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Akkou M, Titouche Y, Bentayeb L, Bes M, Laurent F, Ramdani-Bouguessa N. Risk factors for dairy cows mastitis in Algeria, antibiotic resistance and molecular typing of the causative Staphylococcus aureus. Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10457-2. [PMID: 38963470 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10457-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Adoption of a rational management in dairy farms would improve the milk quality and farmers' income. In the current study, we aimed to describe bovine mastitis in 32 dairy herds, identify the main cow- and herd-associated risk factors, and analyze both epidemiological along with molecular characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus infecting udders. Based on Californian Mastitis Test and clinical examination, the prevalence of mastitis in cows was 52.25% (116/222), of which 6.3% was clinical mastitis and 45.94% was subclinical mastitis. Overall, 218 (24.54%) quarters suffered from mastitis, whose 29.81% (65/218) infected with S. aureus. Mastitis was lowest in mid-lactation with OR = 0.371 with 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.141-0.976, and in cows separated from their calves (OR = 0.164, 95% CI 0.056-0.477) than suckler cows. Similar results were obtained from S. aureus related mastitis. To assess the genetic lineages of S. aureus isolates, we determined clonal complexes (CC) using DNA microarray hybridization profiles and performed spa typing. The strains were assigned to nine clonal complexes, and 19 spa types; with CC97 (44.77%), and CC22 (40.29%) were the most predominant lineages and t223 (40.29%), t7136 (10.44%), t359 (8.95%) and t267 (5.97%) were the most common spa types. A total of 88.05% (n = 59) isolates were resistant to at least one tested antibiotic while only 4.47% were multi-drug resistant strains. Higher rates of resistance were observed for penicillin (86.5%) and tetracycline (14.9%) respectively. Our results show the need for adoption of feasible mastitis program with special emphasis on sub-clinical mastitis and associated risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madjid Akkou
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies Related to Animal Reproduction, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Blida1, Blida, Algeria.
- Labotaory of Biology and Experimental Pharmacology, Yahia Farès University, Médéa, Algeria.
| | - Yacine Titouche
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Lamia Bentayeb
- Agro-food Department, Faculty of Natural and Life Science, University of Blida1, Blida, Algeria
| | - Michèle Bes
- Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Laurent
- Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Zhang X, Li Y, Zhang Y, Yao Z, Zou W, Nie P, Yang L. A New Method to Detect Buffalo Mastitis Using Udder Ultrasonography Based on Deep Learning Network. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:707. [PMID: 38473092 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is one of the most predominant diseases with a negative impact on ranch products worldwide. It reduces milk production, damages milk quality, increases treatment costs, and even leads to the premature elimination of animals. In addition, failure to take effective measures in time will lead to widespread disease. The key to reducing the losses caused by mastitis lies in the early detection of the disease. The application of deep learning with powerful feature extraction capability in the medical field is receiving increasing attention. The main purpose of this study was to establish a deep learning network for buffalo quarter-level mastitis detection based on 3054 ultrasound images of udders from 271 buffaloes. Two data sets were generated with thresholds of somatic cell count (SCC) set as 2 × 105 cells/mL and 4 × 105 cells/mL, respectively. The udders with SCCs less than the threshold value were defined as healthy udders, and otherwise as mastitis-stricken udders. A total of 3054 udder ultrasound images were randomly divided into a training set (70%), a validation set (15%), and a test set (15%). We used the EfficientNet_b3 model with powerful learning capabilities in combination with the convolutional block attention module (CBAM) to train the mastitis detection model. To solve the problem of sample category imbalance, the PolyLoss module was used as the loss function. The training set and validation set were used to develop the mastitis detection model, and the test set was used to evaluate the network's performance. The results showed that, when the SCC threshold was 2 × 105 cells/mL, our established network exhibited an accuracy of 70.02%, a specificity of 77.93%, a sensitivity of 63.11%, and an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.77 on the test set. The classification effect of the model was better when the SCC threshold was 4 × 105 cells/mL than when the SCC threshold was 2 × 105 cells/mL. Therefore, when SCC ≥ 4 × 105 cells/mL was defined as mastitis, our established deep neural network was determined as the most suitable model for farm on-site mastitis detection, and this network model exhibited an accuracy of 75.93%, a specificity of 80.23%, a sensitivity of 70.35%, and AUC 0.83 on the test set. This study established a 1/4 level mastitis detection model which provides a theoretical basis for mastitis detection in buffaloes mostly raised by small farmers lacking mastitis diagnostic conditions in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuan Li
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhiqiu Yao
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenna Zou
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pei Nie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Liguo Yang
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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El-Razik KAA, Arafa AA, Fouad EA, Soror AH, Abdalhamed AM, Elgioushy M. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of erythromycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis in Egypt. Vet World 2023; 16:1562-1571. [PMID: 37621528 PMCID: PMC10446729 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1562-1571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Subclinical mastitis (SCM) caused by erythromycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a significant disease in lactating animals. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the genetic factors contributing to erythromycin resistance in S. aureus. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of S. aureus in milk from subclinical mastitic cattle and buffaloes and tank milk samples as identified by probe-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the genotypic assessment of macrolide and erythromycin resistance profiles, as well as to analyze the phylogenetic relatedness of our local isolates of S. aureus. Materials and Methods In total, 285 milk samples were analyzed using the California mastitis test to detect SCM. Milk samples were cultured on different specific Staphylococcus media. The presence of S. aureus was confirmed by Gram staining, the catalase and coagulase tests, the detection of hemolytic activity, DNase agar testing, and biofilm activity in Congo red medium. The genotypic identification of S. aureus (nuc) was performed. The determinants of erythromycin (ermA, ermB, ermC, and ermT) and macrolide resistance (msrA) were screened in all isolates. DNA sequencing of our local isolates of S. aureus was used to analyze their phylogenetic relatedness. Moreover, histopathological examination of tissue specimens of mammary gland was performed. Results The S. aureus positivity rates were 36.4%, 48.8%, and 63.6% in cattle, buffalo, and bulk tank milk, respectively. Probe-based real-time PCR molecularly confirmed all 62 S. aureus isolates. Thirty-one isolates were subjected to PCR to create profiles of their genotypic erythromycin resistance. ermA, ermB, ermC, and ermT were present in 5 (8%), 26 (41.9%), 18 (29%), and 15 (24.1%) S. aureus isolates, respectively. Moreover, msrA was found in three (4.8%) strains. Eight PCR products were produced using standard PCR for DNA sequencing. Multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic tree construction, and analysis of nuc in S. aureus revealed a high degree of homology (100%) with S. aureus strains isolated from milk in cases of bovine mastitis in India and Kenya. Histological analysis of udder tissues revealed extensive aggregation of mononuclear inflammatory cells in the interstitial connective tissue, primarily lymphocytes, and macrophages. Conclusion This study showed a high prevalence of erythromycin resistance in S. aureus isolates. This information is vital for controlling mastitis and the spread of resistance genes between bacterial strains and hosts. Moreover, the probe-based real-time PCR approach is helpful for the rapid screening of S. aureus isolates and the consequent efficient treatment and control of S. aureus mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amany A. Arafa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Ehab A. Fouad
- Department of Zoonosis, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Ashraf H. Soror
- Department of Animal Reproduction, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Abeer M. Abdalhamed
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Magdy Elgioushy
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Egypt
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Monecke S, Bedewy AK, Müller E, Braun SD, Diezel C, Elsheredy A, Kader O, Reinicke M, Ghazal A, Rezk S, Ehricht R. Characterisation of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Alexandria, Egypt. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010078. [PMID: 36671279 PMCID: PMC9855118 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to characterise clinical MRSA isolates from a tertiary care centre in Egypt's second-largest city, Alexandria. Thirty isolates collected in 2020 were genotypically characterised by microarray to detect their resistance and virulence genes and assign them to clonal complexes (CC) and strains. Isolates belonged to 11 different CCs and 14 different strains. CC15-MRSA-[V+fus] (n = 6), CC1-MRSA-[V+fus+tir+ccrA/B-1] (PVL+) (n = 5) as well as CC1-MRSA-[V+fus+tir+ccrA/B-1] and CC1153-MRSA-[V+fus] (PVL+) (both with n = 3) were the most common strains. Most isolates (83%) harboured variant or composite SCCmec V or VI elements that included the fusidic acid resistance gene fusC. The SCCmec [V+fus+tir+ccrA/B-1] element of one of the CC1 isolates was sequenced, revealing a presence not only of fusC but also of blaZ, aacA-aphD and other resistance genes. PVL genes were also common (40%). The hospital-acquired MRSA CC239-III strain was only found twice. A comparison to data from a study on strains collected in 2015 (Montelongo et al., 2022) showed an increase in fusC and PVL carriage and a decreasing prevalence of the CC239 strain. These observations indicate a diffusion of community-acquired strains into hospital settings. The beta-lactam use in hospitals and the widespread fusidic acid consumption in the community might pose a selective pressure that favours MRSA strains with composite SCCmec elements comprising mecA and fusC. This is an unsettling trend, but more MRSA typing data from Egypt are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Monecke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, Dresden University Hospital, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Amira K. Bedewy
- Department of Microbiology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 5424041, Egypt
| | - Elke Müller
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sascha D. Braun
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Celia Diezel
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Amel Elsheredy
- Department of Microbiology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 5424041, Egypt
| | - Ola Kader
- Department of Microbiology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 5424041, Egypt
| | - Martin Reinicke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Abeer Ghazal
- Department of Microbiology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 5424041, Egypt
| | - Shahinda Rezk
- Department of Microbiology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 5424041, Egypt
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
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5
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Rasool Z, Noreen H, Anjum A, Rizvi A, Rabaan AA, Halwani MA, Sabour AA, Aljeldah M, Shammari BRA, Alhajri SM, Alshubaith IH, Garout M, Firyal S, Ahmed N. Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Erythromycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Bovine Mastitis and Humans in Close Contact. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 8:tropicalmed8010026. [PMID: 36668934 PMCID: PMC9865518 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a major causative agent of mastitis and is resistant to many antibiotics. Thus, there is a need to characterize the genetic determinants of S. aureus erythromycin resistance, such as ermA, ermB and ermC. The current study aimed to determine the phenotypic and genotypic erythromycin resistance profile and relatedness of S. aureus recovered from bovine mastitis and humans in close contact. A total of 14 mastitis-infected buffalo milk samples and 16 samples from their respective milkers were collected from different farms of Lahore, Pakistan. The antibiotic resistance profile was determined through the disk diffusion test. The overall prevalence of S. aureus in mastitis-affected buffaloes was found to be 75%, of which 52.1% were resistant to erythromycin and 42.8% to clindamycin. S. aureus isolates recovered from milker nasal samples showed 56.25% resistance to erythromycin and 44% resistance to clindamycin. Genotypic antibiotic resistance profiles were determined from 14 milk samples through PCR. Overall, eight (52.1%), three (21.4%) and five (35.7%) S. aureus isolates were positive for the ermA, ermB and ermC genes, respectively. Moreover, 16 milker nasal S. aureus isolates were also tested for the presence of ermA, ermB and ermC genes. The ermA, ermB and ermC genes were observed in nine(56.7%), five (31.3%) and seven (43.7%) isolates, respectively. A significant association was shown between phenotypic and genotypic erythromycin resistance. The results indicate both that there are sufficient genetic similarities, and the actual transmission of erythromycin resistance genes between these two hosts of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Rasool
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hadiqua Noreen
- Department of Medical Education, Avviceena Medical College, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Asfa Anjum
- Department of Medical Education, University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Azka Rizvi
- Department of Microbiology, Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute & Research Center (PKLI & RC), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad A. Halwani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Al Baha 65799, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal A. Sabour
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Aljeldah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39831, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basim R. Al Shammari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39831, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah M. Alhajri
- Infectious and Zoonotic Diseases Division, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Al-Ahsa 11116, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim H. Alshubaith
- Department of International Organisations and Health Cities Al-Ahsa Municipality, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Garout
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sehrish Firyal
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (N.A.)
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (N.A.)
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6
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Khanal S, Boonyayatra S, Awaiwanont N. Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in dairy farms: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:947154. [PMID: 36561392 PMCID: PMC9763730 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.947154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an opportunistic bacterium that causes many human and animal infections worldwide. MRSA infections are classified as priority infections owing to their high morbidity and mortality, with a significant risk of zoonotic transmission. This study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of MRSA in dairy cattle farms and its heterogeneity. Relevant studies were retrieved from three databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The pooled prevalence of MRSA in dairy farms was estimated using a random-effects model. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were used to assess the probable sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity and publication bias analyses were also performed. A total of 94 articles were eligible for inclusion in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of MRSA was estimated to be 3.81% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 2.61-5.20] with significantly high heterogeneity (I 2 = 96.6%, p = 0.00). For the subgroup analysis among continents, the prevalence was highest in Asia (4.89%; 95% CI = 2.88-7.35) and lowest in South America (1.33%, 95% CI = 0.00-5.49). As for the year of publication, MRSA prevalence was highest in reports published from 2015 to 2018 (4.36%, 95% CI = 2.41-6.80) and lowest in reports published before 2015 (2.65%, 95% CI = 0.75-5.52). As for sample type, the prevalence of MRSA in cattle milk (3.91%, 95% CI = 2.64-5.39) was higher than that in other sample types (1.19%, 95% CI = 0.05-3.24). These three factors were not significantly associated with the pooled prevalence of MRSA (p > 0.05). Therefore, the findings of this study indicate that the prevalence of MRSA has been minimal and consistent in dairy cattle farms over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrijana Khanal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Public Health Centre for Asia Pacific, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sukolrat Boonyayatra
- Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Center of Excellence in Veterinary Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand,*Correspondence: Sukolrat Boonyayatra
| | - Nattakarn Awaiwanont
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Public Health Centre for Asia Pacific, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand,Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Center of Excellence in Veterinary Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Badawy B, Elafify M, Farag AMM, Moustafa SM, Sayed-Ahmed MZ, Moawad AA, Algammal AM, Ramadan H, Eltholth M. Ecological Distribution of Virulent Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Livestock, Environment, and Dairy Products. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11111651. [PMID: 36421295 PMCID: PMC9686664 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of mastitis, leading to severe economic losses in the dairy industry. It is also zoonotic, with potential risks to public health. This study aimed to detect the occurrence of S. aureus-resistant strains isolated from cattle, buffalo, their environment, milk and dairy products; and to investigate the extent of animal, ecological, and food contamination by methicillin-resistant (MRSA) or enterotoxigenic S. aureus. Samples (n = 350) were collected from four animal (two cattle and two buffalo) farms, i.e., their environment. Thirty Karish cheese samples were collected from 10 markets in Mansoura, Egypt. S. aureus was detected in 17.9%, 17.6%, and 16.7% of samples collected from cattle, buffalo and Karish cheese, respectively. About 19% of isolated S. aureus strains carried the mecA gene. The distribution of the mecA gene was high in isolates from Karish cheese (60%), followed by samples collected from buffalo (16.2%) and cattle (16%). More than 34% of isolated S. aureus strains were enterotoxigenic, and the presence of enterotoxin genes was higher in isolates from Karish cheese (80%) than those from cattle (48%) and buffalo (18.9%). The most predominant enterotoxin gene among isolated S. aureus strains was the sea gene (26.9%), followed by sec (4.5%) and sed (3%) genes. Isolated strains were resistant to clindamycin (100%), kanamycin (97%), nalidixic acid (86.6%), cefotaxime (73.1%) sulphamethazole—trimethoprim (65.6%). Meanwhile, 95.5%, 94%, 86.6% and 77.7% of S. aureus strains were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, amikacin, imipenem and both cefoxitin and gentamycin, respectively. In conclusion, the presence of enterotoxigenic- and methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains in animals, their environment, and dairy products represents a public health concern, particularly in small-scale dairy farms in Egypt. To reduce the risk of infection of livestock and humans with resistant strains, strict regulations and guidelines for antimicrobial use in such a system are urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Badawy
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: (B.B.); (H.R.)
| | - Mahmoud Elafify
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Alshimaa M. M. Farag
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Samar M. Moustafa
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Z. Sayed-Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 82722, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira A. Moawad
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Abdelazeem M. Algammal
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Hazem Ramadan
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: (B.B.); (H.R.)
| | - Mahmoud Eltholth
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
- Department of Health Studies, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
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Hoque MN, Talukder AK, Saha O, Hasan MM, Sultana M, Rahman ANMA, Das ZC. Antibiogram and virulence profiling reveals multidrug resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
as the predominant aetiology of subclinical mastitis in riverine buffaloes. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:2631-2645. [DOI: 10.1002/vms3.942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Nazmul Hoque
- Department of Gynecology Obstetrics and Reproductive Health Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU) Gazipur Bangladesh
| | - Anup Kumar Talukder
- Department of Gynecology Obstetrics and Reproductive Health Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU) Gazipur Bangladesh
| | - Otun Saha
- Department of Microbiology Noakhali Science and Technology University Noakhali Bangladesh
- Department of Microbiology University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Mehedi Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science Noakhali Science and Technology University Noakhali Bangladesh
| | - Munawar Sultana
- Department of Microbiology University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - ANM Aminoor Rahman
- Department of Gynecology Obstetrics and Reproductive Health Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU) Gazipur Bangladesh
| | - Ziban Chandra Das
- Department of Gynecology Obstetrics and Reproductive Health Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU) Gazipur Bangladesh
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Dendani Chadi Z, Dib L, Zeroual F, Benakhla A. Usefulness of molecular typing methods for epidemiological and evolutionary studies of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine intramammary infections. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103338. [PMID: 35813112 PMCID: PMC9257419 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In cattle, Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen of increasing importance due to its association with intramammary infections (IMIs), which are a primary cause of antibiotic use on farms and thus of the rise in antibiotic resistance. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), which are frequently isolated from cases of bovine mastitis, represent a public health problem worldwide. Understanding the epidemiology and the evolution of these strains relies on typing methods. Such methods were phenotypic at first, but more recently, molecular methods have been increasingly utilized. Multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), a high-throughput molecular method for determining genetic diversity and the emergence of host- or udder-adapted clones, appears to be the most useful PCR-based method. Despite the difficulties present in reproducibility, interlaboratory reliability, and hard work, it is agreed that pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) remains the gold standard, particularly for short-term surveillance. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is a good typing method for long-term and global epidemiological investigations, but it is not suitable for outbreak investigations. Staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing is the most widely used method today for first-line typing in the study of molecular evolution, and outbreaks investigations. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing has gained popularity for the evolutionary analysis of MRSA strains. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and DNA microarrays that represent relatively new DNA-based technologies, provide more information for tracking antibioresistant and virulent outbreak strains. They offer a higher discriminatory power, but are not suitable for routine use in clinical veterinary medicine at this time. Descriptions of the evolution of these methods, their advantages, and limitations are given in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoubida Dendani Chadi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Natural Science and Life, University of Chadli Bendjedid, P.O. Box 73, El Tarf 36000, Algeria
| | - Loubna Dib
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Natural Science and Life, University of Chadli Bendjedid, P.O. Box 73, El Tarf 36000, Algeria
| | - Fayçal Zeroual
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Natural Science and Life, University of Chadli Bendjedid, P.O. Box 73, El Tarf 36000, Algeria
| | - Ahmed Benakhla
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Natural Science and Life, University of Chadli Bendjedid, P.O. Box 73, El Tarf 36000, Algeria
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Ghabbour R, Awad A, Younis G. Genetic Characterization and Antimicrobial-Resistant Profiles of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Different Food Sources. Biocontrol Sci 2022; 27:87-97. [PMID: 35753797 DOI: 10.4265/bio.27.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in food of animal origin, investigated its antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and antimicrobial-resistant genes encoding resistance to methicillin (mecA), penicillin (blaZ), and vancomycin (vanA). Two hundred and sixty food samples, including raw retail milk, meat, and meat products, were obtained from local retail shops in Mansoura city, Egypt. The overall prevalence of S. aureus in the total examined food samples was 32.69% (85/260). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was identified in 11.15% (29/260) of the tested food samples. S. aureus indicated a high resistance to nalidixic acid, penicillin, ampicillin, cefuroxime, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and azithromycin. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) rate was 89.4% of the total S. aureus isolates, and MARindex ranges from 0.05-0.64. Genotypically, mecA and blaZ genes were identified in a percentage of 34.11% and 82.35%, respectively, while no isolates harbored the vanA gene. The presence of MAR S. aureus particularly, MRSA in food samples, is of great concern and represents a possible threat to the community. Therefore, the study's findings highlight the importance of establishing vigilant food safety practices for food handlers to inhibit the transmission of S. aureus through the food chain to reduce public health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Ghabbour
- Gastro Enterology Surgery Center, Mansoura University
| | - Amal Awad
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Mehdicine, Mansoura University
| | - Gamal Younis
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Mehdicine, Mansoura University
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11
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Belhout C, Elgroud R, Butaye P. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Other Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci and Mammaliicoccus (MRNaS) Associated with Animals and Food Products in Arab Countries: A Review. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9070317. [PMID: 35878334 PMCID: PMC9320237 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9070317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Staphylococci are present in the microbiota of both humans and animal species, being recognized as the most important opportunistic pathogens. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a global public health issue presenting a significant risk because it severely limits treatment options. Methicillin resistance in staphylococci (MRS) poses a specific problem as it may cause serious human and animal infections, eventually resulting in death. The increasing observation of MRS in different animal species has raised the concern of their impact on animal health and the potential of zoonotic transmission. The availability of comprehensive data on the ecology and distribution of MRS in animals and food products worldwide is necessary to understand their relevance in the “One Health” domain. However, there is a gap in information in terms of MRS and the Arab countries. Therefore, our study aimed to provide an overview of the situation of MRS in these countries by reviewing the available data on livestock and animal products and making recommendations for the future. Abstract The prevalence of methicillin resistance in staphylococci has been increasing globally and is currently one of the major public health concerns. In particular, treating infections caused by staphylococci with acquired antimicrobial resistance is problematic, as their treatment is more difficult. The resistance is found both in human and animal staphylococcal strains. Methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) have also been increasingly reported in wildlife. In Arab countries, MRS has been detected in food producing animals and food products; however, the risk this poses is somewhat unclear, and still a significant lack of information on the trend and distribution of these pathogens in these countries, which have a specific ecosystem (desert) and traditions (Muslim culture). In this manuscript, we aim to provide an overview of the prevalence and the major MRS clonal lineages circulating in these specific countries and compare to them other situations with different ecosystems and cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahrazed Belhout
- HASAQ Laboratory, High National Veterinary School, Issad Abbes Avenue, Oued Smar, El Harrach, Algiers 16270, Algeria
- Correspondence:
| | - Rachid Elgroud
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine 25017, Algeria;
| | - Patrick Butaye
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
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12
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Liu H, Dong L, Zhao Y, Meng L, Wang J, Wang C, Zheng N. Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From Different Raw Milk Samples in China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:840670. [PMID: 35633704 PMCID: PMC9136321 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.840670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the main pathogens in different raw milk and dairy products, which may lead to economic losses. Staphylococcus aureus is a significant and costly public health concern because it may enter the human food chain and contaminate milk causing foodborne illness. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence genes of S. aureus in raw milks. In total, 125 raw milk samples collected from goat (n = 50), buffalo (n = 25), camel (n = 25), and yak (n = 25) were collected from 5 provinces in China in 2016. Out of 125 samples, 36 (28.8%) S. aureus were isolated (16 from goat, 9 from buffalo, 6 from camel, and 5 from yak). Out of 36 S. aureus, 26 strains (26/36, 72.2%) showed antibiotics resistance, and 6 strains isolated from goats were identified as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The antimicrobial resistance against Penicillin G, tetracycline and gentamicin was 50% (18/36), 41.7% (15/36), and 36.1% (13/36), respectively. 19 S. aureus (52.8%) were considered as multidrug resistant. The highest prevalence of resistant S. aureus was observed in goat milk (13/36, 36.1%). Among the 36 strains, 16 isolates harbored three or more resistant genes. The resistance genes were detected in 25 S. aureus, including 13 strains in goat, 5 strains in buffalo, 4 strains in camel, and 3 strains in yak. Among the 26 resistant strains, 61.5% of isolates harbored three or more resistant genes. The resistance genes were detected in 25 S. aureus, including 13 strains in goat milk, 5 strains in buffalo milk, 4 strains in camel milk, and 3 strains in yak milk. The most predominant resistance genes were blaZ (18/26, 69.2%), aac6'-aph2″ (13/26, 50.0%), and tet(M) (10/26, 38.5%). The mecA, ant(6)-Ia and fexA gene were only detected in S. aureus from goat milk. The most predominant toxin gene were sec (8/26, 30.8%). The majority of S. aureus were multidrug resistant and carried multiple virulence genes, which may pose potential risk to public health. Our findings indicated that the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of S. aureus was a serious concern in different raw milks in China, especially goat milks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Liu
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture—Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture—Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Yankun Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Lu Meng
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture—Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture—Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture—Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center (Beijing), Beijing, China
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Javed S, McClure J, Syed MA, Obasuyi O, Ali S, Tabassum S, Ejaz M, Zhang K. Epidemiology and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus causing bovine mastitis in water buffaloes from the Hazara division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268152. [PMID: 35512008 PMCID: PMC9071125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Buffalo represent a major source of milk in Pakistan. However, production is impacted by the disease bovine mastitis. Mastitis causes significant economic losses, with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) being one of its major causative agents. While much work has been done understanding the epidemiology of bovine mastitis in Pakistan, detailed molecular characterization of the associated S. aureus is unavailable. In the current study both the epidemiological and molecular characterization of S. aureus from bovine mastitis in the Hazara division of Pakistan are examined. S. aureus was isolated from 18.41% of the animals, and left quarters more prone to infection (69.6%) than right quarters (30.4%). Sub-clinical mastitis (75.31%) was more prevalent than clinical mastitis (24.69%), with infections evenly distributed amongst the eight districts. Molecular characterization revealed that only 19.6% of the isolates were methicillin-resistant, and four strains types identified, including ST9-t7867-MSSA, ST9-MSSA, ST101-t2078-MSSA, and ST22-t8934-MRSA-IVa. Antiseptic resistance genes were not detected in the isolates, and low levels of antibiotic resistance were also noted, however the methicillin-resistant strains had higher overall antibiotic resistance. This study represents the most complete molecular typing data for S. aureus causing bovine mastitis in the Hazara district of Pakistan, and the country as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Javed
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - JoAnn McClure
- Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance, Alberta Health Services/Alberta Precision Laboratories/University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Muhammad Ali Syed
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Osahon Obasuyi
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shahzad Ali
- Department of Wildlife and Ecology, One Health Research Group, Discipline of Zoology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Tabassum
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Ejaz
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Kunyan Zhang
- Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance, Alberta Health Services/Alberta Precision Laboratories/University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- The Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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14
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Exposure of Buffalo Milkers to Pathogenic Bacteria and Characterization of Isolated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus spp. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074353. [PMID: 35410035 PMCID: PMC8999034 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The research was focused on the surveillance of the exposure of buffalo milkers in contact with both animals and potentially contaminated equipment, pointing attention on the diffusion of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus spp. The monitoring was performed for 12 months, allowing the collection of 600 raw milk and buffalo udder surface samples, 192 milking lanes, 400 milking clusters, 160 personal protective equipment (PPEs) and electronic devices surface samples in contact with the workers of four milking parlors located in Southern Italy. The analysis of the milk samples evidenced the highest exposure to the bacteria considered (and mainly to S. aureus) from late winter-spring seasons onward. The possible risk arising from buffalo udder, milking clusters, and lines were instead considered rather stable along the entire period of sampling. The PPEs turned out to be a source of contamination for milkers mainly during the spring and summer periods. The analysis for oxacillin/methicillin resistance revealed in all the farms enrolled an overall amount of 37.5% of Staphylococci strains (belonging to S. aureus, S. haemolyticus, S. pseudintermedius, S. chromogenes species) resistant both to methicillin and oxacillin. The investigation demonstrated that the potential transfer of pathogenic bacteria to humans would have a better chance to occur at milk resumption time (since late winter-spring onward) when the number of animals to be milked is greater and the activity in the milking parlor is more challenging. At the same time, the findings seem to point out that the potential risk may be worsened by a significant presence of oxacillin/methicillin-resistant Staphylococci, potentially resulting from irrational use of antibiotics.
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15
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Diversity and pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitis: current understanding and future perspectives. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:115. [PMID: 35331225 PMCID: PMC8944054 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of bovine mastitis worldwide. Despite some improved understanding of disease pathogenesis, progress towards new methods for the control of intramammary infections (IMI) has been limited, particularly in the field of vaccination. Although herd management programs have helped to reduce the number of clinical cases, S. aureus mastitis remains a major disease burden. This review summarizes the past 16 years of research on bovine S. aureus population genetics, and molecular pathogenesis that have been conducted worldwide. We describe the diversity of S. aureus associated with bovine mastitis and the geographical distribution of S. aureus clones in different continents. We also describe studies investigating the evolution of bovine S. aureus and the importance of host-adaptation in its emergence as a mastitis pathogen. The available information on the prevalence of virulence determinants and their functional relevance during the pathogenesis of bovine mastitis are also discussed. Although traits such as biofilm formation and innate immune evasion are critical for the persistence of bacteria, the current understanding of the key host-pathogen interactions that determine the outcome of S. aureus IMI is very limited. We suggest that greater investment in research into the genetic and molecular basis of bovine S. aureus pathogenesis is essential for the identification of novel therapeutic and vaccine targets.
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16
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El-Ashker M, Monecke S, Gwida M, Saad T, El-Gohary A, Mohamed A, Reißig A, Frankenfeld K, Gary D, Müller E, Ehricht R. Molecular characterisation of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureusclones isolated from healthy dairy animals and their caretakers in Egypt. Vet Microbiol 2022; 267:109374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Mycoplasma Species, Pasteurella multocida, and Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Calves with Respiratory Manifestations. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030312. [PMID: 35158636 PMCID: PMC8833736 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a complex syndrome associated with high mortality in young calves and causes severe economic losses in the cattle industry worldwide. The current study investigated the prevalence and molecular characterization of common bacterial pathogens associated with respiratory symptoms in young calves from Sadat City, one of the largest industrial cities in Menoufiya Governorate, Egypt. In between December 2020 and March 2021, 200 mixed-breed young calves of 6–12 months were examined clinically. Of them, sixty (30%) calves showed signs of respiratory manifestations, such as coughing, serous to mucopurulent nasal discharges, fever, and abnormal lung sound. Deep nasal (Nasopharyngeal) swabs were collected from the affected calves for bacteriological investigation. Phenotypic characterization and identification revealed Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, Pasteurella multocida, and Staphylococcus aureus in 8.33%, 5%, 5%, and 5% of the tested samples, respectively. The PCR technique using species-specific primer sets successfully amplified the target bacterial DNA in all culture-positive samples, confirming the identity of the isolated bacterial species. Partial gene sequencing of 16S rRNA gene of M. bovigenitalium, P. multocida, and S. aureus, and mb-mp 81 gene of M. bovis revealed high nucleotide similarity and genetic relationship with respective bacterial species reported from Egypt and around the world, suggesting transmission of these bacterial species between animal host species and localities. Our study highlights the four important bacterial strains associated with respiratory disorders in calves and suggests the possible spread of these bacterial pathogens across animal species and different geographic locations. Further studies using WGS and a large number of isolates are required to investigate the realistic lineage of Egyptian isolates and globally.
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Udo EE, Boswihi SS, Mathew B, Noronha B, Verghese T. Resurgence of Chloramphenicol Resistance in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Due to the Acquisition of a Variant Florfenicol Exporter ( fexAv)-Mediated Chloramphenicol Resistance in Kuwait Hospitals. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10101250. [PMID: 34680830 PMCID: PMC8532628 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a surge in the prevalence of chloramphenicol-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Kuwait hospitals, this study investigated the genotypes and antibiotic resistance of the chloramphenicol-resistant isolates to ascertain whether they represented new or a resurgence of sporadic endemic clones. Fifty-four chloramphenicol-resistant MRSA isolates obtained in 2014–2015 were investigated. Antibiotic resistance was tested by disk diffusion and MIC determination. Molecular typing was performed using spa typing, multilocus sequence typing, and DNA microarray. Curing and transfer experiments were used to determine the genetic location of resistance determinants. All 54 isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol (MIC: 32–56 mg/L) but susceptible to florfenicol. Two chloramphenicol-resistance determinants, florfenicol exporter (fexA) and chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat), were detected. The fexA-positive isolates belonged to CC5-ST627-VI-t688/t450/t954 (n = 45), CC5-ST5-V-t688 (n = 6), whereas the cat-positives isolates were CC8-ST239-III-t037/t860 (n = 3). While cat was carried on 3.5–4.4 kb plasmids, the location of fexA could not be established. DNA sequencing of fexA revealed 100% sequence similarity to a previously reported fexA variant that confers chloramphenicol but not florfenicol resistance. The resurgence of chloramphenicol resistance was due to the introduction and spread of closely related fexA-positive CC5-ST5-V and CC5-ST627-VI clones.
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19
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Achek R, El-Adawy H, Hotzel H, Hendam A, Tomaso H, Ehricht R, Neubauer H, Nabi I, Hamdi TM, Monecke S. Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Human and Food Samples in Northern Algeria. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10101276. [PMID: 34684225 PMCID: PMC8537606 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal resident of the skin and nasal cavities of humans and can cause various infections. Some toxigenic strains can contaminate food matrices and cause foodborne intoxications. The present study aimed to provide relevant information (clonal complex lineages, agr types, virulence and antimicrobial resistance-associated genes) based on DNA microarray analyses as well as the origins and dissemination of several circulating clones of 60 Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food matrices (n = 24), clinical samples (n = 20), and nasal carriers (n = 16) in northern Algeria. Staphylococcus aureus were genotyped into 14 different clonal complexes. Out of 60 S. aureus, 13 and 10 isolates belonged to CC1-MSSA and CC97-MSSA, respectively. The CC 80-MRSA-IV was the predominant S. aureus strain in clinical isolates. The accessory gene regulator allele agr group III was mainly found among clinical isolates (70.4%). Panton–Valentine leukocidin genes lukF/lukS-PV were detected in 13.3% of isolates that all belonged to CC80-MRSA. The lukF/S-hlg, hlgA, and hla genes encoding for hemolysins and leucocidin components were detected in all Staphylococcusaureus isolates. Clinical and food isolates harbored more often the antibiotic resistance genes markers. Seventeen (28.3%) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying the mecA gene localized on a SCCmec type IV element were identified. The penicillinase operon (blaZ/I/R) was found in 71.7% (43/60) of isolates. Food isolates belonging to CC97-MSSA carried several antibiotic resistance genes (blaZ, ermB, aphA3, sat, tetM, and tetK). The results of this study showed that all clones were found in their typical host, but interestingly, some nasal carriers had isolates assigned to CC705 thought to be absent in humans. The detection of MRSA strains among food isolates should be considered as a potential public health risk. Therefore, controlling the antibiotics prescription for a rational use in human and animal infections is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Achek
- Faculty of Nature and Life and Earth Sciences, Djilali-Bounaama University, Soufay, Khemis-Miliana 44225, Algeria;
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene and Quality Assurance System, High National Veterinary School, Oued Smar, Algiers 16059, Algeria;
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (H.H.); (H.T.); (H.N.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (H.H.); (H.T.); (H.N.)
| | - Ashraf Hendam
- Climate Change Information Center, Renewable Energy and Expert Systems (CCICREES), Agricultural Research Center, 9 Algamaa Street, Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Herbert Tomaso
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (H.H.); (H.T.); (H.N.)
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (R.E.); (S.M.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena e. V., 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (H.H.); (H.T.); (H.N.)
| | - Ibrahim Nabi
- Faculty of Sciences, Yahia Farès University, Urban Pole, Médéa 26000, Algeria;
| | - Taha Mossadak Hamdi
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene and Quality Assurance System, High National Veterinary School, Oued Smar, Algiers 16059, Algeria;
| | - Stefan Monecke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (R.E.); (S.M.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena e. V., 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, Dresden University Hospital, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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20
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Multilocus sequence analysis reveals genetic diversity in Staphylococcus aureus isolate of goat with mastitis persistent after treatment with enrofloxacin. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17252. [PMID: 34446803 PMCID: PMC8390490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96764-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main bacterial agents responsible for cases of mastitis in ruminants, playing an important role in the persistence and chronicity of diseases treated with antimicrobials. Using the multilocus sequence typing technique, network approaches and study of the population diversity of microorganisms, we performed analyzes of S. aureus (ES-GPM) isolated from goats with persistent mastitis (GPM). The most strains of ES-GPM were categorically different phylogenetically from the others and could be divided into two lineages: one with a majority belonging to ES-GPM and the other to varied strains. These two lineages were separated by 27 nuclear polymorphisms. The 43 strains comprised 22 clonal complexes (CCs), of which the ES-GPM strains were present in CC133, CC5 and a new complex formed by the sequence type 4966. The genetic diversity of some alleles showed be greater diversity and polymorphism than others, such as of the aroE and yqiL genes less than glpF gene. In addition, the sequences ES-GPM to the arc gene and glpF alleles showed the greatest number of mutations for ES-GPM in relation to non-ES-GPM. Therefore, this study identified genetic polymorphisms characteristic of S. aureus isolated from milk of goats diagnosed with persistent mastitis after the failed treatment with the antibiotic enrofloxacin. This study may help in the future to identify and discriminate this agent in cases of mastitis, and with that, the most appropriate antibiotic treatment can be performed in advance of the appearance of persistent mastitis caused by the agent, reducing the chances of premature culling and animal suffering.
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Molecular fingerprinting of bovine mastitis-associated Staphylococcus aureus isolates from India. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15228. [PMID: 34315981 PMCID: PMC8316343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94760-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major etiological agent of clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis. Owing to the mostly backyard dairy practices, we hypothesized that genetic diversity among mastitis-associated S. aureus from India would be high, and investigated 166 isolates obtained mostly from the Southern State of Karnataka, but also from a few other states. The results revealed (a) 8 to 13 fragments in pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), forming 31 distinct patterns, and (b) 34 spa types, of which three (t17680, t18314, and t18320) were newly identified. Multi-locus sequencing typing (MLST) identified 39 sequence types (STs), with ST2454 (34.4%) and ST2459 (24%) being the most commonly represented, which clustered to clonal complexes (CC) CC9 and CC97, respectively; 12 STs were newly identified. Thirty-four (20.5%) of the 166 isolates displayed oxacillin resistance. On the other hand, whereas none were mecC+, 44 (26.5%) isolates were mecA+, with a predominance of SCCmecIVb (26/32 isolates, others being untypeable); 24 isolates (14.46%) were oxacillin-susceptible methicillin-resistant S. aureus (OS-MRSA; mecA+ but OS). Integrated analysis revealed that CC9-ST2454- and CC97-ST2459-SCCmecIVb were the predominant MRSA, although the distribution of CC9 and CC97 was similar between methicillin-resistant and -susceptible isolates. By PCR, 56.25%, 28.75% and 47.5% of the 166 isolates were positive for hlg, tsst and pvl genes, respectively. Our results, for the first time describe the application of a combination of various molecular methods to bovine mastitis-associated S. aureus isolates from India, corroborate the worldwide distribution of CC97 and CC9, and suggest pathogenic potential of the isolates.
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Zaatout N, Hezil D. A meta-analysis of the global prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:140-154. [PMID: 34171143 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This meta-analysis aims to assess the point prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from bovine mastitis cases at the global level. METHODS AND RESULTS Several electronic databases were searched for relevant publications (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Knowledge and Cochrane Library). Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the Cochrane Q test and I2 test statistics based on the random-effect model. The potential sources of between-study heterogeneity were evaluated using subgroup analysis and meta-regression. Sensitivity and publication bias analyses were performed. Sixty-six studies with a total of 77,644 mastitis cases were eligible and included in the analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of MRSA was 4·30% (95% CI: 3·24-5·50) with a significant heterogeneity (I2 = 97·48%, p < 0·001). In the subgroup analysis by region, the highest prevalence was found in Asia (6·47%, 95% CI: 4·33-8·97), and the lowest prevalence was reported in Europe (1·18%, 95% CI: 0·18-2·83). The pooled prevalence was significantly higher in clinical mastitis and cases published during 2016-2020. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that there is a lower prevalence of MRSA in bovine mastitis. However, its prevalence increased in the past 4 years. Therefore, continuous surveillance is urgently required for monitoring the dissemination of these clinically important bacteria. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis to estimate the global prevalence of MRSA isolated from bovine mastitis cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawel Zaatout
- Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Batna 2, Batna, Algeria
| | - Djamila Hezil
- Research Laboratory Management of Local Animal Resources, National Veterinary School, Algiers, Algeria
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Krishnamoorthy P, Goudar AL, Suresh KP, Roy P. Global and countrywide prevalence of subclinical and clinical mastitis in dairy cattle and buffaloes by systematic review and meta-analysis. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:561-586. [PMID: 33892366 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, subclinical mastitis (SCM) and clinical mastitis (CM) prevalence for various countries in the World were calculated by using online and offline databases. The SCM and CM prevalence studies reported during 1967-2019 were collected, reviewed, and a meta-analysis was done in R-Software. A total of 222 and 150 studies from the World and 103 and 37 studies from India on SCM and CM, respectively were included. The pooled prevalence of SCM and CM were 42% [Confidence Interval (CI) 38-45%, Prediction Interval (PI) 10-83%] and 15% [CI 12-19%, PI 1-81%] in the World respectively, 45% [CI 40-49%, PI 11-84%] and 18% [CI 14-23%, PI 3-60%] in India respectively. Continent-wise analysis indicated a higher prevalence of SCM in North America and CM in Europe and among the countries, a higher SCM prevalence in Uganda and CM in the United Kingdom was observed. Further, species-wise indicated a higher SCM and CM prevalence in buffaloes of the World than the cattle. Based on method-wise, SCM and CM prevalence were high in somatic cell count and clinical examination, respectively in the World. The SCM prevalence was higher than CM and indicated the importance of SCM in dairy cattle. This might result in low milk productivity in dairying and may set off losses to dairy farmers. Hence, there is an urgent need to reduce the SCM and CM prevalence by implementing scientific dairy management, good feeding practices, and timely therapeutic interventions for increasing the benefits from dairying to the farmers in the World.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramanandham Krishnamoorthy
- Pathoepidemiology Laboratory, ICAR- National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Post Box No.6450, Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India.
| | - Akshata Lokanath Goudar
- Pathoepidemiology Laboratory, ICAR- National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Post Box No.6450, Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Kuralayanapalya Puttahonnappa Suresh
- Pathoepidemiology Laboratory, ICAR- National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Post Box No.6450, Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Parimal Roy
- Pathoepidemiology Laboratory, ICAR- National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Post Box No.6450, Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India
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Hänel I, Müller E, Santamarina BG, Tomaso H, Hotzel H, Busch A. Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Genomic Analysis of Aliarcobacter cibarius and Aliarcobacter thereius, Two Rarely Detected Aliarcobacter Species. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:532989. [PMID: 33816322 PMCID: PMC8010192 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.532989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aliarcobacter cibarius and Aliarcobacter thereius are two rarely detected Aliarcobacter species. In the study, we analyzed the antimicrobial susceptibility and provide detailed insights into the genotype and phylogeny of both species using whole-genome sequencing. Thermophilic Campylobacter species are the most common bacterial foodborne pathogens causing gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. The genus Aliarcobacter is part of the Campylobacteraceae family and includes the species Aliarcobacter butzleri, Aliarcobacter cryaerophilus, Aliarcobacter skirrowii, and the rarely described Aliarcobacter cibarius, Aliarcobacter faecis, Aliarcobacter lanthieri, Aliarcobacter thereius, and Acrobarter trophiarum. Aliarcobacter are emergent enteropathogens and potential zoonotic agents. Here, we generated, analyzed, and characterized whole-genome sequences of Aliarcobacter cibarius and Aliarcobacter thereius. They were isolated from water poultry farms in Germany, cultured and identified by MALDI-TOF MS. With PCR the identity was verified. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out with erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, tetracycline, gentamicin, streptomycin, ampicillin, and cefotaxime using the gradient strip method (E-test). Whole-genome sequences were generated including those of reference strains. Complete genomes for six selected strains are reported. These provide detailed insights into the genotype. With these, we predicted in silico known AMR genes, virulence-associated genes, and plasmid replicons. Phenotypic analysis of resistance showed differences between the presence of resistance genes and the prediction of phenotypic resistance profiles. In Aliarcobacter butzleri, the nucleotide sequence of the gyrA gene (DQ464331) can show a signature mutation resulting in an amino acid change T85>I. Acrobarter cibarius and Acrobarter thereius showed the same gene as assessed by similarity annotation of the mutations 254C>G. Most of the isolates were found to be sensitive to ciprofloxacin. The ciprofloxacin-resistant Aliarcobacter thereius isolate was associated with the amino acid change T85>I. But this was not predicted with antibiotic resistance databases, before. Ultimately, a phylogenetic analysis was done to facilitate in future outbreak analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Hänel
- IBIZ, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Eva Müller
- IBIZ, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Helmut Hotzel
- IBIZ, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Anne Busch
- IBIZ, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Jena, Jena, Germany.,Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
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Müller E, Hotzel H, Linde J, Hänel I, Tomaso H. Antimicrobial Resistance and in silico Virulence Profiling of Aliarcobacter butzleri Strains From German Water Poultry. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:617685. [PMID: 33381106 PMCID: PMC7767855 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.617685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aliarcobacter butzleri is an emerging foodborne and zoonotic pathogen that is usually transmitted via contaminated food or water. A. butzleri is not only the most prevalent Aliarcobacter species, it is also closely related to thermophilic Campylobacter, which have shown increasing resistance in recent years. Therefore, it is important to assess its resistance and virulence profiles. In this study, 45 Aliarcobacter butzleri strains from water poultry farms in Thuringia, Germany, were subjected to an antimicrobial susceptibility test using the gradient strip diffusion method and whole-genome sequencing. In the phylogenetic analysis, the genomes of the German strains showed high genetic diversity. Thirty-three isolates formed 11 subgroups containing two to six strains. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that 32 strains were resistant to erythromycin, 26 to doxycycline, and 20 to tetracycline, respectively. Only two strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin, while 39 strains were resistant to streptomycin. The in silico prediction of the antimicrobial resistance profiles identified a large repertoire of potential resistance mechanisms. A strong correlation between a gyrA point mutation (Thr-85-Ile) and ciprofloxacin resistance was found in 11 strains. A partial correlation was observed between the presence of the bla3 gene and ampicillin resistance. In silico virulence profiling revealed a broad spectrum of putative virulence factors, including a complete lipid A cluster in all studied genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Müller
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses (IBIZ), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses (IBIZ), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
| | - Jörg Linde
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses (IBIZ), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hänel
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses (IBIZ), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
| | - Herbert Tomaso
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses (IBIZ), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
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Microarray-based detection of resistance genes in coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from cattle and buffalo with mastitis in Egypt. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:3855-3862. [PMID: 33026613 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to provide a detailed characterization of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolated from cows and buffaloes with mastitis. The study included seventy-five CoNS isolates (60 came from cattle and 15 from buffaloes) originating from 68 individual quarters of 67 dairy cows (53 cattle and 14 buffaloes). The animals belonged to five different small holding dairy herds (n = 140 cows) that show clinical or subclinical mastitis. CoNS isolates were phenotypically characterized using MALDI-TOF-MS and were further genotypically characterized by microarray-based assays. Furthermore, the antimicrobial susceptibility of CoNS strains which carried the mecA gene was examined by broth microdilution. The occurrence of CoNS in the respective five herds was 10.5%, 14.7%, 14.8%, 12.8%, and 9.9%, with an average of 12.4%. Six different CoNS species were identified: S. sciuri (n = 37; 30 from cattle and 7 from buffaloes), S. chromogenes (n = 14; 8 from cattle and 6 from buffaloes), S. haemolyticus (n = 10; nine from cattle and one buffalo), S. xylosus (n = 10; nine from cattle and one buffalo), S. hyicus (n = 2), S. warneri (n = 1), and unidentified CoNS (n = 1). Twenty percent (20%) of CoNS isolates (17.3% of cattle origin) carried at least one antimicrobial resistance gene, while 4% of the isolate including two isolates of S. haemolyticus and one S. warneri of cattle origin carried the mecA gene and were phenotypically identified as methicillin-resistant strains. The genes detected were blaZ (16%), followed by tet(K) (8%), aacA-aphD (4%), aphA3 (2.6%), msr(A) (2.6%), [far1 (2.6%), and fusC (2.6%)], sat (2.6%), and cat (1.3%) conferring resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, gentamicin, neomycin/kanamycin, erythromycin, fusidic acid, streptothricin, and chloramphenicol, respectively. The majority of investigated CoNS strains displayed considerably low prevalence of resistance genes, while resistance to more than three antibiotics was found in S. haemolyticus and S. warneri. Implementing effective preventive measures is, therefore, important for limiting the transmission of CoNS, rather than using antibiotics to control mastitis in bovines.
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Müller E, Abdel-Glil MY, Hotzel H, Hänel I, Tomaso H. Aliarcobacter butzleri from Water Poultry: Insights into Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence and Heavy Metal Resistance. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091104. [PMID: 32967159 PMCID: PMC7564025 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aliarcobacter butzleri is the most prevalent Aliarcobacter species and has been isolated from a wide variety of sources. This species is an emerging foodborne and zoonotic pathogen because the bacteria can be transmitted by contaminated food or water and can cause acute enteritis in humans. Currently, there is no database to identify antimicrobial/heavy metal resistance and virulence-associated genes specific for A. butzleri. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance profile of two A. butzleri isolates from Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) reared on a water poultry farm in Thuringia, Germany, and to create a database to fill this capability gap. The taxonomic classification revealed that the isolates belong to the Aliarcobacter gen. nov. as A. butzleri comb. nov. The antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the gradient strip method. While one of the isolates was resistant to five antibiotics, the other isolate was resistant to only two antibiotics. The presence of antimicrobial/heavy metal resistance genes and virulence determinants was determined using two custom-made databases. The custom-made databases identified a large repertoire of potential resistance and virulence-associated genes. This study provides the first resistance and virulence determinants database for A. butzleri.
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Müller E, Hotzel H, Ahlers C, Hänel I, Tomaso H, Abdel-Glil MY. Genomic Analysis and Antimicrobial Resistance of Aliarcobacter cryaerophilus Strains From German Water Poultry. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1549. [PMID: 32754133 PMCID: PMC7365950 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aliarcobacter cryaerophilus (formerly Arcobacter cryaerophilus) is a globally emerging foodborne and zoonotic pathogen. However, little is known about the species’ genomic features and diversity, antibiotic resistance and virulence. In this study, 27 A. cryaerophilus strains from water poultry in Thuringia, Germany, were investigated using whole-genome sequencing. Four of these strains were sequenced using long- and short-read sequencing methods to obtain circularized genomes. The German strains belong to the A. cryaerophilus cluster I. Cluster I genomes exhibited a high degree of genetic diversity in which variable sites comprised 9.1% of the core genome. The German strains formed three subgroups that contained 2, 6, and 9 strains, respectively. The genomic analysis of cluster I revealed variable presence of mobile elements and that 65% of the strains lack CRISPR systems. The four circularized genomes carried a ∼2 Mbp chromosome and a single megaplasmid (size 98.1–154.5 Kbp). The chromosome was densely packed with coding sequences (∼92%) and showed inversions and shifts in the gene blocks between different strains. Antimicrobial resistance was assessed using a gradient strip diffusion method and showed that all 27 strains were resistant to cefotaxime and susceptible to erythromycin, gentamicin, and ampicillin. Sixteen strains were also resistant to ciprofloxacin, whereas 23 were resistant to streptomycin. The genetic prediction of antibiotic resistance identified numerous efflux pumps similar to those found in A. butzleri. All strains harbored two beta-lactamase genes which may explain the cefotaxime resistance. A correlation between the gyrA point mutation (Thr-85-Ile) and ciprofloxacin resistance was partially discovered in 15 out of 16 strains. In silico virulence profiling showed a wide range of virulence factors including a full chemotaxis system and most of the flagellar genes. In contrast to A. butzleri, no urease cluster was found. This study provides new insights into the genomic variability of A. cryaerophilus strains of cluster I. The different genetic makeup of these strains may contribute to the virulence of strains and the severity of the infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Müller
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses (IBIZ), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses (IBIZ), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Ahlers
- Thuringian Animal Disease Fund, Poultry Health Service, Jena, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hänel
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses (IBIZ), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
| | - Herbert Tomaso
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses (IBIZ), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
| | - Mostafa Y Abdel-Glil
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses (IBIZ), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
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Lima MC, de Barros M, Scatamburlo TM, Polveiro RC, de Castro LK, Guimarães SHS, da Costa SL, da Costa MM, Moreira MAS. Profiles of Staphyloccocus aureus isolated from goat persistent mastitis before and after treatment with enrofloxacin. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:127. [PMID: 32448145 PMCID: PMC7245832 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main causative agents of mastitis in small ruminants. Antimicrobial use is the major treatment, but there are many flaws linked to resistance, tolerance or persistence. This study aimed to verify changes in resistance, virulence and clonal profiles of S. aureus isolated from persistent mastitis goat milk before and after enrofloxacin treatment. RESULTS MIC increased to at least one antimicrobial in S. aureus isolates after enrofloxacin treatment compared to before. The most detected resistance genes before and after treatment were tetK, tetM, and blaZ, with more resistance genes detected after enrofloxacin treatment (p < 0.05). Occasional variations in efflux system gene detection were observed before and after treatment. Nine virulence genes (hla, fnbA, fnbB, eta, etb, sea, sec, seh, and sej) were detected at both times, and between these, the hla and eta genes were detected more in isolates after treatment. All isolates of S. aureus belonged to the same sequence type (ST) 133, except for two S. aureus isolates prior to enrofloxacin treatment which were classified as ST5 and the other as a new one, ST4966. Isolates of S. aureus 4, 8, and 100 from before and after treatment had identical pulse types, while others obtained from other animals before and after treatment were classified into distinct pulse types. CONCLUSION There were occasional changes in the studied profiles of S. aureus isolated before and after treatment of animals with enrofloxacin, which may have contributed to the permanence of bacteria in the mammary gland, even when using traditional treatment, resulting in persistent mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magna Coroa Lima
- Laboratory of Bacterial Diseases (LDBAC), Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Vicosa (UFV), PH Rolfs Avenue, s/n, University Campus, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Barros
- Laboratory of Bacterial Diseases (LDBAC), Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Vicosa (UFV), PH Rolfs Avenue, s/n, University Campus, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Thalita Moreira Scatamburlo
- Laboratory of Bacterial Diseases (LDBAC), Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Vicosa (UFV), PH Rolfs Avenue, s/n, University Campus, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Richard Costa Polveiro
- Laboratory of Bacterial Diseases (LDBAC), Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Vicosa (UFV), PH Rolfs Avenue, s/n, University Campus, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Laís Karolyne de Castro
- Laboratory of Bacterial Diseases (LDBAC), Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Vicosa (UFV), PH Rolfs Avenue, s/n, University Campus, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Samuel Henrique Sales Guimarães
- Laboratory of Bacterial Diseases (LDBAC), Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Vicosa (UFV), PH Rolfs Avenue, s/n, University Campus, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Sanely Lourenço da Costa
- Laboratory of Bacterial Diseases (LDBAC), Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Vicosa (UFV), PH Rolfs Avenue, s/n, University Campus, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Mateus Matiuzzi da Costa
- Laboratory of Microbiology and animal immunology, Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), José de Sá Maniçoba Street, Center, Petrolina, Pernambuco, 56306-410, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Scatamburlo Moreira
- Laboratory of Bacterial Diseases (LDBAC), Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Vicosa (UFV), PH Rolfs Avenue, s/n, University Campus, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
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Zayda MG, Masuda Y, Hammad AM, Honjoh KI, Elbagory AM, Miyamoto T. Molecular characterisation of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis and Egyptian raw milk cheese. Int Dairy J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Occurrence and characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in buffalo bulk tank milk and the farm workers in Italy. Food Microbiol 2020; 91:103509. [PMID: 32539967 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the occurrence of MRSA in buffalo dairy farms and in buffalo tank milk from Italy, and to provide information about the antimicrobial resistance profile and molecular characteristics of the isolates. We collected 75 bulk tank milk (BTM) samples from 75 farms and 24 nasal swabs from 24 farm operators. Three (4%) of the 75 BTM samples and 1 (4%) of the 24 human nasal swabs tested positive for MRSA. The milk isolates belonged to the genotypes ST1/t127/Va and ST72/t3092/V, while the human isolate was characterized as ST1/t127/IVa. All isolates were multidrug resistant but vancomycin susceptible; they carried the icaA gene but tested negative for the pvl and ses genes. ST72 is a CA-MRSA commonly found in South Korea, and this is the first report of its detection in Europe. Although we found a low prevalence of MRSA in the farms we surveyed, this study clearly demonstrates, for the first time in Europe, that MRSA can be found in dairy buffalo farms and in raw buffalo milk. Therefore, the risk of human colonization/infection with MRSA linked to the handling of raw milk or consumption of contaminated dairy products should not be ruled out.
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Osei Sekyere J, Mensah E. Molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. in Africa: a systematic review from a One Health perspective. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1465:29-58. [PMID: 31647583 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A systematic review of antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacteria in Africa from a One Health perspective is lacking. Here, we report result from a search for English-language articles on the resistance mechanisms and clonality of Gram-positive bacteria in Africa between 2007 and 2019 reported in PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and African Journals OnLine; 172 studies from 22 different African countries were identified. Resistance genes, such as mecA, erm(B), erm(C), tet(M), tet(K), tet(L), vanB, vanA, vanC, and tet(O), were found to be common. Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. were the main species reported by the studies, with clones such as Staphylococcus aureus ST5 (n = 218 isolates), ST8 (n = 127 isolates), ST80 (n = 133 isolates), and ST88 (n = 117 isolates), and mobile genetic elements such as IS16 (n = 28 isolates), IS256 (n = 96), Tn916 (n = 107 isolates), and SCCmec (n = 4437 isolates) identified. SCCmec IV (n = 747 isolates) was predominant, followed by SCCmec III (n = 305 isolates), SCCmec II (n = 163 isolates), SCCmec V (n = 135 isolates), and SCCmec I (n = 79 isolates). Resistance to penicillin (n = 5926 isolates), tetracycline (n = 5300 isolates), erythromycin (n = 5151 isolates), rifampicin (n = 3823 isolates), gentamycin (n = 3494 isolates), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (n = 3089 isolates), and ciprofloxacin (n = 2746 isolates) was common in most reports from 22 countries. Clonal dissemination of resistance across countries and between humans, animals, and the environment was observed. Resistance rates ranged from 1.4% to 100% for 15 of the studies; 10 were One Health-related studies. Strict infection control measures, antimicrobial stewardship, and periodic One Health epidemiological surveillance studies are needed to monitor and contain the threat of increasing antibiotic resistance in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Osei Sekyere
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Eric Mensah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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El-Ashker M, Gwida M, Monecke S, El-Gohary F, Ehricht R, Elsayed M, Akinduti P, El-Fateh M, Maurischat S. Antimicrobial resistance pattern and virulence profile of S. aureus isolated from household cattle and buffalo with mastitis in Egypt. Vet Microbiol 2019; 240:108535. [PMID: 31902507 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin resistant S. aureus from cows with mastitis has received a growing interest worldwide. The present study aimed to provide a detailed description of the resistance and virulence traits of isolates from bovine mastitis samples. A total of 550 quarter milk samples were collected from 140 mastitic household dairy cows and buffalo from five herds at Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt, during 2017 and 2018. Staphylococcus spp. were isolated and differentiated using MALDI-TOF MS. A genotypic characterization was performed for S. aureus isolates using DNA-microarray and staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing. Furthermore, antibiotic resistances were phenotypically confirmed using broth microdilution. Six different clonal lineages (CC1-MRSA, CC5-MRSA, CC45-MRSA, CC97-MSSA, CC50-MSSA and CC1153-MSSA), including seven spa types (t127, t688, t132, t267, t521, t224 and t903) were identified. Spa type t267 was the most dominant among the investigated herds. This is the first report of the occurrence of clonal lineages CC97, CC1, CC45, CC50 and CC1153 from bovine mastitis in Egypt. All MRSA isolates and 33.3 % of MSSA were multi-resistant (i.e. resistant to more than three classes of compounds). Various virulence determinants were also observed including leukocidins, hemolysins, and enterotoxins. The study demonstrates a low diversity of S. aureus isolates recovered from several dairy herds. The findings of the observed virulotypes can be useful for future studies on anti-virulence therapies, immunogenicity and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged El-Ashker
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Mayada Gwida
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516 Egypt
| | - Stefan Monecke
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Department for Optical Molecular Diagnostics and System Technology, Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Centre for Applied Research, Jena, Germany; Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty "Carl Gustav Carus", Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fatma El-Gohary
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516 Egypt
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Department for Optical Molecular Diagnostics and System Technology, Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Centre for Applied Research, Jena, Germany; Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Mona Elsayed
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516 Egypt
| | - Paul Akinduti
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Otta, Nigeria
| | - Mohamed El-Fateh
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516 Egypt
| | - Sven Maurischat
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany
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Achek R, El-Adawy H, Hotzel H, Tomaso H, Ehricht R, Hamdi TM, Azzi O, Monecke S. Short communication: Diversity of staphylococci isolated from sheep mastitis in northern Algeria. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:890-897. [PMID: 31733855 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis in ruminants is an important disease with major effects on both the economy and animal welfare. It is caused by major pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and minor pathogens such as coagulase-negative staphylococci. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize staphylococci as a cause of sheep mastitis in Algeria. In this study, 123 milk samples were collected directly from the udder of sheep suffering from clinical mastitis in 2 provinces in Algeria. Recovered isolates were identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Virulence-associated and antimicrobial resistance genes as well as clonal complexes (CC) of S. aureus were determined using microarray-based analysis. A total of 45 staphylococci isolates were cultivated from sheep milk samples, and 28 S. aureus were identified as methicillin susceptible (62.2%). Seventeen other Staphylococcus isolates of different species were identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Subsequent microarray analysis typed the methicillin-susceptible S. aureus to 6 CC: CC8-MSSA, CC97-MSSA, CC130/521-MSSA, CC479-MSSA, CC522-MSSA, and CC705-MSSA. The accessory gene regulator agrIII and the ruminant leukocidin genes lukF-P83 and lukM were found in all isolates of CC130/521, CC479, CC522, and CC705. The toxic shock syndrome toxin gene tst1 was detected exclusively in CC130/521. Additionally, virulence-associated genes (sea, sed, sak, hld, hlgA, edinB, and others) were detected. The presence of antibiotic resistance genes [blaZ, erm(B), and tet(K)] was detected in small numbers of staphylococci. Staphylococci possessing these genes are considered potential hazards for farm animals, farmers, and consumers. Data concerning the prevalence and diversity of staphylococci causing mastitis in sheep from Algeria are lacking. Presented results on different aspects about staphylococci in Algerian sheep populations should at least partially close that gap. However, further extensive studies covering more geographical regions are needed to assess the epidemiological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Achek
- Faculty of Nature and Life and Earth Sciences, Djilali-Bounaama University, Soufay, 44225 Khemis-Miliana, Algeria; Laboratory of Food Hygiene and Quality Assurance System, High National Veterinary School, Oued Smar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 07743 Jena, Germany; Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 35516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 35516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Herbert Tomaso
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 35516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena e. V., 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Taha Mossadak Hamdi
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene and Quality Assurance System, High National Veterinary School, Oued Smar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Omar Azzi
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene and Quality Assurance System, High National Veterinary School, Oued Smar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Stefan Monecke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena e. V., 07743 Jena, Germany; Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty "Carl Gustav Carus," Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Mama OM, Dieng M, Hanne B, Ruiz-Ripa L, Diop CGM, Torres C. Genetic characterisation of staphylococci of food-producing animals in Senegal. PVL detection among MSSA. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:391. [PMID: 31684939 PMCID: PMC6829939 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2137-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Food-producing animals can be a vehicle for staphylococcal species as well as their virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes. This work aimed to analyse the diversity of staphylococcal species in food-producing animals in Dakar/Senegal, and to determine the antimicrobial resistance phenotype/genotype and virulence factors of recovered isolates. Nasal samples of 149 cows and 199 chickens (348 animals) were collected from one slaughterhouse and a local market respectively, and were inoculated on selective media for staphylococci recovery. For S. aureus isolates, molecular typing (spa-type, MLST) was performed by PCR/sequencing, and the presence of 27 virulence genes (exfoliative and toxic shock toxins, PVL, haemolysins and enterotoxins) as well as the gene scn were analysed by PCR. Susceptibility to twelve antibiotics was studied by disc-diffusion method for all staphylococci; the resistance genes involved were screened by PCR. Results Staphylococcus spp. was present in 3 and 26.8% of chicken and cow nasal samples, respectively. Seven S. aureus isolates and forty isolates of other staphylococcal species were identified. S. aureus isolates were recovered from cow (n = 6) and chicken (n = 1) samples, belonging to four genetic lineages: t084/ST15 (n = 1); t10579/ST291 (n = 3); t355, t4690/ST152 (n = 2); and t6618/ST6 (n = 1). All S. aureus were methicillin-susceptible, penicillin-resistant (blaZ), and two of them were also tetracycline-resistant [tet(K)]. All the isolates carried at least one of the virulence genes tested. The PVL genes were detected in three ST15 and ST152 isolates. They all harboured haemolysins encoding genes and lacked the scn gene. The other staphylococci recovered were S. sciuri (n = 16), S. simulans (n = 11), S. hyicus (n = 5), S. haemolyticus (n = 4), S. chromogenes (n = 3), and S. hominis (n = 1); they were all methicillin-susceptible and 27.5% tetracycline-resistant [tet(K) and tet(L)]. Conclusions A low prevalence of S. aureus was detected among food-producing animals, all susceptible to methicillin. However, the presence of virulence genes (lukF/lukS-PV, eta, tst, sea and see) is worrisome to the extent that they could be transferred to derived food and therefore, to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olouwafemi Mistourath Mama
- Departamento Agricultura y Alimentación, Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 51, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Modou Dieng
- LAE/ Ecole Supérieure polytechnique de Dakar, UCAD, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Bocar Hanne
- Service Vétérinaire, Société de gestion des abattoirs du Sénégal, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Laura Ruiz-Ripa
- Departamento Agricultura y Alimentación, Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 51, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Torres
- Departamento Agricultura y Alimentación, Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 51, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
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Genotyping and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from dairy ruminants: differences in the distribution of clonal types between cattle and small ruminants. Arch Microbiol 2019; 202:115-125. [PMID: 31501949 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01722-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is part of the normal flora of animals, and represents one of the leading causes of contagious mastitis in dairy herds worldwide. Sixty-seven epidemiologically unrelated S. aureus isolates from nasal and mastitis milk samples of dairy-producing animals (32 cows, 25 sheep, and 10 goats) were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and spa typing followed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) on representative isolates and SCCmec-typing on methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates. The highest resistance was observed to penicillin (64.2%, 43/67), followed by tetracycline (23.9%, 16/67), erythromycin (22.4%, 15/67), and streptomycin (17.9%, 12/67). In general, 18 spa types (including newly identified t16958) and 13 sequence types (STs) belonging to 8 clonal complexes (CCs) were detected. The cow-associated isolates were mainly assigned to CC5 (n = 18, related to t267-ST97, t521-ST352, t527-ST97, t304-ST6, and t084-ST15), followed by CC398 (n = 6, t937-ST291), CC45 (n = 3, t230-ST45), CC88 (n = 2, t2526-ST88), CC22 (n = 2, t3680-ST22), and CC522 (n = 1, t3576-ST522). Small ruminant isolates were mostly clustered into CC522 (n = 29, related to t3576, t1534, t16958, t7308, t7311, t7305 [ST522], t1534-ST2057, and t5428-ST2079). Two isolates from cows with mastitis were found to be MRSA, exhibited a composite profile of t937-ST291-SCCmecIV. No isolates carried the PVL and mecC genes. A significant difference in clonal types of S. aureus isolates from cows in comparison with those from small ruminants was found. This study demonstrated the circulation of diverse clones of S. aureus among dairy animals in Iran, with a different clonal composition between cows and small ruminants. The current study also reports MRSA-related mastitis in dairy cows, emphasizing the need for comprehensive surveillance.
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Panahi M, Saei HD. Genetic diversity and methicillin resistance of Staphylococcus aureus originating from buffaloes with mastitis in Iran. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 62:19-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hänel I, Hotzel H, Tomaso H, Busch A. Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Genomic Structure of Arcobacter skirrowii Isolates. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3067. [PMID: 30619152 PMCID: PMC6302008 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are considered the most common bacterial cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in the world. The family Campylobacteraceae includes the genus Arcobacter with the three species Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus, and Arcobacter skirrowii as emergent enteropathogens and potential zoonotic agents. Here, we characterized genome sequences of Arcobacter that were isolated from water poultry on farms in Germany. Isolates were cultured, identified by MALDI-TOF MS and identification was verified with PCR assays. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of isolates was carried out with erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, tetracycline, gentamicin, and streptomycin using the gradient strip method (E-test). We also sequenced whole genomes and predicted antibiotic resistance determinants, virulence factors, performed a phylogenetic analysis to determine the genetic relatedness of these isolates and searched for plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Hänel
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses (IBIZ), Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses (IBIZ), Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Herbert Tomaso
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses (IBIZ), Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Anne Busch
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses (IBIZ), Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Jena, Germany
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Awad A, Ramadan H, Nasr S, Ateya A, Atwa S. Genetic Characterization, Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Virulence Determinants of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated form Bovine Mastitis. Pak J Biol Sci 2017; 20:298-305. [PMID: 29023054 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2017.298.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Staphylococcus aureus is commonly associated with mastitis in dairy herds with potential public health implications. This study was conducted to investigate the existence of S. aureus in mastitic milk and to determine the antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolated strains as well as the resistance and virulence associated genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred quarter milk samples were collected from 3 dairy farms at Dakahliya (n = 2) and Damietta (n = 1) Governorates, Egypt from September to December 2016. Conventional culturing and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays targeting nuc (thermonuclease) and coa (coagulase) genes were performed. Isolates were tested for its susceptibility against 14 antimicrobial agents using disk diffusion method. All the isolates were screened for the presence of β-lactamases (blaZ, mecA) and virulence associated (pvl and tst) genes by PCR. RESULTS The S. aureus was detected in 42% (84/200) of the total examined milk samples. Regarding the antibiogram results, S. aureus revealed a high resistance against ampicillin (95.2%) and penicillin (83.3%) and a lower resistance was observed against gentamicin (23.8%), amikacin (16.7%) and ciprofloxacin (14.3%). Multidrug resistances were detected in 83.3% of the isolated S. aureus. Of the 70 penicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates, blaZ gene was identified in 67 (95.7%) isolates. Fifty percent of S. aureus isolates harbored the specific amplicon of mecA gene. Markedly, all mecA positive strains displayed multidrug resistance and were also positive for blaZ gene. The virulence determinants pvl and tst were detected in 7.1 and 11.9% of the isolated S. aureus, respectively. CONCLUSION Presence of multidrug resistant and toxin producing S. aureus in dairy farms pose a major risk to public health. Therefore, this study highlighted the importance of developing an efficient control program to inhibit the transmission of S. aureus, particularly multidrug resistant strains to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Awad
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egyp
| | - Hazem Ramadan
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sherif Nasr
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ateya
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Samar Atwa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
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Zhou Z, Zhang M, Li H, Yang H, Li X, Song X, Wang Z. Prevalence and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from goats in Chongqing, China. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:352. [PMID: 29178873 PMCID: PMC5702051 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1272-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is an important zoonotic pathogen which not only causes significant economic loss in livestock production but also poses a potential threat to public health. Compared with bovine and swine, the information on the colonization of S. aureus in goats is very limited. To understand the prevalence and characteristics of S. aureus in goats, we used the nasal swabs collected from apparently healthy goats to isolate S. aureus, and tested their antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence gene carrying levels, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). RESULTS In 74 nasal swabs of apparently healthy goats, 32 (43.24%) S. aureus strains were isolated and identified, most of which were susceptible to many antibiotics, except for trimethoprim, furazolidone, amoxicillin, lincomycin and roxithromycin, and the resistance incidence of which were 50%, 40.63%, 37.5%, 28.13%, and 21.88% respectively. All the isolates were methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and mecA-negative. Enterotoxin genes were found in 53.13% of the strains. Of which, sej was the most prevalent (21.88%), followed by seb, sec, and see with the same level (18.75%). The most prevalent combination were seb + see and seb + tst. None of the S. aureus isolates harbored sea, sed, seh, eta and etb. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) revealed 6 new alleles (aroe-552, aroe-553, glpf-500, pta-440, yqil-482 and yqil-496) and 5 new sequence types (STs) (3431,3440,3444,3445 and 3461). Using eBURST, the 5 STs were assigned to clonal complex 522 (CC522) and a further CC with no predicted ancestor. Phylogenetic analysis of seven concatenated MLST alleles revealed that the 5 STs were grouped into cluster I composed of S. aureus mainly from goats and sheep. CONCLUSION We provide the data for prevalence of S. aureus in goats in Chongqing municipality and their characterization which will help in tracking evolution of epidemic strains and their control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoyong Zhou
- College of Animal Science, Rongchang Campus of Southwest University, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China. .,Veterinary Science Engineering Research Center of Chongqing, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China.
| | - Mengsi Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Rongchang Campus of Southwest University, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Veterinary Science Engineering Research Center of Chongqing, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hexian Li
- College of Animal Science, Rongchang Campus of Southwest University, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Veterinary Science Engineering Research Center of Chongqing, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Haoyue Yang
- College of Animal Science, Rongchang Campus of Southwest University, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Veterinary Science Engineering Research Center of Chongqing, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- College of Animal Science, Rongchang Campus of Southwest University, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Veterinary Science Engineering Research Center of Chongqing, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Xinyue Song
- College of Animal Science, Rongchang Campus of Southwest University, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Veterinary Science Engineering Research Center of Chongqing, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- College of Animal Science, Rongchang Campus of Southwest University, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Veterinary Science Engineering Research Center of Chongqing, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China
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Tomaso H, Otto P, Peters M, Süss J, Karger A, Schamoni H, Zuchantke E, Hotzel H. Francisella tularensis and other bacteria in hares and ticks in North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany). Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2017; 9:325-329. [PMID: 29239792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tularemia is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. The disease can be transmitted to humans through contact with infected animals such as the European brown hare (Lepus europaeus) and ticks as vectors. The aim of this study was to isolate F. tularensis from ticks and hares in North Rhine-Westphalia using cysteine heart agar to determine their genetic relatedness and to identify other bacteria that grow on this medium. 848 European brown hares and 1556 questing ticks (all Ixodes ricinus) from forests were tested using cultivation and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry or partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The majority of F. tularensis isolates from hares (n=24; 96%) and genomic F. tularensis DNA recovered from ticks belonged to the basal genetic clade IV and subclade B.18. These isolates were sensitive to erythromycin and were assigned to biovar I. Only a single strain isolated from a hare was assigned to basal clade I (B.12/B.35). All isolates were sensitive to tetracycline, doxycycline, streptomycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin. Only 4 tick pools were positive for F. tularensis and cultivation was not successful in any of the pools. Most of the other isolated bacteria belonged to the order Bacillales with 36 Staphylococcus isolates, 9 Bacillus isolates and 8 Paenibacillus isolates. Prominent members of Enterobacterales were represented by different genera like Pantoea, Erwinia, Raoultella etc. Several of the bacterial species were soil or plant-associated, but some of the bacterial species were found in I. ricinus for the first time. Our results showed that F. tularensis was detected only in few ticks of an endemic area, but ticks were also infected by several other bacteria with zoonotic potential. Therefore, a wider spectrum of pathogens should be considered if a patient was bitten by a tick.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Tomaso
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Strasse 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Peter Otto
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Strasse 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Martin Peters
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Westfalen, Standort Arnsberg, Zur Taubeneiche 10-12, 59821 Arnsberg, Germany.
| | - Jochen Süss
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Strasse 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Axel Karger
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
| | | | - Eric Zuchantke
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Strasse 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Strasse 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Chang YC, Tien N, Yang JS, Lu CC, Tsai FJ, Huang TJ, Wang IK. Class 1 integrons and plasmid-mediated multiple resistance genes of the Campylobacter species from pediatric patient of a university hospital in Taiwan. Gut Pathog 2017; 9:50. [PMID: 28904565 PMCID: PMC5591528 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-017-0199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Campylobacter species usually causes infection between humans and livestock interaction via livestock breeding. The studies of the Campylobacter species thus far in all clinical isolates were to show the many kinds of antibiotic phenomenon that were produced. Their integrons cause the induction of antibiotic resistance between bacterial species in the Campylobacter species. Results The bacterial strains from the diarrhea of pediatric patient which isolated by China Medical University Hospital storage bank. These isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The anti-microbial susceptibility test showed that Campylobacter species resistant to cefepime, streptomycin, tobramycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (all C. jejuni and C. coli isolates), ampicillin (89% of C. jejuni; 75% of C. coli), cefotaxime (78% of C. jejuni; 100% of C. coli), nalidixic acid (78% of C. jejuni; 100% of C. coli), tetracycline (89% of C. jejuni; 25% C. coli), ciprofloxacin (67% of C. jejuni; 50% C. coli), kanamycin (33% of C. jejuni; 75% C. coli) and the C. fetus isolate resisted to ampicillin, cefotaxime, nalidixic acid, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, kanamycin by disc-diffusion method. The effect for ciprofloxacin and tetracycline of the Campylobacter species was tested using an E-test. The tet, erm, and integron genes were detected by PCR assay. According to the sequencing analysis (type I: dfr12-gcuF-aadA2 genes and type II: dfrA7 gene), the cassette type was identified. The most common gene cassette type (type I: 9 C. jejuni and 2 C. coli isolates; type II: 1 C. coli isolates) was found in 12 class I integrase-positive isolates. Conclusions Our results suggested an important information in the latency of Campylobacter species with resistance genes, and irrational antimicrobial use should be concerned. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13099-017-0199-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chih Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
| | - Ni Tien
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yu-Der Road, Taichung, 40447 Taiwan
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, 2 Yu-Der Road, Taichung, 40447 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, 707, Sec. 3, Chung-Yang Road, Hualien, 97002 Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Human Genetic Center, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yu-Der Road, Taichung, 40447 Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
| | - Tsurng-Juhn Huang
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
| | - I-Kuan Wang
- Division of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yu-Der Road, Taichung, 40447 Taiwan
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El-Razik KAA, Arafa AA, Hedia RH, Ibrahim ES. Tetracycline resistance phenotypes and genotypes of coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates from bubaline mastitis in Egypt. Vet World 2017; 10:702-710. [PMID: 28717325 PMCID: PMC5499090 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.702-710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim:: This study was devoted to elucidate the tetracycline resistance of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) derived from normal and subclinical mastitic (SCM) buffaloes’ milk in Egypt. Materials and Methods: :: A total of 81 milk samples from 46 normal buffalo milk samples and 35 SCM buffalo milk samples at private dairy farms of Egypt were used in this study. CNS were identified using phenotypic and molecular methods (polymerase chain reaction [PCR]). CNS isolates were tested for tetracycline resistance using routine methods and multiplex PCR targeting tetracycline (tet) resistance genes followed by sequencing of positive PCR products and phylogenetic analysis. Results:: Isolation and identification of 28 (34.5%) CNS from normal and SCM buffaloes’ milk, namely, Staphylococcus intermedius (39.2%), Staphylococcus xylosus (25.0%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (10.7%), Staphylococcus hominis (10.7%), and 3.5% to each of Staphylococcus sciuri, Staphylococcus hyicus, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, and Staphylococcus simulans. Using nested PCR, all the 28 CNS isolates revealed positive for 16srRNA gene specific for genus staphylococci and negative for thermonuclease (nuc) gene specific for Staphylococcus aureus species. The presence of tetracycline resistance-encoding genes (tetK, tetL, tetM, and tetO) was detected by multiplex PCR. All isolates were negative for tetL, M, and O genes while 14 (50%) CNS isolates were positive for tetK gene, namely, S. lugdunensis (100%), S. hominis (100%), S. epidermidis (66.6%), S. intermedius (45.4%), and S. xylosus (42.8%). Nucleotide sequencing of tetK gene followed by phylogenetic analysis showed the high homology between our CNS isolates genes of tetracycline resistance with S. aureus isolates including Egyptian ones. This proves the transfer of the tetracycline resistance encoding genes between coagulase-negative and coagulase positive Staphylococcus spp. Conclusion:: CNS isolates have distinguishingly high resistance to tetracycline. Abundant tetracycline usage for mastitis treatment leads to the spread of genetic resistance mechanisms inside CNS strains and among all Staphylococcus spp. Consequently, tetracycline is not effective anymore.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Abd El-Razik
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Veterinary Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - A A Arafa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - R H Hedia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - E S Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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44
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Monecke S, Gavier-Widén D, Hotzel H, Peters M, Guenther S, Lazaris A, Loncaric I, Müller E, Reissig A, Ruppelt-Lorz A, Shore AC, Walter B, Coleman DC, Ehricht R. Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in European Wildlife. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168433. [PMID: 27992523 PMCID: PMC5161505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a well-known colonizer and cause of infection among animals and it has been described from numerous domestic and wild animal species. The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of S. aureus in a convenience sample of European wildlife and to review what previously has been observed in the subject field. 124 S. aureus isolates were collected from wildlife in Germany, Austria and Sweden; they were characterized by DNA microarray hybridization and, for isolates with novel hybridization patterns, by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The isolates were assigned to 29 clonal complexes and singleton sequence types (CC1, CC5, CC6, CC7, CC8, CC9, CC12, CC15, CC22, CC25, CC30, CC49, CC59, CC88, CC97, CC130, CC133, CC398, ST425, CC599, CC692, CC707, ST890, CC1956, ST2425, CC2671, ST2691, CC2767 and ST2963), some of which (ST2425, ST2691, ST2963) were not described previously. Resistance rates in wildlife strains were rather low and mecA-MRSA isolates were rare (n = 6). mecC-MRSA (n = 8) were identified from a fox, a fallow deer, hares and hedgehogs. The common cattle-associated lineages CC479 and CC705 were not detected in wildlife in the present study while, in contrast, a third common cattle lineage, CC97, was found to be common among cervids. No Staphylococcus argenteus or Staphylococcus schweitzeri-like isolates were found. Systematic studies are required to monitor the possible transmission of human- and livestock-associated S. aureus/MRSA to wildlife and vice versa as well as the possible transmission, by unprotected contact to animals. The prevalence of S. aureus/MRSA in wildlife as well as its population structures in different wildlife host species warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Monecke
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene (IMMH), Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Alere Technologies GmbH, Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Dolores Gavier-Widén
- Department of Pathology and Wildlife Disease, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Peters
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Westfalen, Standort Arnsberg, Arnsberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Guenther
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Veterinary Faculty, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandros Lazaris
- Microbiology Research Unit, Dublin Dental University Hospital, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Igor Loncaric
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke Müller
- Alere Technologies GmbH, Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany
| | - Annett Reissig
- Alere Technologies GmbH, Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany
| | - Antje Ruppelt-Lorz
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene (IMMH), Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna C. Shore
- Microbiology Research Unit, Dublin Dental University Hospital, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Birgit Walter
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Veterinary Faculty, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David C. Coleman
- Microbiology Research Unit, Dublin Dental University Hospital, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Alere Technologies GmbH, Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany
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45
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Nguyen TNM, Hotzel H, Njeru J, Mwituria J, El-Adawy H, Tomaso H, Neubauer H, Hafez HM. Antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter isolates from small scale and backyard chicken in Kenya. Gut Pathog 2016; 8:39. [PMID: 27570543 PMCID: PMC5002103 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-016-0121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thermophilic Campylobacter species are a major cause of bacterial foodborne diarrhoea in humans worldwide. Poultry and their products are the predominant source for human campylobacteriosis. Resistance of Campylobacter to antibiotics is increasing worldwide, but little is known about the antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter isolated from chicken in Kenya. In this study, 35 suspected Campylobacter strains isolated from faeces and cloacal swabs of chicken were tested for their susceptibility to seven antibiotics using a broth microdilution assay and molecular biological investigations. RESULTS Overall, DNA of thermophilic Campylobacter was identified in 53 samples by PCR (34 C. jejuni, 18 C. coli and one mix of both species) but only 35 Campylobacter isolates (31 C. jejuni and 4 C. coli) could be re-cultivated after transportation to Germany. Isolates were tested for their susceptibility to antibiotics using a broth microdilution assay. Additionally, molecular biological detection of antibiotic resistance genes was carried out. C. jejuni isolates showed a high rate of resistance to nalidixic acid, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin of 77.4, 71.0 and 71.0 %, respectively. Low resistance (25.8 %) was detected for gentamicin and chloramphenicol. Multidrug resistance in C. jejuni could be detected in 19 (61.3 %) isolates. Resistance pattern of C. coli isolates was comparable. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was confirmed by MAMA-PCR and PCR-RFLP in all phenotypically resistant isolates. The tet(O) gene was detected only in 54.5 % of tetracycline resistant C. jejuni isolates. The tet(A) gene, which is also responsible for tetracycline resistance, was found in 90.3 % of C. jejuni and in all C. coli isolates. Thirteen phenotypically erythromycin-resistant isolates could not be characterised by using PCR-RFLP and MAMA-PCR. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report about resistance to antibiotics in thermophilic Campylobacter originating from chicken in Kenya. Campylobacter spp. show a high level of resistance to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and tetracycline but also a remarkable one to chloramphenicol and gentamicin and they are multidrug resistant. Resistance to antibiotics is a global public health concern. In Kenya, resistance surveillance needs further attention in the future. Efforts to establish at least a National Laboratory with facilities for performing phenotypic and genotypic characterization of thermophilic Campylobacter is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Ngoc Minh Nguyen
- Hung Vuong University, Phu Tho, Vietnam
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Poultry Diseases, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - John Njeru
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
- Centre for Microbiology Research (CMR), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joyce Mwituria
- Centre for Microbiology Research (CMR), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Herbert Tomaso
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Hafez M. Hafez
- Institute of Poultry Diseases, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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46
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Madzgalla S, Syed MA, Khan MA, Rehman SS, Müller E, Reissig A, Ehricht R, Monecke S. Molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates causing skin and soft tissue infections in patients from Malakand, Pakistan. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 35:1541-7. [PMID: 27262852 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2695-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Comparatively few studies have been published describing Staphylococcus aureus/MRSA epidemiology in Central Asia including Pakistan. Here, we report the genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus strains (that include both methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) from community- and hospital-acquired skin and soft-tissue infections in a tertiary care hospital in the Malakand district of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. Forty-five isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were characterized by microarray hybridization. Twenty isolates (44 %) were MRSA, whereas 22 (49 %) were PVL-positive. Fourteen isolates (31 %) harboured both mecA and PVL genes. The dominant clones were CC121-MSSA (n = 15, 33 %) and the PVL-positive "Bengal Bay Clone" (ST772-MRSA-V; n = 13, 29 %). The PVL-positive CC8-MRSA-IV strain "USA300" was found once. The pandemic ST239-MRSA-III strain was absent, although it has previously been observed in Pakistan. These observations require a re-assessment of schemes for initial antibiotic therapy to cover MRSA and they emphasise the need for a rapid and non-molecular test for PVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Madzgalla
- Alere Technologies GmbH, Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany
| | - M A Syed
- Infectious Diseases Research Group, Department of Microbiology, University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - M A Khan
- Infectious Diseases Research Group, Department of Microbiology, University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - S S Rehman
- Infectious Diseases Research Group, Department of Microbiology, University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - E Müller
- Alere Technologies GmbH, Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany
| | - A Reissig
- Alere Technologies GmbH, Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany
| | - R Ehricht
- Alere Technologies GmbH, Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany
| | - S Monecke
- Alere Technologies GmbH, Jena, Germany. .,Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. .,InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany.
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47
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Preethirani PL, Isloor S, Sundareshan S, Nuthanalakshmi V, Deepthikiran K, Sinha AY, Rathnamma D, Nithin Prabhu K, Sharada R, Mukkur TK, Hegde NR. Isolation, Biochemical and Molecular Identification, and In-Vitro Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Bacteria Isolated from Bubaline Subclinical Mastitis in South India. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142717. [PMID: 26588070 PMCID: PMC4654528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Buffaloes are the second largest source of milk. Mastitis is a major impediment for milk production, but not much information is available about bubaline mastitis, especially subclinical mastitis. The aim of this study was to (a) investigate the application of various tests for the diagnosis of bubaline subclinical mastitis, (b) identify the major bacteria associated with it, and (c) evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern of the bacteria. To this end, 190 quarter milk samples were collected from 57 domesticated dairy buffaloes from organized (64 samples) and unorganized (126 samples) sectors. Of these, 48.4%, 40.0%, 45.8%, 61.1%, and 61.6% were positive for subclinical mastitis by somatic cell count, electrical conductivity, California mastitis test, bromothymol blue test, and N-acetyl glucosaminidase test, respectively. As compared to the gold standard of somatic cell count, California mastitis test performed the best. However, a combination of the two methods was found to be the best option. Microbiological evaluation, both by biochemical methods as well as by monoplex and multiplex polymerase chain reaction, revealed that coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most predominant (64.8%) bacteria, followed by streptococci (18.1%), Escherichia coli (9.8%) and Staphylococcus aureus (7.3%). Most of the pathogens were resistant to multiple antibiotics, especially to β-lactam antibiotics. We propose that California mastitis test be combined with somatic cell count for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in domestic dairy buffaloes. Further, our results reveal high resistance of the associated bacteria to the β-lactam class of antibiotics, and a possible major role of coagulase-negative staphylococci in causing the disease in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. L. Preethirani
- Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shrikrishna Isloor
- Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bengaluru, India
| | - S. Sundareshan
- Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bengaluru, India
| | - V. Nuthanalakshmi
- Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bengaluru, India
| | - K. Deepthikiran
- Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bengaluru, India
| | - Akhauri Y. Sinha
- Ella Foundation, Genome Valley, Turkapally, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad, India
| | - D. Rathnamma
- Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bengaluru, India
| | - K. Nithin Prabhu
- Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bengaluru, India
| | - R. Sharada
- Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bengaluru, India
| | - Trilochan K. Mukkur
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nagendra R. Hegde
- Ella Foundation, Genome Valley, Turkapally, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad, India
- * E-mail:
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