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Gao J, Zhang L, Zhao D, Lu X, Sun Q, Du H, Yang H, Lu K. Aspergillus oryzae β-D-galactosidase immobilization on glutaraldehyde pre-activated amino-functionalized magnetic mesoporous silica: Performance, characteristics, and application in the preparation of sesaminol. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132101. [PMID: 38734354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Aspergillus oryzae β-D-galactosidase (β-Gal) efficiently hydrolyzes sesaminol triglucoside into sesaminol, which has higher biological activity. However, β-Gal is difficult to be separate from the reaction mixture and limited by stability. To resolve these problems, β-Gal was immobilized on amino-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles mesoporous silica pre-activated with glutaraldehyde (Fe3O4@mSiO2-β-Gal), which was used for the first time to prepare sesaminol. Under the optimal conditions, the immobilization yield and recovered activity of β-Gal were 57.9 ± 0.3 % and 46.5 ± 0.9 %, and the enzymatic loading was 843 ± 21 Uenzyme/gsupport. The construction of Fe3O4@mSiO2-β-Gal was confirmed by various characterization methods, and the results indicated it was suitable for heterogeneous enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Fe3O4@mSiO2-β-Gal was readily separable under magnetic action and displayed improved activity in extreme pH and temperature conditions. After 45 days of storage at 4 °C, the activity of Fe3O4@mSiO2-β-Gal remained at 92.3 ± 2.8 %, which was 1.29 times than that of free enzyme, and its activity remained above 85 % after 10 cycles. Fe3O4@mSiO2-β-Gal displayed higher affinity and catalytic efficiency. The half-life was 1.41 longer than free enzymes at 55.0 °C. Fe3O4@mSiO2-β-Gal was employed as a catalyst to prepare sesaminol, achieving a 96.7 % conversion yield of sesaminol. The excellent stability and catalytic efficiency provide broad benefits and potential for biocatalytic industry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450044, China; Research Center for Agricultural and Sideline Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450044, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Food Science, Zhengzhou University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450044, China
| | - Dongxin Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Research Center for Agricultural and Sideline Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450044, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Research Center for Agricultural and Sideline Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450044, China
| | - Heng Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450044, China
| | - Hongyan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450044, China
| | - Kui Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450044, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Food Science, Zhengzhou University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450044, China.
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Dayi D, Eschenhagen U, Seidinger H, Schneider H, Schmidt MS. p-Phenylene Diisothiocyanate-Based Covalent Immobilization of β-d-Galactosidase and Determination of Enzyme Activity by Cleavage of X-Gal and ONPG on Solid Support. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27585-27596. [PMID: 37546597 PMCID: PMC10399185 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present the immobilization of a technical grade β-d-galactosidase on amino-functionalized microtiter plates. Afterward, we transferred the results to a resin-based approach. For the covalent binding of the enzyme, an amino-functionalized microtiter plate was prefunctionalized with 1,4-phenylendiisothiocyanate. The cleavage of the substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-β-d-galactopyranoside (X-Gal) produces a deep blue dye, which was quantified in a microtiter plate reader at 595 nm. The maximum reaction rates and the Michaelis-Menten constant were calculated. In addition, the unwanted blue precipitate formed during the experiments could be minimized by optimizing the experiments. When transferring the immobilization method to Rink amide resin, o-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside was used as the substrate and the measurement was carried out in a photometer at 420 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defne
I. Dayi
- Medical
and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University
of Applied Sciences, Campus Villingen-Schwenningen, Jacob-Kienzle-Straße 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Ursula Eschenhagen
- Medical
and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University
of Applied Sciences, Campus Villingen-Schwenningen, Jacob-Kienzle-Straße 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
- Institute
of Applied Biology, University Pilot Plant/Technical Center, Medical
and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University
of Applied Sciences, Campus Villingen-Schwenningen, Jacob-Kienzle-Straße 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Henrike Seidinger
- Medical
and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University
of Applied Sciences, Campus Villingen-Schwenningen, Jacob-Kienzle-Straße 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Holger Schneider
- Medical
and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University
of Applied Sciences, Campus Villingen-Schwenningen, Jacob-Kienzle-Straße 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
- Institute
of Applied Biology, University Pilot Plant/Technical Center, Medical
and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University
of Applied Sciences, Campus Villingen-Schwenningen, Jacob-Kienzle-Straße 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Magnus S. Schmidt
- Medical
and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University
of Applied Sciences, Campus Villingen-Schwenningen, Jacob-Kienzle-Straße 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
- Institute
of Precision Medicine, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry Lab, Furtwangen University of Applied Sciences, Campus Villingen-Schwenningen, Jacob-Kienzle-Straße
17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
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Poladyan A, Trchounian K, Paloyan A, Minasyan E, Aghekyan H, Iskandaryan M, Khoyetsyan L, Aghayan S, Tsaturyan A, Antranikian G. Valorization of whey-based side streams for microbial biomass, molecular hydrogen, and hydrogenase production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12609-x. [PMID: 37289241 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12609-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Side streams of the dairy industry are a suitable nutrient source for cultivating microorganisms, producing enzymes, and high-value chemical compounds. The heterotrophic Escherichia coli and chemolithoautotroph Ralstonia eutropha are of major biotechnological interest. R. eutropha is a model organism for producing O2-tolerant [NiFe]-hydrogenases (Hyds) (biocatalysts), and E. coli has found widespread use as an expression platform for producing recombinant proteins, molecular hydrogen (H2), and other valuable products. Aiming at developing suitable cultivation media from side streams of the dairy industry, the pre-treatment (filtration, dilution, and pH adjustment) of cheese (sweet) whey (SW) and curd (acid) whey (AW), with and without the use of ß-glucosidase, has been performed. Growth parameters (oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), pH changes, specific growth rate, biomass formation) of E. coli BW25113 and R. eutropha H16 type strains were monitored during cultivation on filtered and non-filtered SW and AW at 37 °C, pH 7.5 and 30 °C, pH 7.0, respectively. Along with microbial growth, measurements of pH and ORP indicated good fermentative growth. Compared to growth on fructose-nitrogen minimal salt medium (control), a maximum cell yield (OD600 4.0) and H2-oxidizing Hyd activity were achieved in the stationary growth phase for R. eutropha. Hyd-3-dependent H2 production by E. coli utilizing whey as a growth substrate was demonstrated. Moreover, good biomass production and prolonged H2 yields of ~ 5 mmol/L and cumulative H2 ~ 94 mL g/L dry whey (DW) (ß-glucosidase-treated) were observed during the cultivation of the engineered E. coli strain. These results open new avenues for effective whey treatment using thermostable β-glucosidase and confirm whey as an economically viable commodity for biomass and biocatalyst production. KEY POINTS: • Archaeal thermostable β-glucosidase isolated from the metagenome of a hydrothermal spring was used for lactose hydrolysis in whey. • Hydrogenase enzyme activity was induced during the growth of Ralstonia eutropha H16 on whey. • Enhanced biomass and H2 production was shown in a genetically modified strain of Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Poladyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia, 1 A. Manoukian Str, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia.
- Research Institute of Biology, Biology Faculty, Yerevan State University, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Karen Trchounian
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia, 1 A. Manoukian Str, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
- Research Institute of Biology, Biology Faculty, Yerevan State University, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Ani Paloyan
- SPC "Armbiotechnology" NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Ela Minasyan
- Institute of Pharmacy, Yerevan State University, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Hayarpi Aghekyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia, 1 A. Manoukian Str, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
- Research Institute of Biology, Biology Faculty, Yerevan State University, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Meri Iskandaryan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia, 1 A. Manoukian Str, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
- Research Institute of Biology, Biology Faculty, Yerevan State University, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Sargis Aghayan
- Research Institute of Biology, Biology Faculty, Yerevan State University, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Avetis Tsaturyan
- SPC "Armbiotechnology" NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
- Institute of Pharmacy, Yerevan State University, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Garabed Antranikian
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Technical Biocatalysis, Hamburg, Germany
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A Review on Psychrophilic β-D-Galactosidases and Their Potential Applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:2743-2766. [PMID: 36422804 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04215-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The majority of the Earth's ecosystem is frigid and frozen, which permits a vast range of microbial life forms to thrive by triggering physiological responses that allow them to survive in cold and frozen settings. The apparent biotechnology value of these cold-adapted enzymes has been targeted. Enzymes' market size was around USD 6.3 billion in 2017 and will witness growth at around 6.8% CAGR up to 2024 owing to shifting consumer preferences towards packaged and processed foods due to the rising awareness pertaining to food safety and security reported by Global Market Insights (Report ID-GMI 743). Various firms are looking for innovative psychrophilic enzymes in order to construct more effective biochemical pathways with shorter reaction times, use less energy, and are ecologically acceptable. D-Galactosidase catalyzes the hydrolysis of the glycosidic oxygen link between the terminal non-reducing D-galactoside unit and the glycoside molecule. At refrigerated temperature, the stable structure of psychrophile enzymes adjusts for the reduced kinetic energy. It may be beneficial in a wide variety of activities such as pasteurization of food, conversion of biomass, biological role of biomolecules, ambient biosensors, and phytoremediation. Recently, psychrophile enzymes are also used in claning the contact lens. β-D-Galactosidases have been identified and extracted from yeasts, fungi, bacteria, and plants. Conventional (hydrolyzing activity) and nonconventional (non-hydrolytic activity) applications are available for these enzymes due to its transgalactosylation activity which produce high value-added oligosaccharides. This review content will offer new perspectives on cold-active β-galactosidases, their source, structure, stability, and application.
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Singh RV, Sambyal K. β-galactosidase as an industrial enzyme: production and potential. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian R. James
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Mirsalami SM, Alihosseini A. Selection of the most effective kinetic model of lactase hydrolysis by immobilized Aspergillus niger and free β-galactosidase. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Recombinant Technologies to Improve Ruminant Production Systems: The Past, Present and Future. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8121633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of recombinant technologies has been proposed as an alternative to improve livestock production systems for more than 25 years. However, its effects on animal health and performance have not been described. Thus, understanding the use of recombinant technology could help to improve public acceptance. The objective of this review is to describe the effects of recombinant technologies and proteins on the performance, health status, and rumen fermentation of meat and milk ruminants. The heterologous expression and purification of proteins mainly include eukaryotic and prokaryotic systems like Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris. Recombinant hormones have been commercially available since 1992, their effects remarkably improving both the reproductive and productive performance of animals. More recently the use of recombinant antigens and immune cells have proven to be effective in increasing meat and milk production in ruminant production systems. Likewise, the use of recombinant vaccines could help to reduce drug resistance developed by parasites and improve animal health. Recombinant enzymes and probiotics could help to enhance rumen fermentation and animal efficiency. Likewise, the use of recombinant technologies has been extended to the food industry as a strategy to enhance the organoleptic properties of animal-food sources, reduce food waste and mitigate the environmental impact. Despite these promising results, many of these recombinant technologies are still highly experimental. Thus, the feasibility of these technologies should be carefully addressed before implementation. Alternatively, the use of transgenic animals and the development of genome editing technology has expanded the frontiers in science and research. However, their use and implementation depend on complex policies and regulations that are still under development.
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Ureta MM, Martins GN, Figueira O, Pires PF, Castilho PC, Gomez-Zavaglia A. Recent advances in β-galactosidase and fructosyltransferase immobilization technology. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2659-2690. [PMID: 32590905 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1783639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The highly demanding conditions of industrial processes may lower the stability and affect the activity of enzymes used as biocatalysts. Enzyme immobilization emerged as an approach to promote stabilization and easy removal of enzymes for their reusability. The aim of this review is to go through the principal immobilization strategies addressed to achieve optimal industrial processes with special care on those reported for two types of enzymes: β-galactosidases and fructosyltransferases. The main methods used to immobilize these two enzymes are adsorption, entrapment, covalent coupling and cross-linking or aggregation (no support is used), all of them having pros and cons. Regarding the support, it should be cost-effective, assure the reusability and an easy recovery of the enzyme, increasing its stability and durability. The discussion provided showed that the type of enzyme, its origin, its purity, together with the type of immobilization method and the support will affect the performance during the enzymatic synthesis. Enzymes' immobilization involves interdisciplinary knowledge including enzymology, nanotechnology, molecular dynamics, cellular physiology and process design. The increasing availability of facilities has opened a variety of possibilities to define strategies to optimize the activity and re-usability of β-galactosidases and fructosyltransferases, but there is still great place for innovative developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Micaela Ureta
- Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA, CCT-CONICET La Plata), La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Onofre Figueira
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Pedro Filipe Pires
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | | | - Andrea Gomez-Zavaglia
- Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA, CCT-CONICET La Plata), La Plata, Argentina
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Bhavaniramya S, Vanajothi R, Vishnupriya S, Premkumar K, Al-Aboody MS, Vijayakumar R, Baskaran D. Enzyme Immobilization on Nanomaterials for Biosensor and Biocatalyst in Food and Biomedical Industry. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2661-2676. [PMID: 31309885 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190712181403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes exhibit a great catalytic activity for several physiological processes. Utilization of immobilized enzymes has a great potential in several food industries due to their excellent functional properties, simple processing and cost effectiveness during the past decades. Though they have several applications, they still exhibit some challenges. To overcome the challenges, nanoparticles with their unique physicochemical properties act as very attractive carriers for enzyme immobilization. The enzyme immobilization method is not only widely used in the food industry but is also a component methodology in the pharmaceutical industry. Compared to the free enzymes, immobilized forms are more robust and resistant to environmental changes. In this method, the mobility of enzymes is artificially restricted to changing their structure and properties. Due to their sensitive nature, the classical immobilization methods are still limited as a result of the reduction of enzyme activity. In order to improve the enzyme activity and their properties, nanomaterials are used as a carrier for enzyme immobilization. Recently, much attention has been directed towards the research on the potentiality of the immobilized enzymes in the food industry. Hence, the present review emphasizes the different types of immobilization methods that is presently used in the food industry and other applications. Various types of nanomaterials such as nanofibers, nanoflowers and magnetic nanoparticles are significantly used as a support material in the immobilization methods. However, several numbers of immobilized enzymes are used in the food industries to improve the processing methods which not only reduce the production cost but also the effluents from the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundaresan Bhavaniramya
- College of Food and Dairy Technology, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University, Chennai-600052, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramar Vanajothi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bharathidasan University, Trichy-620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvaraju Vishnupriya
- College of Food and Dairy Technology, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University, Chennai-600052, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumpati Premkumar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bharathidasan University, Trichy-620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammad S Al-Aboody
- Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajendran Vijayakumar
- Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dharmar Baskaran
- College of Food and Dairy Technology, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University, Chennai-600052, Tamil Nadu, India
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Arsalan A, Alam MF, Farheen Zofair SF, Ahmad S, Younus H. Immobilization of β-galactosidase on tannic acid stabilized silver nanoparticles: A safer way towards its industrial application. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 226:117637. [PMID: 31606677 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, β-galactosidase has been immobilized on tannic acid stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Tannic acid is a phytochemical and it is advantageous to use it as a linker molecule for immobilization because of its antidiarrheal and antimicrobial properties, and very low toxicity. AgNPs with immobilized β-galactosidase were characterized for particle size and catalytic properties. The AgNPs consisted of almost monodispersed particles of average diameter of ∼20 nm. β-galactosidase immobilized on tannic acid stabilized AgNPs (83.6% Immobilization yield) exhibited good activity with a high enzyme to carrier ratio as compared to the previous reports. Immobilization did not affect the optimum pH (pH 4.5) of the enzyme, however it retained greater fraction of activity in both alkaline and acidic pH range. The immobilized enzyme exhibited greater fraction of activity at higher temperatures as compared to the soluble enzyme, and its optimum temperature increased by 5 °C. The immobilized enzyme retained almost 60% of its activity after 10th successive use. The immobilized enzyme hydrolyzed 258 and 474 μM lactose from 1% lactose and from milk lactose, respectively, whereas the soluble enzyme hydrolyzed 235 and 424 μM lactose from 1% lactose and from milk lactose, respectively. Excellent activity and stability of β-galactosidase immobilized on AgNPs provides a cost-effective industrial application of this enzyme. β-galactosidase immobilized on tannic acid stabilized AgNPs are free from toxicity hazards of the linker molecules. Hence, it may find constructive enzyme based applications in food technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Arsalan
- Enzymology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Md Fazle Alam
- Enzymology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Syeda Fauzia Farheen Zofair
- Enzymology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Sumbul Ahmad
- Enzymology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Hina Younus
- Enzymology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Yushkova ED, Nazarova EA, Matyuhina AV, Noskova AO, Shavronskaya DO, Vinogradov VV, Skvortsova NN, Krivoshapkina EF. Application of Immobilized Enzymes in Food Industry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11553-11567. [PMID: 31553885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are macromolecular biocatalysts, widely used in food industry. In applications, enzymes are often immobilized on inert and insoluble carriers, which increase their efficiency due to multiple reusability. The properties of immobilized enzymes depend on the immobilization method and the carrier type. The choice of the carrier usually concerns the biocompatibility, chemical and thermal stability, insolubility under reaction conditions, capability of easy regeneration and reusability, as well as cost efficiency. In this review, we provide an overview of various carriers for enzyme immobilization, with the primary focus on food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina D Yushkova
- ITMO University , Lomonosova Street 9 , 191002 St. Petersburg , Russian Federation
| | - Elena A Nazarova
- ITMO University , Lomonosova Street 9 , 191002 St. Petersburg , Russian Federation
| | - Anna V Matyuhina
- ITMO University , Lomonosova Street 9 , 191002 St. Petersburg , Russian Federation
| | - Alina O Noskova
- ITMO University , Lomonosova Street 9 , 191002 St. Petersburg , Russian Federation
| | - Darya O Shavronskaya
- ITMO University , Lomonosova Street 9 , 191002 St. Petersburg , Russian Federation
| | | | - Natalia N Skvortsova
- ITMO University , Lomonosova Street 9 , 191002 St. Petersburg , Russian Federation
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Yuan L, Sadiq FA, Liu TJ, Li Y, Gu JS, Yang HY, He GQ. Spoilage potential of psychrotrophic bacteria isolated from raw milk and the thermo-stability of their enzymes. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 19:630-642. [PMID: 30070086 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1700352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The storage and transportation of raw milk at low temperatures promote the growth of psychrotrophic bacteria and the production of thermo-stable enzymes, which pose great threats to the quality and shelf-life of dairy products. Though many studies have been carried out on the spoilage potential of psychrotrophic bacteria and the thermo-stabilities of the enzymes they produce, further detailed studies are needed to devise an effective strategy to avoid dairy spoilage. The purpose of this study was to explore the spoilage potential of psychrotrophic bacteria from Chinese raw milk samples at both room temperature (28 °C) and refrigerated temperature (7 °C). Species of Yersinia, Pseudomonas, Serratia, and Chryseobacterium showed high proteolytic activity. The highest proteolytic activity was shown by Yersinia intermedia followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens (d). Lipolytic activity was high in isolates of Acinetobacter, and the highest in Acinetobacter guillouiae. Certain isolates showed positive β-galactosidase and phospholipase activity. Strains belonging to the same species sometimes showed markedly different phenotypic characteristics. Proteases and lipases produced by psychrotrophic bacteria retained activity after heat treatment at 70, 80, or 90 °C, and proteases appeared to be more heat-stable than lipases. For these reasons, thermo-stable spoilage enzymes produced by a high number of psychrotrophic bacterial isolates from raw milk are of major concern to the dairy industry. The results of this study provide valuable data about the spoilage potential of bacterial strains in raw milk and the thermal resistance of the enzymes they produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yuan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Faizan A Sadiq
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tong-Jie Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing-Si Gu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huan-Yi Yang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guo-Qing He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Katrolia P, Liu X, Li G, Kopparapu NK. Enhanced Properties and Lactose Hydrolysis Efficiencies of Food-Grade β-Galactosidases Immobilized on Various Supports: a Comparative Approach. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 188:410-423. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2927-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Jia DX, Wang T, Liu ZJ, Jin LQ, Li JJ, Liao CJ, Chen DS, Zheng YG. Whole cell immobilization of refractory glucose isomerase using tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine as crosslinker for preparation of high fructose corn syrup at elevated temperature. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 126:176-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Yang X, Liu Z, Jiang C, Sun J, Xue C, Mao X. A novel agaro-oligosaccharide-lytic β-galactosidase from Agarivorans gilvus WH0801. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:5165-5172. [PMID: 29682702 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8999-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
β-Galactosidases have a wide application in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Recently, β-galactosidase was also found to participate in agar degradation. In this study, the second reported agarolytic β-galactosidase was found in the marine bacterium Agarivorans gilvus WH0801 and characterized. The β-galactosidase named AgWH2A (83 kDa) exhibited good activities under optimal hydrolysis conditions of pH 8.0 and 40 °C. AgWH2A could cleave the first D-galactose of agarooligosaccharides from its nonreducing end to produce neoagarooligosaccharides, but could not act on the neoagarooligosaccharides. AgWH2A has great potential in the comprehensive utilization of marine red algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chengcheng Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jianan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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17
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Maitan-Alfenas GP, Casarotti SN. Enzymes and Dairy Products. MICROBIAL CULTURES AND ENZYMES IN DAIRY TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-5363-2.ch001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of enzymes in food production, including dairy products, is below expected due the high costs associated with their production and purification. Microbial enzymes have great potential for industrial applications since they can be produced via large-scale fermentation and they are easily expressed by cloning in well-known cultivated microorganisms. The combination of different procedures such as over-expression techniques and the use of low costs induction sources has resulted in the production of enzymes to be used in high added-value dairy products. The addition of glucose oxidase to probiotic yogurts has been indicated as an alternative to the maintenance of probiotic functionality. Bile salt hydrolase contributes to prevention of hypercholesterolemia which is interesting to produce new functional dairy products. This chapter discusses enzyme sources and their relevance in dairy products, the production of enzymes using cloning and super-expression techniques, as well as enzymes related to functional dairy products.
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18
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Letsididi R, Hassanin HA, Koko MY, Ndayishimiye JB, Zhang T, Jiang B, Stressler T, Fischer L, Mu W. Characterization of a thermostable glycoside hydrolase (CMbg0408) from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Caldivirga maquilingensis IC-167. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:2132-2140. [PMID: 27582034 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperthermophilic archaea capable of functioning optimally at very high temperatures are a good source of unique and industrially important thermostable enzymes. RESULTS A glycoside hydrolase family 1 β-galactosidase gene (BglB) from a hyperthermophilic archaeon Caldivirga maquilingensis IC-167 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme (CMbg0408) displayed optimum activity at 110 °C and pH 5.0. It also retained 92% and 70% of its maximal activity at 115 and 120 °C, respectively. The enzyme was completely thermostable and active after 120 min of incubation at 80 and 90 °C. It also showed broad substrate specificity with activities of 8876 ± 185 U mg-1 for p-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside, 4464 ± 172 U mg-1 for p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside, 1486 ± 68 U mg-1 for o-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside, 2250 ± 86 U mg-1 for o-nitrophenyl-β-d-xylopyranoside and 175 ± 4 U mg-1 for lactose. A catalytic efficiency (kcat /Km ) of 3059 ± 122 mmol L-1 s-1 and Km value of 8.1 ± 0.08 mmol L-1 were displayed towards p-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside. CONCLUSION As a result of its remarkable thermostability and high activity at high temperatures, this novel β-galactosidase may be useful for food and pharmaceutical applications. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebaone Letsididi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- National Food Technology Research Centre, Private Bag 008, Kanye, Botswana
| | - Hinawi Am Hassanin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Marwa Yf Koko
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jean B Ndayishimiye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Timo Stressler
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, Garbenstrasse 25, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lutz Fischer
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, Garbenstrasse 25, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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Pulinas L, Spanu C, Idda I, Ibba I, Nieddu G, Virdis S, Scarano C, Piras F, Spano N, Sanna G, De Santis EPL. Production of Farmstead Lactose-Free Pecorino di Osilo and Ricotta Cheeses from Sheep's Milk. Ital J Food Saf 2017; 6:6353. [PMID: 28462205 PMCID: PMC5391506 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2017.6353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work was aimed to define and validate farmstead production of lactose-free Pecorino di Osilo cheese, fresh ricotta cheese, and salted and smoked ricotta cheese (Ricotta mustia). The enzymatic activity of the commercial preparation containing lactase (1.1 g/mL), preliminarily tested using a spectrophotometric titration, showed activity equal to 4950±40 neutral lactase unit/g. The amount of lactase required to obtain the lactose-free milk was then established in triplicate laboratory trials, by adding the enzyme at concentrations of 0.7, 0.9 and 1.1 g/L in flasks containing 160 mL of raw sheep’s milk. Samples were incubated under conditions expected during milk storage and cheese-making. The residual lactose content in milk was determined by enzymatic method. The addition of lactase at concentration of 1.1 g/L of milk reduced the lactose concentration below the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.06 g/L. The procedure was validated at a dairy farm, using three different batches of bulk raw sheep’s lactose-free milk that were transformed into Pecorino di Osilo cheese. The resulting whey was used to produce fresh ricotta and Ricotta mustia cheese. Raw milk and whey samples were always below lactose detection limit. The residual lactose was measured in Pecorino di Osilo cheese, after 24 hours and 30 days from production; in fresh ricotta cheese, after 48 hours; in Ricotta mustia cheese after 7 days. The determination of lactose content in cheese samples was conducted by a gas chromatography-flame ionization detection method, which showed a LOD and limit of quantification respectively of 1.8 and 5.6 mg/kg for cheese, and 1.35 and 4.2 mg/kg for both ricotta cheeses. The lactose concentration was always below the relevant LOD values in all samples. The mean concentration of galactose and glucose were respectively 13,000±2000 and 11,000±2000 mg/kg in fresh Pecorino di Osilo, 1100±300 and 1200±300 mg/kg in fresh ricotta, and 950±400 and 750±250 mg/kg in Ricotta mustia. The results of the present study showed that the production of farmstead lactose-free Pecorino di Osilo cheese and ricotta cheeses from raw sheep’s milk is easily achievable. The main issue for farmstead production of artisanal lactose-free products is the implementation of permanent procedures based on hazard-analysis and critical control principles aimed at guaranteeing the effectiveness of the process and at acquiring analytical evidences to demonstrate the fulfilment of law requirements for labelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Pulinas
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari
| | - Carlo Spanu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari
| | - Ilenia Idda
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari
| | - Ignazio Ibba
- Regional Association of Sardinia Farmers, Oristano
| | | | - Salvatore Virdis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari
| | | | - Francesca Piras
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari
| | - Nadia Spano
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari
| | - Gavino Sanna
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari
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New alkalophilic β-galactosidase with high activity in alkaline pH region from Teratosphaeria acidotherma AIU BGA-1. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 123:15-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Abstract
Beta galactosidases (BGALs) are glycosyl hydrolases that remove terminal β-D-galactosyl residues from β-D-galactosides. There are 17 predicted BGAL genes in the genomes of both Arabidopsis (BGAL1-17) and tomato (TBG1-17). All tested BGALs have BGAL activity but their distinct expression profiles and ancient phylogenetic separation indicates that these enzymes fulfil diverse, non-redundant roles in plant biology. The majority of these BGALs are predicted to have signal peptide and thought to act during cell wall-related biological processes. Interestingly, deletion of BGAL6 and BGAL10 in Arabidopsis causes reduced mucilage release during seed imbibition and shorter siliques respectively, whereas TBG4 depletion by RNAi decreases in fruit softening in tomato. The majority of plant BGALs remain to be characterized.
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22
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Tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine, P(CH 2 OH) 3 – A convenient and effective new reagent for the fixation of protein samples for SEM imaging. Micron 2016; 89:28-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Eş I, Vieira JDG, Amaral AC. Principles, techniques, and applications of biocatalyst immobilization for industrial application. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:2065-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Warmerdam A, Benjamins E, de Leeuw TF, Broekhuis TA, Boom RM, Janssen AE. Galacto-oligosaccharide production with immobilized β-galactosidase in a packed-bed reactor vs. free β-galactosidase in a batch reactor. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Immobilization of thermostable β-galactosidase on epoxy support and its use for lactose hydrolysis and galactooligosaccharides biosynthesis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 30:989-98. [PMID: 24122101 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1517-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Thermoresistant, recombinant β-galactosidase from Thermotoga maritima was purified and immobilized on the surface of epoxy-coated magnetic beads. The enzyme, which has hexameric quaternary structure as shown by gel filtration chromatography, attaches to the resin through multiple covalent linkages that involve different subunits. The bound enzyme shows higher stability than the free form. The immobilized enzyme showed to be efficient for the hydrolysis of lactose and the biosynthesis of galactooligosaccharides (GOS). The chemical structure of synthesized GOS has been determined by NMR revealing that the main product was β-3′-galactosyl lactose. Although β-galactosidases from different sources have been used for the same purposes, the distinct advantage of the methodology described in this communication is that the enzyme can be easily produced, purified and immobilized in large quantities.
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Sun X, Duan X, Wu D, Chen J, Wu J. Characterization of Sulfolobus solfataricus β-galactosidase mutant F441Y expressed in Pichia pastoris. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:1359-1365. [PMID: 24114556 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Galactosidases are used to synthesize galactooligosaccharides (GOS). Since thermostable β-galactosidases have the advantages of high optimal temperature, thermostability as well as prevention of bacterial contamination in the production of GOS, they have received more attention in research. In this study a mutant of Sulfolobus solfataricus β-galactosidase, F441Y, was expressed in Pichia pastoris KM71. RESULTS The activity of the recombinant enzyme reached 204.9 U mL⁻¹ after induction by methanol in a 3 L bioreactor for 80 h. Purification using ion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatographies resulted in a substantially pure recombinant β-galactosidase that migrated with an apparent molecular weight of 56 kDa in an SDS-PAGE gel. The enzymatic properties were measured and the optimal pH was 5 and the optimal temperature was 85 °C. Using lactose as substrate, the K(m) and k(cat) values were found to be 26.3 mmol L⁻¹ and 160.1 min⁻¹ respectively. After optimizing the reaction conditions for GOS production, the yield of GOS produced by the recombinant enzyme at pH 6 and 75 °C with 700 g L⁻¹ lactose solution and an enzyme quantity of 9 U mL⁻¹ reached 61%. CONCLUSION The F441Y of β-galactosidase expressed in P. pastoris KM71 has potential application in the industrial preparation of GOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
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27
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Ujam OT, Devey K, Henderson W, Nicholson BK, Mucalo MR, Decker C, Hor TSA. Immobilization of [Pt 2(μ-S) 2(PPh 3) 4] on Polymeric Supports by Sulfide Alkylation and Phosphine Exchange Reactions. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2012.761990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oguejiofo T. Ujam
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Waikato , Hamilton , 3240 , New Zealand
| | - Kyle Devey
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Waikato , Hamilton , 3240 , New Zealand
| | - William Henderson
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Waikato , Hamilton , 3240 , New Zealand
| | - Brian K. Nicholson
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Waikato , Hamilton , 3240 , New Zealand
| | - Michael R. Mucalo
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Waikato , Hamilton , 3240 , New Zealand
| | - Corry Decker
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Waikato , Hamilton , 3240 , New Zealand
| | - T. S. Andy Hor
- b Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , Singapore , 117543
- c Institute for Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research , Singapore , 117602
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Characterization of new β-galactosidase from acidophilic fungus, Teratosphaeria acidotherma AIU BGA-1. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 116:293-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Optimizing lactose hydrolysis by computer-guided modification of the catalytic site of a wild-type enzyme. Mol Divers 2013; 17:371-82. [PMID: 23585056 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-013-9437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lactose intolerance is a serious global health problem. A lactose hydrolysis enzyme, thermostable β-galactosidase, BgaB (from Geobacillus stearothermophilus) has attracted the attention of industrial biologists because of its potential application in processing lactose-containing products. However, this enzyme experiences galactose product inhibition. Through homology modeling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, we have identified the galactose binding sites in the thermostable β-galactosidase BgaB (BgaB). The binding sites are formed from Glu303, Asn310, Trp311, His354, Arg109, Phe341, Try272, Asn147, Glu148, and H354; these residues are all important for enzyme catalysis. A ligand-receptor binding model has been proposed to guide site-directed BgaB mutagenesis experiments. Based upon the model and the MD simulations, we recommend mutating Arg109, Phe341, Trp311, Asn147, Asn310, Try272, and His354 to reduce galactose product inhibition. In vitro site-directed mutagenesis experiments confirmed our predictions. The success rate for mutagenesis was 66.7 %. The best BgaB mutant, F341T, can hydrolyze lactose completely, and is the most promising enzyme for use by the dairy industry. Thus, our study is a successful example of optimizing enzyme catalytic chemical reaction by computer-guided modifying the catalytic site of a wild-type enzyme.
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30
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Some characteristics and isolation of novel thermostable β-galactosidase from Thermus oshimai DSM 12092. Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-013-0009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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31
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Investigation of spore coat display of Bacillus subtilis β-galactosidase for developing of whole cell biocatalyst. Arch Microbiol 2013; 195:197-202. [PMID: 23334774 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-013-0867-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The production of highly efficient, recyclable and cost-effective enzymes is one of the most important goals in industrial biotechnology. Bacterial spores are highly resistant to harsh environmental conditions, easy to produce and are suitable for manipulation of genetic materials. These features make them a very efficient tool for biotechnology. Here, we show the use bacterial spores for presentation of functional enzyme. Spore coat display was used to produce a biocatalyst, which expresses β-galactiosidase (LacA). This enzyme is commonly used to produce lactose-free milk for lactose intolerant individuals. The lacA gene from Bacillus subtilis strain 168 was expressed on the surface of B. subtilis RH101(ΔcotC) spores using CotC as protein carrier. Presence of LacA protein is verified by western blotting. Results of β-galactiosidase assay show that the expressed enzyme retained its activity in condition of freezing and drying, as well as after recovery from the reaction's mixture.
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Abstract
Lactase from the thermophilic bacteria has the good characteristics of heat-stability, high production and low pollution, and can effectively solve people’s problem of “lactose intolerance”. In the present work, a thermostable lactase-producing strain was isolated from the fermenting sample in fermenting tank of a spice factory in Chinese city of Dalian. Base on morphological observation, physiological and biochemical tests and molecular identification, the thermostable lactase-producing strain T242 was identified as Bacillus coagulans. Moreover, investigation revealed that lactase from Bacillus coagulans T242 is an intracellular lactase hydrolyzing lactose into glucose and galactose inside of the bacterial cell, and the optimum approach for releasing lactase was the treatment with lysozyme followed by high concentration of NaCl.
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33
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Ansari SA, Satar R. Recombinant β-galactosidases – Past, present and future: A mini review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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34
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Production, recovery and purification of a recombinant β-galactosidase by expanded bed anion exchange adsorption. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 900:32-7. [PMID: 22683026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
β-Galactosidase is a hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of β-galactosides into monosaccharides; its major application in the food industry is to reduce the content of lactose in lactic products. The aim of this work is to recover this enzyme from a cell lysate by adsorption onto Streamline-DEAE in an expanded bed, avoiding, as much as possible, biomass deposition onto the adsorbent matrix. So as to achieve less cell debris-matrix interaction, the adsorbent surface was covered with polyvinyl pyrrolidone. The enzyme showed to bind in the same extent to naked and covered Streamline-DEAE (65 mg β-gal/g matrix) in batch mode in the absence of any biomass. The kinetics of the adsorption process was studied and no effect of the polyvinyl pyrrolidone covering was found. The optimal conditions for the recovery were achieved by using a lysate made of 40% wet weight of cells, a polyvinyl pyrrolidone-covered matrix/lysate ratio of 10% and carrying out the adsorption process in expanded bed with recirculation over 2h in 20 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.4. The fraction recovered after the elution contained 65% of the initial amount of enzyme with a 12.6-fold increased specific activity with respect to the lysate. The polyvinyl pyrrolidone content in the eluate was determined and found negligible. The remarkable point of this work is that it was possible to partially purify the enzyme using a feedstock containing an unusually high biomass concentration in the presence of polyvinyl pyrrolidone onto weak anion exchangers.
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Jochems P, Satyawali Y, Van Roy S, Doyen W, Diels L, Dejonghe W. Characterization and optimization of β-galactosidase immobilization process on a mixed-matrix membrane. Enzyme Microb Technol 2011; 49:580-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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36
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Oliveira C, Guimarães PM, Domingues L. Recombinant microbial systems for improved β-galactosidase production and biotechnological applications. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 29:600-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Horner T, Dunn M, Eggett D, Ogden L. β-Galactosidase activity of commercial lactase samples in raw and pasteurized milk at refrigerated temperatures. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:3242-9. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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38
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Dong YN, Liu XM, Chen HQ, Xia Y, Zhang HP, Zhang H, Chen W. Enhancement of the hydrolysis activity of β-galactosidase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus by saturation mutagenesis. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:1176-84. [PMID: 21338783 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Thermostable β-galactosidase (BgaB) from Geobacillus stearothermophilus is characterized by its thermoactivity in the hydrolysis of lactose to produce lactose-free milk products. However, BgaB has limited activity toward lactose. We established a method for screening evolved mutants with high hydrolysis activity based on prediction of substrate binding sites. Seven amino acid residues were identified as candidates for substrate binding to galactose. To study the hydrolysis activity of these residues, we constructed mutants by site-saturation mutagenesis of these residue sites, and each variant was screened for its hydrolysis activity. The first round of mutagenesis showed that changes in amino acid residues of Arg109, Tyr272, and Glu351 resulted in altered hydrolysis activity, including greater activity toward ortho-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside (oNPG). The mutants R109V and R109L displayed changes in the optimum pH from 7.0 to 6.5, and the mutant R109V/L displayed different substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(m)). Mutant R109G showed complete loss of BgaB enzymatic activity, suggesting that Arg109 plays a significant role in maintaining hydrolysis activity. The optimum pH of mutant E351R increased from 7.0 to 7.5 and this mutant showed a prominent increase in catalytic efficiency with oNPG and lactose as substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-N Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China
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Panesar PS, Kumari S, Panesar R. Potential Applications of Immobilized β-Galactosidase in Food Processing Industries. Enzyme Res 2010; 2010:473137. [PMID: 21234407 PMCID: PMC3014700 DOI: 10.4061/2010/473137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme β-galactosidase can be obtained from a wide variety of sources such as microorganisms, plants, and animals. The use of β-galactosidase for the hydrolysis of lactose in milk and whey is one of the promising enzymatic applications in food and dairy processing industries. The enzyme can be used in either soluble or immobilized forms but the soluble enzyme can be used only for batch processes and the immobilized form has the advantage of being used in batch wise as well as in continuous operation. Immobilization has been found to be convenient method to make enzyme thermostable and to prevent the loss of enzyme activity. This review has been focused on the different types of techniques used for the immobilization of β-galactosidase and its potential applications in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmjit S. Panesar
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab, 148 106, India
| | - Shweta Kumari
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab, 148 106, India
| | - Reeba Panesar
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab, 148 106, India
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Rhimi M, Boisson A, Dejob M, Boudebouze S, Maguin E, Haser R, Aghajari N. Efficient bioconversion of lactose in milk and whey: immobilization and biochemical characterization of a beta-galactosidase from the dairy Streptococcus thermophilus LMD9 strain. Res Microbiol 2010; 161:515-25. [PMID: 20472057 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2010.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding beta-galactosidase from dairy Streptococcus thermophilus strain LMD9 was cloned, sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme was purified and showed high specific activity of 464 U/mg. This protein displays a homotetrameric arrangement composed of four 118 kDa monomers. Monitoring of the activity showed that this enzyme was optimally active at a wide range of temperatures (25-40 degrees C) and at pH from 6.5 to 7.5. Immobilization of the recombinant E. coli in alginate beads clearly enhanced the enzyme activity at various temperatures, including 4 and 50 degrees C, and at pH values from 4.0 to 8.5. Stability studies indicated that this biocatalyst has high stability within a broad range of temperatures and pH. This stability was improved not only by addition of 1 mM of Mn(2+) and 1.2 mM Mg(2+), but essentially through immobilization. The remarkable bioconversion rates of lactose in milk and whey at different temperatures revealed the attractive catalytic efficiency of this enzyme, thus promoting its use for lactose hydrolysis in milk and other dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moez Rhimi
- Laboratoire de BioCristallographie, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5086-CNRS/Université de Lyon, IFR128 BioSciences Gerland - Lyon Sud, 7 Passage du Vercors, F-69367 Lyon cedex 07, France
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Pan C, Hu B, Li W, Sun Y, Ye H, Zeng X. Novel and efficient method for immobilization and stabilization of β-d-galactosidase by covalent attachment onto magnetic Fe3O4–chitosan nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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