induced nephrotoxicity in both in vivo and in vitro models. Toxicol Mech Methods 2020; 30:427-437. [PMID: 32312132 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2020.1758980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and its main metabolite, monoethylhexyl phthalic acid (MEHP), are a serious threat to human and animals' health in the current century. However, their exact mechanism to induce nephrotoxicity is not clear. In the current study, we addressed toxic effects of MEHP and DEHP on embryonic human kidney cells (HEK-293 cell line) and kidney tissue of rats, respectively. In the HEK-293, MTT assay and oxidative stress parameters were measured after treatment with different concentrations of MEHP. For in vivo study, rats were treated with different doses of DEHP (50, 100, 200, 400 mg/kg) via gavage administration for 45 days. The renal function biomarkers (BUN and creatinine) were determined in serum of rats. Mitochondrial toxic parameters including MTT, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial swelling, and also oxidative stress parameters were measured in isolated kidney mitochondria. Histopathological effects of DEHP were also evaluated in rats' kidneys. We demonstrated that MEHP induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in HEK-293 cells in a concentration dependent manner. The administration of DEHP led to histopathological changes in kidney tissue, which concurred with BUN and creatinine alternations in serum of rats. The results of present study showed a significant mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress confirmed by enhancement of mitochondrial swelling, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduction of MMP and mitochondrial glutathione (GSH). Taken together, this study showed that DEHP/MEHP resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage, which suggest a vital role of mitochondria in DEHP/MEHP-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorour Ashari
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karami
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Pharmacutical Science Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shokrzadeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Pharmacutical Science Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Morteza Ghandadi
- Pharmacutical Science Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nasrin Ghassemi-Barghi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ayat Dashti
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ranaee
- Clinical Research Development Center, Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Department of Pathology, Rouhani hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mohammadi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Pharmacutical Science Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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21
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Phthalate exposure increased the risk of early renal impairment in Taiwanese without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 224:113414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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22
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Kabakçı R, Varışlı Ö, Kaya A, Baştan İ, Şimşek S. Effect of diethylhexyl phthalate on sperm motility parameters in bull. MEHMET AKIF ERSOY ÜNIVERSITESI VETERINER FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2019. [DOI: 10.24880/maeuvfd.637406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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23
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Sur U, Erkekoglu P, Bulus AD, Andiran N, Kocer-Gumusel B. Oxidative stress markers, trace elements, and endocrine disrupting chemicals in children with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Toxicol Mech Methods 2019; 29:633-643. [PMID: 31354016 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2019.1646367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate whether bisphenol A (BPA) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposure have any association with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and its biomarkers and to determine whether oxidative stress biomarkers and trace element levels showed any alterations in children with HT. We found that superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities are lower in HT group from control (24% and 46%, respectively, p < 0.05). Zinc levels were significantly lower in HT group vs. control. In addition, the levels of mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) which is the primary metabolite for DEHP, were markedly higher in HT group compared to control (p < 0.05). A negative correlation was observed between urinary BPA levels and fT4. In children with HT, oxidant/antioxidant balance is changed and these differences may be related by EDC exposure, the importance of which should be elucidated with further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unzile Sur
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey.,Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Pinar Erkekoglu
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ayse Derya Bulus
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Turkish Ministry of Health, Keçioren Research and Training Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | | | - Belma Kocer-Gumusel
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lokman Hekim University , Ankara , Turkey
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24
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Salvaggio A, Tiralongo F, Krasakopoulou E, Marmara D, Giovos I, Crupi R, Messina G, Lombardo BM, Marzullo A, Pecoraro R, Scalisi EM, Copat C, Zuccarello P, Ferrante M, Brundo MV. Biomarkers of Exposure to Chemical Contamination in the Commercial Fish Species Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen, 1788): A Particular Focus on Plastic Additives. Front Physiol 2019; 10:905. [PMID: 31379607 PMCID: PMC6646597 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the Mediterranean Sea has become an accumulation zone for waste generated by the 22 countries bordering its shores. Although the effects of plastic litter on the marine environment and on organisms have recently been studied in other areas, further information is needed for the Mediterranean Sea and, in particular, about plastics additives inputs and interactions with the biota and the trophic network, such as phthalates and bisphenol A. Plastic material production, use and disposal contribute also to the release of heavy metals into the environment, such as mercury (Hg), often used during the production of chlorine, the primary ingredient in PVC, lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), which are used as stabilizers in PVC and leach out of products during use and disposal. Our research aims to evaluate phthalates, bisphenol A and heavy metals contamination in Lepidopus caudatus (Pisces, Trichiuridae), which could be considered as a potential sentinel species. For the evaluation of toxicological effects, we evaluated the expression of vitellogenin and metallothioneins 1. In all samples analyzed, we have not found microplastics in the gastrointestinal tract but chemical analysis revealed the presence of high content of phthalates, and in particular high quantities of DIDP, DEHP, bis-benzylester phthalate, bis-butyl ester phthalate and mono-N-butyl ester phthalate in different organs. Instead, trace elements detected in tissue revealed a trend of concentrations generally higher in liver and intestine than gill and muscle tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis for anti-metallothionein 1 antibody showed a strong positivity of liver cells, both in females and males. Analysis for the anti-vitellogenin antibody showed in females a strong positivity both in the liver cells and in the gonads, in male specimens was found to be always negative except for a specimen, in which it was highlighted a positivity in some areas of the liver and of the gonad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Salvaggio
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily A. Mirri, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Tiralongo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Dimitra Marmara
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, Greece
| | - Ioannis Giovos
- iSEA, Environmental Organization for the Preservation of the Aquatic Ecosystems Ochi Av., Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Messina
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Lombardo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandra Marzullo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberta Pecoraro
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Elena Maria Scalisi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Copat
- Department of Medical, Surgery Sciences and Advanced Technologies, G. F. Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Pietro Zuccarello
- Department of Medical, Surgery Sciences and Advanced Technologies, G. F. Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Department of Medical, Surgery Sciences and Advanced Technologies, G. F. Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Violetta Brundo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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25
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Chen J, Zhou X, Zhang H, Liu Y, Cao C, Dong R, Yuan Y, Wang M, Lu Y, Wu M, Li S, Chen B. Association between urinary concentration of phthalate metabolites and impaired renal function in Shanghai adults. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:149-162. [PMID: 30415034 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to phthalates is reported to be associated with increased incidence of microalbuminuria and low-grade albuminuria in children and adolescents. However, this phenomenon of phthalate-related nephrotoxicity is unknown in adults. METHODS Urine samples of 1663 adults from the 2012 Shanghai Food Consumption Survey (SHFCS) were measured for 10 metabolites of 6 phthalates and for renal function parameters. Their associations were explored by linear and logistic regression models. RESULTS Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that all three renal function parameters (albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), β2-microglobulin (B2M), and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG)) are positively associated with six metabolites, including mono-benzylphthalate (MBzP), mono-2-ethylhexylphthalate (MEHP), mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyphthalate (MEOHP), mono-2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexylphthalate (MEHHP), mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentylphthalate (MECPP), and mono-2-carboxymethyl-hexyl phthalate (MCMHP) (P < 0.05). Logistic analysis showed that the prevalence of hyperALBuria, hyperB2Muria, hyperNAGuria, or potentially impaired renal function (PIRF) were positively associated with urinary levels of MBzP, MEOHP, and MECPP, respectively (P < 0.05). Co-exposure to identified risk metabolites monoethylphthalate (MEP), MBzP, MEHP, MEOHP, MECPP, MEHHP, and MCMHP increased the risk of having impaired renal function. CONCLUSION Certain metabolites of phthalates, including bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and benzyle butyl phthalate (BBzP), were associated with impaired renal function in Shanghai adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yueming Liu
- Shanghai Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chen Cao
- Shanghai Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ruihua Dong
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yaqun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Shanghai Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuanan Lu
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Department of Public Health, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA.
| | - Min Wu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shuguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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26
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Zhao Y, Du ZH, Talukder M, Lin J, Li XN, Zhang C, Li JL. Crosstalk between unfolded protein response and Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense in Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced renal injury in quail (Coturnix japonica). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:1871-1879. [PMID: 30077409 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The widely used Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been reported to exhibit ubiquitous environmental and global health hazards. The bioaccumulation and environmental persistence of DEHP can cause serious health hazards in wildlife animals and human. However, DEHP-induced nephrotoxicity in bird is remained unknown. Thus, this study explored the related mechanism of DEHP nephrotoxicity in quail. For this purpose, quail were exposed with DEHP at doses of 0, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight daily by gavage administration for 45 days. The results showed that DEHP exposure induced renal injury, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) degeneration. Low level DEHP (250 mg/kg) exposure inhibited Nrf2 signaling pathway and induced renal injury via oxidative stress and suppressed the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathway and induced ER stress in the kidney. But surprisingly, high level DEHP (500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg) exposure activated Nrf2 and UPR signaling pathways and protected kidney, but they still couldn't resist the toxicity of DEHP. Our study demonstrated that DEHP-induced nephrotoxicity in quail was associated with activating Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense response and UPR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Zheng-Hai Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Milton Talukder
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal, 8210, Bangladesh
| | - Jia Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xue-Nan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Cong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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27
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Durmaz E, Erkekoglu P, Asci A, Akçurin S, Bircan İ, Kocer-Gumusel B. Urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations in girls with premature thelarche. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 59:172-181. [PMID: 29625387 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In girls, breast development before eight years of age is called "premature thelarche (PT)". There are few studies in literature that show the interaction between PT and phthalate exposure. The aim of this study was to determine the urinary levels of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolites and other phthalate metabolites in girls with PT. PT group consisted of 29 newly diagnosed subjects. Control group comprised of healthy age-matched girls (n = 25). Urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS). The urinary concentrations of mono-(2-ethyl-hexyl)phthalate (MEHP) in the PT group (33.96 ± 6.88 μg/g creatinine) were found to be significantly higher compared to control group (11.54 ± 1.39 μg/g creatinine, p = 0.002). In PT group, %MEHP was also markedly higher vs. control (17.84 ± 3.31 vs. 6.44 ± 1.13, p = 0.001). Our results suggest that DEHP is more efficiently converted to MEHP in girls with PT, the importance of which needs to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Durmaz
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Pinar Erkekoglu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ali Asci
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey; Atatürk University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Sema Akçurin
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - İffet Bircan
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Belma Kocer-Gumusel
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey.
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28
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Aydin S, Erkekoglu P, Başaran N, Kocer-Gumusel B. Impact of selenium status on Aroclor 1254-induced DNA damage in sperm and different tissues of rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 28:252-261. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1397234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sevtap Aydin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pinar Erkekoglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurşen Başaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belma Kocer-Gumusel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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29
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Tsai HJ, Chen BH, Wu CF, Wang SL, Huang PC, Tsai YC, Chen ML, Ho CK, Hsiung CA, Wu MT. Intake of phthalate-tainted foods and microalbuminuria in children: The 2011 Taiwan food scandal. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 89-90:129-37. [PMID: 26827184 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major threat to public health involving phthalate-tainted foodstuffs occurred in Taiwan in 2011. Phthalates, mainly di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), were intentionally added to several categories of food commonly consumed by children. This study investigated the relationship between intake of the phthalate-tainted foods and renal function in children. METHODS Children aged ≤10years with possible phthalate exposure were enrolled in this study between August 2012 and January 2013. Questionnaires were used to collect details of exposure to phthalate-tainted foodstuffs, and blood and urine samples were collected for clinical biochemical workup. The clinical biomarkers of renal injury, including urinary microalbumin, N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (NAG), and β2-microglobulin were measured. Exposure was categorized based on recommended tolerable daily intake level defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (0.02mg/kg/day) and the European Food Safety Authority (0.05mg/kg/day). RESULTS We analyzed intake and renal function of 184 children whose intake of DEHP-tainted foods was known. Higher DEHP exposure to DEHP-tainted foods was significantly associated with increase of urine albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR). Children in the high-exposed group (daily DEHP intake (DDI)>0.05mg/kg/day) had 10.395 times the risk of microalbuminuria than the low-exposed group (DDI≤0.02 and >0mg/kg/day) and no-exposed group combined after adjustment (95% CI=1.096-98.580, P=0.04). CONCLUSION Intake of DEHP from phthalate-tainted foods may be a potential risk factor for microalbuminuria, a marker of glomerular injury in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ju Tsai
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bai-Hsiun Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Fang Wu
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Research Center of Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Li Wang
- National Environmental Health Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chin Huang
- National Environmental Health Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lien Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kung Ho
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Health, Kaohsiung City Government, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao A Hsiung
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Tsang Wu
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Research Center of Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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30
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Xu JX, Zhang C, Cao CY, Zhu SY, Li H, Sun YC, Li JL. Dietary Selenium Status Regulates the Transcriptions of Selenoproteome and Activities of Selenoenzymes in Chicken Kidney at Low or Super-nutritional Levels. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 170:438-48. [PMID: 26282526 PMCID: PMC7091239 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0470-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To determine dietary selenium (Se) status regulates the transcriptions of selenoproteome and activities of selenoenzymes in chicken kidney, 1-day-old chickens received low Se (0.028 mg Se per kg of diet) or super-nutritional Se (3.0 or 5.0 mg Se per kg of diet) in their diets for 8 weeks. It was observed that dietary low or super-nutritional Se did not make renal appearance pathological changes in chicken. Low Se significantly reduced total antioxidant capability (T-AOC), glutathione (GSH) content, but malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the kidney increased and decreased glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activity with changes in their mRNA levels. Super-nutritional Se (3.0 mg/kg) increased T-AOC and GSH contents then made them reduce, but it reduced MDA content significantly, elevated then reduced Gpx activity, and decreased TrxR activity with changes in their mRNA levels. Dietary low Se downregulated the mRNA expressions of Gpx1-4, Txnrd3, Sepn1, Selw, Sepx1, Selh, and SEPSECS. At super-nutritional Se, most selenoproteins were upregulated in chicken kidney, but Sepp2 and Sep15 was only upregulated in Se excess (5.0 mg/kg) bird. These results indicated that dietary Se status stabilizes normal renal physiology function via regulation of the selenoprotemic transcriptions and selenoenzyme activities in avian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xiu Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Yu Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Yong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Chun Sun
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Mathieu-Denoncourt J, Wallace SJ, de Solla SR, Langlois VS. Plasticizer endocrine disruption: Highlighting developmental and reproductive effects in mammals and non-mammalian aquatic species. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 219:74-88. [PMID: 25448254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to their versatility, robustness, and low production costs, plastics are used in a wide variety of applications. Plasticizers are mixed with polymers to increase flexibility of plastics. However, plasticizers are not covalently bound to plastics, and thus leach from products into the environment. Several studies have reported that two common plasticizers, bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates, induce adverse health effects in vertebrates; however few studies have addressed their toxicity to non-mammalian species. The aim of this review is to compare the effects of plasticizers in animals, with a focus on aquatic species. In summary, we identified three main chains of events that occur in animals exposed to BPA and phthalates. Firstly, plasticizers affect development by altering both the thyroid hormone and growth hormone axes. Secondly, these chemicals interfere with reproduction by decreasing cholesterol transport through the mitochondrial membrane, leading to reduced steroidogenesis. Lastly, exposure to plasticizers leads to the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, the increase of fatty acid oxidation, and the reduction in the ability to cope with the augmented oxidative stress leading to reproductive organ malformations, reproductive defects, and decreased fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Mathieu-Denoncourt
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada
| | - Sarah J Wallace
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada
| | - Shane R de Solla
- Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada
| | - Valerie S Langlois
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada.
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Erkekoglu P, Arnaud J, Rachidi W, Kocer-Gumusel B, Favier A, Hincal F. The effects of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and/or selenium on trace element levels in different organs of rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 29:296-302. [PMID: 25193691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), a widely used plasticizer for synthetic polymers, is known to have endocrine disruptive potential, reproductive toxicity, and induces hepatic carcinogenesis in rodents. Selenium (Se) is a component of several selenoenzymes which are essential for cellular antioxidant defense and for the functions of mammalian reproductive system. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of DEHP exposure on trace element distribution in liver, testis, and kidney tissues and plasma of Se-deficient and Se-supplemented rats. Se deficiency was produced by feeding 3-week old Sprague-Dawley rats with ≤0.05mg Se/kg diet for 5 weeks, and supplementation group were on 1mg Se/kg diet. DEHP treated groups received 1000mg/kg dose by gavage during the last 10 days of feeding period. Se, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) levels were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Se supplementation caused significant increases in hepatic, renal, and testicular Se levels. With DEHP exposure, plasma Se and Zn, kidney Se, Cu and Mn levels were significantly decreased. Besides, liver Fe decreased markedly in all the DEHP-treated groups. Liver and kidney Mn levels decreased significantly in DEHP/SeD group compared to both DEHP and SeD groups. These results showed the potential of DEHP exposure and/or different Se status to modify the distribution pattern of essential trace elements in various tissues, the importance of which needs to be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Erkekoglu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Josiane Arnaud
- Inserm U1055, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée (LBFA), Grenoble F-38000, France; CHU Grenoble, Département de Biochimie, Toxicologie et Pharmacologie, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Walid Rachidi
- CEA Grenoble, INAC/SCIB/LAN, 17 Rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Belma Kocer-Gumusel
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Alain Favier
- CEA Grenoble, INAC/SCIB/LAN, 17 Rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Filiz Hincal
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
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Abstract
Many of the environmental, occupational and industrial chemicals are able to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cause oxidative stress. ROS may lead to genotoxicity, which is suggested to contribute to the pathophysiology of many human diseases, including inflammatory diseases and cancer. Phthalates are ubiquitous environmental chemicals and are well-known peroxisome proliferators (PPs) and endocrine disruptors. Several in vivo and in vitro studies have been conducted concerning the carcinogenic and mutagenic effects of phthalates. Di(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) and several other phthalates are shown to be hepatocarcinogenic in rodents. The underlying factor in the hepatocarcinogenesis is suggested to be their ability to generate ROS and cause genotoxicity. Several methods, including chromosomal aberration test, Ames test, micronucleus assay and hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) mutation test and Comet assay, have been used to determine genotoxic properties of phthalates. Comet assay has been an important tool in the measurement of the genotoxic potential of many chemicals, including phthalates. In this review, we will mainly focus on the studies, which were conducted on the DNA damage caused by different phthalate esters and protection studies against the genotoxicity of these chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Erkekoglu
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
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Nogales F, Ojeda ML, Fenutría M, Murillo ML, Carreras O. Role of selenium and glutathione peroxidase on development, growth, and oxidative balance in rat offspring. Reproduction 2013; 146:659-67. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se), an essential trace metal, is important in both growth and reproduction and is the constituent of different selenoproteins. The glutathione peroxidase (GPx) family is the most studied as it prevents oxidative stress. Liver oxidation is considered as another mechanism involved in low birth weight. Therefore, in order to ascertain whether GPx is related to the effects of Se on growth during gestation and lactation, three groups of rat pups were used: control, Se deficient (SD), and Se supplemented (SS). Morphological parameters and reproductive indices were evaluated. Hepatic Se levels were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption while spectrophotometry was used for activity of antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress markers in liver and western blotting for expression of hepatic GPx1 and GPx4. The SD diet increased mortality at birth; decreased viability and survival indices; and stunted growth, length, and liver development in offspring, thus decreasing hepatic Se levels, GPx, glutathione reductase, and catalase activities, while increasing superoxide dismutase activity and protein oxidation. The SS diet counteracted all the above results. GPx1 expression was heavily regulated by Se dietary intake; however, although Se dietary deficiency reduced GPx4 expression, this decrease was not as pronounced. Therefore, it can be concluded that Se dietary intake is intimately related to growth, length, and directly regulating GPx activity primarily via GPx1 and secondly to GPx4, thus affecting liver oxidation and development. These results suggest that if risk of uterine growth retardation is suspected, or if a neonate with low birth weight presents with signs of liver oxidation, it may be beneficial to know about Se status.
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Erkekoglu P, Zeybek ND, Giray BK, Rachidi W, Kızılgün M, Hininger-Favier I, Favier A, Asan E, Hincal F. The effects of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate on rat liver in relation to selenium status. Int J Exp Pathol 2013; 95:64-77. [PMID: 24180374 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the hepatotoxicity of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) in relation to selenium status. In 3-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats, selenium deficiency was induced by a ≤0.05 selenium mg/kg. A selenium supplementation group was given 1 mg selenium/kg diet for 5 weeks. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate-treated groups received 1000 mg/kg dose by gavage during the last 10 days of the experiment. Histopathology, peroxisome proliferation, catalase (CAT) immunoreactivity and activity and apoptosis were assessed. Activities of antioxidant selenoenzymes [glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR1)], superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione S-transferase (GST); aminotransferase, total glutathione (tGSH), and lipid peroxidation (LP) levels were measured. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate caused cellular disorganization while necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in Se-deficient DEHP group (DEHP/SeD). Catalase activity and immunoreactivity were increased in all DEHP-treated groups. Glutathione peroxidase 1 and GPx4 activities decreased significantly in DEHP and DEHP/SeD groups, while GST activities decreased in all DEHP-exposed groups. Thioredoxin reductase activity increased in DEHP and DEHP/SeS, while total SOD activities increased in all DEHP-treated groups. Lipid peroxidation levels increased significantly in SeD (26%), DEHP (38%) and DEHP/SeD (71%) groups. Selenium supplementation partially ameliorated DEHP-induced hepatotoxicity; while in DEHP/SeD group, drastic changes in hepatic histopathology and oxidative stress parameters were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Erkekoglu
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Abedelhaffez A, Hassan A. Brain derived neurotrophic factor and oxidative stress index in pups with developmental hypothyroidism: Neuroprotective effects of selenium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 100:197-210. [DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.100.2013.2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wang W, Craig ZR, Basavarajappa MS, Hafner KS, Flaws JA. Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induces oxidative stress and inhibits growth of mouse ovarian antral follicles. Biol Reprod 2012; 87:152. [PMID: 23077170 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.102467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) is the active metabolite of the most commonly used plasticizer, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and is considered to be a reproductive toxicant. However, little is known about the effects of MEHP on ovarian antral follicles. Thus, the present study tested the hypothesis that MEHP inhibits follicle growth via oxidative stress pathways. The data indicate that MEHP increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and inhibits follicle growth in antral follicles, whereas N-acetylcysteine (NAC; an antioxidant) restores ROS levels to control levels and rescues follicles from MEHP-induced inhibition of follicle growth. To further analyze the mechanism by which MEHP induces oxidative stress and inhibits follicle growth, the expression and activities of various key antioxidant enzymes (copper/zinc superoxide dismutase [SOD1], glutathione peroxidase [GPX], and catalase [CAT]) and the expression of key cell-cycle regulators (Ccnd2, Ccne1, and Cdk4) and apoptotic regulators (Bcl-2 and Bax) were compared in control and MEHP-treated follicles. The data indicate that MEHP inhibits the expression and activities of SOD1 and GPX; does not inhibit Cat expression; inhibits the expression of Ccnd2, Ccne1, Cdk4, and Bcl-2; but increases the expression of Bax compared to controls. Furthermore, NAC blocks these toxic effects of MEHP. Collectively, these data suggest that MEHP induces oxidative stress by disrupting the activities of antioxidant enzymes. This may lead to decreased expression of cell-cycle regulators and antiapoptotic regulators and increased expression of proapoptotic factors, which then may lead to inhibition of follicle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA
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38
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Mankidy R, Wiseman S, Ma H, Giesy JP. Biological impact of phthalates. Toxicol Lett 2012; 217:50-8. [PMID: 23220035 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Esters of phthalic acid are chemical agents used to improve the plasticity of industrial polymers. Their ubiquitous use in multiple commercial products results in extensive exposure to humans and the environment. This study investigated cytotoxicity, endocrine disruption, effects mediated via AhR, lipid peroxidation and effects on expression of enzymes of xenobiotic metabolism caused by di-(2-ethy hexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) in developing fish embryos. Oxidative stress was identified as the critical mechanism of toxicity (CMTA) in the case of DEHP and DEP, while the efficient removal of DBP and BBP by phase 1 enzymes resulted in lesser toxicity. DEHP and DEP did not mimic estradiol (E(2)) in transactivation studies, but at concentrations of 10mg/L synthesis of sex steroid hormones was affected. Exposure to 10mg BBP/L resulted in weak transactivation of the estrogen receptor (ER). All phthalates exhibited weak potency as agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). The order of potency of the 4 phthalates studied was; DEHP>DEP>BBP>>DBP. The study highlights the need for simultaneous assessment of: (1) multiple cellular targets affected by phthalates and (2) phthalate mixtures to account for additive effects when multiple phthalates modulate the same pathway. Such cumulative assessment of multiple biological parameters is more realistic, and offers the possibility of more accurately identifying the CMTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishikesh Mankidy
- Toxicology Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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39
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Huang XF, Li Y, Gu YH, Liu M, Xu Y, Yuan Y, Sun F, Zhang HQ, Shi HJ. The effects of Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate exposure on fertilization and embryonic development in vitro and testicular genomic mutation in vivo. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50465. [PMID: 23226291 PMCID: PMC3511574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to determine the reproductive hazards of Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) on mouse spermatozoa and embryos in vitro and genomic changes in vivo. Direct low-level DEHP exposure (1 μg/ml) on spermatozoa and embryos was investigated by in vitro fertilization (IVF) process, culture of preimplanted embryos in DEHP-supplemented medium and embryo transfer to achieve full term development. Big Blue® transgenic mouse model was employed to evaluate the mutagenesis of testicular genome with in vivo exposure concentration of DEHP (500 mg/kg/day). Generally, DEHP-treated spermatozoa (1 μg/ml, 30 min) presented reduced fertilization ability (P<0.05) and the resultant embryos had decreased developmental potential compared to DMSO controls (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the transferred 2-cell stage embryos derived from treated spermatozoa also exhibited decreased birth rate than that of control (P<0.05). When fertilized oocytes or 2-cell stage embryos were recovered by in vivo fertilization (without treatment) and then exposed to DEHP, the subsequent development proceed to blastocysts was different, fertilized oocytes were significantly affected (P<0.05) whereas developmental progression of 2-cell stage embryos was similar to controls (P>0.05). Testes of the Big Blue® transgenic mice treated with DEHP for 4 weeks indicated an approximately 3-fold increase in genomic DNA mutation frequency compared with controls (P<0.05). These findings unveiled the hazardous effects of direct low-level exposure of DEHP on spermatozoa's fertilization ability as well as embryonic development, and proved that in vivo DEHP exposure posed mutagenic risks in the reproductive organ – at least in testes, are of great concern to human male reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Huang
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China
- * E-mail: (HJS); (XFH)
| | - Yan Li
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi-Hua Gu
- National Population and Family Planning Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Yuan
- National Population and Family Planning Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Laboratory for Reproductive Biology, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hui-Qin Zhang
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Population and Family Planning Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Juan Shi
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Population and Family Planning Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (HJS); (XFH)
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