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Kishimoto Y, Saita E, Ohmori R, Kondo K, Momiyama Y. High plasma concentrations of vanin-1 in patients with coronary artery disease. Heart Vessels 2024; 39:10-17. [PMID: 37582951 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-023-02305-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Vanin-1 is a pantetheinase that hydrolyzes pantetheine to pantothenic acid and cysteamine. Vanin-1 has become recognized to be associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. In animal models, vanin-1 was reported to accelerate atherosclerosis. However, no study has reported blood vanin-1 concentrations in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated plasma vanin-1 concentrations in 388 patients undergoing elective coronary angiography for suspected CAD. Patients with acute coronary syndrome were excluded. Of the 388 study patients, CAD was found in 207 patients [1-vessel (1-VD), n = 88; 2-vessel (2-VD), n = 66; and 3-vessel disease (3-VD), n = 53]. Plasma vanin-1 concentrations were higher in patients with CAD than in those without CAD (median 0.59 vs. 0.46 ng/mL, P < 0.005). Vanin-1 concentrations in patients without CAD and those with 1-VD, 2-VD, and 3-VD were 0.46, 0.58, 0.57, and 0.61 ng/mL, respectively, and were highest in 3-VD (P < 0.05). A high vainin-1 concentration (> 0.48 ng/mL) was found in 46% of patients without CAD, 61% of 1-VD, 65% of 2-VD, and 66% of 3-VD (P < 0.01). Vanin-1 concentrations significantly correlated with the number of stenotic coronary segments (r = 0.14, P < 0.02). In the multivariate analysis, vanin-1 concentration was a significant factor associated with CAD independent of atherosclerotic risk factors. The odds ratio for CAD was 1.63 (95%CI = 1.04-2.55) for the high vanin-1 concentration of > 0.48 ng/mL. Thus, plasma vanin-1 concentrations in patients with CAD were found to be high and to be associated with the presence and severity of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Kishimoto
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emi Saita
- Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Reiko Ohmori
- Faculty of Regional Design, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Yukihiko Momiyama
- Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8902, Japan.
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Geng S, Chen D, Wang Y, Yu X, Zuo D, Lv X, Zhou X, Hu C, Yang X, Ma X, Hu W, Xi J, Yu S. Serum levels of Vanin-2 increase with obesity in relation to inflammation of adipose tissue and may be a predictor of bariatric surgery outcomes. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1270435. [PMID: 38156278 PMCID: PMC10753581 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1270435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Excessive obesity can lead to dysfunction in adipose tissue, which contributes to the development of comorbidities associated with obesity, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, among others. Previous research has mainly focused on the Vanin family in systemic inflammatory diseases or predicting its role in tumor prognosis, while neglecting its role as a secretory protein in adipose tissue inflammation and metabolism. The objective of this study was to compare the changes in Vanin-2 levels in the circulating blood of normal and obese individuals, and to assess its correlation with inflammatory factors in vivo. Furthermore, the study aimed to systematically evaluate its effectiveness in human weight loss surgery. Methods Serum concentrations of Vanin-2 and inflammatory indicators were measured in 518 volunteers. Furthermore, the concentrations of Vanin-2 were measured both before and after weight loss through a dietetic program or laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Additionally, we assessed the levels of insulin, adiponectin, and inflammation-related factors. The hormonal profile and changes in body weight were evaluated at baseline and 3 months after surgery. Results Serum levels of Vanin-2 were found to be significantly increased in individuals with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) group (controls 438.98 ± 72.44, OW/OB 530.89 ± 79.39 ug/L; p < 0.001). These increased levels were associated with IL-18, BMI, FAT%, and HOMA-IR. However, levels of Vanin-2 remained unchanged after conventional dietary treatment. On the other hand, weight loss induced by LSG resulted in a significant decrease in Vanin-2 concentrations from 586.44 ± 48.84 to 477.67 ± 30.27 ug/L (p < 0.001), and this decrease was associated with the Vanin-2 concentrations observed before the operation. Conclusion Serum Vanin-2 is a highly effective biomarker for assessing adipose tissue inflammation in obesity and has the potential to serve as a predictor of bariatric surgery outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Geng
- The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingrui Yu
- Institute of Information, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dan Zuo
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinlu Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuelian Zhou
- The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengju Hu
- The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xujue Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Hu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiazhuang Xi
- The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaohong Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Feng Y, Xu S, Guo H, Ren TB, Huan SY, Yuan L, Zhang XB. Vanin-1-Activated Chemiluminescent Probe: Help to Early Diagnosis of Acute Kidney Injury with High Signal-to-Noise Ratio through Urinalysis. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14754-14761. [PMID: 37734030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common medical condition with high morbidity and mortality. Although urinalysis provides a noninvasive and convenient diagnostic method for AKI at the molecular level, the low sensitivity of current chemical probes used in urinalysis hinders the time diagnosis of AKI. Herein, we achieved the sensitive and early diagnosis of AKI by the development of a chemiluminescent probe CL-Pa suitable for detection of urinary Vanin-1. Vanin-1 is considered as an early and sensitive biomarker for AKI, while few chemical probes have been applied to for its efficient detection. By virtue of the low autofluorescence interference during urine imaging in the chemiluminescence model, CL-Pa could realize the monitoring of the up-regulated urinary Vanin-1 with a high signal-to-noise ratio (∼588). Importantly, under the help of CL-Pa, the up-regulation of urinary Vanin-1 of cisplatin-induced AKI mice at 12 h post cisplatin injection was detected, which was much earlier than clinical biomarkers (sCr and BUN) and change of kidney histology (48 h post cisplatin injection). Furthermore, using this probe, the fluctuation of urinary Vanin-1 of mice with different degrees of AKI was monitored. This study demonstrated the ability of CL-Pa in sensitively detecting drug-induced AKI through urinalysis and suggested the great potential of CL-Pa for early diagnosis of AKI and evaluate the efficiency of anti-AKI drugs clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Feng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Xu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Haowei Guo
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Bing Ren
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shuang-Yan Huan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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Garcia NA, Mellergaard M, Gonzalez-King H, Salomon C, Handberg A. Comprehensive Strategy for Identifying Extracellular Vesicle Surface Proteins as Biomarkers for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13326. [PMID: 37686134 PMCID: PMC10487973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver disorder that has become a global health concern due to its increasing prevalence. There is a need for reliable biomarkers to aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of NAFLD. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising candidates in biomarker discovery, as they carry proteins that reflect the pathophysiological state of the liver. In this review, we developed a list of EV proteins that could be used as diagnostic biomarkers for NAFLD. We employed a multi-step strategy that involved reviewing and comparing various sources of information. Firstly, we reviewed papers that have studied EVs proteins as biomarkers in NAFLD and papers that have studied circulating proteins as biomarkers in NAFLD. To further identify potential candidates, we utilized the EV database Vesiclepedia.org to qualify each protein. Finally, we consulted the Human Protein Atlas to search for candidates' localization, focusing on membrane proteins. By integrating these sources of information, we developed a comprehensive list of potential EVs membrane protein biomarkers that could aid in diagnosing and monitoring NAFLD. In conclusion, our multi-step strategy for identifying EV-based protein biomarkers for NAFLD provides a comprehensive approach that can also be applied to other diseases. The protein candidates identified through this approach could have significant implications for the development of non-invasive diagnostic tests for NAFLD and improve the management and treatment of this prevalent liver disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maiken Mellergaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg Hobrovej 18-22, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Hernan Gonzalez-King
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Aase Handberg
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg Hobrovej 18-22, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
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Mosaad YO, Hussein MA, Ateyya H, Mohamed AH, Ali AA, Ramadan Youssuf A, Wink M, El-Kholy AA. Vanin 1 Gene Role in Modulation of iNOS/MCP-1/TGF-β1 Signaling Pathway in Obese Diabetic Patients. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:6745-6759. [PMID: 36540060 PMCID: PMC9760040 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s386506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cysteamine, a powerful endogenous antioxidant, is produced mostly by the vanin-1 with pantetheinase activity. With regard to glycemic, inflammatory, and redox factors, the current study sought to evaluate the association between the expression of the vanin-1 gene, oxidative stress, and inflammatory and iNOS signaling pathway in obese diabetic patients. METHODS We enrolled 67 male subjects with an average age of 53.5 ± 5.0 years, divided into 4 groups according to the WHO guideline. We determined their plasma levels of glucose, insulin, IRI, HbA1c, TC, TG, HDL-C, TNF- α, MCP-1, TGF-β1, SOD, CAT, and TBARs, as well as expression of the iNOS and Vanin1 genes. RESULTS Overweight and obese class I and II diabetics had significantly higher levels of plasma glucose, insulin, HbA1c, TNF-α, MCP-1, TGF-β1, CAT, and TBAR as well as iNOS and vanin-1 gene expression compared to healthy control individuals. In addition, as compared to healthy control individuals, overweight obese class I and II diabetics' plasma HDL-C levels and blood SOD activity were significantly lower. In addition, ultrasound and computed tomography showed that the presence of a mild obscuring fatty liver with mild hepatic echogenicity appeared in overweight, class I and II obese diabetic patients. CONCLUSION These findings provide important information for understanding the correlation between Vanin 1 and glycemic, inflammatory, and redox factors in obese patients. Furthermore, US and CT analysis were performed to visualize the observed images of fatty liver due to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser O Mosaad
- Department of Pharmacy, Practice & Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Abdalla Hussein
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Health Science, October 6th University, October 6th City, Egypt
| | - Hayam Ateyya
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Mohamed
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, October 6th University, October 6th City, Egypt
| | - Ali A Ali
- Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa Ramadan Youssuf
- Consultant and Head of Cardiology Department, AL-AHRAR Teaching Hospital, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Michael Wink
- Heidelberg University, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amal A El-Kholy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Nawaz MZ, Attique SA, Ain QU, Alghamdi HA, Bilal M, Yan W, Zhu D. Discovery and characterization of dual inhibitors of human Vanin-1 and Vanin-2 enzymes through molecular docking and dynamic simulation-based approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:1088-1097. [PMID: 35697166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The vanins are ectoenzymes with pantetheinase activity and are involved in recycling pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) from pantetheine. Elevated levels of vanin have been linked with the development and severity of several diseases, including steatosis, diabetes, skin diseases, cancer, inflammatory diseases etc. Therefore, vanins have previously been used as a potential drug target to combat related diseases. In this study, we used a molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation-based approach to screen dual inhibitors of hVnn1, and hVnn2 from a library of 120 chemical candidates. Molecular docking of drug candidates with hVnn1, and hVnn2 using GOLD and MOE revealed that the chemical compound "methotrexate (CID: 126941)" has the highest binding affinity against both the target enzymes which was further validated through molecular dynamic simulation. Toxicity profiling of drug candidates evaluated using Lipinski's rule of five and Molsoft tool, and AdmetSar 2.0 confirms the drug suitability of methotrexate, therefore, suggesting its use as a potential therapeutic agent to inhibit the activity of vainin enzyme in related disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zohaib Nawaz
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Department of Computer Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Syed Awais Attique
- Department of Computer Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Qurat-Ul Ain
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Huda Ahmed Alghamdi
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China.
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Marine Science, College of Marine Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Daochen Zhu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
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Miyachi Y, Akiyama K, Tsukuda Y, Kumrungsee T, Yanaka N. Liver choline metabolism and gene expression in choline-deficient mice offspring differ with gender. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:447-451. [PMID: 33604639 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Choline is an important nutrient during pregnancy and lactation. Maternal choline deficiency in CD-1 mice lowers liver betaine levels in male offspring. By contrast, it increases elovl3 and vanin-1 mRNA levels in female offspring. Taken together, these observations suggest gender-specific responses to a choline-deficient diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukino Miyachi
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kei Akiyama
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Tsukuda
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Noriyuki Yanaka
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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8
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Zembroski AS, Buhman KK, Aryal UK. Proteome and phosphoproteome characterization of liver in the postprandial state from diet-induced obese and lean mice. J Proteomics 2020; 232:104072. [PMID: 33309929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A metabolic consequence of obesity is hepatosteatosis, which can develop into more serious diseases in the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) spectrum. The goal of this study was to identify the protein signature of liver in the postprandial state in obesity compared to leanness. The postprandial state is of interest due to the central role of the liver in regulating macronutrient and energy homeostasis during the fed-fast cycle and lack of previously reported controlled studies in the postprandial state. Therefore, we assessed the proteome and phosphoproteome of liver in the postprandial state from diet-induced obese (DIO) and lean mice using untargeted LC-MS/MS analysis. We identified significant alterations in the levels of proteins involved in fatty acid oxidation, activation, and transport, as well as proteins involved in energy metabolism including ketogenesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and electron transport chain in liver of DIO compared to lean mice. Additionally, phosphorylated proteins in liver of DIO and lean mice reflect possible regulatory mechanisms controlling fatty acid metabolism and gene expression that may contribute to hepatic metabolic alterations in obesity. Our data indicates PPARα-mediated transcriptional regulation of lipid metabolism and adaptation to hepatic lipid overload. The results of this study expand our knowledge of the molecular changes that occur in liver in the postprandial state in obesity compared to leanness. SIGNIFICANCE: Proteome and phosphoproteome studies of liver in a controlled postprandial state in obesity and leanness are lacking; however, this information is crucial to understanding how obesity-associated hepatosteatosis influences postprandial nutrient and energy metabolism. In this global shotgun proteome and phosphoproteome analysis, we identified unique protein signatures defining obesity and leanness in liver in the postprandial state and identified potential mechanisms contributing to hepatic metabolic alterations in obesity. The results of this study provide a foundation to focus future experiments on the contribution of altered protein and phosphorylation patterns to postprandial metabolism in obesity-associated hepatosteatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa S Zembroski
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Kimberly K Buhman
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Uma K Aryal
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA..
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9
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Bartucci R, Salvati A, Olinga P, Boersma YL. Vanin 1: Its Physiological Function and Role in Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3891. [PMID: 31404995 PMCID: PMC6719204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme vascular non-inflammatory molecule-1 (vanin 1) is highly expressed at gene and protein level in many organs, such as the liver, intestine, and kidney. Its major function is related to its pantetheinase activity; vanin 1 breaks down pantetheine in cysteamine and pantothenic acid, a precursor of coenzyme A. Indeed, its physiological role seems strictly related to coenzyme A metabolism, lipid metabolism, and energy production. In recent years, many studies have elucidated the role of vanin 1 under physiological conditions in relation to oxidative stress and inflammation. Vanin's enzymatic activity was found to be of key importance in certain diseases, either for its protective effect or as a sensitizer, depending on the diseased organ. In this review, we discuss the role of vanin 1 in the liver, kidney, intestine, and lung under physiological as well as pathophysiological conditions. Thus, we provide a more complete understanding and overview of its complex function and contribution to some specific pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bartucci
- Division of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Division of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Salvati
- Division of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter Olinga
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ykelien L Boersma
- Division of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Dissecting Flavivirus Biology in Salivary Gland Cultures from Fed and Unfed Ixodes scapularis (Black-Legged Tick). mBio 2019; 10:mBio.02628-18. [PMID: 30696737 PMCID: PMC6355982 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02628-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne flaviviruses (TBFVs) are responsible for more than 15,000 human disease cases each year, and Powassan virus lineage 2 (POWV-L2) deer tick virus has been a reemerging threat in North America over the past 20 years. Rapid transmission of TBFVs in particular emphasizes the importance of preventing tick bites, the difficulty in developing countermeasures to prevent transmission, and the importance of understanding TBFV infection in tick salivary glands (SGs). Tick blood feeding is responsible for phenomenal physiological changes and is associated with changes in TBFV multiplication within the tick and in SGs. Using SG cultures from Ixodes scapularis female ticks, the primary aims of this study were to identify cellular localization of virus-like particles in acini of infected SGs from fed and unfed ticks, localization of TBFV infection in infected SGs from fed ticks, and a tick transcript (with associated metabolic function) involved in POWV-L2 infection in SG cultures. The Ixodes scapularis tick transmits a number of pathogens, including tick-borne flaviviruses (TBFVs). In the United States, confirmed human infections with the Powassan virus (POWV) TBFV have a fatality rate of ∼10% and are increasing in incidence. Tick salivary glands (SGs) serve as an organ barrier to TBFV transmission, and little is known regarding the location of TBFV infection in SGs from fed ticks. Previous studies showed I. scapularis vanin (VNN) involved with TBFV infection of I. scapularis ISE6 embryonic cells, suggesting a potential role for this gene. The overall goal of this study was to use SG cultures to compare data on TBFV biology in SGs from fully engorged, replete (fed) ticks and from unfed ticks. TBFV multiplication was higher in SGs from fed ticks than in those from unfed ticks. Virus-like particles were observed only in granular acini of SGs from unfed ticks. The location of TBFV infection of SGs from fed ticks was observed in cells lining lobular ducts and trachea but not observed in acini. Transcript knockdown of VNN decreased POWV multiplication in infected SG cultures from both fed and unfed ticks. This work was the first to identify localization of TBFV multiplication in SG cultures from a fed tick and a tick transcript important for POWV multiplication in the tick SG, an organ critical for TBFV transmission. This research exemplifies the use of SG cultures in deciphering TBFV biology in the tick and as a translational tool for screening and identifying potential tick genes as potential countermeasure targets.
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11
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Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of vanin-1 activity in animal models of type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21906. [PMID: 26932716 PMCID: PMC4773925 DOI: 10.1038/srep21906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanins are enzymes that convert pantetheine to pantothenic acid (vitamin B5). Insights into the function of vanins have evolved lately, indicating vanin-1 to play a role in inflammation, oxidative stress and cell migration. Moreover, vanin-1 has recently gained attention as a novel modulator of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. In the present study, we investigated the role of vanin-1 in the development of hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in animal models of obesity and diabetes. In addition, we evaluated the potency of RR6, a novel pharmacological vanin-1 inhibitor, as an anti-diabetic drug. Increased vanin activity was observed in plasma and liver of high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice, as well as ZDF-diabetic rats. Ablation of vanin-1 (Vnn1−/− mice) mildly improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in HFD-fed mice, but had no effects on body weight, hepatic steatosis or circulating lipid levels. Oral administration of RR6 for 8 days completely inhibited plasma vanin activity, but did not affect hepatic glucose production, insulin sensitivity or hepatic steatosis in ZDF-diabetes rats. In conclusion, absence of vanin-1 activity improves insulin sensitivity in HFD-fed animals, yet short-term inhibition of vanin activity may have limited value as an anti-diabetic strategy.
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van Diepen JA, Jansen PA, Ballak DB, Hijmans A, Hooiveld GJ, Rommelaere S, Galland F, Naquet P, Rutjes FPJT, Mensink RP, Schrauwen P, Tack CJ, Netea MG, Kersten S, Schalkwijk J, Stienstra R. PPAR-alpha dependent regulation of vanin-1 mediates hepatic lipid metabolism. J Hepatol 2014; 61:366-72. [PMID: 24751833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is a key regulator of hepatic fat oxidation that serves as an energy source during starvation. Vanin-1 has been described as a putative PPARα target gene in liver, but its function in hepatic lipid metabolism is unknown. METHODS We investigated the regulation of vanin-1, and total vanin activity, by PPARα in mice and humans. Furthermore, the function of vanin-1 in the development of hepatic steatosis in response to starvation was examined in Vnn1 deficient mice, and in rats treated with an inhibitor of vanin activity. RESULTS Liver microarray analyses reveals that Vnn1 is the most prominently regulated gene after modulation of PPARα activity. In addition, activation of mouse PPARα regulates hepatic- and plasma vanin activity. In humans, consistent with regulation by PPARα, plasma vanin activity increases in all subjects after prolonged fasting, as well as after treatment with the PPARα agonist fenofibrate. In mice, absence of vanin-1 exacerbates the fasting-induced increase in hepatic triglyceride levels. Similarly, inhibition of vanin activity in rats induces accumulation of hepatic triglycerides upon fasting. Microarray analysis reveal that the absence of vanin-1 associates with gene sets involved in liver steatosis, and reduces pathways involved in oxidative stress and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS We show that hepatic vanin-1 is under extremely sensitive regulation by PPARα and that plasma vanin activity could serve as a readout of changes in PPARα activity in human subjects. In addition, our data propose a role for vanin-1 in regulation of hepatic TG levels during fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna A van Diepen
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Patrick A Jansen
- Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dov B Ballak
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke Hijmans
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Guido J Hooiveld
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Samuel Rommelaere
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University, UM2, Marseille, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1104, Marseille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Franck Galland
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University, UM2, Marseille, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1104, Marseille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Naquet
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University, UM2, Marseille, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1104, Marseille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Floris P J T Rutjes
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P Mensink
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Cees J Tack
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Schalkwijk
- Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rinke Stienstra
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Sayasith K, Sirois J, Lussier JG. Expression, regulation, and promoter activation of vanin-2 (VNN2) in bovine follicles prior to ovulation. Biol Reprod 2013; 89:98. [PMID: 24006283 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.111849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanin-2 (VNN2) is known to be involved in inflammation and leukocyte migration, but its regulation in follicles remains unknown. The objectives of this work were to study the regulation of VNN2 transcripts in bovine follicles prior to ovulation and to characterize the control of its expression in bovine granulosa cells. VNN2 expression was studied using total RNA extracted from granulosa cells of small follicles (2-4 mm in diameter), dominant follicles obtained on Day 5 of the estrous cycle, ovulatory follicles obtained 0-24 h after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and corpora lutea on Day 5 of the cycle. The results from RT-PCR analyses showed that levels of VNN2 mRNA were high in ovulatory follicles 24 h post-hCG but low in the other tissues. In ovulatory follicles, levels of VNN2 mRNA were low at 0 h but significantly up-regulated 12-24 h post-hCG. To determine factors controlling VNN2 gene expression, established primary cultures of granulosa cells isolated from bovine dominant follicles were used. Treatment with forskolin elevated VNN2 mRNA expression as observed in vivo. Mutation studies identified the minimal region conferring basal and forskolin-stimulated VNN2 promoter activities, which were dependent on chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor (COUP-TF), GATA, and Ebox cis-elements. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays identified COUP-TF, GATA4, and upstream stimulating factor proteins as key factors interacting with these elements. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed basal and forskolin-induced interactions between these proteins and the VNN2 promoter in bovine granulosa cell cultures. VNN2 promoter activity and mRNA expression were markedly stimulated by forskolin and overexpression of the catalytic subunit of PKA, but inhibited by PKA and ERK1/2 inhibitors. Collectively, the findings from this study describe for the first time the gonadotropin/forskolin-dependent up-regulation of VNN2 transcripts in granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles and provide insights into some of the molecular bases of VNN2 gene expression in follicular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khampoun Sayasith
- Centre de recherche en reproduction animale and the département de biomedicine vétérinaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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