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Dogadov DI, Kyuregyan KK, Alexandra GM, Minosyan AA, Kochkonyan AA, Karlsen AA, Vyshemirsky OI, Karal-Ogly DD, Mikhailov MI. Markers of antroponotic viral infections in vervet monkeys arrived from their natural habitat (Tanzania). Vopr Virusol 2023; 68:394-403. [PMID: 38156576 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Various human viruses have been identified in wild monkeys and in captive primates. Cases of transmission of viruses from wild monkeys to humans and vice versa are known. The aim of this study was to identify markers of anthroponotic viral infections in vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) arrived from their natural habitat (Tanzania). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fecal samples (n = 56) and blood serum samples (n = 75) obtained from 75 animals, respectively, on days 10 and 23 after admission to the primate center, were tested for the markers of anthroponotic viral infections (Ebola virus, Marburg virus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis, hepatitis C virus, herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), parainfluenza types 1 and 3, intestinal adenoviruses, rotaviruses) by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Among the examined animals, markers of 6 out of 11 tested viral infections were identified. Detection rates of IgG antibodies to HSV-1,2 (15.9%) and CMV (15.9%) were two times as low as IgG antibodies to EBV (31.8%). Among the markers of respiratory viral infections, IgG antibodies to parainfluenza virus type 1 were found (6.8%). 14.3% of the animals had rotavirus antigen, and 94% had simian adenovirus DNA. Markers of hemorrhagic fevers Ebola, Marburg, LCM, hepatitis C, and type 3 parainfluenza were not detected. CONCLUSION When importing monkeys from different regions of the world, an expanded screening for viral infections is needed considering the epidemiological situation both in the country of importation and in the country of destination.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Dogadov
- Research Institute of Medical Primatology of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia
| | - K K Kyuregyan
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera
| | - G M Alexandra
- Research Institute of Medical Primatology of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia
| | - A A Minosyan
- Research Institute of Medical Primatology of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia
| | - A A Kochkonyan
- Research Institute of Medical Primatology of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia
| | - A A Karlsen
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera
| | - O I Vyshemirsky
- Research Institute of Medical Primatology of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia
| | - D D Karal-Ogly
- Research Institute of Medical Primatology of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia
| | - M I Mikhailov
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera
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Xu X, Holmes TC, Luo MH, Beier KT, Horwitz GD, Zhao F, Zeng W, Hui M, Semler BL, Sandri-Goldin RM. Viral Vectors for Neural Circuit Mapping and Recent Advances in Trans-synaptic Anterograde Tracers. Neuron 2020; 107:1029-1047. [PMID: 32755550 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Viral tracers are important tools for neuroanatomical mapping and genetic payload delivery. Genetically modified viruses allow for cell-type-specific targeting and overcome many limitations of non-viral tracers. Here, we summarize the viruses that have been developed for neural circuit mapping, and we provide a primer on currently applied anterograde and retrograde viral tracers with practical guidance on experimental uses. We also discuss and highlight key technical and conceptual considerations for developing new safer and more effective anterograde trans-synaptic viral vectors for neural circuit analysis in multiple species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmin Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-1275, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4025, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2715, USA; The Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Todd C Holmes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4560, USA; The Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Min-Hua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; The Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Kevin T Beier
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4560, USA; The Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Gregory D Horwitz
- The Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; The Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Fei Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 102206, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research (CIBR), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wenbo Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - May Hui
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4560, USA
| | - Bert L Semler
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4025, USA; The Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Rozanne M Sandri-Goldin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4025, USA; The Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Viral seroprevalence in northern pig-tailed macaques (Macaca leonina) derived from Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Primates 2016; 57:413-9. [PMID: 26993123 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-016-0531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-human primates are natural virus reservoirs, whether wild or domestic. In this study, we determined the seroprevalence of common viruses by ELISA in a northern pig-tailed macaque (Macaca leonina) colony derived from Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. A total of 20 types of virus which are commonly selected as target microorganisms for specific-pathogen-free colonies, or which have zoonotic potential were included in this study. The results showed only 2 in 90 northern pig-tailed macaques were seronegative for all the detected viruses, and at least 16 out of the total 20 types of virus tested were prevalent in this colony, so these macaques were commonly infected by various viruses. These macaques should be carefully assessed for viral seroprevalence in order to prevent zoonotic diseases from being transferred to human beings.
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Haanstra KG, Dijkman K, Bashir N, Bauer J, Mary C, Poirier N, Baker P, Crossan CL, Scobie L, 't Hart BA, Vanhove B. Selective blockade of CD28-mediated T cell costimulation protects rhesus monkeys against acute fatal experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:1454-66. [PMID: 25589073 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Costimulatory and coinhibitory receptor-ligand pairs on T cells and APC control the immune response. We have investigated whether selective blockade of CD28-CD80/86 costimulatory interactions, which preserves the coinhibitory CTLA4-CD80/86 interactions and the function of regulatory T (Treg) cells, abrogates the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rhesus monkeys. EAE was induced by intracutaneous immunization with recombinant human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (rhMOG) in CFA on day 0. FR104 is a monovalent, PEGylated-humanized Fab' Ab fragment against human CD28, cross-reactive with rhesus monkey CD28. FR104 or placebo was administered on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. FR104 levels remained high until the end of the study (day 42). Placebo-treated animals all developed clinical EAE between days 12 and 27. FR104-treated animals did not develop clinical EAE and were sacrificed at the end of the study resulting in a significantly prolonged survival. FR104 treatment diminished T and B cell responses against rhMOG, significantly reduced CNS inflammation and prevented demyelination. The inflammatory profile in the cerebrospinal fluid and brain material was also strongly reduced. Recrudescence of latent virus was investigated in blood, spleen, and brain. No differences between groups were observed for the β-herpesvirus CMV and the polyomaviruses SV40 and SA12. Cross-sectional measurement of lymphocryptovirus, the rhesus monkey EBV, demonstrated elevated levels in the blood of FR104-treated animals. Blocking rhesus monkey CD28 with FR104 mitigated autoreactive T and B cell activation and prevented CNS pathology in the rhMOG/CFA EAE model in rhesus monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista G Haanstra
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2280 GH Rijswijk, the Netherlands;
| | - Karin Dijkman
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2280 GH Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Noun Bashir
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2280 GH Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Bauer
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Paul Baker
- Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, United Kingdom
| | | | - Linda Scobie
- Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, United Kingdom
| | - Bert A 't Hart
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2280 GH Rijswijk, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Department of Neuroscience, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Bernard Vanhove
- Effimune SAS, 44035 Nantes, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, 44093 Nantes, France
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Abstract
Human risks of acquiring a zoonotic disease from animals used in biomedical research have declined over the last decade because higher quality research animals have defined microbiologic profiles. Even with diminished risks, the potential for exposure to infectious agents still exists, especially from larger species such as nonhuman primates, which may be obtained from the wild, and from livestock, dogs, ferrets, and cats, which are generally not raised in barrier facilities and are not subject to the intensive health monitoring performed routinely on laboratory rodents and rabbits. Additionally, when laboratory animals are used as models for infectious disease studies, exposure to microbial pathogens presents a threat to human health. Also, with the recognition of emerging diseases, some of which are zoonotic, constant vigilance and surveillance of laboratory animals for zoonotic diseases are still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G. Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Glen Otto
- Animal Resources Ctr University Texas Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Lesley A. Colby
- Department of comparative Medicine University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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