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Akasov RA, Chepikova OE, Pallaeva TN, Gorokhovets NV, Siniavin AE, Gushchin VA, Savvateeva LV, Vinokurov IA, Khochenkov DA, Zamyatnin AA, Khaydukov EV. Evaluation of molecular mechanisms of riboflavin anti-COVID-19 action reveals anti-inflammatory efficacy rather than antiviral activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130582. [PMID: 38340879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is one of the most important water-soluble vitamins and a coenzyme involved in many biochemical processes. It has previously been shown that adjuvant therapy with flavin mononucleotide (a water-soluble form of riboflavin) correlates with normalization of clinically relevant immune markers in patients with COVID-19, but the mechanism of this effect remains unclear. Here, the antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of riboflavin were investigated to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the riboflavin-induced effects. METHODS Riboflavin was evaluated for recombinant SARS-CoV-2 PLpro inhibition in an enzyme kinetic assay and for direct inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero E6 cells, as well as for anti-inflammatory activity in polysaccharide-induced inflammation models, including endothelial cells in vitro and acute lung inflammation in vivo. RESULTS For the first time, the ability of riboflavin at high concentrations (above 50 μM) to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 PLpro protease in vitro was demonstrated; however, no inhibition of viral replication in Vero E6 cells in vitro was found. At the same time, riboflavin exerted a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect in the polysaccharide-induced inflammation model, both in vitro, preventing polysaccharide-induced cell death, and in vivo, reducing inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and normalizing lung histology. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that riboflavin reveals anti-inflammatory rather than antiviral activity for SARS-CoV-2 infection. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Riboflavin could be suggested as a promising compound for the therapy of inflammatory diseases of broad origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman A Akasov
- Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119333, Russia; Institute of Molecular Theranostics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia; Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow 119435, Russia.
| | - Olga E Chepikova
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia; Research Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
| | - Tatiana N Pallaeva
- Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119333, Russia; Research Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
| | - Neonila V Gorokhovets
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrei E Siniavin
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; Department of Molecular Neuroimmune Signalling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Gushchin
- Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N F Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Lyudmila V Savvateeva
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ivan A Vinokurov
- Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Khochenkov
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115478, Russia; Togliatti State University, Togliatti 445020, Russia
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia; Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia; Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Khaydukov
- Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119333, Russia; Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow 119435, Russia
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Munteanu C, Schwartz B. B Vitamins, Glucoronolactone and the Immune System: Bioavailability, Doses and Efficiency. Nutrients 2023; 16:24. [PMID: 38201854 PMCID: PMC10780850 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The present review deals with two main ingredients of energy/power drinks: B vitamins and glucuronolactone and their possible effect on the immune system. There is a strong relationship between the recommended daily dose of selected B vitamins and a functional immune system. Regarding specific B vitamins: (1) Riboflavin is necessary for the optimization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the fight against bacterial infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. (2) Niacin administered within normal doses to obese rats can change the phenotype of skeletal fibers, and thereby affect muscle metabolism. This metabolic phenotype induced by niacin treatment is also confirmed by stimulation of the expression of genes involved in the metabolism of free fatty acids (FFAs) and oxidative phosphorylation at this level. (3) Vitamin B5 effects depend primarily on the dose, thus large doses can cause diarrhea or functional disorders of the digestive tract whereas normal levels are effective in wound healing, liver detoxification, and joint health support. (4) High vitamin B6 concentrations (>2000 mg per day) have been shown to exert a significant negative impact on the dorsal root ganglia. Whereas, at doses of approximately 70 ng/mL, sensory symptoms were reported in 80% of cases. (5) Chronic increases in vitamin B12 have been associated with the increased incidence of solid cancers. Additionally, glucuronolactone, whose effects are not well known, represents a controversial compound. (6) Supplementing with D-glucarates, such as glucuronolactone, may help the body's natural defense system function better to inhibit different tumor promoters and carcinogens and their consequences. Cumulatively, the present review aims to evaluate the relationship between the selected B vitamins group, glucuronolactone, and the immune system and their associations to bioavailability, doses, and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Munteanu
- Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Betty Schwartz
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The School of Nutritional Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Zou S, Jie H, Han X, Wang J. The role of neutrophil extracellular traps in sepsis and sepsis-related acute lung injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110436. [PMID: 37688916 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to trap pathogenic microorganisms. NETs are involved in the inflammatory response and bacterial killing and clearance. However, their excessive activation can lead to an inflammatory storm in the body, which may damage tissues and cause organ dysfunction. Organ dysfunction is the main pathophysiological cause of sepsis and also a cause of the high mortality rate in sepsis. Acute lung injury caused by sepsis accounts for the highest proportion of organ damage in sepsis. NET formation can lead to the development of sepsis because by promoting the release of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, thereby accelerating acute lung injury. In this review, we describe the critical role of NETs in sepsis-associated acute lung injury and review the current knowledge and novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Zou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hongyu Jie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xinai Han
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jinghong Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Zhao H, Wang L, Yan Y, Zhao QH, He J, Jiang R, Luo CJ, Qiu HL, Miao YQ, Gong SG, Yuan P, Wu WH. Identification of the shared gene signatures between pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension using bioinformatics analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1197752. [PMID: 37731513 PMCID: PMC10507338 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1197752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) have common pathophysiological features, such as the significant remodeling of pulmonary parenchyma and vascular wall. There is no effective specific drug in clinical treatment for these two diseases, resulting in a worse prognosis and higher mortality. This study aimed to screen the common key genes and immune characteristics of PF and PH by means of bioinformatics to find new common therapeutic targets. Expression profiles are downloaded from the Gene Expression Database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis is used to identify the co-expression modules related to PF and PH. We used the ClueGO software to enrich and analyze the common genes in PF and PH and obtained the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Then, the differential genes were screened out in another cohort of PF and PH, and the shared genes were crossed. Finally, RT-PCR verification and immune infiltration analysis were performed on the intersection genes. In the result, the positive correlation module with the highest correlation between PF and PH was determined, and it was found that lymphocyte activation is a common feature of the pathophysiology of PF and PH. Eight common characteristic genes (ACTR2, COL5A2, COL6A3, CYSLTR1, IGF1, RSPO3, SCARNA17 and SEL1L) were gained. Immune infiltration showed that compared with the control group, resting CD4 memory T cells were upregulated in PF and PH. Combining the results of crossing characteristic genes in ImmPort database and RT-PCR, the important gene IGF1 was obtained. Knocking down IGF1 could significantly reduce the proliferation and apoptosis resistance in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, pulmonary smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts induced by hypoxia, platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), respectively. Our work identified the common biomarkers of PF and PH and provided a new candidate gene for the potential therapeutic targets of PF and PH in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Heart Center and Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin-Hua Zhao
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ci-Jun Luo
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Ling Qiu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Qing Miao
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Su-Gang Gong
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Hui Wu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Munteanu C, Schwartz B. The relationship between nutrition and the immune system. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1082500. [PMID: 36570149 PMCID: PMC9772031 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1082500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition plays an essential role in the regulation of optimal immunological response, by providing adequate nutrients in sufficient concentrations to immune cells. There are a large number of micronutrients, such as minerals, and vitamins, as well as some macronutrients such as some amino acids, cholesterol and fatty acids demonstrated to exert a very important and specific impact on appropriate immune activity. This review aims to summarize at some extent the large amount of data accrued to date related to the modulation of immune function by certain micro and macronutrients and to emphasize their importance in maintaining human health. Thus, among many, some relevant case in point examples are brought and discussed: (1) The role of vitamin A/all-trans-retinoic-acids (ATRA) in acute promyelocytic leukemia, being this vitamin utilized as a very efficient therapeutic agent via effective modulation of the immune function (2) The involvement of vitamin C in the fight against tumor cells via the increase of the number of active NK cells. (3) The stimulation of apoptosis, the suppression of cancer cell proliferation, and delayed tumor development mediated by calcitriol/vitamin D by means of immunity regulation (4) The use of selenium as a cofactor to reach more effective immune response to COVID vaccination (5). The crucial role of cholesterol to regulate the immune function, which is demonstrated to be very sensitive to the variations of this macronutrient concentration. Other important examples are reviewed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Munteanu
- Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania,Camelia Munteanu,
| | - Betty Schwartz
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The School of Nutritional Sciences, The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel,*Correspondence: Betty Schwartz,
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Abstract
Aerobic organisms need antioxidant defense systems to deal with free radicals which either are produced during aerobic respiration or may have an external origin. Oxidative stress, which is resulted from an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the ability of antioxidant defense mechanism to deactivate them, is involved in the development of many chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, CVD and some neurodegenerative diseases. Reinforcing the antioxidant potential of the body has been considered as a strategy that could prevent and manage such conditions. In the previous review article published by British Journal of Nutrition, in 2014, for the first time, we concluded that riboflavin could alleviate oxidative stress. Although riboflavin can serve as a prooxidant when exposed to ultraviolet irradiation, the literature is replete with studies that support its antioxidant properties. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that riboflavin may have a therapeutic potential in many conditions in which oxidative stress is involved, although the therapeutic efficacy of riboflavin as an antioxidant requires further study under conditions of wellness and clinical disease.
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Effects of Dietary Riboflavin Supplementation on the Growth Performance, Body Composition and Anti-Oxidative Capacity of Coho Salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch) Post-Smolts. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223218. [PMID: 36428445 PMCID: PMC9686583 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of dietary riboflavin on growth performance, body composition and anti-oxidative capacity of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) post-smolts. Seven experimental diets were formulated with graded riboflavin levels of 0.00, 3.96, 8.07, 16.11, 31.81, 63.67 and 126.69 mg/kg, respectively. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of 10 fish with an individually initial mean body weight of 186.22 ± 0.41 g in 21 cages (water volume, 1000-L/cage) and fed three times daily (7:30, 12:30 and 17:30) to apparent satiation for 12 weeks. Fish fed a diet with 31.81 mg/kg riboflavin had the highest specific growth rate (SGR), which was significantly higher than fish-fed diets with 0.00, 3.96, 8.07 and 126.69 mg/kg riboflavin (p < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio showed an inverse trend with SGR. No significant differences were observed in condition factor, hepatosomatic index, viscerosomatic index, muscle moisture, crude protein and ash contents among dietary groups. Muscle lipid had the highest content in the 31.81 mg/kg group and was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those in the 0.00, 3.96 and 8.07 mg/kg groups. The alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and malondialdehyde contents in the liver and serum of fish were significantly decreased with the increase in dietary riboflavin level up to 31.81 mg/kg, and then increased as dietary riboflavin level further increased. An inverse trend was observed for total superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly decreased with the dietary of riboflavin levels up to 31.81 and 63.67 mg/kg, respectively. The cubic curve regression analysis based on SGR indicated that the optimum dietary riboflavin level was estimated to be 35.26 mg/kg for coho salmon post-smolts.
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Ismail OI, Rashed NA. Riboflavin attenuates tartrazine toxicity in the cerebellar cortex of adult albino rat. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19346. [PMID: 36369258 PMCID: PMC9652251 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23894-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tartrazine is a synthetic yellowish dye considered one of the most common food colorants. Extensive usage of tartrazine in humans led to harmful health impacts. To investigate the impact of tartrazine administration on the cerebellum and to assess the potential role of riboflavin co-administration in the adult male albino rat. Four groups of adult albino rats were included in this study. Group I was supplied with distilled water. Group II was supplied tartrazine orally at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg BW dissolved in distilled water. Group III was supplied with tartrazine at the same previously mentioned dose and riboflavin orally at a dose of 25 mg/kg BW dissolved in distilled water. Group IV was supplied with riboflavin at the same previously mentioned dose. The study was conducted for 30 days then rats were sacrificed, weighted and the cerebella extracted and handled for light, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical evaluation. It was found with tartrazine treatment focal areas of Purkinje cell loss leaving empty spaces, a broad spread of neuronal affection to the degree of the disappearance of some of the granular cells, reduced the thickness of the molecular and granular layers, and strong positive GFAP immunoreactions. With riboflavin coadministration restored continuous Purkinje layer with normal appeared Purkinje cells, but some cells were still shrunken and vacuolated as well as the molecular and granular cell layers appeared normal. Tartrazine had deleterious effects on the cerebellar cytoarchitecture, and riboflavin co-administration alleviated these neurotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia I Ismail
- Lecturer of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt.
| | - Noha A Rashed
- Lecturer of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
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Attafi IM, Bakheet SA, Ahmad SF, Belali OM, Alanazi FE, Aljarboa SA, Al-Alallah IA, Korashy HM. Lead Nitrate Induces Inflammation and Apoptosis in Rat Lungs Through the Activation of NF-κB and AhR Signaling Pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:64959-64970. [PMID: 35482242 PMCID: PMC9481511 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19980-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is one of the most frequent hazardous air contaminants, where the lungs are particularly vulnerable to its toxicity. However, the Pb distribution and its impact on lung inflammation/apoptosis and particularly the involvement of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling pathways in Pb-induced lung toxicity have not yet been fully investigated. Adult male Wistar albino rats were exposed to Pb nitrate 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg b.w. orally for 3 days. The histopathological changes of several rat organs were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The concentrations of Pb ion in different organ tissues were quantified using inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry, while gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to identify organic compounds. The changes in the mRNA and protein expression levels of inflammatory and apoptotic genes in response to Pb exposure were quantified by using RT-PCR and Western blot analyses, respectively. Treatment of rats with Pb for three consecutive days significantly increased the accumulation of Pb in lung tissues causing severe interstitial inflammation. Pb treatment also increased the percentage of lung apoptotic cells and modulated apoptotic genes (Bc2, p53, and TGF-α), inflammatory markers (IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α), and oxidative stress biomarkers (iNOS, CYP1A1, EphX) in rat lung tissues. These effects were associated with a significant increase in organic compounds, such as 3-nitrotyrosine and myeloperoxidase, and some inorganic elements, such as selenium. Importantly, the Pb-induced lung inflammation and apoptosis were associated with a proportional increase in the expression of NF-κB and AhR mRNAs and proteins. These findings clearly show that Pb induces severe inflammation and apoptosis in rat lungs and suggest that NF-κB and AhR may play a role in Pb-induced lung toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibraheem M Attafi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Poison Control and Medical Forensic Chemistry Center, Jazan Health Affairs, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osamah M Belali
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Aseer Central Hospital, Asser health affairs, Ministry of Health, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz E Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman A Aljarboa
- Central Laboratory, Research Center, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A Al-Alallah
- Pathology and Clinical Laboratories Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham M Korashy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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Vitamin B 2 Prevents Glucocorticoid-Caused Damage of Blood Vessels in Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4006184. [PMID: 35845964 PMCID: PMC9279053 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4006184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a disorder that can cause collapse of the femoral head. The damage and dysfunction of femoral head microvascular endothelial cells are related to the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced ONFH. Reports suggest that vitamin B2 can promote osteoblast differentiation and prevent low bone mineral density and prevent reperfusion oxidative injury. To explore the effect and possible molecular mechanism of vitamin B2 on the ONFH and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs), we performed a rat model of ONFH by dexamethasone. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group, vitamin B2 group, dexamethasone group, and dexamethasone combined with vitamin B2 treatment group. HUVECs were used to further prove the role and mechanism of vitamin B2 in vitro. In patients, according to immunohistochemical and qRT-PCR of the femoral head, the angiogenic capacity of the ONFH femoral head is compromised. In vivo, it showed that vitamin B2 could inhibit glucocorticoid-induced ONFH-like changes in rats by suppressing cell apoptosis, promoting the regeneration of blood vessels, and increasing bone mass. According to in vitro results, vitamin B2 could induce the migration of HUVECs, enhance the expression of angiogenesis-related factors, and inhibit glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. The underlying mechanism may be that vitamin B2 activates the PI3K signaling pathway. Vitamin B2 alleviated dexamethasone-induced ONFH, and vitamin B2 could promote the proliferation and migration of HUVECs and inhibit their apoptosis by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Vitamin B2 may be a potentially effective treatment for ONFH.
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Dong R, Luo L, Liu X, Yu G. Effects of riboflavin on boar sperm motility, sperm quality, enzyme activity and antioxidant status during cryopreservation. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1509-1518. [PMID: 35561277 PMCID: PMC9297747 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of adding riboflavin to boar sperm freezing extender on the challenge of cryopreservation. Methods Different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 or 25 μM) of riboflavin were added to the freezing extender. Spermatozoa motility, membrane integrity, acrosomal integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential and enzyme activities were analysed once 10 min after thawing. Q‐PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of Caspase3, Bcl‐2 and Bax. Results The results showed that the addition of 10 μM riboflavin to boar sperm freezing extender significantly increased the frozen‐thawed sperm progressive motility compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase improved after adding riboflavin to the extender (p < 0.05). During freezing‐thawing, the boar sperm mitochondrial membrane potential, acrosomal integrity, plasma membrane and DNA at 10 μM in the riboflavin group increased by 6.6%, 9.6%, 5.49% and 5.62% (p < 0.05), respectively, compared with the control group. The addition of 10 μM riboflavin to the extender significantly decreased the malondialdehyde (p < 0.05) content, whereas it increased the ATP content (p < 0.05) of boar sperm during freezing‐thawing. Furthermore, the expression of Caspase‐3 and Bax (p < 0.05) were significantly lower, whereas the expression of BCL‐2 (p < 0.05) was greater than the control group when adding 10 μM riboflavin to the extender. Conclusions Riboflavin showed cryoprotective capacity to the freezing extender used for boar sperm during the process of freezing‐thawing, and the optimal concentration of riboflavin for the frozen extender was 10 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilan Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Lan Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
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Friend or Foe? The Roles of Antioxidants in Acute Lung Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121956. [PMID: 34943059 PMCID: PMC8750496 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is an acute hypoxic respiratory insufficiency caused by various intra- and extra-pulmonary injury factors. The oxidative stress caused by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in the lungs plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ALI. ROS is a "double-edged sword", which is widely involved in signal transduction and the life process of cells at a physiological concentration. However, excessive ROS can cause mitochondrial oxidative stress, leading to the occurrence of various diseases. It is well-known that antioxidants can alleviate ALI by scavenging ROS. Nevertheless, more and more studies found that antioxidants have no significant effect on severe organ injury, and may even aggravate organ injury and reduce the survival rate of patients. Our study introduces the application of antioxidants in ALI, and explore the mechanisms of antioxidants failure in various diseases including it.
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B Vitamins and Their Role in Immune Regulation and Cancer. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113380. [PMID: 33158037 PMCID: PMC7693142 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B group vitamins represent essential micronutrients for myriad metabolic and regulatory processes required for human health, serving as cofactors used by hundreds of enzymes that carry out essential functions such as energy metabolism, DNA and protein synthesis and other critical functions. B vitamins and their corresponding vitamers are universally essential for all cellular life forms, from bacteria to humans. Humans are unable to synthesize most B vitamins and are therefore dependent on their diet for these essential micronutrients. More recently, another source of B vitamins has been identified which is derived from portions of the 1013 bacterial cells inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract. Here we review the expanding literature examining the relationship between B vitamins and the immune system and diverse cancers. Evidence of B vitamin’s role in immune cell regulation has accumulated in recent years and may help to clarify the disparate findings of numerous studies attempting to link B vitamins to cancer development. Much work remains to be carried out to fully clarify these relationships as the complexity of B vitamins’ essential functions complicates an unequivocal assessment of their beneficial or detrimental effects in inflammation and cancers.
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Huang F, Zhang C, Liu Q, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Qin Y, Li X, Li C, Zhou C, Jin N, Jiang C. Identification of amitriptyline HCl, flavin adenine dinucleotide, azacitidine and calcitriol as repurposing drugs for influenza A H5N1 virus-induced lung injury. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008341. [PMID: 32176725 PMCID: PMC7075543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with avian influenza A H5N1 virus results in acute lung injury (ALI) and has a high mortality rate (52.79%) because there are limited therapies available for treatment. Drug repositioning is an economical approach to drug discovery. We developed a method for drug repositioning based on high-throughput RNA sequencing and identified several drugs as potential treatments for avian influenza A H5N1 virus. Using high-throughput RNA sequencing, we identified a total of 1,233 genes differentially expressed in A549 cells upon H5N1 virus infection. Among these candidate genes, 79 drug targets (corresponding to 59 approved drugs) overlapped with the DrugBank target database. Twenty-two of the 41 commercially available small-molecule drugs reduced H5N1-mediated cell death in cultured A549 cells, and fifteen drugs that protected A549 cells when administered both pre- and post-infection were tested in an H5N1-infection mouse model. The results showed significant alleviation of acute lung injury by amitriptyline HCl (an antidepressant drug), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD; an ophthalmic agent for vitamin B2 deficiency), azacitidine (an anti-neoplastic drug) and calcitriol (an active form of vitamin D). All four agents significantly reduced the infiltrating cell count and decreased the lung injury score in H5N1 virus-infected mice based on lung histopathology, significantly improved mouse lung edema by reducing the wet-to-dry weight ratio of lung tissue and significantly improved the survival of H5N1 virus-infected mice. This study not only identifies novel potential therapies for influenza H5N1 virus-induced lung injury but also provides a highly effective and economical screening method for repurposing drugs that may be generalizable for the prevention and therapy of other diseases. Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A virus H5N1 causes acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), with mortality as high as 52.79%. No vaccine for HPAI virus is available, and current treatments for influenza A H5N1 virus-induced ALI have limitations. Drug repurposing may be an effective approach for developing novel therapeutic strategies. In this study, we identified 4 drugs, the antidepressant amitriptyline HCl, the ophthalmic flavin adenine dinucleotide, the anti-neoplastic azacitidine and the vitamin D-deficiency treatment calcitriol, as being highly effective for the treatment of H5N1 virus-induced ALI using a transcriptomic-based high-throughput repurposing drug screening. These approved drugs might constitute novel potential remedies for treating influenza H5N1 virus infection, and this screening method may be generalizable for drug repositioning to identify new indications for other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Chang Li
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Congzhao Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
- * E-mail: (CZ); (NJ); (CJ)
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
- * E-mail: (CZ); (NJ); (CJ)
| | - Chengyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (CZ); (NJ); (CJ)
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15
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Riboflavin: The Health Benefits of a Forgotten Natural Vitamin. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030950. [PMID: 32023913 PMCID: PMC7037471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Riboflavin (RF) is a water-soluble member of the B-vitamin family. Sufficient dietary and supplemental RF intake appears to have a protective effect on various medical conditions such as sepsis, ischemia etc., while it also contributes to the reduction in the risk of some forms of cancer in humans. These biological effects of RF have been widely studied for their anti-oxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and anti-cancer properties. Moreover, the combination of RF and other compounds or drugs can have a wide variety of effects and protective properties, and diminish the toxic effect of drugs in several treatments. Research has been done in order to review the latest findings about the link between RF and different clinical aberrations. Since further studies have been published in this field, it is appropriate to consider a re-evaluation of the importance of RF in terms of its beneficial properties.
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Tao L, Liu K, Chen S, Yu H, An Y, Wang Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Qin Z, Xiao R. Dietary Intake of Riboflavin and Unsaturated Fatty Acid Can Improve the Multi-Domain Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged and Elderly Populations: A 2-Year Prospective Cohort Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:226. [PMID: 31555120 PMCID: PMC6727035 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was aimed to explore the effects of dietary nutrients on cognitive function among the middle-aged and elderly populations. Methods A prospective cohort study of 1,385 middle-aged and elderly people was conducted from January 2014 to December 2017. Dietary nutrients were assessed according to the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and China Food Composition Database (CFCD). Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) was used to evaluate the participants’ global cognitive function. Six other neuropsychological measures [auditory verbal learning test-immediate recall (AVLT-IR), auditory verbal learning test-short recall (AVLT-SR), auditory verbal learning test-long recall (AVLT-LR), logical memory test (LMT), digit span forward (DST-F), and digit span backward (DST-B)] were used to assess the verbal memory domain and the attention domain by principal component analysis (PCA). Multiple linear regressions were conducted to explore associations between nutrients and cognition. Sensitivity analyses were performed to confirm the results. Results Dietary riboflavin was protective for global cognitive function (β = 1.31, 95% CI: 0.26, 2.35) and the verbal memory domain (β = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.71). Unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) played a protective role in global cognitive function (β = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.16, 2.14). The protective effects of riboflavin and USFA on cognitive function were consistent and reliable when different confounders were adjusted during sensitivity analyses. During the follow-up, neuropsychological measure scores revealed a reduced decline in the high-riboflavin group (d-MoCA, P = 0.025; d-AVLT-IR, P = 0.001; d-DST-B, P = 0.004; and d-composite score, P = 0.004) and the high-USFA group (d-AVLT-IR, P = 0.007; d-LMT, P = 0.032; d-DST-B, P = 0.002; and d-composite score, P = 0.008). Conclusion Higher intake of riboflavin and USFA can improve multi-dimensional cognitive functioning in middle-aged and elderly people. These findings were consistent in different models of sensitivity analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwei Tao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kuo Liu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Si Chen
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyan Yu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu An
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yushan Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Rong Xiao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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17
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Mohamed HA, Elbastawisy YM, Elsaed WM. Attenuation of lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation by ascorbic acid in rats: Histopathological and ultrastructural study. SAGE Open Med 2019; 7:2050312119828260. [PMID: 30783524 PMCID: PMC6365996 DOI: 10.1177/2050312119828260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Lipopolysaccharide is a bacterial endotoxin that induces acute lung injury in experimental animals, which is similar to acute respiratory distress syndrome in humans. The induced tissue trauma ends in fibrosis. Understanding the pathogenesis is important in the prevention and treatment of the complications. This study was assigned to investigate the long-term lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury and the postulated protective effect of ascorbic acid on these changes. Materials and methods: Twenty-four adult male albino rats were divided into three groups. Group I was the controls, group II received lipopolysaccharide and group III received lipopolysaccharide and ascorbic acid. After 30 days of starting treatment, lung tissue samples were obtained. Results: Group II lung tissues showed marked thickening of the alveolar septa with collapsed alveolar sacs, detached bronchial epithelium, inflammatory cell infiltration and excessive deposition of collagen. Group III showed mild thickening of the alveolar walls, scanty inflammatory cell infiltration, mild parabronchial fibrosis and less marked collagen deposition. α-Smooth muscle actin staining of group II showed marked expression of the actin-positive cells. Less potential expression of the dye was found in group III. Ultrastructural examination of group II showed evident structural changes in pneumocytes with capillary basement membrane irregularity and interruption compared to uniform basement membrane in group III with less prominent intracellular changes in pneumocytes. Conclusion: Ascorbic acid attenuated the inflammatory response and fibrosis in the lungs of rats treated with lipopolysaccharide as evidenced by the histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Abdelhamid Mohamed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Yasser M Elbastawisy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Wael M Elsaed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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18
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Bashandy SAE, Ebaid H, Abdelmottaleb Moussa SA, Alhazza IM, Hassan I, Alaamer A, Al Tamimi J. Potential effects of the combination of nicotinamide, vitamin B2 and vitamin C on oxidative-mediated hepatotoxicity induced by thioacetamide. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:29. [PMID: 29444683 PMCID: PMC5813429 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0674-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The liver disease is one of the most important traditional public health problems in Egypt. Oxidative stress is attributed to such pathological condition that further contributes to the initiation and progression of liver injury. In the present study, we have investigated if the strong antioxidant power of Nicotinamide (NA), Vitamin B2 (VB2), and Vitamin C (VC) can ameliorate TAA-induced oxidative stress-mediated liver injury in the rats. Methods Thirty-six albino rats were divided into six groups: Control group; TAA group (IP injection with TAA at a dosage of 200 mg/Kg three times a week for two months); TAA + NA group (rats administered with NA at a dosage of 200 mg/kg daily besides TAA as in the control); TAA + VB2 group (rats administered with vitamin B2 at a dosage of 30 mg/kg daily besides injection with TAA); TAA + VC group (rats administered with vitamin C at a dosage of 200 mg/kg daily along with injection of TAA). TAA + NA + VB + VC group (rats administered the with the three vitamins daily in TAA pre-injected at the respective doses described above). Results Treatment of rats with TAA led to a significant elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the serum samples. Moreover, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydroxyproline and nitic oxide (NO) were also significantly increased in the TAA-treated rats, while reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly compromised in the hepatic samples. Rats administered with NA, VB2, and VC as individually or in combination ameliorated the deleterious effects of TAA that was confirmed by histopathology. However, the combination of the three vitamins was found more effective as compared to each of the vitamins. Conclusion Our work demonstrates that NA, VB2, and VC cross-talk with each other that act as a more potent biochemical chain of antioxidant defense against TAA-induced toxicities in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir A E Bashandy
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Bohouth St. (former EL Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, EL, 33, Egypt
| | - Hossam Ebaid
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
| | - Sherif A Abdelmottaleb Moussa
- Committee of Radiation and Environmental Pollution Protection (CREPP), Department of Physics, College of Science, Al- Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Biophysics Group, Biochemistry Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M Alhazza
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Iftekhar Hassan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alaamer
- Committee of Radiation and Environmental Pollution Protection (CREPP), Department of Physics, College of Science, Al- Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jameel Al Tamimi
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Bohouth St. (former EL Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, EL, 33, Egypt
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Riboflavin in Human Health: A Review of Current Evidences. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2018; 83:57-81. [PMID: 29477226 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Riboflavin is a water-soluble vitamin, which was initially isolated from milk. There are two coenzyme forms of riboflavin, flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide, in which riboflavin plays important roles in the enzymatic reactions. Riboflavin is found in a wide variety of animal and plant foods. Meat and dairy products are the major contributors of riboflavin dietary intake. In this chapter, the latest evidence on the relationship between riboflavin status and specific health risks will be reviewed. Also, some of the mechanisms by which riboflavin exerts its roles will be discussed. The evidence accrued suggests that riboflavin is an antioxidant nutrient which may prevent lipid peroxidation and reperfusion oxidative injury. Moreover, riboflavin deficiency may increase the risk of some cancers. Riboflavin may also exert a neuroprotective effects in some neurological disorders (e.g., Parkinson disease, migraine, and multiple sclerosis) through its role in some pathways that are hypothesized to be impaired in neurological disorders such as antioxidation, myelin formation, mitochondrial function, and iron metabolism.
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20
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Karakoyun B, Ertaş B, Yüksel M, Akakın D, Çevik Ö, Şener G. Ameliorative effects of riboflavin on acetic acid-induced colonic injury in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 45:563-572. [PMID: 29164668 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Riboflavin (RF) has been found to be a promising antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory agent in several studies. However, the effect of RF against acetic acid (AA)-induced colonic injury is currently unknown. This study aimed to investigate the potential antioxidant and protective effects of RF in a rat model of ulcerative colitis. Starting immediately after the colitis induction (AA+RF group) or 1 week before the colitis induction (RF+AA+RF group), the rats were treated with RF (25 mg/kg per day; p.o.) for 3 days. The control and AA groups received saline (1 mL; p.o.) whereas AA+SS group (positive control) received sulfasalazine (100 mg/kg per day; p.o.) for 3 days. Colonic samples were taken for the biochemical and histological assessments on the third day. High damage scores, elevated tissue wet weight index (WI), tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels and chemiluminescence values, and a pronounced decrease in antioxidant glutathione (GSH) levels of the AA group were all reversed by RF pretreatment (RF+AA+RF group) and SS treatment (AA+SS group) (P < .05-.001). Tissue WI, MPO activity and GSH levels were not statistically changed in the AA+RF group. Western blot analysis revealed that the decreased protein expressions of tissue collagen (COL) 1A1, COL3A1 and transforming growth factor-β1 in the AA group were elevated in all the treatment groups (P < .05-.001). In conclusion, RF exerts both the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects against AA-induced colonic inflammation by suppressing neutrophil accumulation, inhibiting reactive oxidant generation, preserving endogenous glutathione, improving oxidative DNA damage and regulating inflammatory mediators, suggesting a future potential role in the treatment and prevention of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Karakoyun
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Büşra Ertaş
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meral Yüksel
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Vocational School of Health Related Professions, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Akakın
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özge Çevik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Göksel Şener
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Imam F, Al-Harbi NO, Al-Harbi MM, Ansari MA, Almutairi MM, Alshammari M, Almukhlafi TS, Ansari MN, Aljerian K, Ahmad SF. Apremilast reversed carfilzomib-induced cardiotoxicity through inhibition of oxidative stress, NF-κB and MAPK signaling in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:700-708. [PMID: 27785949 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1236425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Carfilzomib (CFZ), is a potent, selective second generation proteasome inhibitor, used for the treatment of multiple myeloma. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible protective effect of apremilast (AP) on the CFZ -induced cardiotoxicity. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group 1, served as the control group, received normal saline. Group 2, served as the toxic group, received CFZ (4 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [i.p.]). Groups 3 and 4, served as treatment groups, and received CFZ with concomitant oral administration of AP in doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg/day, respectively. In the present study, administration of CFZ resulted in a significant increase in serum aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), which were reversed by treatment with AP. CFZ resulted in a significant increase in heart malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and decrease in cardiac glutathione (GSH) level and catalase (CAT) enzyme activity which were significantly reversed by treatment with AP. Induction of cardiotoxicity by CFZ significantly increased caspase-3 enzyme activity which were reversed by treatment with AP. RT-PCR analysis revealed an increased mRNA expression of NF-κB, ERK and JNK which were reversed by treatment with AP in cardiac tissues. Western blot analysis revealed an increased expression of caspase-3 and NF-κB p65 and a decrease expression of inhibitory kappa B-alpha (Iκbα) with CFZ, which were reversed by treatment with AP. In conclusion, apremilast showed protective effect against CFZ-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Imam
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif O Al-Harbi
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Matar Al-Harbi
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad Ansari
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashal M Almutairi
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaad Alshammari
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal Saad Almukhlafi
- b Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University , Al-Kharj , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Nazam Ansari
- b Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University , Al-Kharj , Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaldoon Aljerian
- c King Khalid University Hospital, College of Medicine , King Saud University, Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Unit , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh Fayaz Ahmad
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
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22
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Al-Harbi NO, Imam F, Al-Harbi MM, Ansari MA, Zoheir KMA, Korashy HM, Sayed-Ahmed MM, Attia SM, Shabanah OA, Ahmad SF. Dexamethasone Attenuates LPS-induced Acute Lung Injury through Inhibition of NF-κB, COX-2, and Pro-inflammatory Mediators. Immunol Invest 2016; 45:349-69. [DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2016.1157814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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23
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Al-Harbi NO. Carfilzomib-induced cardiotoxicity mitigated by dexrazoxane through inhibition of hypertrophic gene expression and oxidative stress in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:189-95. [PMID: 26899300 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2016.1143071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Carfilzomib (CFZ) is an inhibitor of proteasome that is generally used in the treatment of multiple myeloma but due to its cardiotoxicity clinical use may be limited. Dexrazoxane (DZR), an inhibitor of topoisomerase-II, prevents cardiac damage by reducing the formation of reactive oxygen species and hypertrophic gene expression. This study evaluated the protective effect of DZR on CFZ-induced cardiotoxicity. Thirty-two male Albino rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8). Group I received DMSO, Group II received CFZ (4 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [i.p.]) twice weekly up to day 16, Group III received DZR (20 mg/kg, i.p.) for 16 days and CFZ twice weekly for 16, Group IV received DZR (40 mg/kg, i.p.) for 16 days and CFZ twice weekly for 16. CFZ-induced cardiotoxicity was assessed by hematological, biochemical, mRNA expression, oxidative stress and histopathological studies. CFZ-induced significant changes have been observed in blood parameters including red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit concentrations which were associated with increase in cardiac enzymes markers like creatine kinase (CK), CK-MB and lactate dehydrogenase. Treatment with DZR reversed the hematological statistics and the biochemical markers of CFZ-induced cardiotoxicity. Furthermore, DZR also attenuated the effects of CFZ-induced toxic effect on redox markers such as malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione. Above findings were further confirmed by beta-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) and alpha-MHC (α-MHC) gene expression. Histopathological reports suggested that DZR ameliorates CFZ-induced changes in cardiac cellular architecture in rats. These results confirm that DZR protects heart from CFZ-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif O Al-Harbi
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , KSA
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