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Dasatinib-Loaded Topical Nano-Emulgel for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Formulation Design and Optimization by QbD, In Vitro, Ex Vivo, and In Vivo Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030736. [PMID: 36986597 PMCID: PMC10052882 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to develop a topical emulgel of dasatinib (DTB) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment to reduce systemic side effects. The quality by design (QbD) approach was employed to optimize DTB-loaded nano-emulgel using a central composite design (CCD). Emulgel was prepared using the hot emulsification method, and then the particle size (PS) was reduced using the homogenization technique. The PS and % entrapment efficiency (% EE) were found to be 172.53 ± 3.33 nm (0.160 ± 0.014 PDI) and 95.11 ± 0.16%, respectively. The nano-emulsion (CF018 emulsion) in vitro drug release profile showed sustained release (SR) up to 24 h. MTT assay results from an in vitro cell line study revealed that formulation excipients had no effect, whereas emulgel showed a high degree of internalization. Furthermore, emulgel treatment significantly reduced LPS-induced TNF-α production in RAW 264.7 cells. The spherical shape was depicted in FESEM images of optimized nano-emulgel (CF018 emulgel) formulation. Ex vivo skin permeation was significantly increased when compared to the free drug-loaded gel (FDG). In vivo data revealed that the optimized CF018 emulgel is a non-irritant and is safe. In terms of paw swelling, the FCA-induced arthritis model demonstrated that the CF018 emulgel reduced paw swelling percentage compared to adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) control group. Following clinical testing in the near future, the designed preparation could be a viable alternative treatment for RA.
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Ntari L, Nikolaou C, Kranidioti K, Papadopoulou D, Christodoulou-Vafeiadou E, Chouvardas P, Meier F, Geka C, Denis MC, Karagianni N, Kollias G. Combination of subtherapeutic anti-TNF dose with dasatinib restores clinical and molecular arthritogenic profiles better than standard anti-TNF treatment. J Transl Med 2021; 19:165. [PMID: 33892739 PMCID: PMC8063445 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New medications for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) have emerged in the last decades, including Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) and biologics. However, there is no known cure, since a significant proportion of patients remain or become non-responders to current therapies. The development of new mode-of-action treatment schemes involving combination therapies could prove successful for the treatment of a greater number of RA patients. METHODS We investigated the effect of the Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors (TKIs) dasatinib and bosutinib, on the human TNF-dependent Tg197 arthritis mouse model. The inhibitors were administered either as a monotherapy or in combination with a subtherapeutic dose of anti-hTNF biologics and their therapeutic effect was assessed clinically, histopathologically as well as via gene expression analysis and was compared to that of an efficient TNF monotherapy. RESULTS Dasatinib and, to a lesser extent, bosutinib inhibited the production of TNF and proinflammatory chemokines from arthritogenic synovial fibroblasts. Dasatinib, but not bosutinib, also ameliorated significantly and in a dose-dependent manner both the clinical and histopathological signs of Tg197 arthritis. Combination of dasatinib with a subtherapeutic dose of anti-hTNF biologic agents, resulted in a synergistic inhibitory effect abolishing all arthritis symptoms. Gene expression analysis of whole joint tissue of Tg197 mice revealed that the combination of dasatinib with a low subtherapeutic dose of Infliximab most efficiently restores the pathogenic gene expression profile to that of the healthy state compared to either treatment administered as a monotherapy. CONCLUSION Our findings show that dasatinib exhibits a therapeutic effect in TNF-driven arthritis and can act in synergy with a subtherapeutic anti-hTNF dose to effectively treat the clinical and histopathological signs of the pathology. The combination of dasatinib and anti-hTNF exhibits a distinct mode of action in restoring the arthritogenic gene signature to that of a healthy profile. Potential clinical applications of combination therapies with kinase inhibitors and anti-TNF agents may provide an interesting alternative to high-dose anti-hTNF monotherapy and increase the number of patients responding to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoforos Nikolaou
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center (BSRC), Alexander Fleming, 34 Alexander Fleming Street, 16672, Vari, Greece
| | | | - Dimitra Papadopoulou
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center (BSRC), Alexander Fleming, 34 Alexander Fleming Street, 16672, Vari, Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis Chouvardas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Meier
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | | | - George Kollias
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center (BSRC), Alexander Fleming, 34 Alexander Fleming Street, 16672, Vari, Greece.
- Department of Physiology and Joint Rheumatology Program, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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3
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The M-CSF receptor in osteoclasts and beyond. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1239-1254. [PMID: 32801364 PMCID: PMC8080670 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0484-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R, also known as c-FMS) is a receptor tyrosine kinase. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and IL-34 are ligands of CSF1R. CSF1R-mediated signaling is crucial for the survival, function, proliferation, and differentiation of myeloid lineage cells, including osteoclasts, monocytes/macrophages, microglia, Langerhans cells in the skin, and Paneth cells in the intestine. CSF1R also plays an important role in oocytes and trophoblastic cells in the female reproductive tract and in the maintenance and maturation of neural progenitor cells. Given that CSF1R is expressed in a wide range of myeloid cells, altered CSF1R signaling is implicated in inflammatory, neoplastic, and neurodegenerative diseases. Inhibiting CSF1R signaling through an inhibitory anti-CSF1R antibody or small molecule inhibitors that target the kinase activity of CSF1R has thus been a promising therapeutic strategy for those diseases. In this review, we cover the recent progress in our understanding of the various roles of CSF1R in osteoclasts and other myeloid cells, highlighting the therapeutic applications of CSF1R inhibitors in disease conditions. Drugs directed at a key signaling receptor involved in breaking down bone tissue could help treat diseases marked by pathological bone loss and destruction. In a review article, Kyung-Hyun Park-Min and colleagues from the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York, USA, discuss the essential roles played by the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) protein in the survival, function, proliferation and differentiation of myeloid lineage stem cells in the bone marrow, including bone-resorbing osteoclasts. They explore the links between the CSF1R-mediated signaling pathway and diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration. The authors largely focus on bone conditions, highlighting mouse studies in which CSF1R-blocking drugs were shown to ameliorate bone loss and inflammatory symptoms in models of arthritis, osteoporosis and metastatic cancer. Clinical trials are ongoing to test therapeutic applications.
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4
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Wang Q, Lepus CM, Raghu H, Reber LL, Tsai MM, Wong HH, von Kaeppler E, Lingampalli N, Bloom MS, Hu N, Elliott EE, Oliviero F, Punzi L, Giori NJ, Goodman SB, Chu CR, Sokolove J, Fukuoka Y, Schwartz LB, Galli SJ, Robinson WH. IgE-mediated mast cell activation promotes inflammation and cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis. eLife 2019; 8:39905. [PMID: 31084709 PMCID: PMC6516833 DOI: 10.7554/elife.39905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is characterized by articular cartilage breakdown, and emerging evidence suggests that dysregulated innate immunity is likely involved. Here, we performed proteomic, transcriptomic, and electron microscopic analyses to demonstrate that mast cells are aberrantly activated in human and murine osteoarthritic joint tissues. Using genetic models of mast cell deficiency, we demonstrate that lack of mast cells attenuates osteoarthritis in mice. Using genetic and pharmacologic approaches, we show that the IgE/FcεRI/Syk signaling axis is critical for the development of osteoarthritis. We find that mast cell-derived tryptase induces inflammation, chondrocyte apoptosis, and cartilage breakdown. Our findings demonstrate a central role for IgE-dependent mast cell activation in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, suggesting that targeting mast cells could provide therapeutic benefit in human osteoarthritis. Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- GRECC, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, United States.,Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Christin M Lepus
- GRECC, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, United States.,Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Harini Raghu
- GRECC, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, United States.,Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Laurent L Reber
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Mindy M Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Heidi H Wong
- GRECC, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, United States.,Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Ericka von Kaeppler
- GRECC, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, United States.,Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Nithya Lingampalli
- GRECC, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, United States.,Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Michelle S Bloom
- GRECC, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, United States.,Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Nick Hu
- GRECC, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, United States.,Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Eileen E Elliott
- GRECC, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, United States.,Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Francesca Oliviero
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Punzi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicholas J Giori
- GRECC, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, United States.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Constance R Chu
- GRECC, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, United States.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Jeremy Sokolove
- GRECC, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, United States.,Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Yoshihiro Fukuoka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, United States
| | - Lawrence B Schwartz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, United States
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - William H Robinson
- GRECC, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, United States.,Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
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5
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Hu X, Tang J, Hu X, Bao P, Pan J, Ou Y, Deng W, Liang Y. Imatinib inhibits CSF1R that stimulates proliferation of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 195:237-250. [PMID: 30281780 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of imatinib on the proliferation of rheumatoid arthritis synovial cell (RA-FLS) and inflammatory responses by regulating CSF1R. Differential genes were screened via microarray analysis, followed by being analysed through the weighted co-expression network (WGCNA) network, that included module and cluster analysis. The relationship between imatinib and genes was visualized using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STITCH) database. Expressions of mRNA and protein were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot, respectively. Cell viability was examined via clone formation assay, while cell cycle and apoptosis were analysed through flow cytometry analysis. The hub gene CSF1R was ultimately determined by microarray analysis and WGCNA analysis. Colony-stimulating-factor receptor-1 (SF1R) was highly expressed in rheumatoid arthritis tissues and cells, and CSF1R over-expression could promote inflammatory responses. Moreover, CSF1R could promote RA-FLS proliferation, inhibit apoptosis and accelerate the cell cycle. The targeting relationship between imatinib and CSF1R was also validated in this study. Imatinib attenuated RA-FLS inflammation in a concentration-dependent manner. Meanwhile, imatinib could inhibit RA-FLS proliferation and promote apoptosis, ultimately reducing the damage of RA-FLS. Over-expression of CSF1R accelerated the cell cycle and proliferation of RA-FLS, while inhibiting cell apoptosis. Conversely, imatinib could significantly restrain the cell cycle and viability of RA-FLS and accelerated apoptosis via suppression of CSF1R expression. Further, histological and serological assay investigated and proved the proinflammatory effects of CSF1R in RA rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - J Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X Hu
- Center for Medical Genetics, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - P Bao
- Department of Medical, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - J Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Y Ou
- Department of Trauma and Joint Surgery, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - W Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Y Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
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6
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Elshabrawy HA, Chen Z, Volin MV, Ravella S, Virupannavar S, Shahrara S. The pathogenic role of angiogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis. Angiogenesis 2015; 18:433-48. [PMID: 26198292 PMCID: PMC4879881 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-015-9477-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the formation of new capillaries from pre-existing vasculature, which plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthropathies, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and atherosclerosis. In RA, excessive migration of circulating leukocytes into the inflamed joint necessitates formation of new blood vessels to provide nutrients and oxygen to the hypertrophic joint. The dominance of the pro-angiogenic factors over the endogenous angiostatic mediators triggers angiogenesis. In this review article, we highlight the underlying mechanisms by which cells present in the RA synovial tissue are modulated to secrete pro-angiogenic factors. We focus on the significance of pro-angiogenic factors such as growth factors, hypoxia-inducible factors, cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and adhesion molecules on RA pathogenesis. As pro-angiogenic factors are primarily produced from RA synovial tissue macrophages and fibroblasts, we emphasize the key role of RA synovial tissue lining layer in maintaining synovitis through neovascularization. Lastly, we summarize the specific approaches utilized to target angiogenesis. We conclude that the formation of new blood vessels plays an indispensable role in RA progression. However, since the function of several pro-angiogenic mediators is cross regulated, discovering novel approaches to target multiple cascades or selecting an upstream cascade that impairs the activity of a number of pro-angiogenic factors may provide a promising strategy for RA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem A Elshabrawy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, MSB 835 S Wolcott Ave., E807-E809, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Zhenlong Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, MSB 835 S Wolcott Ave., E807-E809, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Michael V Volin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Shalini Ravella
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, MSB 835 S Wolcott Ave., E807-E809, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Shanti Virupannavar
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, MSB 835 S Wolcott Ave., E807-E809, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Shiva Shahrara
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, MSB 835 S Wolcott Ave., E807-E809, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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7
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Akashi N, Matsumoto I, Tanaka Y, Inoue A, Yamamoto K, Umeda N, Tanaka Y, Hayashi T, Goto D, Ito S, Sekiguchi K, Sumida T. Comparative suppressive effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib and nilotinib in models of autoimmune arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/s10165-010-0392-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naotsugu Akashi
- Clinical Immunology, Advanced Biochemical Applications, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba,
1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
- Translational Sciences Department, Development Division, Novartis Pharma K.K.,
17-30 Nishi-Azabu 4-Chome Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-8618, Japan
| | - Isao Matsumoto
- Clinical Immunology, Advanced Biochemical Applications, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba,
1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoko Tanaka
- Clinical Immunology, Advanced Biochemical Applications, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba,
1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Clinical Immunology, Advanced Biochemical Applications, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba,
1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kayo Yamamoto
- Clinical Immunology, Advanced Biochemical Applications, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba,
1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Naoto Umeda
- Clinical Immunology, Advanced Biochemical Applications, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba,
1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Clinical Immunology, Advanced Biochemical Applications, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba,
1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Taichi Hayashi
- Clinical Immunology, Advanced Biochemical Applications, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba,
1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Daisuke Goto
- Clinical Immunology, Advanced Biochemical Applications, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba,
1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ito
- Clinical Immunology, Advanced Biochemical Applications, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba,
1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kaneo Sekiguchi
- Translational Sciences Department, Development Division, Novartis Pharma K.K.,
17-30 Nishi-Azabu 4-Chome Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-8618, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sumida
- Clinical Immunology, Advanced Biochemical Applications, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba,
1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
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8
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Terabe F, Kitano M, Kawai M, Kuwahara Y, Hirano T, Arimitsu J, Hagihara K, Shima Y, Narazaki M, Tanaka T, Kawase I, Sano H, Ogata A. Imatinib mesylate inhibited rat adjuvant arthritis and PDGF-dependent growth of synovial fibroblast via interference with the Akt signaling pathway. Mod Rheumatol 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/s10165-009-0193-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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9
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Rogers JL, Serafin DS, Timoshchenko RG, Tarrant TK. Cellular targeting in autoimmunity. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2013; 12:495-510. [PMID: 23054625 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-012-0307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many biologic agents that were first approved for the treatment of malignancies are now being actively investigated and used in a variety of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and Sjogren's syndrome. The relatively recent advance of selective immune targeting has significantly changed the management of autoimmune disorders and in part can be attributed to the progress made in understanding effector cell function and their signaling pathways. In this review, we will discuss the recent FDA-approved biologic therapies that directly target immune cells as well as the most promising investigational drugs affecting immune cell function and signaling for the treatment of autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Rogers
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA
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10
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Abstract
Over the last decade, the Tec family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases (Btk, Tec, Bmx, Itk, and Rlk) have been shown to play a key role in inflammation and bone destruction. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) has been the most widely studied due to the critical role of this kinase in B-cell development and recent evidence showing that blocking Btk signaling is effective in ameliorating lymphoma progression and experimental arthritis. This review will examine the role of TFK in myeloid cell function and the potential of targeting these kinases as a therapeutic intervention in autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J Horwood
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, London, UK.
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11
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Gu JJ, Lavau CP, Pugacheva E, Soderblom EJ, Moseley MA, Pendergast AM. Abl family kinases modulate T cell-mediated inflammation and chemokine-induced migration through the adaptor HEF1 and the GTPase Rap1. Sci Signal 2012; 5:ra51. [PMID: 22810897 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2002632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chemokine signaling is critical for T cell function during homeostasis and inflammation and directs T cell polarity and migration through the activation of specific intracellular pathways. Here, we uncovered a previously uncharacterized role for the Abl family tyrosine kinases Abl and Arg in the regulation of T cell-dependent inflammatory responses and showed that the Abl family kinases were required for chemokine-induced T cell polarization and migration. Our data demonstrated that Abl and Arg were activated downstream of chemokine receptors and mediated the chemokine-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of human enhancer of filamentation 1 (HEF1), an adaptor protein that is required for the activity of the guanosine triphosphatase Rap1, which mediates cell adhesion and migration. Phosphorylation of HEF1 by Abl family kinases and activation of Rap1 were required for chemokine-induced T cell migration. Mouse T cells that lacked Abl and Arg exhibited defective homing to lymph nodes and impaired migration to sites of inflammation. These findings suggest that Abl family kinases are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of T cell-dependent immune disorders that are characterized by chemokine-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin Gu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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12
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Li YY, An J, Jones SJM. A computational approach to finding novel targets for existing drugs. PLoS Comput Biol 2011; 7:e1002139. [PMID: 21909252 PMCID: PMC3164726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Repositioning existing drugs for new therapeutic uses is an efficient approach to drug discovery. We have developed a computational drug repositioning pipeline to perform large-scale molecular docking of small molecule drugs against protein drug targets, in order to map the drug-target interaction space and find novel interactions. Our method emphasizes removing false positive interaction predictions using criteria from known interaction docking, consensus scoring, and specificity. In all, our database contains 252 human protein drug targets that we classify as reliable-for-docking as well as 4621 approved and experimental small molecule drugs from DrugBank. These were cross-docked, then filtered through stringent scoring criteria to select top drug-target interactions. In particular, we used MAPK14 and the kinase inhibitor BIM-8 as examples where our stringent thresholds enriched the predicted drug-target interactions with known interactions up to 20 times compared to standard score thresholds. We validated nilotinib as a potent MAPK14 inhibitor in vitro (IC50 40 nM), suggesting a potential use for this drug in treating inflammatory diseases. The published literature indicated experimental evidence for 31 of the top predicted interactions, highlighting the promising nature of our approach. Novel interactions discovered may lead to the drug being repositioned as a therapeutic treatment for its off-target's associated disease, added insight into the drug's mechanism of action, and added insight into the drug's side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Y Li
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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13
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Dehlin M, Andersson S, Erlandsson M, Brisslert M, Bokarewa M. Inhibition of fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 alleviates experimental arthritis by reducing formation of dendritic cells and antigen presentation. J Leukoc Biol 2011; 90:811-7. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1110640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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15
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Abstract
Angiogenesis is the formation of new capillaries from pre-existing vessels. A number of soluble and cell-bound factors may stimulate neovascularization. The perpetuation of angiogenesis involving numerous soluble and cell surface-bound mediators has been associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These angiogenic mediators, among others, include growth factors, primarily vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines, various chemokines, matrix components, cell adhesion molecules, proteases and others. Among the several potential angiogenesis inhibitors, targeting of VEGF, HIF-1, angiogenic chemokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and the alpha(V)beta(3) integrin may attenuate the action of angiogenic mediators and thus synovial angiogenesis. In addition, some naturally produced or synthetic compounds including angiostatin, endostatin, paclitaxel, fumagillin analogues, 2-methoxyestradiol and thalidomide may be included in the management of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Szekanecz
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Medicine, University of Debrecen Medical and Health Sciences Center, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary.
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Tyrosine kinases as targets for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2009; 5:317-24. [PMID: 19491913 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2009.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As critical regulators of numerous cell signaling pathways, tyrosine kinases are implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the absence of disease, synoviocytes produce factors that provide nutrition and lubrication for the surrounding cartilage tissue; few cellular infiltrates are seen in the synovium. In RA, however, macrophages, neutrophils, T cells and B cells infiltrate the synovium and produce cytokines, chemokines and degradative enzymes that promote inflammation and joint destruction. In addition, the synovial lining expands owing to the proliferation of synoviocytes and infiltration of inflammatory cells to form a pannus, which invades the surrounding bone and cartilage. Many of these cell responses are regulated by tyrosine kinases that operate in specific signaling pathways, and inhibition of a number of these kinases might be expected to provide benefit in RA.
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Abstract
The success of gene therapy strategies to cure disease relies on the control of unwanted immune responses to transgene products, genetically modified cells and/or to the vector. Effective treatment of an established immune response is much harder to achieve than prevention of a response before it has had a chance to develop. However, preventive strategies are not always effective in avoiding immune responses, thus the use of drugs to induce immunosuppression (IS) is required. The growing discovery of novel drugs provides a conceptual shift from using generalized, moderately intensive immunosuppressive regimens towards a refined approach to attain the optimal balance of naive cells, effector cells, memory cells, and regulatory cells, harnessing the natural tolerance mechanisms of the body. We review several strategies based on transient IS coupled with gene therapy for sustained immune tolerance induction to the therapeutic transgene.
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Terabe F, Kitano M, Kawai M, Kuwahara Y, Hirano T, Arimitsu J, Hagihara K, Shima Y, Narazaki M, Tanaka T, Kawase I, Sano H, Ogata A. Imatinib mesylate inhibited rat adjuvant arthritis and PDGF-dependent growth of synovial fibroblast via interference with the Akt signaling pathway. Mod Rheumatol 2009; 19:522-9. [PMID: 19568828 DOI: 10.1007/s10165-009-0193-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Overgrowth of the synovium plays an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is one of the most potent mitogenic factors of synovial cells, and imatinib mesylate (imatinib) is a specific inhibitor of the PDGF receptor tyrosine kinase. The aim of this study was to elucidate the anti-rheumatic activity of imatinib. The in vivo effects of imatinib were assessed by evaluating the sequential manifestation of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats using paw volume and clinical scores. Imatinib was found to inhibit rat adjuvant-induced arthritis, but the inhibitory effects were incomplete. To confirm the mechanism of anti-rheumatic-activity of imatinib, we assessed the in vitro effects of imatinib on the proliferation of RA synovial fibroblast-like cells (RASFs) using a MTT assay. Intracellular signaling of PDGF was evaluated by Western blot analysis. Platelet-derived growth factor was found to induce a significant proliferation of RASFs, while imatinib inhibited PDGF-induced proliferation of RASF. Imatinib also inhibited PDGF-induced phosphorylation of the PDGF receptor and Akt, whereas constitutive activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase was not inhibited by imatinib. In contrast, imatinib did not inhibit transforming growth factor beta- and basic fibroblast growth factor-induced proliferation of RASF. Oral administration of imatinib ameliorated adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats, and it inhibited PDGF-induced RASF proliferation through disruption of the PDGF-R to Akt kinase signaling pathway. Because imatinib cannot inhibit the non-PDGF-dependent proliferation of RASFs, the anti-rheumatic effect of imatinib may be incomplete. The development of inhibitors of RASF proliferation may lead to the successful treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitaka Terabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Disease, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Tyrosine kinase inhibitors reverse type 1 diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:18895-900. [PMID: 19015530 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0810246105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent development of small-molecule tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors offers increasing opportunities for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In this study, we investigated the potential of this new class of drugs to treat and cure type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the NOD mouse. Treatment of prediabetic and new onset diabetic mice with imatinib (Gleevec) prevented and reversed T1D. Similar results were observed with sunitinib (Sutent), an additional approved multikinase inhibitor, suggesting that the primary target of imatinib, c-Abl, was not essential in blocking disease in this model. Additional studies with another TK inhibitor, PLX647 (targeting c-Kit and c-Fms) or an anti-c-Kit mAb showed only marginal efficacy whereas a soluble form of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), PDGFRbetaIg, rapidly reversed diabetes. These findings strongly suggest that inhibition of PDGFR is critical to reverse diabetes and highlight a crucial role of inflammation in the development of T1D. These conclusions were supported by the finding that the adaptive immune system was not significantly affected by imatinib treatment. Finally, and most significantly, imatinib treatment led to durable remission after discontinuation of therapy at 10 weeks in a majority of mice. Thus, long-term efficacy and tolerance is likely to depend on inhibiting a combination of tyrosine kinases supporting the use of selective kinase inhibitors as a new, potentially very attractive approach for the treatment of T1D.
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Hu E, Tasker A, White RD, Kunz RK, Human J, Chen N, Bürli R, Hungate R, Novak P, Itano A, Zhang X, Yu V, Nguyen Y, Tudor Y, Plant M, Flynn S, Xu Y, Meagher KL, Whittington DA, Ng GY. Discovery of aryl aminoquinazoline pyridones as potent, selective, and orally efficacious inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinase c-Kit. J Med Chem 2008; 51:3065-8. [PMID: 18447379 DOI: 10.1021/jm800188g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of c-Kit has the potential to treat mast cell associated fibrotic diseases. We report the discovery of several aminoquinazoline pyridones that are potent inhibitors of c-Kit with greater than 200-fold selectivity against KDR, p38, Lck, and Src. In vivo efficacy of pyridone 16 by dose-dependent inhibition of histamine release was demonstrated in a rodent pharmacodynamic model of mast cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essa Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799, USA.
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