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Suthon S, Tangjittipokin W. Mechanisms and Physiological Roles of Polymorphisms in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2039. [PMID: 38396716 PMCID: PMC10888615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a significant pregnancy complication linked to perinatal complications and an elevated risk of future metabolic disorders for both mothers and their children. GDM is diagnosed when women without prior diabetes develop chronic hyperglycemia due to β-cell dysfunction during gestation. Global research focuses on the association between GDM and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and aims to enhance our understanding of GDM's pathogenesis, predict its risk, and guide patient management. This review offers a summary of various SNPs linked to a heightened risk of GDM and explores their biological mechanisms within the tissues implicated in the development of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarocha Suthon
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand;
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Diabetes and Obesity, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence Management, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Watip Tangjittipokin
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand;
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Diabetes and Obesity, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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Zeng Q, Yang T, Wei W, Zou D, Wei Y, Han F, He J, Huang J, Guo R. Association between GLO1 variants and gestational diabetes mellitus susceptibility in a Chinese population: a preliminary study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1235581. [PMID: 38027126 PMCID: PMC10656739 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1235581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) plays a crucial role in defending against glycation. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants in the GLO1 gene may affect gene expression and alter enzyme activity. However, there have been limited studies evaluating the association between GLO1 and diabetes, especially gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Therefore, this study is the first to explore the association of GLO1 SNPs and GDM risk. Methods The study included a total of 500 GDM patients and 502 control subjects. The SNPscan™ genotyping assay was used to genotype rs1781735, rs4746 and rs1130534. To assess the disparities in genotype, allele, and haplotype distributions and their correlation with GDM risk, the independent sample t-test, logistic regression, and chi-square test were employed during the data processing phase. Furthermore, one-way ANOVA was conducted to determine the differences in genotype and blood glucose and methylglyoxal(MG) levels. Results Significant differences were observed in prepregnancy body mass index (pre-BMI), age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and parity between GDM and healthy subjects (P < 0.05). After adjusting for these factors, GLO1 rs1130534 TA remained associated with an increased risk of GDM (TA vs. TT + AA: OR = 1.320; 95% CI: 1.008-1.728; P = 0.044), especially in the pre-BMI ≥ 24 subgroup (TA vs. TT + AA: OR = 2.424; 95% CI: 1.048-5.607; P = 0.039), with fasting glucose levels being significantly elevated in the TA genotype compared to the TT genotype (P < 0.05). Conversely, the GLO1 rs4746 TG was associated with a decreased risk of GDM (TG vs. TT: OR = 0.740; 95% CI: 0.548-0.999; P = 0.049; TG vs. TT + GG: OR = 0.740; 95% CI: 0.548-0.998; P = 0.048). Additionally, the haplotype T-G-T of rs1781735, rs4746 and rs1130534 was associated with a decreased risk of GDM among individuals with a pre-BMI ≥ 24 (OR = 0.423; 95% CI: 0.188-0.955; P = 0.038). Furthermore, the rs1781735 GG genotype was found to be more closely related to maternal MG accumulation and neonatal weight gain (P < 0.05). Conclusion Our findings suggested that GLO1 rs1130534 was associated with an increased susceptibility to GDM and higher blood glucose levels, but GLO1 rs4746 was associated with a decreased risk of GDM. The rs1781735 has been associated with the accumulation of maternal MG and subsequent weight gain in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Zeng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital (Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Maternal and Child Medicine and Birth Defects, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
- Maternal and Child Research Institute, Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital (Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Taili Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital (Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Maternal and Child Medicine and Birth Defects, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenfeng Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital (Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Dehua Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Wei
- Department of Ultrasound, Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital (Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengqiong Han
- Department of Obstetric, Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital (Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jieyun He
- Department of Obstetric, Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital (Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinzhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Research in Maternal and Child Medicine and Birth Defects, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
- Department of Gynecology, Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital (Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Runmin Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital (Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Maternal and Child Medicine and Birth Defects, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
- Maternal and Child Research Institute, Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital (Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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3
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Yin J, Ma G, Luo S, Luo X, He B, Liang C, Zuo X, Xu X, Chen Q, Xiong S, Tan Z, Fu J, Lv D, Dai Z, Wen X, Zhu D, Ye X, Lin Z, Lin J, Li Y, Chen W, Luo Z, Li K, Wang Y. Glyoxalase 1 Confers Susceptibility to Schizophrenia: From Genetic Variants to Phenotypes of Neural Function. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:739526. [PMID: 34790095 PMCID: PMC8592033 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.739526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to investigate the role of glyoxalase 1 (Glo-1) polymorphisms in the susceptibility of schizophrenia. Using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and spectrophotometric assays technology, significant differences in Glo-1 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression (P = 3.98 × 10-5) and enzymatic activity (P = 1.40 × 10-6) were found in peripheral blood of first-onset antipsychotic-naïve patients with schizophrenia and controls. The following receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis showed that Glo-1 could predict the schizophrenia risk (P = 4.75 × 10-6 in mRNA, P = 1.43 × 10-7 in enzymatic activity, respectively). To identify the genetic source of Glo-1 risk in schizophrenia, Glo-1 polymorphisms (rs1781735, rs1130534, rs4746, and rs9470916) were genotyped with SNaPshot technology in 1,069 patients with schizophrenia and 1,023 healthy individuals. Then, the impact of risk polymorphism on the promoter activity, mRNA expression, and enzymatic activity was analyzed. The results revealed significant differences in the distributions of genotype (P = 0.020, false discovery rate (FDR) correction) and allele (P = 0.020, FDR correction) in rs1781735, in which G > T mutation significantly showed reduction in the promoter activity (P = 0.016), mRNA expression, and enzymatic activity (P = 0.001 and P = 0.015, respectively, GG vs. TT, in peripheral blood of patients with schizophrenia) of Glo-1. The expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) findings were followed up with the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis. The TT genotype of rs1781735, associated with lower RNA expression in the brain (P < 0.05), showed decreased neuronal activation in the left middle frontal gyrus in schizophrenia (P < 0.001). In aggregate, this study for the first time demonstrates how the genetic and biochemical basis of Glo-1 polymorphism culminates in the brain function changes associated with increased schizophrenia risk. Thus, establishing a combination of multiple levels of changes ranging from genetic variants, transcription, protein function, and brain function changes is a better predictor of schizophrenia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Yin
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Guoda Ma
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Maternal and Children's Health Research Institute, Shunde Maternal and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Shucun Luo
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xudong Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bin He
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chunmei Liang
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiang Zuo
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xusan Xu
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Susu Xiong
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhi Tan
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiawu Fu
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Dong Lv
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhun Dai
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xia Wen
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Dongjian Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Ye
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhixiong Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Juda Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - You Li
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wubiao Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zebin Luo
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Keshen Li
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Maternal and Children's Health Research Institute, Shunde Maternal and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
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Alouffi S, Khan MWA. Dicarbonyls Generation, Toxicities, Detoxifications and Potential Roles in Diabetes Complications. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2020; 21:890-898. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666191010155145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
It has been well established that advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) have a strong
correlation with diabetes and its secondary complications. Moreover, dicarbonyls, especially, methylglyoxal
(MG) and glyoxal, accelerate AGEs formation and hence, have potential roles in the pathogenesis
of diabetes. They can also induce oxidative stress and concomitantly decrease the efficiency of
antioxidant enzymes. Increased proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-
1β) are secreted by monocytes due to the dicarbonyl-modified proteins. High levels of blood dicarbonyls
have been identified in diabetes and its associated complications (retinopathy, nephropathy and
neuropathy). This review aims to provide a better understanding by including in-depth information
about the formation of MG and glyoxal through multiple pathways with a focus on their biological
functions and detoxifications. The potential role of these dicarbonyls in secondary diabetic complications
is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Alouffi
- Molecular Diagnostic and Personalised Therapeutics Unit, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Wajid Ali Khan
- Molecular Diagnostic and Personalised Therapeutics Unit, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
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Kaune T, Hollenbach M, Keil B, Chen JM, Masson E, Becker C, Damm M, Ruffert C, Grützmann R, Hoffmeister A, te Morsche RHM, Cavestro GM, Zuppardo RA, Saftoiu A, Malecka-Panas E, Głuszek S, Bugert P, Lerch MM, Weiss FU, Zou WB, Liao Z, Hegyi P, Drenth JPH, Riedel J, Férec C, Scholz M, Kirsten H, Tóth A, Ewers M, Witt H, Griesmann H, Michl P, Rosendahl J. Common variants in glyoxalase I do not increase chronic pancreatitis risk. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222927. [PMID: 31661534 PMCID: PMC6818803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic pancreatitis (CP) may be caused by oxidative stress. An important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the methylglyoxal-derived formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE). Methylglyoxal is detoxified by Glyoxalase I (GLO1). A reduction in GLO1 activity results in increased ROS. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of GLO1 have been linked to various inflammatory diseases. Here, we analyzed whether common GLO1 variants are associated with alcoholic (ACP) and non-alcoholic CP (NACP). Methods Using melting curve analysis, we genotyped a screening cohort of 223 ACP, 218 NACP patients, and 328 controls for 11 tagging SNPs defined by the SNPinfo LD TAG SNP Selection tool and the functionally relevant variant rs4746. For selected variants the cohorts were extended to up to 1,441 patient samples. Results In the ACP cohort, comparison of genotypes for rs1937780 between patients and controls displayed an ambiguous result in the screening cohort (p = 0.08). However, in the extended cohort of 1,441 patients no statistically significant association was found for the comparison of genotypes (p = 0.11), nor in logistic regression analysis (p = 0.214, OR 1.072, 95% CI 0.961–1.196). In the NACP screening cohort SNPs rs937662, rs1699012, and rs4746 displayed an ambiguous result when patients were compared to controls in the recessive or dominant model (p = 0.08, 0.08, and 0.07, respectively). Again, these associations were not confirmed in the extended cohorts (rs937662, dominant model: p = 0.07, logistic regression: p = 0.07, OR 1.207, 95% CI 0.985–1.480) or in the replication cohorts for rs4746 (Germany, p = 0.42, OR 1.080, 95% CI 0.673–1.124; France, p = 0.19, OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.76–1.06; China, p = 0.24, OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.90–1.54) and rs1699012 (Germany, Munich; p = 0.279, OR 0.903, 95% CI 0.750–1.087). Conclusions Common GLO1 variants do not increase chronic pancreatitis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Kaune
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Marcus Hollenbach
- Medical Department II–Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases, Pulmonology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bettina Keil
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Jian-Min Chen
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1078, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS)–Bretagne, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et d'Histocompatibilité, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Brest, France
| | - Emmanuelle Masson
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1078, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS)–Bretagne, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et d'Histocompatibilité, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Brest, France
| | - Carla Becker
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Marko Damm
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Claudia Ruffert
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Robert Grützmann
- Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chirurgische Klinik, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Albrecht Hoffmeister
- Medical Department II–Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases, Pulmonology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rene H. M. te Morsche
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud umc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Giulia Martina Cavestro
- Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Alessia Zuppardo
- Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Adrian Saftoiu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - Ewa Malecka-Panas
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Stanislaw Głuszek
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Peter Bugert
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service of Baden-Württemberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Markus M. Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frank Ulrich Weiss
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wen-Bin Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuan Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Peter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine and First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- HAS-SZTE, Momentum Gastroenterology Multidisciplinary Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Joost PH Drenth
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud umc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Riedel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Claude Férec
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1078, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS)–Bretagne, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et d'Histocompatibilité, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Brest, France
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Kirsten
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea Tóth
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin (EKFZ), Paediatric Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Maren Ewers
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin (EKFZ), Paediatric Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Heiko Witt
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin (EKFZ), Paediatric Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Heidi Griesmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Patrick Michl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Jonas Rosendahl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
- * E-mail:
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6
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Chaudhuri J, Bains Y, Guha S, Kahn A, Hall D, Bose N, Gugliucci A, Kapahi P. The Role of Advanced Glycation End Products in Aging and Metabolic Diseases: Bridging Association and Causality. Cell Metab 2018; 28:337-352. [PMID: 30184484 PMCID: PMC6355252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on nucleotides, lipids, and peptides/proteins are an inevitable component of the aging process in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. To date, a substantial body of evidence shows that AGEs and their functionally compromised adducts are linked to and perhaps responsible for changes seen during aging and for the development of many age-related morbidities. However, much remains to be learned about the biology of AGE formation, causal nature of these associations, and whether new interventions might be developed that will prevent or reduce the negative impact of AGEs-related damage. To facilitate achieving these latter ends, we show how invertebrate models, notably Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans, can be used to explore AGE-related pathways in depth and to identify and assess drugs that will mitigate against the detrimental effects of AGE-adduct development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotiska Chaudhuri
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA.
| | - Yasmin Bains
- Touro University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Glycation Oxidation and Research laboratory, Vallejo, CA, 94592, USA
| | - Sanjib Guha
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Arnold Kahn
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA; University of California, Department of Urology, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David Hall
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Neelanjan Bose
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA; University of California, Department of Urology, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alejandro Gugliucci
- Touro University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Glycation Oxidation and Research laboratory, Vallejo, CA, 94592, USA.
| | - Pankaj Kapahi
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA; University of California, Department of Urology, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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7
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Hollenbach M. The Role of Glyoxalase-I (Glo-I), Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGEs), and Their Receptor (RAGE) in Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112466. [PMID: 29156655 PMCID: PMC5713432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyoxalase-I (Glo-I) and glyoxalase-II (Glo-II) comprise the glyoxalase system and are responsible for the detoxification of methylglyoxal (MGO). MGO is formed non-enzymatically as a by-product, mainly in glycolysis, and leads to the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). AGEs bind to their receptor, RAGE, and activate intracellular transcription factors, resulting in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This review will focus on the implication of the Glo-I/AGE/RAGE system in liver injury and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). AGEs and RAGE are upregulated in liver fibrosis, and the silencing of RAGE reduced collagen deposition and the tumor growth of HCC. Nevertheless, data relating to Glo-I in fibrosis and cirrhosis are preliminary. Glo-I expression was found to be reduced in early and advanced cirrhosis with a subsequent increase of MGO-levels. On the other hand, pharmacological modulation of Glo-I resulted in the reduced activation of hepatic stellate cells and therefore reduced fibrosis in the CCl₄-model of cirrhosis. Thus, current research highlighted the Glo-I/AGE/RAGE system as an interesting therapeutic target in chronic liver diseases. These findings need further elucidation in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Hollenbach
- Department of Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Abstract
Glo1 (glyxoalase I) is a cytosolic protein expressed in all mammalian cells. Its physiological function is the detoxification of MG (methylglyoxal), which is a potent precursor of AGEs (advanced glycation end-products). Although the impact of AGEs on different forms of vascular diseases has been intensively investigated, the evidence for the involvement of Glo1 and MG is still scarce. Recently, several studies have provided significant evidence for Glo1 having a protective effect on microvascular complications in diabetic patients, such as retinopathy and nephropathy. Regarding macrovascular complications, especially atherosclerotic lesions, the impact of Glo1 is even less clear. In the present article, we review the latest findings regarding the role of Glo1 and MG in vascular biology and the pathophysiology of micro- and macro-vascular disease.
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Jack M, Wright D. Role of advanced glycation endproducts and glyoxalase I in diabetic peripheral sensory neuropathy. Transl Res 2012; 159:355-65. [PMID: 22500508 PMCID: PMC3329218 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy is the most common and debilitating complication of diabetes mellitus with more than half of all patients developing altered sensation as a result of damage to peripheral sensory neurons. Hyperglycemia results in altered nerve conduction velocities, loss of epidermal innervation, and development of painful or painless signs and symptoms in the feet and hands. Current research has been unable to determine whether a patient will develop insensate or painful neuropathy or be protected from peripheral nerve damage all together. One mechanism that has been recognized to have a role in the pathogenesis of sensory neuron damage is the process of reactive dicarbonyls forming advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) as a direct result of hyperglycemia. The glyoxalase system, composed of the enzymes glyoxalase I (GLO1) and glyoxalase II, is the main detoxification pathway involved in breaking down toxic reactive dicarbonyls before producing carbonyl stress and forming AGEs on proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids. This review discusses AGEs, GLO1, their role in diabetic neuropathy, and potential therapeutic targets of the AGE pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Jack
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Jack MM, Ryals JM, Wright DE. Protection from diabetes-induced peripheral sensory neuropathy--a role for elevated glyoxalase I? Exp Neurol 2011; 234:62-9. [PMID: 22201551 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus with over half of all patients developing neuropathy symptoms due to sensory nerve damage. Diabetes-induced hyperglycemia leads to the accelerated production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that alter proteins, thereby leading to neuronal dysfunction. The glyoxalase enzyme system, specifically glyoxalase I (GLO1), is responsible for detoxifying precursors of AGEs, such as methylglyoxal and other reactive dicarbonyls. The purpose of our studies was to determine if expression differences of GLO1 may play a role in the development of diabetic sensory neuropathy. BALB/cJ mice naturally express low levels of GLO1, while BALB/cByJ express approximately 10-fold higher levels on a similar genetic background due to increased copy numbers of GLO1. Five weeks following STZ injection, diabetic BALB/cJ mice developed a 68% increase in mechanical thresholds, characteristic of insensate neuropathy or loss of mechanical sensitivity. This behavior change correlated with a 38% reduction in intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD). Diabetic BALB/cJ mice also had reduced expression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation proteins in Complexes I and V by 83% and 47%, respectively. Conversely, diabetic BALB/cByJ mice did not develop signs of neuropathy, changes in IENFD, or alterations in mitochondrial protein expression. Reduced expression of GLO1 paired with diabetes-induced hyperglycemia may lead to neuronal mitochondrial damage and symptoms of diabetic neuropathy. Therefore, AGEs, the glyoxalase system, and mitochondrial dysfunction may play a role in the development and modulation of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Jack
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Wu JC, Li XH, Peng YD, Wang JB, Tang JF, Wang YF. Association of two glyoxalase I gene polymorphisms with nephropathy and retinopathy in Type 2 diabetes. J Endocrinol Invest 2011; 34:e343-8. [PMID: 21738003 DOI: 10.3275/7856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyoxalase I (GLO1), which is the major enzyme that catalyzes the metabolism of methylglyoxal (MG), may play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic microvascular complications. AIM To investigate whether the C-7T and A419C polymorphisms of the GLO1 gene are associated with nephropathy and retinopathy in Chinese Type 2 diabetic patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 364 Type 2 diabetic patients and 301 healthy controls were enroled in the study. Diabetic microvascular complications were determined by urinary albumin excretion measurements and ophthalmological examinations. Genetic analyses were performed using either Taqman PCR or direct sequencing. The effect of C-7T polymorphism on promoter activity was measured by reporter gene assays. RESULTS The albumin/ creatinine ratio (ACR) and prevalence of nephropathy and retinopathy were significantly higher in diabetic patients with GLO1 -7CC genotype than in patients with -7CT and -7TT genotypes (p=0.02, p=0.02, and p=0.04, respectively). The - 7CC genotype is independently associated with ACR (β=0.13, p=0.01) and the risk for retinopathy [odds ratio (OR): 2.30, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25-4.24, p<0.01]. The luciferase activity of the -7T promoter was higher than that of the -7C promoter (13.2±0.2 vs 11.7±0.8, p=0.04). No differences were found between ACR and the prevalence of nephropathy and retinopathy for A419C polymorphism in Type 2 diabetic patients. CONCLUSIONS GLO1 C-7T polymorphism alters promoter activity and confers susceptibility to nephropathy and retinopathy to Type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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Wu JC, Li XH, Wang JB, Tang JF, Wang YF, Peng YD. Glyoxalase I and Aldose Reductase Gene Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Carotid Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2011; 15:273-9. [PMID: 21294693 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2010.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-cheng Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-hua Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jian-bo Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jian-feng Tang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yu-fei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yong-de Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ. Glyoxalase in diabetes, obesity and related disorders. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2011; 22:309-17. [PMID: 21335095 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes was the first disease state where evidence emerged for increased formation of methylglyoxal. Metabolism of methylglyoxal by the glyoxalase system has been linked to the development of vascular complications of diabetes - nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy and cardiovascular disease. Increased formation of methylglyoxal in hyperglycaemia associated with diabetes and down regulation of glyoxalase 1 by inflammatory signalling in vascular cells leads to a marked increased modification of proteins by methylglyoxal to form advanced glycation endproducts at the sites of vascular complications. Hotspot protein targets of methylglyoxal that suffer functional impairment - the dicarbonyl proteome - likely play a key role in the mechanisms underlying the development of vascular complications in diabetes: particularly modification of integrin binding sites in extracellular matrix proteins leading to endothelial cell shedding and anoikis, modification of mitochondrial proteins and increased formation of reaction oxygen species, and modification of apolipoprotein B100 of low density lipoprotein leading to its increased atherogenicity. Some current therapeutic agents counter partially dysfunctional metabolism of methylglyoxal by the glyoxalase system in diabetes - including the recent development of high dose thiamine therapy for early stage diabetic nephropathy. Further pharmacologic strategies are required to overcome the down regulation of glyoxalase1 in diabetes. The glyoxalase system is likely to be a continuing and future focus for research on clinical biomarkers and therapeutic development for respectively assessment of metabolic control and prevention of vascular complications in diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Rabbani
- Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, UK.
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Yan SF, Ramasamy R, Schmidt AM. The RAGE axis: a fundamental mechanism signaling danger to the vulnerable vasculature. Circ Res 2010; 106:842-53. [PMID: 20299674 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.109.212217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The immunoglobulin superfamily molecule RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end product) transduces the effects of multiple ligands, including AGEs (advanced glycation end products), advanced oxidation protein products, S100/calgranulins, high-mobility group box-1, amyloid-beta peptide, and beta-sheet fibrils. In diabetes, hyperglycemia likely stimulates the initial burst of production of ligands that interact with RAGE and activate signaling mechanisms. Consequently, increased generation of proinflammatory and prothrombotic molecules and reactive oxygen species trigger further cycles of oxidative stress via RAGE, thus setting the stage for augmented damage to diabetic tissues in the face of further insults. Many of the ligand families of RAGE have been identified in atherosclerotic plaques and in the infarcted heart. Together with increased expression of RAGE in diabetic settings, we propose that release and accumulation of RAGE ligands contribute to exaggerated cellular damage. Stopping the vicious cycle of AGE-RAGE and RAGE axis signaling in the vulnerable heart and great vessels may be essential in controlling and preventing the consequences of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Fang Yan
- Division of Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Columbia University, 630 W 168th St, P&S 17-401, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Polymorphisms in glyoxalase 1 gene are not associated with vascular complications: the Hoorn and CoDAM studies. J Hypertens 2009; 27:1399-403. [PMID: 19412133 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32832af6ba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Methylglyoxal is a major precursor in the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), which are known to contribute to vascular complications such as hypertension and arterial stiffness. Methylglyoxal can be detoxified by glyoxalase 1 (GLO1). Because genetic variation in the GLO1 gene may alter the expression and/or the activity of GLO1, we investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the GLO1 gene are associated with vascular complications. METHODS The study entailed cross-sectional data analyses of the Cohort study of Diabetes and Atherosclerosis Maastricht (CoDAM) study and the Hoorn study, comprising a total of 1289 participants, aged 64.5 +/- 8.58 years, of whom 43.5% had normal glucose metabolism, 23.2% had impaired glucose metabolism and 33.3% had type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nine tag SNPs that cover the common GLO1 gene variation were genotyped. Levels of blood pressure and markers of atherosclerosis, arterial stiffness, renal function and AGEs were compared across genotypes. RESULTS All genotyped SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Prevalence of hypertension and markers of atherosclerosis, arterial stiffness, renal function and AGEs did not differ across genotypes of the nine SNPs. In additive models, SNP18 (rs2736654) was associated with pulse pressure [-1.20 mmHg (95% confidence interval: -2.26;-0.14)] and SNP40 (rs10484854) was associated with systolic blood pressure [-1.77 mmHg (-3.40;-0.14)]. CONCLUSION Polymorphisms in the GLO1 gene are not associated with the prevalence of hypertension, markers of atherosclerosis, renal function and AGEs and are weakly associated with pulse pressure and systolic blood pressure (possibly due to chance) in two Dutch cohorts of patients with normal glucose metabolism, impaired glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Andrades M, Lorenzi R, Berger M, Guimarães J, Moreira J, Dal-Pizzol F. Glycolaldehyde induces fibrinogen post-translational modification, delay in clotting and resistance to enzymatic digestion. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 180:478-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2008] [Revised: 04/11/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Germanová A, Germanová A, Tesarová P, Jáchymová M, Zvára K, Zima T, Kalousová M. Glyoxalase I Glu111Ala polymorphism in patients with breast cancer. Cancer Invest 2009; 27:655-60. [PMID: 19452310 DOI: 10.1080/07357900802350822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Effect of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the pathogenesis of cancer could be diminished by interaction with soluble RAGE or by reducing AGE-precursors via glyoxalase I. Glu111Ala polymorphism of glyoxalase I gene, AGEs, and sRAGE serum levels were studied in 113 breast cancer patients and in 58 controls. Higher frequency of the mutated C allele was found in patients with negative estrogen receptors and in patients in clinical stage III compared to controls (P< 0.05). The presence of the C allele could represent a negative prognostic factor; however, further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Germanová
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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Degaffe GH, Vander Jagt DL, Bobelu A, Bobelu J, Neha D, Waikaniwa M, Zager P, Shah VO. Distribution of glyoxalase I polymorphism among Zuni Indians: the Zuni Kidney Project. J Diabetes Complications 2008; 22:267-72. [PMID: 18413187 PMCID: PMC2504516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2007.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2006] [Revised: 05/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/01/2007] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Zuni Indians are experiencing simultaneous epidemics of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and renal disease [Scavini, M., Stidley, C. A., Shah, V. O., Narva, A. S., Tentori, F., Kessler, D. S., et al. (2003). Prevalence of diabetes is higher among female than male Zuni Indians: Diabetes among Zuni Indians. Diabetes Care, 26 (1), 55-60; Shah, V. O., Scavini, M., Stidley, C., Tentori, F., Welty, T., Maccluer, J. W., et al. (2003). Epidemic of diabetic and nondiabetic renal disease among the Zuni Indians: The Zuni Kidney Project. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 14, 1320-1329]. Methylglyoxal (MG), a highly reactive, cytotoxic, cross-linking endogenous aldehyde involved in the modification of biologic macromolecules, is elevated among patients with T2DM. Glyoxalase I (Glo1) is the initial enzyme involved in the detoxification of MG. Glo1 is a dimeric enzyme with three isoforms Glo1-1, Glo2-1, and Glo2-2, resulting from a point mutation (A-->C) at position 332 of cDNA. The present study was conducted to explore the hypothesis that specific polymorphisms of the Glo1 gene are associated with diabetes and/or albuminuria in Zuni Indians. We studied four groups of Zuni Indians stratified by diabetes status and albuminuria, as assessed by the urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (UACR): Group I--normal controls; Group II--T2DM and UACR<0.03; Group III--T2DM and UACR>or=0.03; and Group IV--nondiabetic participants with UACR>or=0.03. Genomic DNA was used as template for polymerase chain reaction amplification of the Glo1 gene. Products were digested to yield 110-bp bands (homozygous, CC); 54- and 45-bp bands (homozygous, AA); or all three bands (heterozygous CA). Data on age, gender, UACR, serum creatinine, hemoglobin A1(c), serum glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and the duration of T2DM among participants in Groups II and III were analyzed using analysis of variance. A generalized linear model logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationships between specific Glo1 polymorphisms to T2DM and UACR. All three Glo1 genotypes were present among Zuni Indians. There were no significant differences in the distributions of Glo1 genotypes among the study groups (chi-square test, P=.5590). The prevalence of Glo1 A allele was higher among diabetic participants (Groups II and III combined) than among nondiabetic participants (Groups I and IV combined) (chi-square test, P=.0233). There was an association (odds ratio=2.9; 95% confidence interval=1.3-7.2) between the Glo1 A allele and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guenet H. Degaffe
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - David L. Vander Jagt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | | | - Jeanette Bobelu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Donica Neha
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Mildred Waikaniwa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Philip Zager
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Vallabh O. Shah
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
- * Address correspondence to this author: Vallabh (Raj) Shah, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico –HSC, 1 UNM MSC10-5550, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, 505 272-4750 –phone, 505-272-2349 –fax,
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