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Yang X, Mei Y, Li Y, Zhang X, Gui J, Wang Y, Chen W, Chen M, Liu C, Zhang L. Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Hypertension Belief Assessment Tool. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:372. [PMID: 38664606 PMCID: PMC11046863 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04853-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is prevalent in China. Hypertensive patients suffer from many health problems in life. Hypertension is a common chronic disease with long-term and lifelong characteristics. In the long run, the existence of chronic diseases will affect the patient's own health beliefs. However, people's health beliefs about Hypertension are not explicit. Therefore, it is vital to find a suitable instrument to comprehend and improve the health beliefs of hypertensive patients, thus, better control of blood pressure and improvement of patient's quality of life are now crucial issues. This study aimed to translate the Hypertension Belief Assessment Tool (HBAT) into Chinese and examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Hypertension Belief Assessment Tool in hypertensive patients. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study. We translated the HBAT into Chinese and tested the reliability and validity of the Chinese version among 325 hypertensive patients. RESULTS The Chinese version of the scale contains 21 items. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) revealed six factors and explained 77.898% of the total variation. A six-factor model eventually showed acceptable fit indices in the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). With modified Confirmatory Factor Analysis, the fit indices were Chi-square/Degree of Freedom (CMIN/DF) = 2.491, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.952, Incremental Fit Index (IFI) = 0.952, Root-mean-square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.068, Tucker Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.941. The HBAT exhibits high internal consistency reliability (0.803), and the scale has good discriminant validity. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the HBAT is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the beliefs of Chinese hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, 241002, Wuhu City, An Hui Province, P.R. China
| | - Yujin Mei
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, 241002, Wuhu City, An Hui Province, P.R. China
| | - Yuqing Li
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, 241002, Wuhu City, An Hui Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, 241002, Wuhu City, An Hui Province, P.R. China
| | - Jiaofeng Gui
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, 241002, Wuhu City, An Hui Province, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, 241002, Wuhu City, An Hui Province, P.R. China
| | - Wenyue Chen
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, 241002, Wuhu City, An Hui Province, P.R. China
| | - Mingjia Chen
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, 241002, Wuhu City, An Hui Province, P.R. China
| | - Changjun Liu
- School of Marxism, Jinzhou Medical University, No. 40, Section 3, Songpo Road, Linghe District, 121001, Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, 241002, Wuhu City, An Hui Province, P.R. China.
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Kong L, Yang Z, Zheng C, Lu T, Zhang H. Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the breast cancer perception scale for community women: a translation and validation study. Breast Cancer 2024; 31:42-52. [PMID: 37828267 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-023-01508-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer perception is closely associated with the incidence of breast cancer among community-dwelling women. Consequently, it is crucial to enhance their breast cancer survival rate by assessing their cognitive status and implementing targeted interventions. This study aimed to translate the breast cancer perception scale into Chinese and validate its psychometric properties among community women. DESIGN A cross-sectional study method was introduced in this study. METHODS After obtaining the original author's authorization, the breast cancer perception scale was translated into Chinese using the Brislin back-translation method. Item analysis was employed to examine the discriminative power of the items, and the Delphi method was utilized to assess content validity. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to evaluate the scale's construct validity. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were calculated to analyze reliability. RESULTS A total of 24 items were retained in the item analysis, and the content validity index of the translated scale was 0.964. In the EFA, six common factors were extracted, namely perceived knowledge, perceived treatment belief, perceived need for health checks, perceived stigma, perceived fear, and perceived risk, accounting for 74.911% of the cumulative variance. The CFA results were as follows: χ2/df = 1.301, GFI = 0.903, NFI = 0.913, TLI = 0.975, CFI = 0.978, IFI = 0.979, RMSEA = 0.037. The Cronbach's α coefficients, split-half reliability, and test-retest reliability of the translated scale were 0.895, 0.661, and 0.865, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The Chinese version of the breast cancer perception scale demonstrated suitable psychometric properties among community women. By evaluating results according to the scale, medical staff can enhance breast cancer prevention awareness and care for community-dwelling women and subsequently implement corresponding modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Kong
- Department of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Zheng
- Department of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Tingting Lu
- Department of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.
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Anez-Bruzual I, Coughlin S, Clay D, Heiman J, Dungan M, Weber M, Almario CV, Leung G, Ahmad NA, Ginsberg GG, Kochman ML, Valverde KD, Long JM, Katona BW. Assessment of the Psychosocial Impact of Pancreatic Cancer Surveillance in High-Risk Individuals. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:86. [PMID: 38201514 PMCID: PMC10777978 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pancreatic cancer (PC) surveillance of high-risk individuals (HRIs) downstages PC and improves survival. However, it remains less clear whether PC surveillance has a positive psychosocial impact on HRIs. Herein, we aimed to define the attitudes and beliefs of HRIs undergoing PC surveillance, and the immediate and sustained psychosocial impact of PC surveillance in HRIs. METHODS 100 HRIs undergoing PC surveillance by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) completed three surveys addressing different components of the psychosocial impact of PC surveillance. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictive factors relating to these components. RESULTS Most HRIs reported increased perceived benefits of PC surveillance, self-efficacy, and perceived severity of PC. HRIs reported few negative emotions prior to surveillance and frequent positive emotions after surveillance. Compared to prior to surveillance, there was a 53.5% decrease in the level of distress reported by HRIs after surveillance, which was sustained for 4-6 weeks post-surveillance. Family history of PC and lower self-reported mental health were identified as predictors for increased perceived susceptibility to PC (p < 0.01) and greater change in distress pre- to post-surveillance (p < 0.01), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that PC surveillance can lead to sustained psychosocial benefits in HRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Anez-Bruzual
- Master of Science in Genetic Counseling Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (I.A.-B.); (K.D.V.)
| | - Sarah Coughlin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (S.C.); (D.C.); (J.H.); (M.D.); (M.W.); (G.L.); (N.A.A.); (G.G.G.); (M.L.K.)
| | - Daniel Clay
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (S.C.); (D.C.); (J.H.); (M.D.); (M.W.); (G.L.); (N.A.A.); (G.G.G.); (M.L.K.)
| | - Jordan Heiman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (S.C.); (D.C.); (J.H.); (M.D.); (M.W.); (G.L.); (N.A.A.); (G.G.G.); (M.L.K.)
| | - Michaela Dungan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (S.C.); (D.C.); (J.H.); (M.D.); (M.W.); (G.L.); (N.A.A.); (G.G.G.); (M.L.K.)
| | - Marina Weber
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (S.C.); (D.C.); (J.H.); (M.D.); (M.W.); (G.L.); (N.A.A.); (G.G.G.); (M.L.K.)
| | - Christopher V. Almario
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
| | - Galen Leung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (S.C.); (D.C.); (J.H.); (M.D.); (M.W.); (G.L.); (N.A.A.); (G.G.G.); (M.L.K.)
| | - Nuzhat A. Ahmad
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (S.C.); (D.C.); (J.H.); (M.D.); (M.W.); (G.L.); (N.A.A.); (G.G.G.); (M.L.K.)
| | - Gregory G. Ginsberg
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (S.C.); (D.C.); (J.H.); (M.D.); (M.W.); (G.L.); (N.A.A.); (G.G.G.); (M.L.K.)
| | - Michael L. Kochman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (S.C.); (D.C.); (J.H.); (M.D.); (M.W.); (G.L.); (N.A.A.); (G.G.G.); (M.L.K.)
| | - Kathleen D. Valverde
- Master of Science in Genetic Counseling Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (I.A.-B.); (K.D.V.)
| | - Jessica M. Long
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Bryson W. Katona
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (S.C.); (D.C.); (J.H.); (M.D.); (M.W.); (G.L.); (N.A.A.); (G.G.G.); (M.L.K.)
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Yang L, Xiao M. A survey on the level of health beliefs in preventing malnutrition in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Minerva Surg 2023; 78:748-750. [PMID: 37530712 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5691.23.10003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingzhao Xiao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China -
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Inoue D, Orisaka M, Hirose H, Miyashita H, Yamada S, Tsuyoshi H, Shinagawa A, Kurokawa T, Yoshida Y. Attitudes toward cancer screening in regional Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic: An anonymous survey. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:4081-4088. [PMID: 37605505 PMCID: PMC10551611 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has raised concerns about the impact of delayed health check-ups and cancer screenings on cancer diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to investigate the awareness of cancer patients on future screening measures during the pandemic in rural Japan. An anonymized open-data survey was undertaken in Fukui Prefecture, a rural region of Japan, in 2021. Participants were asked about their cancer screening history, screening frequency during the pandemic, and reasons for not undergoing screening. Among the 1262 respondents, the proportion of patients who underwent cancer screening in 2020 during the pandemic was similar to the proportion who underwent regular (annual or biannual) screening in 2019 before the pandemic. Of those who underwent regular screening, 82% still underwent screening in 2020, while only 21% of those who had irregular screenings. The number of respondents who believed they were healthy and did not require screening increased over time, possibly due to restrictions on going out and refraining from activities during the pandemic. This study in rural Japan found that regular cancer screening prior to the pandemic was associated with a more positive attitude toward screening during the pandemic. Raising awareness about the importance of cancer screening and encouraging participation is crucial for promoting positive attitudes in the future. The findings highlight the need for continued efforts to ensure access to screening services during the pandemic and future public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Inoue
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of FukuiFukuiJapan
| | - Makoto Orisaka
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of FukuiFukuiJapan
| | - Hiroaki Hirose
- Department of Health and WelfareFukui PrefectureFukuiJapan
| | | | - Shizuka Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of FukuiFukuiJapan
| | - Hideaki Tsuyoshi
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of FukuiFukuiJapan
| | - Akiko Shinagawa
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of FukuiFukuiJapan
| | - Tetsuji Kurokawa
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of FukuiFukuiJapan
| | - Yoshio Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of FukuiFukuiJapan
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Schaeffler F, Parry AM, Beck J, Rees M, Schaeffler S, Whittaker T. Comparing Vocal Health and Attitudes to Voice care in Primary Teachers and Voiceover Artists - A Survey Study Using the Health Belief Model. J Voice 2023:S0892-1997(23)00039-5. [PMID: 36941165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A range of professions experience high demands on their voices and are potentially at risk of developing voice disorders. Teachers have been studied extensively in this respect, while voiceover artists are a growing professional group with unknown levels of voice training, voice problems and voice care attitudes. To better understand profession-specific voice care requirements, we compared voice training, voice care habits and self-reported voice problems of these two professional groups and measured attitudes to voice care, informed by the Health Belief Model (HBM). STUDY DESIGN The study was a cross-sectional survey study with two cohorts. METHODS We surveyed 264 Scottish primary school teachers and 96 UK voiceover artists . Responses were obtained with multiple-choice and free-text questions. Attitudes to voice care were assessed with Likert-type questions that addressed five dimensions of the HBM. RESULTS Most voiceover artists had some level of voice training, compared to a minority of teachers. Low numbers of teachers reported regular voice care, compared to over half of voiceover artists. Higher numbers of teachers reported work-related voice problems. Voiceover artists reported greater awareness for vocal health and perceived potential effects of voice problems on their work as more severe. Voiceover artists also saw voice care as more beneficial. Teachers perceived barriers to voice care as substantially higher and felt less confident about voice care. Teachers with existing voice problems showed increased perceptions of voice problem susceptibility and severity and saw more benefit in voice care. Cronbach's alpha was below 0.7 for about half of the HBM-informed survey subsets, suggesting that reliability could be improved. CONCLUSIONS Both groups reported substantial levels of voice problems, and different attitudes to voice care suggest that the two groups require different approaches to preventative intervention. Future studies will benefit from the inclusion of further attitude dimensions beyond the HBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Schaeffler
- Clinical Audiology Speech and Language (CASL) Research Centre, Queen Margaret University Edinburgh, Musselburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Business Innovation Zone (BIZ), Fitvoice CIC, Queen Margaret University Edinburgh, Musselburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Business Innovation Zone (BIZ), The Voice Distillery Ltd, Queen Margaret University Edinburgh, Musselburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Anna M Parry
- Department of Speech, Voice and Swallowing, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Beck
- Clinical Audiology Speech and Language (CASL) Research Centre, Queen Margaret University Edinburgh, Musselburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Business Innovation Zone (BIZ), Fitvoice CIC, Queen Margaret University Edinburgh, Musselburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Meagan Rees
- Clinical Audiology Speech and Language (CASL) Research Centre, Queen Margaret University Edinburgh, Musselburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Sonja Schaeffler
- Clinical Audiology Speech and Language (CASL) Research Centre, Queen Margaret University Edinburgh, Musselburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Tess Whittaker
- Business Innovation Zone (BIZ), Fitvoice CIC, Queen Margaret University Edinburgh, Musselburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Business Innovation Zone (BIZ), The Voice Distillery Ltd, Queen Margaret University Edinburgh, Musselburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Aisah S, Ismail S, Margawati A. Animated educational video using health belief model on the knowledge of anemia prevention among female adolescents: An intervention study. MALAYSIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF FAMILY PHYSICIANS OF MALAYSIA 2022; 17:97-104. [PMID: 36606168 PMCID: PMC9809444 DOI: 10.51866/oa.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As the younger female generation, female adolescents should understand anaemia prevention. This study examined the effects of animated educational videos on the knowledge of anaemia prevention among female adolescents using the Health Belief Model (HBM). METHOD A quasi-experimental method with a randomised pre-test and post-test control group design was applied. Animated educational videos about anaemia prevention were used as the intervention. One hundred sixty-one female adolescents were recruited through multistage random sampling and divided into intervention (n=78) and control (n=83) groups. The intervention group received education via animated educational videos. The HBM questionnaire was used to measure the nine HBM indicators (r=0.8); the item categories were valid and reliable. Descriptive analyses, independent t-tests and repeated-measures ANOVA were used to analyse the data. RESULTS The animated educational videos played thrice significantly increased the knowledge of the intervention group (mean score: pre-test, 94; post-test one, 99; post-test two, 102). The scores for anaemia examination barriers (P=0.001), anaemia susceptibility (P=0.001), anaemia severity (P=0.001), anaemia prevention benefits (P=0.001), anaemia examination benefits (P=0.001), self-efficacy for obtaining iron tablets (P=0.001), self-recognition of anaemia signs and symptoms (P=0.001), signs of anaemia prevention (P=0.001) and health motivation (P=0.001) significantly changed. Meanwhile, the knowledge of the control group did not significantly increase (pre-test, 93; post-test one, 94; post-test two, 97). The intervention group had significantly higher mean scores in both the first and second measurements than the control group (P=0.05). CONCLUSION Animated educational videos significantly increased the knowledge of anaemia prevention, including the nine HBM indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Aisah
- M. Kep., Sp. Kom (Universitas Indonesia), Doctor (Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia), Doctoral Program of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Jalan Prof. H. Soedarto, S.H. Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
- Gerontology, Family and Community Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Jalan Kedungmundu Raya No.18 Semarang, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Suhartini Ismail
- S.Kp (Universitas Indonesia), MNS, PhD (Prince of Songkla University, Thailand) Department of Nursing, Emergency and Critical Care Nursing Division, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Jalan Prof. H. Soedarto, S.H. Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia.
| | - Ani Margawati
- Dra., M. Kes (Universitas Gajah Mada, Indonesia), PhD (The University of Hull, England), Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro Jalan Prof. H. Soedarto, S.H. Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
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Mahboobighazaani F, Karimi M, Azadbakht M, Ghahremani L. Design and psychometric evaluation of the breast cancer screening behaviors scale based on the health action model (HAM). BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:445. [DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-02026-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is known as the most common cancer and the first-rank malignancy among women. Screening plays a crucial role in early diagnosis and timely treatment. This paper presents the results of design, evaluation and analysis of a questionnaire based on the health action model to investigate breast cancer screening behaviors and their relevant factors.
Methods
The study is based on using a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches for optimal design and development of research tools. In order to design the structure of the health action model and screening behaviors related factors, both qualitative methods such as semi-structured interviews and quantitative approaches studied. Psychometric properties of the research tool were investigated through literature review. The research population consisted of 210 30–69 years old females based in Kashan who were selected through simple random sampling. The relative and content validity indexes were calculated to judge the content of the tool. Also, the confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the construct validity. Additionally, intra-class correlation coefficient and Cornbrash’s alpha coefficient were calculated to evaluate the reliability of the instrument. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 22 and AMOS 22 software packages.
Results
The mean age of the participants was 43 ± 9.82 Years old. The final version of the questionnaire was prepared in four sections, namely demographic factors (15 items), knowledge (12 items), constructs of the health action model or the factors related to breast cancer screening behaviors (67 items), and behavior (6 items). Factor analysis confirmed that the health action model fits in measuring breast cancer screening behaviors.
Conclusion
The tool designed for measuring breast cancer screening behaviors showed acceptable psychometric properties amongst females and can be used as a valid tool in conducting research in health studies.
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Perceptions and knowledge of breast cancer and breast self-examination among young adult women in southwest Ethiopia: Application of the health belief model. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274935. [PMID: 36129946 PMCID: PMC9491534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is still a recognized public health issue in Ethiopia. Despite this, the viewpoints and comprehensions of young women about the situation are unknown. Therefore, this study was carried out to assess the knowledge and perceptions of young adult women in Southwest Ethiopia about breast cancer and breast self-examination (BSE).
Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in the Gurage zone, southwest Ethiopia, in 2021. A total of 392 young adult women were randomly selected from both urban and rural strata using a three-stage stratified sampling process. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect the data. For data entry, Epi-data 4.6 with a double-entry approach was used, and for analysis, SPSS 26 was used. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify variables associated with BSE behavior. A p-value of 0.05 or below was considered statistically significant with a 95% CI.
Results
The respondents’ ages ranged from 20 to 24, with a mean of 21.25 (±1.32) years. Breast cancer and BSE were unknown to more than 80% of the study participants. A large proportion of young adult women had low perceived susceptibility (97.6%), low threat of breast cancer (96%), and low self-efficacy to perform BSE (91.4%). BSE was conducted by 23.1% of the participants occasionally. Being married (AOR = 5.31, 95% CI = 2.19–12.90), having good outcome expectations of BSE (AOR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.16–3.61), having good BSE knowledge (AOR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.04–1.45), having high perceived susceptibility (AOR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.05–1.20), high perceived severity (AOR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.02–3.09), and having high self-efficacy to do BSE (AOR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.01–1.09) were all significant predictors of BSE practice.
Conclusions
Young adult women were less concerned about breast cancer and had insufficient knowledge of breast cancer and breast self-examination. They have little knowledge of, confidence in, or experience with BSE. The practice of BSE was associated with increased perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy, severity, outcome expectations, and BSE knowledge. Therefore, these variables should be considered when developing educational interventions for young women.
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Factors Associated with Screening Mammogram Uptake among Women Attending an Urban University Primary Care Clinic in Malaysia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106103. [PMID: 35627637 PMCID: PMC9141597 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Screening mammograms have resulted in a reduction in breast cancer mortality, yet the uptake in Malaysia was low. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with screening mammogram uptake among women attending a Malaysian primary care clinic. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 women aged 40 to 74 attending the clinic. The data was collected using questionnaires assessing sociodemographic, clinical characteristics, knowledge and health beliefs. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with mammogram uptake. The prevalence of screening mammograms was 46.0%. About 45.5% of women with high breast cancer risk had never undergone a mammogram. Older participants, aged 50 to 74 (OR = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.05, 6.29, p-value = 0.039) and those who received a physician’s recommendation (OR = 7.61, 95% CI: 3.81, 15.20, p-value < 0.001) were more likely to undergo screening mammography. Significant health beliefs associated with mammogram uptake were perceived barriers (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.97, p-value = 0.019) and cues to action (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.59, p-value = 0.012). Approximately half of the participants and those in the high-risk group had never undergone a mammogram. Older age, physician recommendation, perceived barriers and cues to action were significantly associated with mammogram uptake. Physicians need to play an active role in promoting breast cancer screening and addressing the barriers.
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Women's attitudes towards healthy life awareness and breast cancer screening during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: a cross-sectional descriptive study. Eur J Cancer Prev 2022; 31:346-353. [PMID: 35579177 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the COVID-19 pandemic, fear of coronavirus infection has caused individuals to hesitate to access medical services and postpone their participation in diagnostic and screening programs. With this research, it was aimed to examine the relationship between women's wellness awareness and attitudes towards breast cancer screening during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The descriptive cross-sectional type research was conducted between 30 January 2021 and 30 July 2021. The sample of the study consisted of 396 women between the ages of 40 and 69 who were in the breast cancer screening population under national cancer screening standards and met the criteria for inclusion. The data of the study were collected using a web-based and self-reported questionnaire, Personal Information Form, Healthy Life Awareness Scale and Cancer Screening Attitude Scale. RESULTS It was determined that more than half of women postponed breast cancer screening during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the reasons for the postponement were often fear of contamination. It was determined that there was a relationship between the participants' awareness of healthy living and their attitudes towards cancer screening (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION It was found that approximately two out of every three women in the screening population during the pandemic did not have screening or postponed it due to fear of contamination. It was determined that women who had awareness of healthy living and had breast cancer screening before the pandemic had a positive attitude towards cancer screening during the COVID-19 pandemic period.
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Noman S, Shahar HK, Rahman HA, Ismail S, Aljaberi MA, Abdulrahman MN. Factor structure and internal reliability of breast cancer screening Champion's Health Belief Model Scale in Yemeni women in Malaysia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health 2021; 21:437. [PMID: 34965865 PMCID: PMC8715606 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01543-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reliability and validity of the Champion's Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS) used in assessing the belief of women regarding breast cancer (BC) and breast cancer screening (BCS) have been examined on various populations. However, the use of this tool has not been adequately assessed for its validity in ethnic minorities. This study assessed the validity and reliability of CHBMS by analyzing the factor structure and internal reliability of the factors among Yemeni women in Malaysia. METHODS A survey was conducted among 103 female teachers from 10 schools. SPSS version 22.0 was utilized in analyzing the data. Descriptive statistics were computed for the socio-demographic characteristics. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used in assessing the internal reliability. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to analyze the factor structure of the translated items. Parallel analysis was performed to determine the number of factors accurately. RESULTS The alpha coefficients of the factors had acceptable values ranging between 0.76 and 0.87. The factor analysis yielded six and five factors for breast self-examination (BSE) and mammography (MMG), with a total explained variance of 47.69% and 52.63%, respectively. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) index values of 0.64 and 0.72, and the Bartlett's Test of Sphericity (P = 0.0001) for BSE and MMG, respectively, verified the normality distribution and the adequacy of the sample size for EFA. All the items on each factor were from the same construct that were consistent with the number of factors obtained in the scale development study. The items achieved adequate factor loadings that ranged between 0.47 and 0.88. CONCLUSIONS The translated version of the CHBMS is a validated scale used in assessing the beliefs related to BC and BCS among Yemeni women living in Malaysia. Healthcare workers could use the scales to assess women's beliefs on BC and BCS. This instrument could be used to test the effectiveness of the intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Noman
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen.
| | - Hayati Kadir Shahar
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
- Malaysian Research Institute of Ageing (MyAgeing), 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Hejar Abdul Rahman
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Suriani Ismail
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Musheer A Aljaberi
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
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Teshome DF, Balcha SA, Ayele TA, Atnafu A, Gelaye KA. Development and Psychometric Validation of the Hypertension Beliefs Assessment Tool Among Adult Population in Northwest Ethiopia. Patient Prefer Adherence 2021; 15:2659-2671. [PMID: 34858019 PMCID: PMC8630370 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s335070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Ethiopia, the majority of hypertension cases remain undiagnosed, untreated, and uncontrolled. Beliefs about hypertension and its complications play an important role in hypertension management behaviors. Accurate assessment of individuals' beliefs towards the disease is of paramount importance in the design of hypertension education. This study aimed to develop and validate a hypertension belief assessment tool based on the Health Belief Model for the general population among rural adults in northwest Ethiopia. METHODS The study included item construction, face and content validation, factor analysis, and establishment of reliability and validity of the tool. A total of 308 rural adults participated in the study. Inter-item and item-to-total correlations were used to examine the items assessed with the same content on a scale. Principal component analysis with promax rotation was used to extract the factors. Internal consistency reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Convergent and discriminant validity were assessed using average variance extraction and maximum shared variance. RESULTS The median age of the participants was 41 (IQR: 31-55) years. Of the participants, 175 (56.8%) were female and 287 (93.2%) were farmers. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test value of 0.84 and significant Bartlett's test of sphericity (p=0.000) revealed that the data were suitable for exploratory factor analysis. The principal component analysis identified 6 factors, which explained 70.06% of the variation of the hypertension belief. Cronbach's alpha was 0.85 for the entire scale, ranging from 0.74 to 0.92 for the sub-domains. The average variance extracted was above 0.5 for all factors, indicating convergent validity. The maximum shared variance between the two constructs was lower than the average variance extracted from each factor, indicating that discriminating validity had been established. CONCLUSION The hypertension belief assessment tool was found to be valid and reliable, which can be used to measure the health beliefs on hypertension for the rural adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Destaw Fetene Teshome
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Shitaye Alemu Balcha
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Awoke Ayele
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Asmamaw Atnafu
- Department of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kassahun Alemu Gelaye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Effects of Self-Management Intervention Programs Based on the Health Belief Model and Planned Behavior Theory on Self-Management Behavior and Quality of Life in Middle-Aged Stroke Patients. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8911143. [PMID: 34707678 PMCID: PMC8545554 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8911143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To study the effect of self-management intervention programs based on the health belief model and planned behavior theory on self-management behavior and quality of life in middle-aged stroke patients. Most of the intervention studies on the self-management of middle-aged stroke patients focus on traditional Chinese medicine nursing and continuous nursing, lacking theoretical support. In particular, there is a lack of interventions based on the integration of two or more theories. Method The middle-aged stroke patients were divided into the control group and the intervention group according to the disease area. A total of 70 patients were included, and 35 patients were included in the control group and the intervention group, respectively. The control group received routine neurological treatment and health education during hospitalization and continued to receive routine health education for 3 months after discharge. On this basis, the intervention group received an intervention program based on an integrated model of health beliefs and planned behavior theory, including 3 health education sessions during hospitalization and 3 months of postdischarge health education. A self-administered stroke general information questionnaire was used to collect basic information on patients' age, gender, and comorbidities. The Stroke Self-Management Behavior Rating Scale and Stroke-Specific Quality-of-Life Scale (SS-QOL) were used to evaluate the management behavior and quality of life of the patients in both groups before and after the intervention. Results Before the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of self-management score, quality of life total score, and scores of each dimension (P > 0.05). At different periods after the intervention, the total score of self-management, total score of quality of life, and scores of each dimension were significantly higher in both groups than before the intervention (P < 0.05). In particular, the self-management and quality of life scores of the intervention group were higher than those of the control group at 1 and 3 months after the intervention (P < 0.05). Conclusion The self-management intervention scheme based on the integrated model of health belief and planned behavior theory is beneficial to improve the self-management ability and quality of life of stroke patients. It provides basis for clinical nurses to further improve the self-management ability and quality of life of stroke patients. Our findings may also serve as a reference for caregivers in other countries to improve the self-management and quality of life of stroke patients.
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Muñoz-Sanz JJ, Jiménez-Palomares M, Garrido-Ardila EM, Rodríguez-Mansilla J. Non-Participation in Breast Cancer Screening in Spain and Potential Application in the Present and Future: A Cross Sectional Study. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174331. [PMID: 34503140 PMCID: PMC8430829 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer screening programmes have the aim of reducing breast cancer mortality. This article is an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study of 2507 women who were invited to participate in the Breast Cancer Prevention Programme in Extremadura (Spain) and did not attend their appointment. We analysed the different reasons why women do not participate in the Breast Cancer Early Detection Programme in Extremadura (Spain) and discuss the results offering possible tools to improve the screening programs. Women who did not participate in the breast cancer screening programme in Extremadura had low educational levels and were older women. Abstract Background: Currently, we are beginning to observe a stabilisation and even a decrease in breast cancer mortality in the world, which may be related, among other reasons, to breast cancer screening. Methods: The objective of this study was to analyse the different reasons why women do not participate in the Breast Cancer Early Detection Programme in Extremadura (Spain) and to discuss the results, offering possible tools to improve the screening programs. This is an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study. A questionnaire with 14 questions was carried out by telephone or mail. Results: A total of 3970 questionnaires were collected. However, only 2507 were valid. A total of 70.36% of young and educated women underwent mammographic controls. The type of women who did not attend the screening programme appointment corresponded to a woman of approximately 60 years of age, with no formal studies, married, with children, who does not work outside their home and who lived in the health area of Badajoz. Among the main reasons for not going to the appointment, 53.9% of the women surveyed indicated that they had check-ups with their gynaecologist, and this specialist referred them for a mammograph. These women were younger and have a higher level of education. Women with a lower educational level and older women did not have any mammography done and did not undergo screening. They indicated that they did not go to the appointment because they were afraid of having a mammography (44%) or because they did not receive the appointment in time (31.6%). A total of 26.9% of the women who did not attend the appointment for other reasons stated that they had problems in attending because they had a physical limitation (dependency). Conclusions: Women who did not participate in the breast cancer screening programme in Extremadura had low educational levels and were older women. Specifically, fear of having a mammogram was the main argument raised by these women. In addition, a small group stated that they did not consider mammography to be useful. At present and in the future, good quality screening programs must be carried out to contribute to the reduction in breast cancer mortality. Furthermore, enhancing the participation of women is essential to increase the attendance rate and, therefore, the success of the screening programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Muñoz-Sanz
- Merida University Center (Badajoz), Department of Nursing, Extremadura University, 06800 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - María Jiménez-Palomares
- ADOLOR Research Group, Department of Medical-Surgical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Extremadura University, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.J.-P.); (J.R.-M.)
| | - Elisa María Garrido-Ardila
- ADOLOR Research Group, Department of Medical-Surgical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Extremadura University, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.J.-P.); (J.R.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-653369655
| | - Juan Rodríguez-Mansilla
- ADOLOR Research Group, Department of Medical-Surgical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Extremadura University, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.J.-P.); (J.R.-M.)
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Yin X, Mu K, Yang H, Wang J, Chen Z, Jiang N, Yang F, Zhang G, Wu J. Prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics and its related factors among Chinese residents: a cross-sectional study. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2021; 10:89. [PMID: 34090536 PMCID: PMC8180170 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-021-00954-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Self-medication is one of the most common forms of inappropriate use of antibiotics. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics (SMA) in China and evaluate the related factors. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Wuhan, Hubei, China from July 1, 2019 to July 31, 2019. Participants were recruited in public places to answer a structured questionnaire. The information of participants’ social demographic characteristics, antibiotic knowledge and health beliefs were collected. Binary Logistics regression analysis was used to examine the associated factors of SMA. Results Of the 3206 participants, 10.32% reported SMA in the past 6 months. Participants who with middle or high perceived barriers to seek health care services showed a higher likelihood of SMA (P < 0.05). Participants who with middle or high perceived threats of self-medication, and who with middle or high self-efficacy to overcome obstacles showed a lower likelihood of SMA (P < 0.05). Conclusions Compared with developed countries, the prevalence of SMA in China is still higher. Measures to conduct public health education and improve the accessibility of health services are crucial to decrease the overall self-medication rate in China. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13756-021-00954-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxv Yin
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ketao Mu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Heping Yang
- Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyuan Chen
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengjie Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guopeng Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianxiong Wu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Matlabi H, Asgari Z, Morsali Asl S, Mousavi S, Rezakhani Moghaddam H. The Effectiveness of Health Belief Model Initiative in Breast Cancer Screening Behaviors among Women Health Volunteers. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 36:365-376. [PMID: 33849403 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2021.1896407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of screening methods and regular diagnostic tests play an important role in reducing the incidence of cancers and their mortality. We investigated the effectiveness of health belief model initiative in breast cancer screening behaviors among women health volunteers. A quasi-experimental design and non-probability sampling technique was conducted during 2019 in Abhar, Iran. Two out of six health centers were approached and each was recruited in either experimental or control group. Based on the Iranian and standardized version of the Champion's Health Belief Model Scale, the different domains of the scale and breast cancer screening behaviors of eligible women health volunteers (n = 72) were evaluated. Then, seven training sessions were designed and implemented for the intervention group using local language and different educational approaches. The participants were reevaluated according to the same questionnaire three months after the intervention. There was a meaningful difference regarding breast self-exam, knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers among both the control and intervention groups before and after the intervention. Training programs using health belief model are crucial in developing breast cancer screening behaviors for women health volunteers. Thus, it is recommended that training programs should be conducted using individual behavioral models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Matlabi
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Asgari
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Mousavi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Taylan S, Özkan İ, Adıbelli D. Breast Cancer Perception Scale: Psychometric Development Study. Eur J Breast Health 2021; 17:95-102. [PMID: 33870107 DOI: 10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2020.6088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective The Breast Cancer Perception Scale was developed using a well-supported theory, thought to be associated with breast cancer prevention behaviors. The aim of this study is to develop the Breast Cancer Perception Scale based on the Health Belief Model and conduct psychometric analysis. Materials and Methods The study was conducted with women aged 20 or above with a methodological design. The scale study was conducted with 572 women who were not diagnosed with breast cancer and willing to participate in the study. Results The results of the exploratory factor analysis revealed that the scale is made up of six sub-dimensions (perceived knowledge, perceived treatment belief, the perceived need for a health check, perceived stigma, perceived fear, perceived risk) and 24 items, which explain the 74.36% of the total variance. The model obtained from the confirmatory factor analysis was within the limits of the acceptable fit index and factor loads between 0.655 and 0.998. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of the scale sub-dimensions was determined as 0.815-0.950. Conclusion The overall psychometric evaluation results of the Breast Cancer Perception Scale found it to be a valid and reliable instrument that can be associated with multi-dimensional cases, such as healthy life behaviors in women, breast cancer diagnostic behaviors, family history, traumatic experiences regarding breast cancer, and the level of breast cancer knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seçil Taylan
- Department of Nursing, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - İlknur Özkan
- Department of Nursing, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Derya Adıbelli
- Department of Nursing, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Hajian-Tilaki K, Nikpour M. Accuracy of self-perceived risk perception of breast cancer development in Iranian women. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2021; 21:93. [PMID: 33663481 PMCID: PMC7934235 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01238-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accuracy of subjective risk perception is a matter of concern in breast cancer development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of self-perceived risk assessment of breast cancer development and compared to actual risk in Iranian women. METHODS The demographic, clinical, and reproductive characteristics of 800 women aged 35-85 years were collected with an in-person interview. The self-perceived risk and the actual risk were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) and he Gail model respectively. Gail's cutoff of 1.66% risk was used to categorize the estimated 5-year actual risk as low/average risk (< 1.66%) and high risk (≥ 1.66). In low/average risk, if the self-perceived risk > actual risk, then individuals were considered as overestimating. Similarly, in high-risk women, if the perceived risk < actual risk, then, the subjects were labeled as under-estimate; otherwise, it was labeled as accurate. The Kappa statistics were used to determine the agreement between self-perceived risk and actual risk. ROC analysis was applied to determine the accuracy of self-perceived risk in the prediction of actual risk. RESULTS The perceived risk was significantly higher than actual risk (p = 0.001, 0.01 for 5-year and lifetime risk respectively). Both in low and high-risk groups about half of the women over-estimate and underestimate the risk by subjective risk perception. For a 5-year risk assessment, there was no agreement between perceived risk and actual risk (Kappa = 0.00, p = 0.98) but a very low agreement between them in lifetime risk assessment (Kappa = 0.09, p = 0.005). The performance of accuracy of risk perception versus actual risk was very low (AUC = 0.53, 95% CI 0.44-0.61 and AUC = 0.58, 95% CI 0.54-0.62 for the 5-year risk and lifetime risk respectively). CONCLUSION The clinical performance of risk perception based on VAS is very poor. Thus, the efforts of the public health education program should focus on the correct perception of breast cancer risk among Iranian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karimollah Hajian-Tilaki
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Nikpour
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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Eichenberg C, Grossfurthner M, Andrich J, Hübner L, Kietaibl S, Holocher-Benetka S. The Relationship Between the Implementation of Statutory Preventative Measures, Perceived Susceptibility of COVID-19, and Personality Traits in the Initial Stage of Corona-Related Lockdown: A German and Austrian Population Online Survey. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:596281. [PMID: 33584382 PMCID: PMC7873476 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.596281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Particularly during the early and middle stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, a population's compliance with precautionary measures (e.g., hygiene rules, smart working, travel restrictions, and quarantine) is paramount in preventing the virus from spreading. Objective: The investigation and documentation of different socio-demographic and personality-specific factors in regards to preventative measures and consequent specific health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic, based on the Health Belief Model. Method: An online survey was conducted on N = 3,006 individuals living in Germany and Austria during the early stages of lockdown. The questionnaire consisted of a self-administered section, exploring the dimensions posited in the Health Belief Model: perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers, perceived benefits of health-promoting measures, and engagement in health-promoting behaviors. Additionally, the following standardized scales were used to record personality determinants: the Stress Coping Style Questionnaire SVF 78 to evaluate coping and processing strategies in stressful circumstances, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) to assess the emotional state induced by the coronavirus crisis, the UI-18 scale to diagnose the intolerance of uncertainty, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to assess anxiety. Results: In line with the Health Belief model, four groups were created based on perceived susceptibility and engagement in health-promoting behaviors, and consequently studied in relation to personality determinants. Those four groups differed significantly in regards to almost all personality dimensions (p ≤ 0.005). Group 1 (n = 450) shows a reduced engagement with protective measures and displays underestimation of the COVID-19-pandemic. Group 2 (n = 984) displays many positive personality variables and high compliance with protective measures. Group 3 (n = 468) perceives the subjective risk of disease as high, but high emotional discomfort and stress caused by the protective measures leads to the activation of a complex fear defense. Group 4 (n = 1,004) is highly anxious and therefore compliant. Conclusion: This typification has implications for establishing the appropriate support systems. This is particularly important to encourage compliance with preventive regulations within the groups, which showed poor abidance for several reasons. For Group 1, further education on the realistic threat and efficient protective measures is as central as the fostering of empathy for others; with its resource-conscious exemplary behavior Group 2 could be used as a positive social role model. Group 3 would benefit from promoting self-care, while Group 4 requires information on psychosocial assistance availability in order to mitigate the high stress to which the group members are subjected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Eichenberg
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Psychosomatics, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jeannine Andrich
- Faculty of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Hübner
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Psychosomatics, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sybille Kietaibl
- Faculty of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria.,Evangelical Hospital, Vienna, Austria
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Zhang Z, Yin AT, Bian Y. Willingness to Receive Periodic Health Examination Based on the Health Belief Model Among the Elderly in Rural China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Patient Prefer Adherence 2021; 15:1347-1358. [PMID: 34188452 PMCID: PMC8232960 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s312806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore factors affecting behavioral intention of receiving periodic health examinations (hereafter, BIE) among people aged 60 and over in rural China, namely, Shandong Province, using the extended health belief model (EHBM). PATIENTS AND METHODS Participants were selected using stratified multi-stage random sampling. Three cities were selected based on economic level. Subsequently, three counties and three villages were selected from each sample city and county. Finally, 30 respondents were selected from each sample village. Face-to-face surveys were conducted using a structured questionnaire between March and September 2017. Multiple linear regression was conducted to investigate the association between BIE and eight dimensions of EHBM: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived self-efficacy, cues to action, health knowledge, and social support. RESULTS Of the 509 rural respondents aged 60 years and older, the average score of behavioral intention was 4.43±0.80. Multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated poor BIE among participants who were men, were current smoker, were current drinker, were aged 70 years or over, had lower social support, and perceived lower self-efficacy, less benefits, and more barriers. Among them, barriers were found to have the strongest association with BIE (B'=-0.556; p<0.001). Qualitative interviews revealed that reasons for not receiving periodic health examinations (PHE) included pain, cost, difficulty in finding a health care provider, time and scheduling, potential lack of trust in the physician, and value of the PHE. CONCLUSION This study highlighted the importance of psychological variables in the acceptance of PHE among the elderly in rural China and provided insights for further intervention designs targeting identified groups and performed by general practitioners. Addressing medical mistrust, strengthening, and enhancing one's social support network and health communication channels, such as bulletin boards, may serve to facilitate BIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ai-Tian Yin
- School of Health Care Management, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ying Bian Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Room 2055, N22 Building, Taipa, Macau SAR, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +853-66548926 Email
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Moey SF, Mohamed NC, Lim BC. A path analytic model of health beliefs on the behavioral adoption of breast self-examination. AIMS Public Health 2020; 8:15-31. [PMID: 33575404 PMCID: PMC7870382 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2021002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Malaysia, breast cancer accounted for 34.1% of all female cancer cases with women presenting breast cancer at late stages. Breast cancer has a higher five-year survival rate if detected early. An increase of approximately 30% in the five-year survival rate is indicated if breast cancer is detected at stage III compared to stage IV. Thus, survival rate of breast cancer can be increased by creating awareness and encouraging breast cancer screening amongst women. Breast self-examination (BSE) is highly recommended for breast cancer screening due to its simplicity with no incurred cost. The Health Belief Model is used in this study to explain and predict the adoptive behavior of BSE amongst women in Kuantan, Pahang. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study employed a multi-stage sampling method using a simple proportion formula at 5% type 1 error, p < 0.05 and absolute error at 2% which resulted in a sample of 520 participants. The data for the study was obtained using a validated bilingual self-constructed questionnaire and the model constructed using Mplus software. RESULTS Perceived severity, benefits and barriers were found to significantly influence the behavioral adoption of BSE. Married women aged from 45 to 55 years and knowledge were found to significantly moderate the relationship between perceived benefits and behavioral adoption of BSE. Further, self-efficacy was found as the core construct that mediates the relationship between married women aged 45 to 55 years and the behavioral adoption of BSE. CONCLUSION Self-efficacy is found in the study to influence the behavioral adoption of BSE. This is undeniable as self-efficacy can promote confidence in initiating and maintenance of behavioral change if the perceived change is beneficial at an acceptable cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Foon Moey
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiotherapy, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan Campus, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Norfariha Che Mohamed
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiotherapy, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan Campus, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Bee-Chiu Lim
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan (HTAA), Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
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Moey SF, Mutalib AMA, Mohamed NC, Saidin N. The relationship of socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge of breast cancer on stage of behavioral adoption of breast self-examination. AIMS Public Health 2020; 7:620-633. [PMID: 32968682 PMCID: PMC7505780 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim In Malaysia, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. As such, early diagnosis and screening practices are important to increase the survival rate. Breast self-examination (BSE) is one of the main screening methods for breast cancer. Socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge of breast cancer are amongst the crucial roles in determining women's behavioral adoption in performing BSE. This study aims to assess the relationship of socio-demographic factors and knowledge of breast cancer on the stage of behavioral adoption of BSE among Malaysian women in Kuantan, Pahang. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 520 women from three different government health clinics in Kuantan and IIUM Family Health Clinic from February to April 2018. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire on socio-demographic factors and knowledge of breast cancer and its effect on the behavioral adoption of BSE. Results Significant difference was found between socio-demographic characteristics and behavioral adoption of BSE. However, only breast screening and the best time for screening were found to be significant with the behavioral adoption of BSE and knowledge of breast cancer. Conclusion It is found that most women in Kuantan, Pahang perform BSE but were still unaware of the importance of performing BSE for early breast cancer detection. This study was expected to enhance women's awareness of the benefits of performing BSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Foon Moey
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging & Radiotherapy, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan Campus, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Aaina Mardhiah Abdul Mutalib
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging & Radiotherapy, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan Campus, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Norfariha Che Mohamed
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging & Radiotherapy, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan Campus, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Nursyahirah Saidin
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging & Radiotherapy, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan Campus, Pahang, Malaysia
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