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Cong Y, Wang Y, Yuan T, Zhang Z, Ge J, Meng Q, Li Z, Sun S. Macrophages in aseptic loosening: Characteristics, functions, and mechanisms. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1122057. [PMID: 36969165 PMCID: PMC10030580 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1122057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aseptic loosening (AL) is the most common complication of total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Both local inflammatory response and subsequent osteolysis around the prosthesis are the fundamental causes of disease pathology. As the earliest change of cell behavior, polarizations of macrophages play an essential role in the pathogenesis of AL, including regulating inflammatory responses and related pathological bone remodeling. The direction of macrophage polarization is closely dependent on the microenvironment of the periprosthetic tissue. When the classically activated macrophages (M1) are characterized by the augmented ability to produce proinflammatory cytokines, the primary functions of alternatively activated macrophages (M2) are related to inflammatory relief and tissue repair. Yet, both M1 macrophages and M2 macrophages are involved in the occurrence and development of AL, and a comprehensive understanding of polarized behaviors and inducing factors would help in identifying specific therapies. In recent years, studies have witnessed novel discoveries regarding the role of macrophages in AL pathology, the shifts between polarized phenotype during disease progression, as well as local mediators and signaling pathways responsible for regulations in macrophages and subsequent osteoclasts (OCs). In this review, we summarize recent progress on macrophage polarization and related mechanisms during the development of AL and discuss new findings and concepts in the context of existing work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehao Cong
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianxun Ge
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Meng
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ziqing Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Ziqing Li, ; Shui Sun,
| | - Shui Sun
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Ziqing Li, ; Shui Sun,
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Ormazabal P, Cifuentes M, Varì R, Scazzocchio B, Masella R, Pacheco I, Vega W, Paredes A, Morales G. Hydroethanolic Extract of Lampaya Medicinalis Phil. ( Verbenaceae) Decreases Proinflammatory Marker Expression in Palmitic Acid-exposed Macrophages. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 20:1309-1320. [PMID: 32400338 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200513082300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a major health problem associated with increased comorbidities, which are partially triggered by inflammation. Proinflammatory macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue of individuals with obesity increases chronic inflammation. Obesity is associated with elevated plasma levels of saturated fatty acids, such as palmitic acid (PA), which promotes inflammation in vivo and in vitro. Infusions of Lampaya medicinalis Phil. (Verbenaceae) are used in the folk medicine of Northern Chile to counteract inflammation of rheumatic diseases. Hydroethanolic extract of lampaya (HEL) contains spectrophotometrically defined compounds that may contribute to the observed effect on inflammation. METHODS We evaluated the phytochemical composition of HEL by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization- tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). We assessed whether the exposure to HEL affects PA-induced expression of proinflammatory factors in THP-1 macrophages. RESULTS HPLC-DAD and LC-ESI-MS/MS analyses showed the presence of considerable amounts of flavonoids in HEL. The PA-induced phosphorylation of the inflammatory pathway mediators IKK and NF-κB, as well as the elevated expression and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α), were reduced in cells pre-exposed to HEL. CONCLUSION These findings give new insights about the effect of HEL reducing IKK/NF-κB proinflammatory pathway, likely explained by the number of flavonoids contained in the extract. More studies would be needed to define the possible role of Lampaya as a preventive approach in subjects with obesity whose circulating PA might contribute to chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Ormazabal
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universidad de O'Higgins, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 611, 2820000 Rancagua, Chile.,Laboratory of Obesity and Metabolism in Geriatrics and Adults (OMEGA), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Av. El Líbano 5524, 7830490 Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariana Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Obesity and Metabolism in Geriatrics and Adults (OMEGA), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Av. El Líbano 5524, 7830490 Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rosaria Varì
- Center for Gender- Specific Medicine, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Scazzocchio
- Center for Gender- Specific Medicine, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Masella
- Center for Gender- Specific Medicine, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Igor Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Bioinformatica y Expresion Genica, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Av. El Líbano 5524, 7830490 Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Wladimir Vega
- Laboratorio de Bioinformatica y Expresion Genica, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Av. El Líbano 5524, 7830490 Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adrián Paredes
- Laboratorio de Quimica Biologica, Instituto Antofagasta (IA) and Departamento de Quimica, Facultad de Ciencias Basicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Av. Angamos 601, 1240000 Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Glauco Morales
- Laboratorio de Quimica Biologica, Instituto Antofagasta (IA) and Departamento de Quimica, Facultad de Ciencias Basicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Av. Angamos 601, 1240000 Antofagasta, Chile
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Ye GY, Wang KY, Gui QD, Wang M. Ureaplasma urealyticum-derived lipid-associated membrane proteins introduce IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α cytokines into human amniotic epithelial cells via Toll-like receptor 2. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 19:654-661. [PMID: 30070088 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1800005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the role of Ureaplasma urealyticum-derived lipid-associated membrane proteins (LAMPs) in the host innate immune system, specifically their effect on Toll-like receptors (TLRs). METHODS LAMPs were derived from U. urealyticum strains, and human amniotic epithelial cells (HAECs) were isolated from healthy full-term placentas. Cytokine concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and TLR2 mRNA by real-time PCR. Expression of TLR2 was confirmed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS LAMPs induced HAECs to produce inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Cytokine production was reduced after blocking TLR2 using TLR2 inhibitor (anti-hTLR2-IgA). CONCLUSIONS LAMPs isolated from U. urealyticum induced TLR2-dependent up-regulation of inflammatory genes and cytokines in HAECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yong Ye
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Ke-Yi Wang
- Central Laboratory, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qiao-di Gui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Min Wang
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
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Filifactor alocis Promotes Neutrophil Degranulation and Chemotactic Activity. Infect Immun 2016; 84:3423-3433. [PMID: 27647870 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00496-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Filifactor alocis is a recently recognized periodontal pathogen; however, little is known regarding its interactions with the immune system. As the first-responder phagocytic cells, neutrophils are recruited in large numbers to the periodontal pocket, where they play a crucial role in the innate defense of the periodontium. Thus, in order to colonize, successful periodontal pathogens must devise means to interfere with neutrophil chemotaxis and activation. In this study, we assessed major neutrophil functions, including degranulation and cell migration, associated with the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway upon challenge with F. alocis. Under conditions lacking a chemotactic gradient, F. alocis-challenged neutrophils had increased migration compared to uninfected cells, indicating that F. alocis increases chemokinesis in human neutrophils. In addition, neutrophil chemotaxis induced by interleukin-8 was significantly enhanced when cells were challenged with F. alocis, compared to noninfected cells. Similar to live bacteria, heat-killed F. alocis induced both random and directed migration of human neutrophils. The interaction of F. alocis with Toll-like receptor 2 induced granule exocytosis along with a transient ERK1/2 and sustained p38 MAPK activation. Moreover, F. alocis-induced secretory vesicle and specific granule exocytosis were p38 MAPK dependent. Blocking neutrophil degranulation with TAT-SNAP23 fusion protein significantly reduced the chemotactic and random migration induced by F. alocis Therefore, we propose that induction of random migration by F. alocis will prolong neutrophil traffic time in the gingival tissue, and subsequent degranulation will contribute to tissue damage.
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Viciani E, Montagnani F, Tavarini S, Tordini G, Maccari S, Morandi M, Faenzi E, Biagini C, Romano A, Salerni L, Finco O, Lazzi S, Ruggiero P, De Luca A, Barocchi MA, Manetti AGO. Paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with tonsil colonisation by Streptococcus pyogenes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20609. [PMID: 26860261 PMCID: PMC4748291 DOI: 10.1038/srep20609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of pathogenic bacteria in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) has yet to be elucidated. We investigated the possible role of group A streptococcus (GAS) in OSAS pathogenesis. In 40 tonsillectomized patients affected by OSAS and 80 healthy controls, significant (p < 0.0001) association of GAS with paediatric OSAS was found. Supernatant from streptolysin O (SLO)-producing GAS induced production of cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) in tonsil mononuclear cells (TMCs). CysLTs-treated TMCs showed significant (p < 0.05) proliferation of CD4+ T, CD19+ and CD19+CD27+CD38+ B lymphocytes. We discovered a SLO-dependent activation of CysLTs production through a pathway involving TOLL-like receptor 4 (TLR4), TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF), Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), and p38 MAP Kinase. In conclusion, we hypothesise that GAS may contribute to paediatric tonsillar hyperplasia through CysLTs production induced by SLO, and this might explain its association with OSAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Viciani
- GSK Vaccines S.r.l., Via Fiorentina, 1 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Montagnani
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy.,University Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Department of Specialized and Internal Medicine, Viale Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Giacinta Tordini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Maccari
- GSK Vaccines S.r.l., Via Fiorentina, 1 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Matteo Morandi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Elisa Faenzi
- GSK Vaccines S.r.l., Via Fiorentina, 1 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Cesare Biagini
- Clinica Otorinolaringoiatrica, Policlinico Universitario "Le Scotte", Viale Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Antonio Romano
- Clinica Otorinolaringoiatrica, Policlinico Universitario "Le Scotte", Viale Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Salerni
- Clinica Otorinolaringoiatrica, Policlinico Universitario "Le Scotte", Viale Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Oretta Finco
- GSK Vaccines S.r.l., Via Fiorentina, 1 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Lazzi
- Section of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Viale Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Paolo Ruggiero
- GSK Vaccines S.r.l., Via Fiorentina, 1 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea De Luca
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy.,University Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Department of Specialized and Internal Medicine, Viale Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Abstract
Inflammasomes are high molecular weight complexes that sense and react to injury and infection. Their activation induces caspase-1 activation and release of interleukin-1β, a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in both acute and chronic inflammatory responses. There is increasing evidence that inflammasomes, particularly the NLRP3 inflammasome, act as guardians against noninfectious material. Inappropriate activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to the progression of many noncommunicable diseases such as gout, type II diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. Inhibiting the inflammasome may significantly reduce damaging inflammation and is therefore regarded as a therapeutic target. Currently approved inhibitors of interleukin-1β are rilonacept, canakinumab, and anakinra. However, these proteins do not possess ideal pharmacokinetic properties and are unlikely to easily cross the blood-brain barrier. Because inflammation can contribute to neurological disorders, this review focuses on the development of small-molecule inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex G Baldwin
- Manchester Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester , Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - David Brough
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester , AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Sally Freeman
- Manchester Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester , Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
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Hosseini M, Haji Fatahaliha M, Aghebati-Maleki L, Movassagh Pour A, Rafati S, Seifi-Najmi M, Younesi V, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Yousefi M. Recombinant Leishmania major lipophosphoglycan 3 activates human T-lymphocytes via TLR2-independent pathway. J Immunotoxicol 2015; 13:263-9. [PMID: 26181511 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2015.1066906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is one of the most common infectious diseases transmitted by an obligate intracellular genus Leishmania. As there is no efficient vaccination strategy for leishmaniasis, new immunostimulatory components may enhance protective immune responses against this parasite. Lipophosphoglycan 3 (LPG3) is an essential protein required for LPG assembling. In this study, the ability of recombinant LPG3 (rLPG) and its fragments to activate isolated healthy human T-cells and cytokine secretion was evaluated in vitro. The results showed that rLPG3 and its N-terminal fragment (rNT-LPG3) enhanced expression of CD69 on the surface of T-cells and promoted differentiation of CD4(+) T-lymphocytes toward a T-helper 1 (T(H)1) phenotype, in part, through up-regulation of interferon (IFN)-γ expression in a TLR2-independent manner. These results indicated the protective effects of LPG3 (particularly NT-LPG3 fragment) as a potent immunostimulatory component of leishmania in vaccination against leishmaniasis. Further investigations in in vivo assays are clearly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hosseini
- a Drug Applied Research Center .,b Immunology Research Center , and.,c Department of Immunology , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Mostafa Haji Fatahaliha
- a Drug Applied Research Center .,b Immunology Research Center , and.,c Department of Immunology , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Leili Aghebati-Maleki
- b Immunology Research Center , and.,c Department of Immunology , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Aliakbar Movassagh Pour
- b Immunology Research Center , and.,c Department of Immunology , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Sima Rafati
- d Molecular Immunology and Vaccine Research Lab, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , and
| | - Mehrnush Seifi-Najmi
- b Immunology Research Center , and.,c Department of Immunology , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Vahid Younesi
- e Department of Immunology , School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- e Department of Immunology , School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- b Immunology Research Center , and.,c Department of Immunology , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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Escherichia coli Maltose-Binding Protein Induces M1 Polarity of RAW264.7 Macrophage Cells via a TLR2- and TLR4-Dependent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:9896-909. [PMID: 25941931 PMCID: PMC4463623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16059896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Maltose-binding protein (MBP) is a critical player of the maltose/maltodextrin transport system in Escherichia coli. Our previous studies have revealed that MBP nonspecifically induces T helper type 1 (Th1) cell activation and activates peritoneal macrophages obtained from mouse. In the present study, we reported a direct stimulatory effect of MBP on RAW264.7 cells, a murine macrophage cell line. When stimulated with MBP, the production of nitric oxide (NO), IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-12p70, and the expressions of CD80, MHC class II and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were all increased in RAW264.7 cells, indicating the activation and polarization of RAW264.7 cells into M1 macrophages induced by MBP. Further study showed that MBP stimulation upregulated the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 on RAW264.7 cells, which was accompanied by subsequent phosphorylation of IκB-α and p38 MAPK. Pretreatment with anti-TLR2 or anti-TLR4 antibodies largely inhibited the phosphorylation of IκB-α and p38 MAPK, and greatly reduced MBP-induced NO and IL-12p70 production, suggesting that the MBP-induced macrophage activation and polarization were mediated by TLR2 and TLR4 signaling pathways. The observed results were independent of lipopolysaccharide contamination. Our study provides a new insight into a mechanism by which MBP enhances immune responses and warrants the potential application of MBP as an immune adjuvant in immune therapies.
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GYEONG-JIN YU, IL-WHAN CHOI, GI-YOUNG KIM, BYUNG-WOO KIM, CHEOL PARK, SU-HYUN HONG, SUNG-KWON MOON, HEE-JAE CHA, YOUNG-CHAE CHANG, KEE YOEUP PAEK, WUN-JAE KIM, YUNG HYUN CHOI. Anti-inflammatory potential of saponins derived from cultured wild ginseng roots in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:1690-8. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Glushkova OV, Khrenov MO, Novoselova TV, Lunin SM, Parfenyuk SB, Alekseev SI, Fesenko EE, Novoselova EG. The role of the NF-κB, SAPK/JNK, and TLR4 signalling pathways in the responses of RAW 264.7 cells to extremely low-intensity microwaves. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:321-8. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.996261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Li N, Li Y, Duan X. Heat shock protein 72 confers protection in retinal ganglion cells and lateral geniculate nucleus neurons via blockade of the SAPK/JNK pathway in a chronic ocular-hypertensive rat model. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:1395-401. [PMID: 25221598 PMCID: PMC4160872 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.137595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Optic nerve transection increased the expression of heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) in the lateral geniculate body, indicating that this protein is involved in the prevention of neuronal injury. Zinc sulfate and quercetin induced and inhibited the expression of HSP72, respectively. Intraperitoneal injections of zinc sulfate, SP600125 (c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor), or quercetin were performed on retinal ganglion cells in a Wistar rat model of chronic ocular hypertension. Our results showed that compared with the control group, the expression of HSP72 in retinal ganglion cells and the lateral geniculate body was increased after the injection of zinc sulfate, but was decreased after the injection of quercetin. The expression of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinases and phosphorylated c-Jun were visible 3 days after injection in the control group, and reached a peak at 7 days. Zinc sulfate and SP600125 significantly decreased the expression of p-c-Jun, whereas quercetin significantly enhanced the expression of this protein. These results suggest that HSP72 protects retinal ganglion cells and lateral geniculate body in a rat model of chronic ocular hypertension from injury by blocking the activation of the stress-activated kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yuehua Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xuanchu Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Anti-inflammatory effects of IKK inhibitor XII, thymulin, and fat-soluble antioxidants in LPS-treated mice. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:724838. [PMID: 25045213 PMCID: PMC4089567 DOI: 10.1155/2014/724838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to compare the anti-inflammatory effects of several agents applied in vivo, namely, a synthetic inhibitor of the NF-κB cascade, fat-soluble antioxidants, and the thymic peptide thymulin. Cytokine response in LPS-treated mice was analysed in tandem with the following parameters: the synthesis of inducible forms of the heat shock proteins HSP72 and HSP90α; activity of the NF-κB and SAPK/JNK signalling pathways; and TLR4 expression. Inflammation-bearing Balb/c male mice were pretreated with an inhibitor of IKK-α/β kinases (IKK Inhibitor XII); with thymulin; with dietary coenzyme Q9, α-tocopherol, and β-carotene; or with combinations of the inhibitor and peptide or antioxidants. Comparable anti-inflammatory effects were observed in inflammation-bearing mice treated separately with thymulin or with dietary antioxidants administered daily for two weeks before LPS treatment. When LPS-injected mice were treated with the inhibitor and antioxidants together, neither plasma cytokines, signal proteins, nor heat shock proteins recovered more efficiently than when mice were treated with these agents separately. In contrast to antioxidant diet, the thymulin was shown to increase the effect of IKK Inhibitor XII in preventing IKK activation in LPS-treated mice.
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Li X, Jiang J, Shi S, Bligh SWA, Li Y, Jiang Y, Huang D, Ke Y, Wang S. A RG-II type polysaccharide purified from Aconitum coreanum alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by inhibiting the NF-κB signal pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99697. [PMID: 24927178 PMCID: PMC4057409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Korean mondshood root polysaccharides (KMPS) isolated from the root of Aconitum coreanum (Lévl.) Rapaics have shown anti-inflammatory activity, which is strongly influenced by their chemical structures and chain conformations. However, the mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effect by these polysaccharides have yet to be elucidated. A RG-II polysaccharide (KMPS-2E, Mw 84.8 kDa) was isolated from KMPS and its chemical structure was characterized by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. The backbone of KMPS-2E consisted of units of [→6) -β-D-Galp (1→3)-β-L-Rhap-(1→4)-β-D-GalpA-(1→3)-β-D-Galp-(1→] with the side chain →5)-β-D-Arap (1→3, 5)-β-D-Arap (1→ attached to the backbone through O-4 of (1→3,4)-L-Rhap. T-β-D-Galp is attached to the backbone through O-6 of (1→3,6)-β-D-Galp residues and T-β-D-Ara is connected to the end group of each chain. The anti-inflammatory effects of KMPS-2E and the underlying mechanisms using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and carrageenan-induced hind paw edema were investigated. KMPS-2E (50, 100 and 200 µg/mL) inhibits iNOS, TLR4, phospho-NF-κB-p65 expression, phosphor-IKK, phosphor-IκB-α expression as well as the degradation of IκB-α and the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS and IL-6) mediated by the NF-κB signal pathways in macrophages. KMPS-2E also inhibited LPS-induced activation of NF-κB as assayed by electrophorectic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in a dose-dependent manner and it reduced NF-κB DNA binding affinity by 62.1% at 200 µg/mL. In rats, KMPS-2E (200 mg/kg) can significantly inhibit carrageenan-induced paw edema as ibuprofen (200 mg/kg) within 3 h after a single oral dose. The results indicate that KMPS-2E is a promising herb-derived drug against acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Li
- Teaching Experimental Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaye Jiang
- Teaching Experimental Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Songshan Shi
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - S. W. Annie Bligh
- Department of Complementary Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, Westminster, United Kingdom
| | - Yuan Li
- Teaching Experimental Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongbo Jiang
- Teaching Experimental Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Teaching Experimental Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Ke
- Teaching Experimental Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunchun Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
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15
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Lu Y, Jeong YT, Li X, Kim MJ, Park PH, Hwang SL, Son JK, Chang HW. Emodin Isolated from Polygoni cuspidati Radix Inhibits TNF-α and IL-6 Release by Blockading NF-κB and MAP Kinase Pathways in Mast Cells Stimulated with PMA Plus A23187. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 21:435-41. [PMID: 24404333 PMCID: PMC3879914 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2013.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emodin, a naturally occurring anthraquinone derivative isolated from Polygoni cuspidati radix, has several beneficial pharmacologic effects, which include anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, the authors examined the effect of emodin on the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6, in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus the calcium ionophore A23187. To investigate the mechanism responsible for the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production by emodin, the authors assessed its effects on the activations of transcriptional factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Emodin attenuated the nuclear translocation of (NF)-κB p65 and its DNA-binding activity by reducing the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα and the phosphorylation of IκB kinase B (IKK). Furthermore, emodin dose-dependently attenuated the phosphorylations of MAPKs, such as, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38 MAP kinase, and the stress-activated protein kinases (SAPK)/c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK). Taken together, the findings of this study suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of emodin on PMA plus A23187-stimulated BMMCs are mediated via the inhibition of NF-κB activation and of the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China, College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea ; College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Tae Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Xian Li
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Lark Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Keun Son
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeun Wook Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
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16
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Ayissi Owona B, Njayou NF, Laufer S, Moundipa PF, Schluesener HJ. A fraction of stem bark extract of Entada africana suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 149:162-8. [PMID: 23796875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Entada africana is a plant used in African traditional medicine for the treatment of stomachache, fever, liver related diseases, wound healing, cataract and dysentery. AIMS OF THE STUDY This study aimed at evaluating the anti-inflammatory activity of fractions of the stem bark extract of the plant using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The crude extract was prepared using the mixture CH2Cl2/MeOH (1:1, v/v) and fractionated by flash chromatography using solvents of increasing polarity to obtain five different fractions. The effects of the fractions on the cells viability were studied by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and their inhibitory activity against LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production screened by Griess test. The most active fraction was further investigated for its effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production using flux cytometry, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL1β, TNFα, IL6, IL10 and IL13) by RT-PCR, and the activity of the enzyme p38 MAPK kinase by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The fractions presented no significant effect on the viability of macrophages at 100 μg/ml after 24h incubation. The CH2Cl2/MeOH 5% (Ea5) fraction was found to be the most potent in inhibiting NO production with a half inhibition concentration (IC50)=18.36 μg/ml, and showed the highest inhibition percentage (89.068%) in comparison with Baicalin (63.34%), an external standard at 50 μg/ml. Ea5, as well as Baicalin significantly (P<0.05) inhibited the expression of TNFα, IL6 and IL1β mRNA, attenuated mRNA expression of inducible NO synthase in a concentration-dependent manner, stimulated the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL10 and IL13), and showed a 30% inhibition of the activity of p38 MAPK kinase. CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicate that the fraction Ea5 of Entada africana possesses most potent in vitro anti-inflammatory activity and may contain compounds useful as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of inflammatory related diseases cause by over-activation of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Ayissi Owona
- Division of Immunopathology of Nervous System, Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Tübingen, Germany.
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