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Janssen JAMJL. The Impact of Westernization on the Insulin/IGF-I Signaling Pathway and the Metabolic Syndrome: It Is Time for Change. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054551. [PMID: 36901984 PMCID: PMC10003782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of overlapping conditions resulting in an increased incidence of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. In the last few decades, prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the Western world has reached epidemic proportions and this is likely due to alterations in diet and the environment as well as decreased physical activity. This review discusses how the Western diet and lifestyle (Westernization) has played an important etiological role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome and its consequences by exerting negative effects on activity of the insulin-insulin-like growth factor-I (insulin-IGF-I) system. It is further proposed that interventions that normalize/reduce activity of the insulin-IGF-I system may play a key role in the prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome. For successful prevention, limitation, and treatment of the metabolic syndrome, the focus should be primarily on changing our diets and lifestyle in accordance with our genetic make-up, formed in adaptation to Paleolithic diets and lifestyles during a period of several million years of human evolution. Translating this insight into clinical practice, however, requires not only individual changes in our food and lifestyle, starting in pediatric populations at a very young age, but also requires fundamental changes in our current health systems and food industry. Change is needed: primary prevention of the metabolic syndrome should be made a political priority. New strategies and policies should be developed to stimulate and implement behaviors encouraging the sustainable use of healthy diets and lifestyles to prevent the metabolic syndrome before it develops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A M J L Janssen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Fraenkel E, Lazurova I. IGF-1 and IGFBP3 as indirect markers of hepatic insulin resistance and their relation to metabolic syndrome parameters in liver steatosis patients. Endocr Regul 2023; 57:69-79. [PMID: 37183691 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2023-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. The aim of the present study was to assess insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) as markers of insulin resistance in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (TDM2). Patients and Methods. This observational clinical study included 76 obese/overweight patients at the age of 45-75 years with T2DM on oral diabetic medication and ultrasonographically or by a computerized tomography (CT) diagnosed liver steatosis. Correlation analysis was performed between plasma levels of insulin, C-peptide, IGF-1, IGFBP3 and HOMA indexes on the one hand and between plasma levels of ALT, AST, triglyceride, cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol and body mass index (BMI) of patients on the other hand. In case of significant partial correlation coefficients, a multiple linear regression model with IGF-1 and IGFBP3 used as outcome variables adjusted for age and sex groups was calculated. According to these regression models, ROC curves were prepared with HOMA index=3 used as a classificator of insulin resistance. Results. Significant correlation was found between C-peptide and IGF-1 (r=0.24, p≤0.05), C-peptide and IGFBP3 (r=0.24, p≤0.05), IGFBP3 and cholesterol (r=0.22, p≤0.05) IGFBP3 and ALT (r=0.19, p≤0.05), HOMA index and triglycerides (r=0.22, p≤0.05), and HOMA index and ALT (r=0.23, p≤0.05). Significant correlation adjusted for age and gender was found between C-peptide and IGF-1 plasma levels (R2=0.20, p<0.05) with AUROC 0.685 (p≤0.01) and C-peptide and IGFBP3 plasma levels (R2=0.28, p<0.05) with AUROC 0.684 (p≤0.01). Significant correlation adjusted for age and gender was found between triglyceride and IGFBP3 plasma levels (R2=0.28, p<0.05) with AUROC 0.616 (p≤0.01). After the distribution of patients according to their IGFBP3 levels, we found a difference between the 1st and the 4th quartiles in terms of triglyceride levels. Conclusion. Our results demonstrate a fundamental role of IGF-1 and IGFBP3 in the patho-physiology of hepatic insulin resistance and suggest them as indirect indicators of the hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Fraenkel
- 11st Department of Internal Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Ivica Lazurova
- 11st Department of Internal Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
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Cheng Y, Yang R, Zhou Y, Wang J, Zhang T, Wang S, Li H, Jiang W, Zhang X. HBP1 inhibits the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus through transcriptional activation of the IGFBP1 gene. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:8763-8782. [DOI: 10.18632/aging.204364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Ruixiang Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Jiyin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Tongjia Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Shujie Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
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Bhangoo A, Gupta R, Shelov SP, Carey DE, Accacha S, Fennoy I, Altshuler L, Lowell B, Rapaport R, Rosenfeld W, Speiser PW, Ten S, Rosenbaum M. Fasting Serum IGFBP-1 as a Marker of Insulin Resistance in Diverse School Age Groups. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:840361. [PMID: 35586622 PMCID: PMC9108162 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.840361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The known markers of insulin resistance in obese children are well studied. However, they require serial measurements and complicated calculations. The objective is to study IGFBP-1 and its relation with other known risk measures. Materials and Methods The study included 98 New York City school students of diverse ethnic/racial backgrounds (57 males and 41 females), 11-15 years of age. Subjects were enrolled in a cross-sectional study, and anthropometric measures were collected. They underwent fasting intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT), and glucose, insulin, lipids, IGFBP-1, adiponectin and inflammatory markers were collected. Results The subjects were stratified into 3 groups based upon the BMI Z-score. Out of all the subjects, 65.3% were in the group with a BMI Z-score <1 SDS, 16.3% subjects were in the group with a BMI Z-score of 1 to 2 SDS, and 18.4% of the subjects were in the group with a BMI Z-score of more than 2 SDS. The group with a BMI Z-score of more than 2 SDS had increased waist circumference (WC), body fat, increased fasting insulin, and triglycerides (TG). This group had decreased levels of adiponectin and HDL and low IGFBP-1 as compared to the group with BMI <1 SDS. The group with a BMI Z-score of 1 to 2 SDS had a decreased level of IGFBP-1 as compared to the group with a BMI Z-score less than 1 SDS. IGFBP-1 inversely correlated with age, WC, BMI, body fat, TG, and insulin levels. IGFBP-1 positively correlated with adiponectin and HDL levels. Conclusion IGFBP-1 in children can identify the presence of insulin resistance in the group with BMI 1 to 2 SDS, even before the known markers of insulin resistance such as elevated triglycerides and even before decreased HDL and adiponectin levels are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrit Bhangoo
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, United States
| | - Rishi Gupta
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Steve P. Shelov
- Department of Pediatrics, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Dennis E. Carey
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Northwell Health, Lake Success, NY, United States
| | - Siham Accacha
- Department of Pediatrics, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Ilene Fennoy
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, New York Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lisa Altshuler
- Program for Medical Education Innovations & Research (PrMeir), New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Barbara Lowell
- Laboratory of Diabetes, Obesity and Other Metabolic Disorders, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Robert Rapaport
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes at Mount Sinai Kravis Children’s Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Warren Rosenfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Phyllis W. Speiser
- Cohen Children’s Medical Center of NY and Zucker School of Medicine, New Hyde Park, NY, United States
| | - Svetlana Ten
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Richmond University Medical Center, Staten Island, NY, United States
| | - Michael Rosenbaum
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Genetics, New York Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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Pan J, Cen L, Zhou T, Yu M, Chen X, Jiang W, Li Y, Yu C, Shen Z. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 ameliorates lipid accumulation and inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:3438-3447. [PMID: 34273192 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) is recently proved to be associated with glucose regulation and insulin resistance. However, little is known about its direct impact on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aims to investigate the effect and potential mechanism of IGFBP1 in NAFLD. METHODS We first measured the expression level of IGFBP1 in NAFLD patients, mice, and cells. Then in in vivo study, C57BL/6 mice were fed with a methionine/choline-deficient (MCD) diet for 4 weeks to establish the model of NAFLD. And for the last 2 weeks, the mice were injected intraperitoneally with vehicle or recombinant mouse IGFBP1 0.015 mg/kg/d. The L02 cells were treated with free fatty acids (FFA) or palmitate acids (PA) and recombinant IGFBP1 for 48 h. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) inhibitor and small interfering RNA were used to explore the potential interactions between IGFBP1 and integrin β1 (ITGB1). RESULTS The expression of IGFBP1 was increased in NAFLD patients, mice, and cells. IGFBP1 treatment significantly ameliorated lipid accumulation and hepatic injury in MCD-fed mice. IGFBP1 downregulated hepatic lipogenesis and upregulated lipid β-oxidation. In addition, IGFBP1 attenuated the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signaling pathways. In vitro, we proved that IGFBP1 relieved FFA-induced lipid accumulation via interacting with ITGB1 and alleviated inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB and ERK signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS IGFBP1 treatment significantly ameliorated hepatic steatosis by interacting with ITGB1 and suppressed inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB and ERK signaling pathways. Therefore, IGFBP1 might be a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Cen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengli Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueyang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxi Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaohui Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Morral N, Liu S, Conteh AM, Chu X, Wang Y, Dong XC, Liu Y, Linnemann AK, Wan J. Aberrant gene expression induced by a high fat diet is linked to H3K9 acetylation in the promoter-proximal region. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2021; 1864:194691. [PMID: 33556624 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2021.194691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, with an estimated global prevalence of 1 in 4 individuals. Aberrant transcriptional control of gene expression is central to the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to gene dysregulation are not well understood. Histone modifications play important roles in the control of transcription. Acetylation of histone 3 at lysine 9 (H3K9ac) is associated with transcriptional activity and is implicated in transcript elongation by controlling RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) pause-release. Hence, changes in this histone modification may shed information on novel pathways linking transcription control and metabolic dysfunction. Here, we carried out genome-wide analysis of H3K9ac in the liver of mice fed a control or a high-fat diet (an animal model of NAFLD), and asked whether this histone mark associates with changes in gene expression. We found that over 70% of RNAPII peaks in promoter-proximal regions overlapped with H3K9ac, consistent with a role of H3K9ac in the regulation of transcription. When comparing high-fat with control diet, approximately 17% of the differentially expressed genes were associated with changes in H3K9ac in their promoters, showing a strong correlation between changes in H3K9ac signal and gene expression. Overall, our data indicate that in response to a high-fat diet, dysregulated gene expression of a subset of genes may be attributable to changes in transcription elongation driven by H3K9ac. Our results point at an added mechanism of gene regulation that may be important in the development of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Morral
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America.
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Abass M Conteh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Xiaona Chu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - X Charlie Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Amelia K Linnemann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
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7
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Palla G, Ramírez-Morán C, Montt-Guevara MM, Salazar-Pousada D, Shortrede J, Simoncini T, Grijalva-Grijalva I, Pérez-López FR, Chedraui P. Perimenopause, body fat, metabolism and menopausal symptoms in relation to serum markers of adiposity, inflammation and digestive metabolism. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:809-820. [PMID: 31925754 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perimenopausal women gain weight that may alter inflammatory status, endocrine equilibrium, and the intensity of vasomotor symptoms. OBJECTIVE To measure serum levels of markers related to adiposity, inflammation/angiogenesis and digestive metabolism and correlate them with body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), metabolic parameters and menopausal symptoms (assessed with the 10-item Cervantes Scale [CS-10]). METHODS Serum of perimenopausal women (n = 24), STRAW stages-2 and -1, was analyzed using the Bio-Plex 200 System technology to assess 30 proposed analytes. The MetS was defined by the American Heart Association criteria and women were divided as: normal BMI (NBMI), excessive BMI (EBMI), and EBMI with MetS (EBMI-MetS). RESULTS Weight, BMI, abdominal circumference, WHR, systolic blood pressure, glucose and triglyceride levels were significantly higher and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was lower in EBMI-MetS women compared to NBMI ones. Insulin, C-peptide, resistin, adipsin, GIP, leptin, IL-6, FGF21 and PAI-1 levels were significantly higher and ghrelin and IGFBP-1 lower in EBMI-MetS women as compared to NBMI ones. Spearman's correlation of pooled data showed a significant positive correlation between abdominal perimeter and WHR and C-peptide, insulin, adipsin, resistin, leptin, PAI-1 and FGF21 and a negative correlation with IGFBP-1 levels. Total CS-10 scores and hot flush intensity did not differ between studied groups, yet positively correlated with anthropometric values but not with studied analytes. CONCLUSION Perimenopausal women with EBMI and the MetS showed an altered metabolic profile, but no differences in menopausal symptoms which also did not correlate with changes in studied biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Palla
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Ramírez-Morán
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud Integral, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - M M Montt-Guevara
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - D Salazar-Pousada
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud Integral, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - J Shortrede
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - T Simoncini
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - I Grijalva-Grijalva
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud Integral, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - F R Pérez-López
- Red de Investigación de Obstetricia, Ginecología y Reproducción, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Aragón, University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Medicine, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - P Chedraui
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud Integral, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica "Nuestra Señora de la Asunción", Asunción, Paraguay.
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Vera S, Figueroa T, Aranzález LH, Mockus I. Marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular en niños menores de 10 años y su relación con niveles séricos de IGF-1, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2 e IGFBP-3. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA 2020. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v68n1.69979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción. Los desequilibrios nutricionales en la infancia afectan la salud tanto en la niñez como en la adultez. Estudios previos demuestran la asociación de marcadores endocrinos y lipídicos con riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) desde edades tempranas.Objetivo. Establecer la relación entre estado nutricional (niveles séricos de IGF-1 y sus proteínas enlazantes IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2 e IGFBP-3) y marcadores de RCV en estudiantes de 7 a 9 años.Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional comparativo transversal realizado en 84 niños de 2 colegios de Bogotá D.C. y Soacha, Colombia, para identificar la relación entre posibles variaciones de marcadores de RCV y estado nutricional. Se midieron los niveles de glucemia y niveles séricos de IGF-1 e IGFBP, el nivel de desarrollo sexual, el perfil lipídico y los valores antropométricos. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizaron el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, un análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y las pruebas de Kruskal Wallis, Games-Howell y Dunnett. El intervalo de confianza fue del 95% y la significancia estadística, de p<0.05.Resultados. La reducción en los niveles de IGFB-1 e IGFBP-2 fue directamente proporcional al aumento de peso. Por otra parte, se observó una correlación inversa entre ambas proteínas y concentraciones de triglicéridos, y una directa con los niveles colesterol HDL.Conclusiones. Las alteraciones de marcadores de RCV se pueden identificar en la infancia. Si estas son detectadas a tiempo es posible adoptar medidas preventivas y terapéuticas como la promoción de políticas públicas dirigidas prevenir el sobrepeso infantil, lo que a su vez reducirá el riesgo de padecer enfermedades cardiovasculares en edades adultas.
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Clemmons DR. Role of IGF-binding proteins in regulating IGF responses to changes in metabolism. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:T139-T169. [PMID: 29563157 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The IGF-binding protein family contains six members that share significant structural homology. Their principal function is to regulate the actions of IGF1 and IGF2. These proteins are present in plasma and extracellular fluids and regulate access of both IGF1 and II to the type I IGF receptor. Additionally, they have functions that are independent of their ability to bind IGFs. Each protein is regulated independently of IGF1 and IGF2, and this provides an important mechanism by which other hormones and physiologic variables can regulate IGF actions indirectly. Several members of the family are sensitive to changes in intermediary metabolism. Specifically the presence of obesity/insulin resistance can significantly alter the expression of these proteins. Similarly changes in nutrition or catabolism can alter their synthesis and degradation. Multiple hormones such as glucocorticoids, androgens, estrogen and insulin regulate IGFBP synthesis and bioavailability. In addition to their ability to regulate IGF access to receptors these proteins can bind to distinct cell surface proteins or proteins in extracellular matrix and several cellular functions are influenced by these interactions. IGFBPs can be transported intracellularly and interact with nuclear proteins to alter cellular physiology. In pathophysiologic states, there is significant dysregulation between the changes in IGFBP synthesis and bioavailability and changes in IGF1 and IGF2. These discordant changes can lead to marked alterations in IGF action. Although binding protein physiology and pathophysiology are complex, experimental results have provided an important avenue for understanding how IGF actions are regulated in a variety of physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Clemmons
- Department of MedicineUNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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10
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Yau SW, Harcourt BE, Kao KT, Alexander EJ, Russo VC, Werther GA, Sabin MA. Serum IGFBP-2 levels are associated with reduced insulin sensitivity in obese children. Clin Obes 2018; 8:184-190. [PMID: 29493116 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) may represent a critical link between body composition and insulin sensitivity. We investigated the relationship between circulating IGFBP-2 levels, body composition, insulin sensitivity, energy intake and physical activity in children with obesity. Children were recruited via the Weight Management Service at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, as part of the Childhood Overweight BioRepository of Australia (COBRA). Comprehensive anthropometric, biochemical and environmental data were collected and compared to serum IGFBP-2 levels (measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Multiple regression modelling was used to assess the influence of circulating IGFBP-2 levels on anthropometric and biochemical measures. One hundred and ninety-four children were included in this study (46% male). Circulating IGFBP-2 negatively correlated with age, anthropometric measures, blood pressure and insulin concentration. Positive associations were observed between insulin sensitivity index-homeostasis model assessment (ISI-HOMA) and serum IGFBP-2. In multiple regression modelling, IGFBP-2 significantly contributes to variance in systolic blood pressure (-19%, P < 0.05), circulating triglycerides (-16%, P < 0.05) and ISI-HOMA (18%, P < 0.05). No associations were observed between dietary energy intake or physical activity and IGFBP-2 levels. Circulating IGFBP-2 levels in children with obesity correlate inversely with body mass and markers of metabolic dysfunction, and positively with insulin sensitivity. These findings suggest that reduced levels of IGFBP-2 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity complications in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Yau
- Obesity Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - B E Harcourt
- Obesity Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - K-T Kao
- Obesity Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - E J Alexander
- Obesity Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - V C Russo
- Obesity Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - G A Werther
- Obesity Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M A Sabin
- Obesity Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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11
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Katz LEL, Gralewski KA, Abrams P, Brar PC, Gallagher PR, Lipman TH, Brooks LJ, Koren D. Insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 are related to cardiovascular disease biomarkers in obese adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes 2016; 17:77-86. [PMID: 25491378 PMCID: PMC4608856 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-1 have been linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and pathophysiology in adults, but there are limited data in youth. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between IGF and IGFBP-1 with traditional and non-traditional CVD risk factors including inflammatory markers and body composition in an obese pediatric cohort. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING The study was carried out at a university children's hospital. SUBJECTS Sixty-one obese non-diabetic adolescents. OUTCOMES Fasting IGF-I, IGFBP-1, lipoprotein profiles, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and total adiponectin as well as insulin sensitivity measures, blood pressure (BP), and anthropometrics. RESULTS IGFBP-1 was negatively associated with insulin sensitivity measures, body mass index (BMI), and diastolic BP in males. IGF-I was negatively associated with hsCRP (r = -0.479, p < 0.0005), and IGFBP-1 was positively associated with adiponectin (r = 0.545, p < 0.0005). The IGF-I/CRP and IGFBP-1/adiponectin associations remained significant when controlling for both BMI and insulin sensitivity index (SI ). Both IGF-I and IGFBP-1 were negatively associated with waist circumference (r = -0.327 and r = -0.275, respectively) and sagittal abdominal diameter (r = -0.333 and r = -0.371, respectively), while IGFBP-1 was negatively associated with fat mass (r = -0.347, p = 0.01) as well as neck circumference and fat-free mass in males. Controlling for BMI z-score and SI , IGFBP-1 remained negatively associated with diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.706, p = 0.001 and neck circumference (r = -0.548, p = 0.15) in males. CONCLUSIONS IGF-I and IGFBP-1 associate with CVD risk markers and may add to clinical assessments of cardiometabolic dysfunction in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine E Levitt Katz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kevin A Gralewski
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pamela Abrams
- St. Luke's University Health Network, Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Allentown, PA, USA
| | - Preneet C Brar
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul R Gallagher
- Biostatistics Core, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Clinical and Translation Research Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Terri H Lipman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lee J Brooks
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology of and Sleep Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dorit Koren
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Section of Adult and Pediatric Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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12
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Aguirre GA, De Ita JR, de la Garza RG, Castilla-Cortazar I. Insulin-like growth factor-1 deficiency and metabolic syndrome. J Transl Med 2016; 14:3. [PMID: 26733412 PMCID: PMC4702316 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0762-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Consistent evidence associates IGF-1 deficiency and metabolic syndrome. In this review, we will focus on the metabolic effects of IGF-1, the concept of metabolic syndrome and its clinical manifestations (impaired lipid profile, insulin resistance, increased glucose levels, obesity, and cardiovascular disease), discussing whether IGF-1 replacement therapy could be a beneficial strategy for these patients. The search plan was made in Medline for Pubmed with the following mesh terms: IGF-1 and "metabolism, carbohydrate, lipids, proteins, amino acids, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, diabetes" between the years 1963-2015. The search includes animal and human protocols. In this review we discuss the relevant actions of IGF-1 on metabolism and the implication of IGF-1 deficiency in the establishment of metabolic syndrome. Multiple studies (in vitro and in vivo) demonstrate the association between IGF-1 deficit and deregulated lipid metabolism, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and an altered metabolic profile of diabetic patients. Based on the available data we propose IGF-1 as a key hormone in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome; due to its implications in the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. Previous data demonstrates how IGF-1 can be an effective option in the treatment of this worldwide increasing condition. It has to distinguished that the replacement therapy should be only undertaken to restore the physiological levels, never to exceed physiological ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Aguirre
- Escuela de Medicina, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Avenida Morones Prieto No. 3000 Pte. Col. Los Doctores, 64710, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - J Rodríguez De Ita
- Escuela de Medicina, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Avenida Morones Prieto No. 3000 Pte. Col. Los Doctores, 64710, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - R G de la Garza
- Escuela de Medicina, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Avenida Morones Prieto No. 3000 Pte. Col. Los Doctores, 64710, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - I Castilla-Cortazar
- Escuela de Medicina, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Avenida Morones Prieto No. 3000 Pte. Col. Los Doctores, 64710, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
- Fundación de Investigación HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Transcriptomic analysis of human placenta in intrauterine growth restriction. Pediatr Res 2015; 77:799-807. [PMID: 25734244 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a frequent complication of pregnancy defined as a restriction of fetal growth. The objective of this work was to improve the knowledge on the pathophysiology of IUGR using a genome-wide method of expression analysis. METHODS We analyzed differentially expressed genes in pooled placental tissues from vascular IUGR (four pools of three placentas) and normal pregnancies (four pools of three placentas) using a long nucleotide microarray platform (Nimblegen). We first did a global bioinformatics analysis based only on P value without any a priori. We secondly focused on "target" genes among the most modified ones. Finally, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed on an extended panel of tissue samples (n = 62) on selected "target". RESULTS We identified 636 modified genes among which 206 were upregulated (1.5 and higher; P < 0.05). Groups of patients were classified unambiguously. Genes involved in mitochondrial function and oxidative phosphorylation were decreased affecting three out of five complexes of the respiratory chain of the mitochondria, and thus energy production and metabolism. Among the most induced genes, we identified LEP, IGFBP1, and RBP4. CONCLUSION Complementary studies on the role and function of LEP, IGFBP1, and RBP4 in IUGR pathophysiology and also in fetal programming remain necessary.
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Lewitt MS, Dent MS, Hall K. The Insulin-Like Growth Factor System in Obesity, Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Med 2014; 3:1561-74. [PMID: 26237614 PMCID: PMC4470198 DOI: 10.3390/jcm3041561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system, acting in concert with other hormone axes, is important in normal metabolism. In obesity, the hyperinsulinaemia that accompanies peripheral insulin resistance leads to reduced growth hormone (GH) secretion, while total IGF-I levels are relatively unchanged due to increased hepatic GH sensitivity. IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-1 levels are suppressed in relation to the increase in insulin levels in obesity and low levels predict the development of type 2 diabetes several years later. Visceral adiposity and hepatic steatosis, along with a chronic inflammation, contribute to the IGF system phenotype in individuals with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus, including changes in the normal inverse relationship between IGFBP-1 and insulin, with IGFBP-1 concentrations that are inappropriately normal or elevated. The IGF system is implicated in the vascular and other complications of these disorders and is therefore a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira S Lewitt
- School of Health Nursing & Midwifery, the University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK.
| | - Mairi S Dent
- School of Health Nursing & Midwifery, the University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK.
| | - Kerstin Hall
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE171 76, Sweden.
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15
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Messmer-Blust AF, Philbrick MJ, Guo S, Wu J, He P, Guo S, Li J. RTEF-1 attenuates blood glucose levels by regulating insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 in the endothelium. Circ Res 2012; 111:991-1001. [PMID: 22843786 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.268110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Related transcriptional enhancer factor-1 (RTEF-1) plays an important role in endothelial cell function by regulating angiogenesis; however, the mechanism underlying the role of RTEF-1 in the endothelium in vivo is not well defined. OBJECTIVE We investigated the biological functions of RTEF-1 by disrupting the gene that encodes it in mice endothelium -specific RTEF-1-deficient transgenic mice (RTEF-1(-/-)). METHODS AND RESULTS RTEF-1(-/-) mice showed significantly increased blood glucose levels and insulin resistance, accompanied by decreased levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) mRNA in the endothelium and decreased serum IGFBP-1 levels. Additionally, the RTEF-1(-/-) phenotype was exacerbated when the mice were fed a high-fat diet, which correlated with decreased IGFBP-1 levels. In contrast, vascular endothelial cadherin/RTEF-1-overexpressing(1) transgenic mice (VE-Cad/RTEF1) demonstrated improved glucose clearance and insulin sensitivity in response to a high-fat diet. Furthermore, we demonstrated that RTEF-1 upregulates IGFBP-1 through selective binding and promotion of transcription from the insulin response element site. Insulin prevented RTEF-1 expression and significantly inhibited IGFBP-1 transcription in endothelial cells in a dose-dependent fashion. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that RTEF-1 stimulates promoter activity through an insulin response element and also mediates the effects of insulin on gene expression. These results show that RTEF-1-stimulated IGFBP-1 expression may be central to the mechanism by which RTEF-1 attenuates blood glucose levels. These findings provide the basis for novel insights into the transcriptional regulation of IGFBP-1 and contribute to our understanding of the role of vascular endothelial cells in metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela F Messmer-Blust
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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16
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Clemmons DR. Metabolic actions of insulin-like growth factor-I in normal physiology and diabetes. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2012; 41:425-43, vii-viii. [PMID: 22682639 PMCID: PMC3374394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is closely related to insulin but has distinct metabolic actions. IGF-I is an important stimulant of protein synthesis in muscle, but it also stimulates free fatty acid use. The administration of IGF-I to patients with extreme insulin resistance results in improvement in glycemic control, and IGF-I is associated with lowering glucose and enhancing insulin sensitivity in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. However, patients with diabetes are also sensitive to stimulation of side effects in response to IGF-I. IGF-I coordinately links growth hormone and insulin actions and has direct effects on intermediary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Clemmons
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7170, USA.
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17
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Krogager TP, Nielsen LV, Bak S, Young C, Ferreri C, Jensen ON, Højrup P, Thoma V, Thøgersen IB, Enghild JJ. Identification of a potential biomarker panel for the intake of the common dietary trans fat elaidic acid (trans∆9-C18:1). J Proteomics 2012; 75:2685-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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18
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Wang Z, Olumi AF. Diabetes, growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor pathways and association to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Differentiation 2011; 82:261-71. [PMID: 21536370 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes significantly increases the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and low urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The major endocrine aberration in connection with the metabolic syndrome is hyperinsulinemia. Insulin is an independent risk factor and a promoter of BPH. Insulin resistance may change the risk of BPH through several biological pathways. Hyperinsulinemia stimulates the liver to produce more insulin-like growth factor (IGF), another mitogen and an anti-apoptotic agent which binds insulin receptor/IGF receptor and stimulates prostate growth. The levels of IGFs and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) in prostate tissue and in blood are associated with BPH risk, with the regulation of circulating androgen and growth hormone. Stromal-epithelial interactions play a critical role in the development and growth of the prostate gland and BPH. Previously, we have shown that the expression of c-Jun in the fibroblastic stroma can promote secretion of IGF-I, which stimulates prostate epithelial cell proliferation through activating specific target genes. Here, we will review the epidemiologic, clinical, and molecular findings which have evaluated the relation between diabetes and development of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongwei Wang
- Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Yawkey Building 7E, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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