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Colonna MA, Karatosidi D, Cosentino C, Freschi P, Carbonara C, Giannico F, Losacco C, Tufarelli V, Tarricone S, Selvaggi M, Ragni M. Dietary Supplementation with Oregano and Linseed in Autochthonous "Facciuta Lucana" Goats: Effects on Meat Quality Traits in Suckling Kids. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3050. [PMID: 37835657 PMCID: PMC10571778 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Extruded linseed (Linum usitatissimum) in ruminant diets has been investigated as a strategy to improve the nutritional value and healthiness of meat fat; however, increased polyunsaturated fatty acids may limit the shelf-life of meat. Oregano (Origanum vulgare) has a documented antioxidant activity. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with extruded linseed and oregano on goat milk quality and whether the characteristics of goat milk affect the physical and chemical features, fatty acid profile, meat lipid oxidation, and sensory properties of meat from suckling kids. Thirty-six male kids were weaned and divided into three homogeneous groups (n = 12); each group was either fed a control diet (C), or a diet containing 3% extruded linseed with or without the addition of 0.6% oregano ("L + O" and "L", respectively). The diets containing linseed lowered (p < 0.05) the saturated fatty acid content in meat, and increased (p < 0.05) monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid. Oregano addition to the linseed diet proved to be effective in preserving meat shelf-life, as shown by a significant (p < 0.01) reduction in the malondialdehyde concentration after 10 days of storage, and improved meat succulence, tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonietta Colonna
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.A.C.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Despoina Karatosidi
- Research Institute of Animal Science, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA, 58100 Giannitsa, Greece;
| | - Carlo Cosentino
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food, and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (C.C.); (P.F.)
| | - Pierangelo Freschi
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food, and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (C.C.); (P.F.)
| | - Claudia Carbonara
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.A.C.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Francesco Giannico
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Caterina Losacco
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.P. per Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (C.L.); (V.T.)
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.P. per Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (C.L.); (V.T.)
| | - Simona Tarricone
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.A.C.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Maria Selvaggi
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.A.C.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Marco Ragni
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.A.C.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (M.R.)
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Krusinski L, Maciel ICF, van Vliet S, Ahsin M, Lu G, Rowntree JE, Fenton JI. Measuring the Phytochemical Richness of Meat: Effects of Grass/Grain Finishing Systems and Grapeseed Extract Supplementation on the Fatty Acid and Phytochemical Content of Beef. Foods 2023; 12:3547. [PMID: 37835200 PMCID: PMC10572853 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Grass-finished beef (GFB) can provide beneficial bioactive compounds to healthy diets, including omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and secondary bioactive compounds, such as phytochemicals. The objective of this study was to compare fatty acids (FAs), micronutrients, and phytochemicals of beef fed a biodiverse pasture (GRASS), a total mixed ration (GRAIN), or a total mixed ration with 5% grapeseed extract (GRAPE). This was a two-year study involving fifty-four Red Angus steers (n = 54). GFB contained higher levels of n-3 PUFAs, vitamin E, iron, zinc, stachydrine, hippuric acid, citric acid, and succinic acid than beef from GRAIN and GRAPE (p < 0.001 for all). No differences were observed in quantified phytochemicals between beef from GRAIN and GRAPE (p > 0.05). Random forest analysis indicated that phytochemical and FA composition of meat can predict cattle diets with a degree of certainty, especially for GFB (5.6% class error). In conclusion, these results indicate that GFB contains higher levels of potentially beneficial bioactive compounds, such as n-3 PUFAs, micronutrients, and phytochemicals, compared to grain-finished beef. Additionally, the n-6:n-3 ratio was the most crucial factor capable of separating beef based on finishing diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Krusinski
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Isabella C. F. Maciel
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (I.C.F.M.); (J.E.R.)
| | - Stephan van Vliet
- Center for Human Nutrition Studies, Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA; (S.v.V.); (M.A.)
| | - Muhammad Ahsin
- Center for Human Nutrition Studies, Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA; (S.v.V.); (M.A.)
| | - Guanqi Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Jason E. Rowntree
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (I.C.F.M.); (J.E.R.)
| | - Jenifer I. Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
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Haščík P, Čech M, Kačániová M, Herc P, Jurčaga L, Bučko O. Effect of dietary Alibernet red grape pomace application into Ross 308 broiler chickens diet on amino and fatty acids profile of breast and thigh meat. Biologia (Bratisl) 2023; 78:1-11. [PMID: 37363643 PMCID: PMC9975858 DOI: 10.1007/s11756-023-01359-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Alibernet red grape pomace (ARGP) variety Alibernet addition into broiler chickens Ross 308 diet on the essential amino acid (AA) and fatty acid (FA) composition of their breast and thigh meat. At the beginning, 200 one-day Ross 308 broiler chickens of mixed gender were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 50). The control group (C) did not receive any additional supplementation. The feed of experimental groups was enriched with 1% ARGP per 1 kg of feed mixture (FM) (E1), with 2% ARGP per 1 kg of FM (E2) and with 3% ARGP per 1 kg of FM (E3). The FMs were produced without any antibiotics and coccidiostatics and the fattening period lasted for 42 days. Samples from breast and thigh muscle were obtained and analyzed for the content of AAs and FAs content and results were presented as g 100 g-1 of dry matter. Results revealed that AA profile of breast muscle was not significantly affected, with the most present AAs Lys and Leu. In the thigh muscle we observed significant differences in the content of Thr, Val, Met, Cys and His, namely in males. From the results of FAs profile, we can state that ARGP influenced namely monounsaturated oleic acid in breast muscle (without gender difference), which had significantly highest content (p ≤ 0.05) in all experimental groups (E1-36.05, E2-35.60 and E3-36.79 g 100 g-1) compared with the control group (31.88 g 100 g-1). Overall, it seems that selected feed supplement did not negatively influence AAs and FAs profile of chicken meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Haščík
- Institute of Food Science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Matej Čech
- Institute of Food Science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Institute of Food Science, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Peter Herc
- Institute of Food Science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Lukáš Jurčaga
- Institute of Food Science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Ondřej Bučko
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
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Grape, Pomegranate, Olive, and Tomato By-Products Fed to Dairy Ruminants Improve Milk Fatty Acid Profile without Depressing Milk Production. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040865. [PMID: 36832939 PMCID: PMC9957115 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuous increase in the cost of feeds and the need to improve the sustainability of animal production require the identification of alternative feeds, such as those derived from the agro-industrial sector, that can be effectively used for animal nutrition. Since these by-products (BP) are sources of bioactive substances, especially polyphenols, they may play an important role as a new resource for improving the nutritional value of animal-derived products, being effective in the modulation of the biohydrogenation process in the rumen, and, hence, in the composition of milk fatty acids (FA). The main objective of this work was to evaluate if the inclusion of BP in the diets of dairy ruminants, as a partial replacement of concentrates, could improve the nutritional quality of dairy products without having negative effects on animal production traits. To meet this goal, we summarized the effects of widespread agro-industrial by-products such as grape pomace or grape marc, pomegranate, olive cake, and tomato pomace on milk production, milk composition, and FA profile in dairy cows, sheep, and goats. The results evidenced that substitution of part of the ratio ingredients, mainly concentrates, in general, does not affect milk production and its main components, but at the highest tested doses, it can depress the yield within the range of 10-12%. However, the general positive effect on milk FA profile was evident by using almost all BP at different tested doses. The inclusion of these BP in the ration, from 5% up to 40% of dry matter (DM), did not depress milk yield, fat, or protein production, demonstrating positive features in terms of both economic and environmental sustainability and the reduction of human-animal competition for food. The general improvement of the nutritional quality of milk fat related to the inclusion of these BP in dairy ruminant diets is an important advantage for the commercial promotion of dairy products resulting from the recycling of agro-industrial by-products.
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Dietary application of dried citrus pulp, with or without soybean oil, in lactating Holstein cow diet: Effects on feed intake, digestibility, performance, a milk fatty acid profile and total phenolics. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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SABOW AZAD, ABDULLA NAZIM, MUSTAFA HOZAN, ABUBAKAR AHMED. Quality characteristics and shelf-life of meat of quail birds-fed diets supplemented with grape pomace. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v92i11.127196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This investigation aims to determine the effect of grape pomace supplementation on quail meat’s quality and shelf life. Growing 121-day-old quail males were separated into groups of 30 birds each (3 replicates of 10 birds each). For 42 days, the quails were fed a diet enriched with 0, 2.5, 5, or 10 g/kg of grape pomace (control group and experimental groups). After the feeding session, ten quails were chosen randomly and slaughtered humanely to test the meat quality. Except for redness, which showed a lower value for experimental groups compared to the control group, neither the physicochemical characteristics nor the eating quality of breast meat varied significantly across treatments. The experimental groups also produced alterations in the fatty acid profile, with an increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids mainly due to an increase in linoleic acid concentration. The addition of grape pomace reduced lipid oxidation in meat at 1 and 5 days post-mortem. On post-mortem day 5, the control group meat had more bacteria than the experimental group meat. Overall, supplementation with grape pomace significantly improved the fatty acid profile and showed the capacity to extend shelf life.
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Inclusion of Grape Pomace in Finishing Cattle Diets: Carcass Traits, Meat Quality and Fatty Acid Composition. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192597. [PMID: 36230337 PMCID: PMC9559692 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of its high content of polyphenolic compounds, dietary inclusion of grape pomace (GP) in finishing cattle diet could possibly enhance product quality and the health value of beef lipids. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding a high amount of grape pomace in finishing cattle diets on carcass traits, product quality, and fatty acid (FA) composition of beef. Jersey × Holstein crosses (n = 24) were fed either a typical finishing diet (CON) or a finishing diet containing 58% grape pomace (DM basis; HGP). Following the feeding period, animals were harvested, and carcass traits measured. Longissimus lumborum (LL) and semimembranosus (SM) muscle were then collected from each carcass for sensory quality evaluation and FA profile analysis. Hot carcass weight, backfat thickness, and preliminary and final yield grades were greater (p ≤ 0.04) for CON than HGP steers. However, there was no diet effect on rib eye area (REA), kidney, pelvic, and heart (KPH) fat, and marbling. Feeding the HGP compared to CON diet reduced lipid oxidation of LL and SM steaks over time; the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, which did not differ on d 0 and 2 of 8-d simulated retail display, was lower on d 4, 6 and 8 for HGP than CON steers (treatment × day of simulated display interaction; p < 0.01). Brightness (L* values) and redness (b*) were greater for LL steaks from HGP than CON steers on most days of simulated display (treatment × day of simulated display interaction; p < 0.01). In addition, the LL and SM muscle content of several FA linked to positive health outcomes in humans including 18:2 n-6, 18:2 c9t11, total conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was also greater (p ≤ 0.02) for steers fed the HGP compared to the CON diet. In summary, current findings suggest that although it could possibly limit growth performance, feeding a high amount of grape pomace to finishing cattle could enhance both the sensory quality and the health value of beef lipids, which are key in increasing consumer acceptability of beef.
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Bennato F, Ianni A, Florio M, Grotta L, Pomilio F, Saletti MA, Martino G. Nutritional Properties of Milk from Dairy Ewes Fed with a Diet Containing Grape Pomace. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131878. [PMID: 35804692 PMCID: PMC9265667 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a diet containing a 10% of grape pomace (GP) on the milk yield, chemical-nutritional characteristics, total phenolic compounds (TPCs), antioxidant activity (AOA), fatty acids and proteins profile of dairy ewe’s milk. Forty-six ewes were dived into two groups: a control group (Ctrl), fed a standard diet, and an experimental group (GP+), whose diet was supplemented with 10% of GP on dry matter. The trial lasted 60 days and milk samples were collected and analyzed at the beginning (T0) and after 60 (T60) days. Dietary enrichment with GP did not affect the yield and the chemical composition of the milk. TPCs and AOA were not affected by the diet. After 60 days, the diet induced an increase in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and a decrease in medium chain saturated fatty acids (MCSFA), but the total saturated fatty acids (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), short chain saturated fatty acids (SCSFA) and long chain saturated fatty acids (LCSFA) were not modified. A decrease in the C14 desaturation index and an increase in the C18 index were also detected. Total caseins and whey protein were not affected by GP, even if a lower content of k-casein in GP+ milk compared to Ctrl milk was observed on the 60th day. The results of the present study suggest that 10% of GP can be included in the diet of lactating ewes without modifying milk gross composition but inducing significantly changes the fatty acid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bennato
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.B.); (A.I.); (M.F.); (L.G.)
| | - Andrea Ianni
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.B.); (A.I.); (M.F.); (L.G.)
| | - Marco Florio
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.B.); (A.I.); (M.F.); (L.G.)
| | - Lisa Grotta
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.B.); (A.I.); (M.F.); (L.G.)
| | - Francesco Pomilio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.P.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Maria Antonietta Saletti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.P.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Martino
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.B.); (A.I.); (M.F.); (L.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0861-266-950
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Suescun-Ospina ST, Vera N, Astudillo R, Yunda C, Williams P, Allende R, Ávila-Stagno J. Effects of País grape marc inclusion in high and low forage diets: ruminal fermentation, methane production and volatile fatty acids. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2076620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Tatiana Suescun-Ospina
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
- Escuela de Ciencias Animales, Universidad de Los Llanos, Villavicencio, Colombia
| | - Nelson Vera
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Rita Astudillo
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Constanza Yunda
- Escuela de Ingeniería en Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad de los Llanos, Villavicencio, Colombia
| | - Pamela Williams
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Allende
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Jorge Ávila-Stagno
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
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Bennato F, Ianni A, Grotta L, Martino G. Evaluation of chemical-nutritional characteristics of whey and
Ricotta obtained by ewes fed red grape pomace dietary
supplementation. Food Sci Anim Resour 2022; 42:504-516. [PMID: 35611081 PMCID: PMC9108957 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2022.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect on the chemical quality of whey and
Ricotta obtained from ewes fed a red grape pomace (GP) dietary supplementation.
The analyses were performed on whey, before and post Ricotta cheese-making, and
in Ricotta after 1 (T1) and 5 (T5) d of ripening at 4°C. Moreover, fatty
acid profile of whey before ricotta (WBR) cheese-making and Ricotta T1 of
ripening and volatile profile of Ricotta T1 and T5 were investigated. The diet
did not affect whey and Ricotta lipid content, conversely, significant
variations were instead observed with regard to color. A lower amount of total
phenolic compounds was found in WBR cheese-making, on the contrary, an opposite
trend was highlighted in Ricotta T1 although no variations in antioxidant
properties were detected. Moreover, GP modified fatty acid profile of whey and
Ricotta but did not have any effect on protein profile of the main whey protein.
The reduction of hexanal in Ricotta during the ripening suggest a better
oxidative stability. The obtained results therefore suggested that the GP
inclusion in the ewes diet, while modifying some chemical parameters, did not
induce negative effects on the characteristics and quality of dairy
by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bennato
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for
Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100
Teramo (TE), Italy
| | - Andrea Ianni
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for
Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100
Teramo (TE), Italy
| | - Lisa Grotta
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for
Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100
Teramo (TE), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Martino
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for
Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100
Teramo (TE), Italy
- Corresponding author: Giuseppe
Martino, Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and
Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo (TE), Italy, Tel:
+39-0861-266950, E-mail:
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Ciliberti MG, Francavilla M, Albenzio M, Inghese C, Santillo A, Sevi A, Caroprese M. Green extraction of bioactive compounds from wine lees and their bio-responses on immune modulation using in vitro sheep model. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:4335-4353. [PMID: 35307182 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to apply microwave-assisted extraction using green solvents starting from 3 different wine (white, rosé, and red) lees and to test their bio-response on sheep peripheral blood mononuclear cells proliferation, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and cytokines secretion. Wine lees (WL) of local organic farming from white wine, produced with Trebbiano cultivar, rosé and red wine, made with Nero di Troia cultivar, were collected. The WL were subjected to microwave-assisted extraction using 2 green solvents (water and ethanol) in 3 different combinations (water; water/ethanol 1:1 vol/vol; ethanol) with a dry matter-to-solvent ratio of 1:40 (wt/vol) at 4 temperature levels: 50, 100, 150, and 200°C. Sodium carbonate Na2CO3 (2 mmol/g of dry weight of lees) was used for increasing the polyphenol extraction yield. A total number of 6 extracts, 2 for each kind of WL investigated, according to their total phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant capacity, were selected to be tested on sheep peripheral blood mononuclear cells, as an animal model. All the WL extracts demonstrated a strong antiproliferative action. On the contrary, the cytokines' profile was mainly dependent on the different winemaking derived WL and the extraction solvent combination procedures. Red WL extract obtained by a combination of water/Na2CO3 and tested at 0.8 mg/mL, resulted in an increase of both IL-6 secretion and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Data from the present study demonstrated that WL extracts derived from different winemaking and solvent extraction could have a bimodal action on control of inflammatory mediated damage and highlighted the importance for further studies aimed at applying the biorefinery process on by-products to increase their economic value and exploit new derived bioactive compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Ciliberti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - M Francavilla
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy; STAR Facility Centre, Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - M Albenzio
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - C Inghese
- Nutritionist, San Severo, 71016 Foggia, Italy
| | - A Santillo
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - A Sevi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - M Caroprese
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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De Bellis P, Maggiolino A, Albano C, De Palo P, Blando F. Ensiling Grape Pomace With and Without Addition of a Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strain: Effect on Polyphenols and Microbiological Characteristics, in vitro Nutrient Apparent Digestibility, and Gas Emission. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:808293. [PMID: 35280128 PMCID: PMC8907520 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.808293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of different grape pomace storage techniques on the effectiveness as feed on in vitro ruminant digestion efficiency. Grape pomace from an autochthonous red grape variety (cv Nero di Troia) was used as fresh (GP) or ensiled, both without additives (SIL) and with the addition of a bacterial strain, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 5BG (SIL+). All the different storage treatments were subject to chemical and microbiological evaluation, as well as in vitro digestibility, and gas production. Microbiological data revealed the good quality of grape pomace and silages due to the lactic acid bacteria populations and low presence, or absence, of undesirable microorganisms. The addition of L. plantarum 5BG influenced the chemical characteristics of the silage (SIL+). Ensiling technique deeply changed the polyphenolic composition, reducing anthocyanins, flavonols, and flavanols (condensed tannins precursors), particularly when L. plantarum 5BG was added. Antioxidant capacity was reduced by ensiling, in correlation with the polyphenolic content decrease. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) value of SIL+ was the lowest (P < 0.01) and its total phenol content was lower than SIL (P < 0.01). No statistical differences were observed between GP, SIL, and SIL+ on the antioxidant capacity by TEAC assay (P > 0.05). Ensiling did not affect the grape pomace nutrient profile, except for the reduction in NFC content. Apparent in vitro digestibility showed how ensiling increased dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), and non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) disappearance (P < 0.01), particularly with the L. plantarum 5BG inoculation. Moreover, SIL+ showed the lowest propionic acid (P < 0.05) and the highest methane (P < 0.01), butyric acid (P < 0.01), and nitrogen (P < 0.05) in vitro production. Ensiling GP resulted in a better in vitro digestibility, particularly if L. plantarum 5BG strain is added, probably due to the reduction of flavanols and their lower microbial activity inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palmira De Bellis
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Aristide Maggiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Aristide Maggiolino
| | - Clara Albano
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Lecce, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Palo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Federica Blando
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Lecce, Italy
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13
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Ncube A, Fiorentino G, Colella M, Ulgiati S. Upgrading wineries to biorefineries within a Circular Economy perspective: An Italian case study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 775:145809. [PMID: 33631583 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In the challenge of transforming waste into useful products that can be re-used in a circular perspective, Italian wine industry can represent a suitable model for the application of the bioeconomy principles, including the valorisation of the agricultural and food waste. In the present study, a comprehensive environmental assessment of the traditional production of wine was performed and the potentiality of a biorefinery system, based on winery waste and aimed at recovering useful bio-based products, such as grapeseed oil and calcium tartrate, was examined through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The wine company "I Borboni", producing Asprinio wine in the Campania Region (Italy), was proposed as a case study. The hotspots of the linear production system were identified and the bottling phase, in particular the production of packaging glass, resulted to contribute to the generation of impacts at 63%, on average, versus 14.3% of the agricultural phase and 22.7% of the vinification phase. The LCA results indicated human carcinogenic toxicity, freshwater eutrophication and fossil resource scarcity impact categories as the most affected ones, with normalized impacts amounting to 9.22E-03, 3.89E-04 and 2.64E-04, respectively. Two side production chains (grapeseed oil and tartrate production) were included and circular patterns were designed and introduced in the traditional production chain with the aim of valorising the winery residues and improving the overall environmental performance. By implementing the circular approach, environmental impacts in the global warming, freshwater eutrophication and mineral resource scarcity impact categories, in particular, resulted three times lower than in the linear system. The results achieved demonstrated that closing the loops in the wine industry, through the reuse of bio-based residues alternatively to fossil-based inputs within the production process, and integrating the traditional production system with new side production chains led to an upgrade of the wineries to biorefineries, towards more sustainable production patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ncube
- International PhD Programme "Environment, Resources and Sustainable Development, Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Centro Direzionale - Isola C4, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - G Fiorentino
- ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development), Department for Sustainability, Division Resource Efficiency, Research Centre of Portici, P.le E. Fermi 1, Portici, 80055, Naples, Italy.
| | - M Colella
- Parthenope University of Naples, Department of Science and Technology, Centro Direzionale - Isola C4, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - S Ulgiati
- Parthenope University of Naples, Department of Science and Technology, Centro Direzionale - Isola C4, 80143 Naples, Italy; Beijing Normal University, School of Environment, 19 Xinjiekouwai St., Haidian District, 100875 Beijing, China
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14
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Tsiplakou E, Pitino R, Manuelian CL, Simoni M, Mitsiopoulou C, De Marchi M, Righi F. Plant Feed Additives as Natural Alternatives to the Use of Synthetic Antioxidant Vitamins in Livestock Animal Products Yield, Quality, and Oxidative Status: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050780. [PMID: 34069000 PMCID: PMC8155892 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest for safe and natural foods of animal origin is currently increasing the use of plant feed additives (PFA) as antioxidants in animal nutrition. However, studies with livestock animals dealing with PFA as antioxidants are scarce. The aim of the present review was to evaluate the antioxidant impact of PFA compared with synthetic vitamins on animal food product yield and quality. For this purpose, peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2020 were collected. Most papers were carried out on ruminants (n = 13), but PFA were also tested in swine (n = 6) and rabbits (n = 2). The inclusion of PFA in the diets of pigs, rabbits, and ruminants improved the products’ quality (including organoleptic characteristics and fatty acids profile), oxidative stability, and shelf life, with some impacts also on their yields. The effects of PFA are diverse but often comparable to those of the synthetic antioxidant vitamin E, suggesting their potential as an alternative to this vitamin within the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Tsiplakou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: (E.T.); (C.L.M.); Tel.: +30-210-529-4435 (E.T.); +39-049-827-2632 (C.L.M.)
| | - Rosario Pitino
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (R.P.); (M.S.); (F.R.)
| | - Carmen L. Manuelian
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’ Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
- Correspondence: (E.T.); (C.L.M.); Tel.: +30-210-529-4435 (E.T.); +39-049-827-2632 (C.L.M.)
| | - Marica Simoni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (R.P.); (M.S.); (F.R.)
| | - Christina Mitsiopoulou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’ Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Federico Righi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (R.P.); (M.S.); (F.R.)
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15
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Vinyard JR, Myers CA, Murdoch GK, Rezamand P, Chibisa GE. Optimum grape pomace proportion in feedlot cattle diets: ruminal fermentation, total tract nutrient digestibility, nitrogen utilization, and blood metabolites. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6131974. [PMID: 33564882 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of its high content of polyphenolic compounds, the dietary inclusion of grape pomace (GP) in ruminant diets can reduce reactive nitrogen (N) and methane emissions and enhance the shelf life and beneficial fatty acids (FAs) content of meat. However, the dietary inclusion of GP beyond a threshold that is still to be determined for feedlot cattle can also compromise nutrient supply and, thus, growth performance. This study investigated the optimum proportion of GP in finishing cattle diets. Nutrient intake and apparent total tract digestion, ruminal pH and fermentation, estimated microbial protein synthesis, route of N excretion, and blood metabolites were measured. Six ruminally fistulated crossbred beef heifers (mean initial body weight ± SD: 714 ± 50.7 kg) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square with 21-d periods. Dietary treatments were 0%, 15%, and 30% of dietary dry matter (DM) as GP, with diets containing 84%, 69%, and 54% dry-rolled barley grain, respectively. There was a linear increase (P = 0.07) in DM intake and quadratic change (P ≤ 0.01) in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake. There was a quadratic change (P ≤ 0.04) in apparent total tract DM, NDF, and crude protein digestibility as dietary GP content increased. However, there were no treatment effects (P ≥ 0.18) on total ruminal short-chain FA concentration and duration and area pH < 6.2, 5.8, and 5.5. Although N intake did not differ (269, 262, 253 g/d; P = 0.33) across dietary treatments, feeding GP led to a tendency for a quadratic change (P ≤ 0.07) in ruminal ammonia-N and plasma urea-N concentrations. Total N excretion also changed (quadratic, P = 0.03) because of changes (quadratic, P = 0.02) in fecal N excretion as urinary excretion of N and urea-N did not differ (P ≥ 0.15) across treatments. Feeding GP led to quadratic changes (P ≤ 0.01) in fecal excretion of fiber-bound N. Microbial N flow and apparent N retention also changed (quadratic, P ≤ 0.04) as dietary GP proportion increased. In conclusion, responses to dietary GP proportion were mostly quadratic with indications that nutrient supply as reflected by changes in apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, microbial N supply, and apparent N retention could be compromised beyond a 15% dietary inclusion level.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Vinyard
- Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID
| | - Cheyanne A Myers
- Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID
| | - Gordon K Murdoch
- Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID
| | - Pedram Rezamand
- Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID
| | - Gwinyai E Chibisa
- Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID
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16
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Valizadeh Yonjalli R, Mirzaei Aghjehgheshlagh F, Mahdavi A, Navidshad B, Staji H. The effects of tannin extract and linseed oil on yield, physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid profile of ewe milk. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Valizadeh Yonjalli
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources University of Mohaghegh Ardabili daneshgah street 56199‐11367 Ardabil Iran
| | - Farzad Mirzaei Aghjehgheshlagh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources University of Mohaghegh Ardabili daneshgah street 56199‐11367 Ardabil Iran
| | - Ali Mahdavi
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Rearing and Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Semnan University Imam Reza Road, Campus 1 19111‐35131 Semnan Iran
| | - Bahman Navidshad
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources University of Mohaghegh Ardabili daneshgah street 56199‐11367 Ardabil Iran
| | - Hamid Staji
- Department of Pathobiology, faculty of veterinary Semnan University Imam Reza road, Campus 1 Semnan Iran 19111‐35131
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17
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Moate PJ, Jacobs JL, Hixson JL, Deighton MH, Hannah MC, Morris GL, Ribaux BE, Wales WJ, Williams SRO. Effects of Feeding either Red or White Grape Marc on Milk Production and Methane Emissions from Early-Lactation Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10060976. [PMID: 32512732 PMCID: PMC7341285 DOI: 10.3390/ani10060976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Grape marc comprises the skins, seeds and stems of grapes remaining after grapes are pressed to make wine. Globally, about nine million tonnes of grape marc are produced annually. However, little is known about the comparative nutritional value of grape marc from red and white grapes and their effects on milk production and methane emissions when fed to dairy cows. Our experiment assessed the potential role of grape marc as a feed source for the grazing based, Australian dairy industry. We fed diets based on harvested perennial ryegrass to lactating dairy cows and compared milk production and methane emissions when grape marc from either red or white grapes was substituted for some of the perennial ryegrass. Diets containing grape marc from either red or white grapes equally decreased milk yields by approximately 10% and methane emissions by 15%. When fed to dairy cows, grape marc reduces methane emissions but at the cost of decreased milk production. The effects on methane emissions were mainly mediated by the high concentrations of lignin and fat in grape marc while decreased milk production was due to decreased intake of metabolizable energy. Abstract Globally, annual production of grape marc (GM), the residue of skins, seeds and stems remaining after making wine, has been estimated to be approximately nine million tonnes. No previous studies have compared effects on milk production and methane emissions when GM from either red or white grapes was fed to dairy cows. This experiment examines the effects of partial replacement of a perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) based diet with GM from either red or white grapes on yield and composition of milk and methane emissions. Thirty-two Holstein dairy cows in early lactation were offered either a control diet containing 15.0 kg dry matter (DM) of freshly harvested perennial ryegrass and 5.2 kg of a concentrate mix, or a diet similar to the control diet but with 5 kg DM of ryegrass replaced with 5 kg DM of GM from red grapes (RGM), or a diet similar to the RGM diet except the GM was from white grapes (WGM). Individual cow feed intakes, milk yields, and methane emissions were measured. Both diets containing GM decreased milk yields by approximately 10% and methane emissions by 15%. When fed to dairy cows, GM reduces methane emissions but at the cost of decreased milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Moate
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank VIC 3821, Australia; (J.L.J.); (M.H.D.); (M.C.H.); (G.L.M.); (B.E.R.); (W.J.W.); (S.R.O.W.)
- Centre for Agricultural Innovation, School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-5624-2222
| | - Joe L. Jacobs
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank VIC 3821, Australia; (J.L.J.); (M.H.D.); (M.C.H.); (G.L.M.); (B.E.R.); (W.J.W.); (S.R.O.W.)
- Centre for Agricultural Innovation, School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Josh L. Hixson
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, P.O. Box 197, Glen Osmond, Adelaide 5064, Australia;
| | - Matthew H. Deighton
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank VIC 3821, Australia; (J.L.J.); (M.H.D.); (M.C.H.); (G.L.M.); (B.E.R.); (W.J.W.); (S.R.O.W.)
- Cropmark, 49 Manion Road, Rolleston 7677, New Zealand
| | - Murray C. Hannah
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank VIC 3821, Australia; (J.L.J.); (M.H.D.); (M.C.H.); (G.L.M.); (B.E.R.); (W.J.W.); (S.R.O.W.)
| | - Greg L. Morris
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank VIC 3821, Australia; (J.L.J.); (M.H.D.); (M.C.H.); (G.L.M.); (B.E.R.); (W.J.W.); (S.R.O.W.)
| | - Brigid E. Ribaux
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank VIC 3821, Australia; (J.L.J.); (M.H.D.); (M.C.H.); (G.L.M.); (B.E.R.); (W.J.W.); (S.R.O.W.)
| | - William J. Wales
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank VIC 3821, Australia; (J.L.J.); (M.H.D.); (M.C.H.); (G.L.M.); (B.E.R.); (W.J.W.); (S.R.O.W.)
- Centre for Agricultural Innovation, School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - S. Richard O. Williams
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank VIC 3821, Australia; (J.L.J.); (M.H.D.); (M.C.H.); (G.L.M.); (B.E.R.); (W.J.W.); (S.R.O.W.)
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Nutrigenomic Effects of Long-Term Grape Pomace Supplementation in Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040714. [PMID: 32325906 PMCID: PMC7222749 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of grape pomace (GP), the polyphenol-rich agricultural by-product, on dairy cows’ whole-blood transcriptome, milk production and composition. Twelve lactating Holstein-Friesian cows were randomly assigned to two groups; the first received a GP-supplemented diet for 60 days (group GP), whereas the second was given only a basal diet (CTR). The results reveal 40 protein-coding genes differentially expressed in the GP group when compared with the CTR group, but no effects were noticed on milk production, concentrations of crude protein, fat, casein, lactose and urea, or somatic cell count. Compared to CTR, GP had a transcriptomic signature mainly reflecting a reinforced immunogenic response. Abstract The increasing demand for more animal products put pressure on improving livestock production efficiency and sustainability. In this context, advanced animal nutrition studies appear indispensable. Here, the effect of grape pomace (GP), the polyphenol-rich agricultural by-product, was evaluated on Holstein-Friesian cows’ whole-blood transcriptome, milk production and composition. Two experimental groups were set up. The first one received a basal diet and served as a control, while the second one received a 7.5% GP-supplemented diet for a total of 60 days. Milk production and composition were not different between the group; however, the transcriptome analysis revealed a total of 40 genes significantly affected by GP supplementation. Among the most interesting down-regulated genes, we found the DnaJ heat-shock protein family member A1 (DNAJA1), the mitochondrial fission factor (MFF), and the impact RWD domain protein (IMPACT) genes. The gene set enrichment analysis evidenced the positive enrichment of ‘interferon alpha (IFN-α) and IFN-γ response’, ‘IL6-JAK-STAT3 signaling’ and ‘complement’ genes. Moreover, the functional analysis denoted positive enrichment of the ‘response to protozoan’ and ‘negative regulation of viral genome replication’ biological processes. Our data provide an overall view of the blood transcriptomic signature after a 60-day GP supplementation in dairy cows which mainly reflects a GP-induced immunomodulatory effect.
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Bennato F, Di Luca A, Martino C, Ianni A, Marone E, Grotta L, Ramazzotti S, Cichelli A, Martino G. Influence of Grape Pomace Intake on Nutritional Value, Lipid Oxidation and Volatile Profile of Poultry Meat. Foods 2020; 9:foods9040508. [PMID: 32316475 PMCID: PMC7230919 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Grape pomace (GP) represents the main solid by-product deriving from grape processing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary GP intake on nutritional quality, lipid oxidation and volatile profile of chicken meat. A total of 112 Ross 508 broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups and fed for 21 days with a standard diet. For the remaining 28 days of the trial, the control group (CG) continued to receive a standard diet, while the experimental groups (EGs) were fed with diets containing different GP concentrations: 2.5% (EG1), 5% (EG2) and 7% (EG3). Following the slaughtering, samples of breast meat were collected from each group. No significant differences were observed for pH, cooking loss and meat brightness, whereas the GP intake showed effectiveness in inducing variations in drip loss, meat yellowness and redness. The experimental feeding strategy also induced changes in the fatty acid profile, with an overall increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), mainly due to the increase in concentration of linoleic acid. The dietary supplementation also induced a decrease in lipid oxidation in meat, a finding also confirmed by the reduction in volatile aldehydes in 7 days stored raw meat. The feeding strategy based on the use of GP did not induce detrimental effects on the quality of broiler meat and showed the potential to lengthen the shelf-life as a direct consequence of the improvement in the oxidative stability. Overall, the present study showed a viable way for the recovery and the valorization of an agro-industrial by-product, with potential benefits also from an environmental point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bennato
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.B.); (A.D.L.); (A.I.); (E.M.); (L.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Alessio Di Luca
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.B.); (A.D.L.); (A.I.); (E.M.); (L.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Camillo Martino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Via Campo Boario 37, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Andrea Ianni
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.B.); (A.D.L.); (A.I.); (E.M.); (L.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Elettra Marone
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.B.); (A.D.L.); (A.I.); (E.M.); (L.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Lisa Grotta
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.B.); (A.D.L.); (A.I.); (E.M.); (L.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Solange Ramazzotti
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.B.); (A.D.L.); (A.I.); (E.M.); (L.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Angelo Cichelli
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, D’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Martino
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.B.); (A.D.L.); (A.I.); (E.M.); (L.G.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Ianni A, Martino G. Dietary Grape Pomace Supplementation in Dairy Cows: Effect on Nutritional Quality of Milk and Its Derived Dairy Products. Foods 2020; 9:E168. [PMID: 32050684 PMCID: PMC7073903 DOI: 10.3390/foods9020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Grape pomace (GP) is the main solid by-product of winemaking and represents a rich source of potent bioactive compounds which could display a wide range of beneficial effects in human health for their association with reduced risk of several chronic diseases. Several studies have proposed the use of GP as a macro-ingredient to obtain economically worthwhile animal feedstuffs naturally enriched by polyphenols and dietary fibers. Moreover, the research carried out in this field in the last two decades evidences the ability of GP to induce beneficial effects in cow milk and its derived dairy products. First of all, a general increase in concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was observed, and this could be considered the reflection of the high content of these compounds in the by-product. Furthermore, an improvement in the oxidative stability of dairy products was observed, presumably as a direct consequence of the high content of bioactive compounds in GP that are credited with high and well-characterized antioxidant functions. Last but not least, particularly in ripened cheeses, volatile compounds (VOCs) were identified, arising both from lipolytic and proteolytic processes and commonly associated with pleasant aromatic notes. In conclusion, the GP introduction in the diet of lactating cows made it possible to obtain dairy products characterized by improved nutritional properties and high health functionality. Furthermore, the presumable improvement of organoleptic properties seems to be effective in contributing to an increase in the consumer acceptability of the novel products. This review aims to evaluate the effect of the dietary GP supplementation on the quality of milk and dairy products deriving from lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Martino
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
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21
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Buffa G, Tsiplakou E, Mitsiopoulou C, Pulina G, Nudda A. Supplementation of by-products from grape, tomato and myrtle affects antioxidant status of dairy ewes and milk fatty acid profile. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:493-506. [PMID: 31989701 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of diets containing different dried by-products on milk and blood plasma antioxidant capacity of dairy ewes. Thirty-six Sarda ewes were assigned to four treatments: control (CON; no by-product), 100 g/day of grape marc (GM), 100 g/day tomato pomace (TP) and 75 g/day of exhausted myrtle berries (EMBs). The superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in blood, and SOD, GR and lactoperoxidase (LPO) in milk were determined. Total antioxidant capacity (FRAP and ABTS assays), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyls (PCs) were also measured. Milk fatty acid profile was investigated by gas chromatography. The results showed higher antioxidant capacity measured by FRAP or ABTS assays and a reduction in MDA in GM plasma than CON. All by-products enhanced the protection of milk proteins by oxidation, as evidenced by lower values of PCs compared with CON. GM supplementation increased PUFAn-6, due to increase in C18:2n-6, the main component of GM compared with CON. All by-products did not modify the nutritional indexes of milk fat. In conclusion, dietary GM may enhance protection against oxidative condition of dairy ewes, whereas TP and EMB need further research to define the optimum inclusion level in sheep diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Buffa
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Scienze Zootecniche, Università degli studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Eleni Tsiplakou
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Mitsiopoulou
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Giuseppe Pulina
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Scienze Zootecniche, Università degli studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Anna Nudda
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Scienze Zootecniche, Università degli studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Correddu F, Lunesu MF, Buffa G, Atzori AS, Nudda A, Battacone G, Pulina G. Can Agro-Industrial By-Products Rich in Polyphenols be Advantageously Used in the Feeding and Nutrition of Dairy Small Ruminants? Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10010131. [PMID: 31947543 PMCID: PMC7022336 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the Mediterranean area, where dairy sheep and goats are widespread, the use of by-products in the diet of small ruminants is an ancient practice. Today the great availability of industrial by-products produced at the local level (e.g., grape, olive, tomato and myrtle residues), appears to be a promising strategy for reducing competition with human edible foods and the cost of off-farm produced feeds since they are imported worldwide. Moreover, these co-feeds can contribute to reducing the ecological and water footprint associated with crop cultivation. The presence of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, confers added value to these materials. Several positive aspects are apparent when such by-products are included in the diets of small dairy ruminants, in particular on ruminal metabolism, animal health, and the quality of derived products. Abstract Recently, the interest in industrial by-products produced at the local level in Mediterranean areas, resulting from fruit and vegetable processes, has increased because of their considerable amounts of bioactive compounds, including polyphenols. In this review, we analyze the most recent scientific results concerning the use of agro-industrial by-products, naturally rich in polyphenols (BPRP), in the diets of small dairy ruminants. Effects on milk production, milk and rumen liquor fatty acid profile, metabolic parameters, and methane production are reviewed. The feed intake and digestibility coefficients were generally depressed by BPRP, even though they were not always reflected in the milk yield. The main observed positive effects of BPRP were on quality of the milk’s FA profile, antioxidant activity in milk and blood, a reduction of rumen ammonia, and, consequently, a reduction of milk and blood urea. The expected beneficial effects of dietary polyphenols in small ruminants were not always observed because of their complex and variable matrices. However, owing to the large quantities of these products available at low prices, the use of BPRB in small ruminant nutrition offers a convenient solution to the valorization of residues arising from agricultural activities, reducing feed costs for farmers and conferring added value to dairy products at the local level, in a sustainable way.
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Abstract
Grape marc (GPM) is a viticulture by-product that is rich in secondary compounds, including condensed tannins (CT), and is used as a supplement in livestock feeding practices. The aim of this study was to determine whether feeding GPM to lactating dairy cows would alter the milk proteome through changes in nitrogen (N) partitioning. Ten lactating Holstein cows were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) top-dressed with either 1.5 kg dry matter (DM)/cow/day GPM (GPM group; n = 5) or 2.0 kg DM/cow/day of a 50:50 beet pulp: soy hulls mix (control group; n = 5). Characterization of N partitioning and calculation of N partitioning was completed through analysis of plasma urea-N, urine, feces, and milk urea-N. Milk samples were collected for general composition analysis, HPLC quantification of the high abundance milk proteins (including casein isoforms, α-lactalbumin, and β-lactoglobulin) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of the low abundance protein enriched milk fraction. No differences in DMI, N parameters, or calculated N partitioning were observed across treatments. Dietary treatment did not affect milk yield, milk protein or fat content or yield, or the concentrations of high abundance milk proteins quantified by HPLC analysis. Of the 127 milk proteins that were identified by LC-MS/MS analysis, 16 were affected by treatment, including plasma proteins and proteins associated with the blood-milk barrier, suggesting changes in mammary passage. Immunomodulatory proteins, including butyrophilin subfamily 1 member 1A and serum amyloid A protein, were higher in milk from GPM-fed cows. Heightened abundance of bioactive proteins in milk caused by dietary-induced shifts in mammary passage could be a feasible method to enhance the healthfulness of milk for both the milk-fed calf and human consumer. Additionally, the proteome shifts observed in this trial could provide a starting point for the identification of biomarkers suitable for use as indicators of mammary function.
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Zhong W, Shen J, Liao X, Liu X, Zhang J, Zhou C, Jin Y. Camellia ( Camellia oleifera Abel.) seed oil promotes milk fat and protein synthesis-related gene expression in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:419-427. [PMID: 31993168 PMCID: PMC6977417 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Camellia (Camellia oleifera Abel.) seed oil is a commonly used edible oil of China. In ancient Chinese literature, it is mentioned to be helpful for postpartum repair and lactation in women. Research on camellia seed oil (CO) as a feed additive for dairy cattle is less. We investigated the effect of CO on the expression of milk fat and protein syntheses-related genes in differentiated bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) using soybean oil (SO) as the control. The results showed that CO increased the expression of genes related to de novo synthesis of fatty acids including sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FASN), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) (p < .05). Among the milk protein genes analyzed, CO increased β-casein mRNA expression (p < .05) and decreased αS1-casein mRNA expression (p < .05) in MAC-T cells. CO upregulated the pathways related to milk protein synthesis with increased mRNA levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (p < .05) in MAC-T cells. Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (S6K1) gene was upregulated, and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) gene (p < .05) was downregulated with CO treatment. The mRNA expression levels of janus kinase 2 (JAK2), activator of transcription 5-β (STAT5-β), and E74-like factor 5 (ELF5) were elevated in MAC-T cells treated with CO (p < .05). Meanwhile, the protein expression levels of S6K1, STAT5-β, phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR), p-S6K1, and p-STAT5-β increased in MAC-T cells treated with CO (p < .05). In summary, CO promoted β-casein synthesis by regulating PI3K-mTOR-S6K1 and JAK2-STAT5 signaling pathways and influenced fatty acid synthesis by regulating SREBP1-related genes in MAC-T cells. We need to further confirm the function of CO using in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqi Zhong
- Department of Animal ScienceCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Jinglin Shen
- Department of Animal ScienceCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xiandong Liao
- Department of Animal ScienceCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xinlu Liu
- Department of Animal ScienceCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Animal ScienceCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Changhai Zhou
- Department of Animal ScienceCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yongcheng Jin
- Department of Animal ScienceCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
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Bennato F, Ianni A, Innosa D, Martino C, Grotta L, Pomilio F, Verna M, Martino G. Influence of Licorice Root Feeding on Chemical-Nutritional Quality of Cow Milk and Stracciata Cheese, an Italian Traditional Fresh Dairy Product. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9121153. [PMID: 31888121 PMCID: PMC6941002 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary licorice root supplementation on chemical and nutritional characteristics of cow milk and Stracciata cheese, an Italian traditional fresh dairy product. Our results suggest a positive role of licorice in improving the nutritional and organoleptic properties of dairy cow products, influencing various parameters such as fatty acid and volatile profiles. Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary licorice root supplementation on chemical and nutritional characteristics of cow milk and Stracciata cheese. Licorice did not influence milk and Stracciata fat content but induced modifications in fatty acid profile. Both in milk and Stracciata, a decrease in saturated fatty acids was detected and in cheeses an increase of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids was observed. Stracciata obtained from the experimental group showed an improved oxidative stability after six days of ripening, a finding partly justifiable by the well-known richness of antioxidant compounds in the licorice root. The volatile profile of Stracciata was also affected by dietary licorice intake, with an increase in esters and a reduction of aldehydes and ketones. These results suggest a positive role of licorice in modifying chemical and physical properties of cow cheeses, reducing lipid oxidation and inducing changes in color and flavor with a presumable improvement in consumer acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bennato
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo (TE), Italy; (F.B.); (D.I.); (L.G.); (M.V.)
| | - Andrea Ianni
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Denise Innosa
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo (TE), Italy; (F.B.); (D.I.); (L.G.); (M.V.)
| | - Camillo Martino
- Specialist Diagnostic Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale” Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo (TE), Italy;
| | - Lisa Grotta
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo (TE), Italy; (F.B.); (D.I.); (L.G.); (M.V.)
| | - Francesco Pomilio
- Food Hygiene Unit, NRL for L. monocytogenes, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale” Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo (TE), Italy;
| | - Micaela Verna
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo (TE), Italy; (F.B.); (D.I.); (L.G.); (M.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Martino
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo (TE), Italy; (F.B.); (D.I.); (L.G.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0861-266950
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26
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Nudda A, Buffa G, Atzori A, Cappai M, Caboni P, Fais G, Pulina G. Small amounts of agro-industrial byproducts in dairy ewes diets affects milk production traits and hematological parameters. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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27
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Ianni A, Di Maio G, Pittia P, Grotta L, Perpetuini G, Tofalo R, Cichelli A, Martino G. Chemical-nutritional quality and oxidative stability of milk and dairy products obtained from Friesian cows fed with a dietary supplementation of dried grape pomace. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:3635-3643. [PMID: 30629293 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to evaluate the nutritional properties of milk and cheese obtained from Friesian cows fed with a diet supplemented with dried grape pomace, a by-product of the oenological industry, which is very rich in polyphenols. This approach is inspired by the increasing interest in foods containing functional ingredients that may have beneficial effects on human health. During the testing period, analyses of the chemical and nutritional properties of milk and dairy products derived from it were performed; particular attention was given to the effect of cheese ripening on the oxidative stability and fermentation process, evaluating respectively the presence of malondialdehyde and γ-aminobutyric acid. RESULTS Dietary enrichment with grape pomace did not affect the milk composition but induced modifications in the fatty acid profiles in both milk and cheese with an increase in concentration of linoleic acid, trans-vaccenic acid, rumenic acid and total n-6 fatty acids. Moreover, after 30 days of cheese ripening, an increased oxidative stability and an increased concentration of γ-aminobutyric acid were found. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated a general improvement in nutritional parameters of milk and related cheese obtained from Friesian cows that received the feeding enrichment with dried grape pomace. Further analysis should be performed to improve knowledge of the chemical and microbiological mechanisms at the source of these findings. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ianni
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Gaetano Di Maio
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Paola Pittia
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Lisa Grotta
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giorgia Perpetuini
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Rosanna Tofalo
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Angelo Cichelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Martino
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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Pulido E, Fernández M, Prieto N, Baldwin RL, Andrés S, López S, Giráldez FJ. Effect of milking frequency and α-tocopherol plus selenium supplementation on sheep milk lipid composition and oxidative stability. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:3097-3109. [PMID: 30772021 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to study the effect of milking frequency [once-daily milking (ODM) vs. twice-daily milking (TDM)] and antioxidant (AOX) supplementation on fatty acid (FA) profile and oxidative stability in sheep milk. Sixteen Assaf ewes were used; 8 did not receive any vitamin-mineral supplement (control), and the other 8 received an oral dose of 1,000 IU of α-tocopherol and 0.4 mg of Se daily. The experiment consisted of 2 consecutive periods; the first was 3 wk with TDM of both mammary glands. The second period was 8 wk and consisted of ODM of one mammary gland and TDM of the other gland. All ewes were fed ad libitum the same total mixed ration from lambing and throughout the experiment. There were no differences in plasma or milk Se concentrations between control and AOX ewes. However, plasma and milk α-tocopherol concentrations and AOX capacity were increased in ewes receiving the AOX supplement. Milk FA profile was practically unaffected after 21 d of AOX supplementation. However, after 77 d, AOX supplementation increased the relative percentage of C16:0 and cis-9 C18:1 and reduced the proportions of some saturated FA with less than 16 carbons and cis-9 C12:1. Antioxidant supplementation had no effect on the proportions of conjugated linoleic acid or total polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) but decreased the proportion of trans-7,cis-9 C18:2 and increased that of n-6 C20:3. Once-daily milking did not affect α-tocopherol, Se, or fat resistance to oxidation in milk. Total monounsaturated FA, cis-9 C16:1, and several cis and trans isomers of C18:1 were increased and total saturated FA were decreased in milk from ODM glands. Compared with TDM, ODM increased the proportions of cis-9,cis-12 C18:2 and several isomers of C18:2 and reduced those of cis-9,cis-12,cis-15 C18:3 and some PUFA of 20 and 22 carbons, but total proportion of PUFA was unaffected. Once-daily milking and AOX supplementation modified milk FA profile, but the effects of ODM could be considered of little biological relevance for consumer health. Supplementing ewes with α-tocopherol plus Se could be considered an effective strategy to improve plasma AOX status and reduce milk fat oxidation without substantial changes in the milk FA profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pulido
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - M Fernández
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - N Prieto
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - R L Baldwin
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - S Andrés
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - S López
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - F J Giráldez
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain.
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Ianni A, Innosa D, Martino C, Bennato F, Martino G. Short communication: Compositional characteristics and aromatic profile of caciotta cheese obtained from Friesian cows fed with a dietary supplementation of dried grape pomace. J Dairy Sci 2018; 102:1025-1032. [PMID: 30580937 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to explore the chemical-sensorial characteristics and aromatic profile of caciotta cheese obtained from Friesian cows fed a diet enriched with grape pomace obtained from red grape (Vitis vinifera L.). Dietary enrichment with grape pomace influenced the production of caciotta cheeses in interesting ways from a compositional point of view, as cheese samples were rich in polyphenols, giving a high antioxidant potential. From a biochemical standpoint, we noted a slight decrease of proteolysis during ripening, whereas, according to the analysis of volatile compounds, lipolysis was the most relevant phenomenon in samples. The presence of bioactive compounds also modified the fatty acid profile of milk and cheese, leading to an increase in concentration of linoleic, vaccenic, and rumenic acids. No significant variations were found in the sensory profile. These results showed the potential of dietary grape pomace intake to influence the chemical-nutritional and nutraceutical properties of cow milk and cheeses, whose introduction to the market could be attractive to consumers, providing interesting implications for the dairy industry. Finally, our results identified of a valid use of an agro-industrial by-product, grape pomace, whose disposal generally presents economic and environmental problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ianni
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, (TE), 64100, Italy
| | - D Innosa
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, (TE), 64100, Italy
| | - C Martino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via S. Costanzo, 4-06126 Perugia, (PG), Italy
| | - F Bennato
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, (TE), 64100, Italy
| | - G Martino
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, (TE), 64100, Italy.
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30
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Gómez-Cortés P, Guerra-Rivas C, Gallardo B, Lavín P, Mantecón AR, de la Fuente MA, Manso T. Grape pomace in ewes diet: Effects on meat quality and the fatty acid profile of their suckling lambs. Food Res Int 2018; 113:36-42. [PMID: 30195529 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Grape pomace (GP) is an inexpensive natural antioxidant promising as animal feed supplement due to its high content of phenolic compounds. In order to evaluate its effect in lactating ewe rations on meat quality and fat composition of their suckling lambs, 48 Churra ewes were divided into 4 treatments. All animals were fed a ration containing linseed oil (Control) supplemented with Vitamin E or two levels of GP. Lambs were nourished exclusively by suckling until they were slaughtered. Dietary GP did not generate adverse effects on carcasses or lambs meat quality when compared with Control or Vit-E diets. GP improved the water holding capacity of the meat. In addition, lambs meat FA profile was not nutritionally affected with the diets assayed. Hence, the use of GP as a dietary supplement in ewe rations would not have negative effects on meat from suckling lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gómez-Cortés
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Guerra-Rivas
- ETS Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - B Gallardo
- ETS Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - P Lavín
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - A R Mantecón
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - M A de la Fuente
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - T Manso
- ETS Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain.
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Nguyen QV, Le VH, Nguyen DV, Malau‐Aduli BS, Nichols PD, Malau‐Aduli AEO. Supplementing Grazing Dairy Ewes with Plant‐Derived Oil and Rumen‐Protected EPA+DHA Pellets Enhances Health‐Beneficial n−3 Long‐Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Sheep Milk. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Quang V. Nguyen
- Animal Genetics and NutritionVeterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary SciencesDivision of Tropical Health and MedicineJames Cook UniversityTownsville4811QueenslandAustralia
- College of Economics and TechniquesThai Nguyen UniversityThai NguyenVietnam
| | - Van H. Le
- Animal Genetics and NutritionVeterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary SciencesDivision of Tropical Health and MedicineJames Cook UniversityTownsville4811QueenslandAustralia
- National Institute of Animal ScienceThuy Phuong, Bac Tu LiemHanoiVietnam
| | - Don V. Nguyen
- Animal Genetics and NutritionVeterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary SciencesDivision of Tropical Health and MedicineJames Cook UniversityTownsville4811QueenslandAustralia
- National Institute of Animal ScienceThuy Phuong, Bac Tu LiemHanoiVietnam
| | - Bunmi S. Malau‐Aduli
- College of Medicine and DentistryDivision of Tropical Health and MedicineJames Cook UniversityTownsville4811QueenslandAustralia
| | - Peter D. Nichols
- Animal Genetics and NutritionVeterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary SciencesDivision of Tropical Health and MedicineJames Cook UniversityTownsville4811QueenslandAustralia
- CSIRO Oceans and AtmosphereG.P.O. Box 1538, Hobart7001TasmaniaAustralia
| | - Aduli E. O. Malau‐Aduli
- Animal Genetics and NutritionVeterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary SciencesDivision of Tropical Health and MedicineJames Cook UniversityTownsville4811QueenslandAustralia
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32
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Effect of Dietary Grape Pomace and Seed on Ewe Milk and Meat Quality of Their Suckling Lambs. J FOOD QUALITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/2371754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of wine by-products in the feeding of ewes on fatty acid composition of milk and meat of their suckling lambs and the sensory quality of the meat was investigated. Forty-two ewes were fed during the second half of gestation and lactation one out of three treatments: a control diet based on a commercial concentrate and two concentrates supplemented with either 10% grape pomace or 5% grape seed. In addition, all animals had ad libitum access of Lucerne chaff. The control group showed lower concentration of saturated fatty acids (mainly in short and medium chain) and higher monounsaturated fatty acids (mainly oleic acid) in the milk fat, being the total polyunsaturated fatty acids unchanged. However, this variation was not reflected in the meat of the suckling lambs, where only few differences in individual fatty acids were found, such as linoleic acid being highest in the pomace treatment. Spicy and metallic flavours were increased in the wine by-products groups, but overall liking was not affected. The by-products added to the diets may be a good way to reduce costs on feeding and waste, but they were not able to provide a healthier fatty acid profile, neither in milk nor in the meat of the suckling lambs.
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Nudda A, Correddu F, Atzori A, Marzano A, Battacone G, Nicolussi P, Bonelli P, Pulina G. Whole exhausted berries of Myrtus communis L. supplied to dairy ewes: Effects on milk production traits and blood metabolites. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sharifi M, Bashtani M, Naserian AA, Farhangfar H, Emami A. The effect of grapeseed oil on performance, rumen fermentation, antioxidant status and subcutaneous adipose fatty acid profile in lambs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:157-165. [PMID: 28444841 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was carried out to examine the effect of grapeseed oil (GSO) on performance, rumen fermentation, antioxidant status and subcutaneous adipose fatty acid (FA) profile in lambs. Eighteen Baluchi lambs, 196 ± 14 days of age and 39.8 ± 1.7 kg body weight, were randomly assigned to three experimental diets: (i) diet without GSO (control), (ii) diet containing 2% of GSO (GSO2) and (iii) diet containing 4% of GSO (GSO4) for 42 days. Results showed that the experimental diets had no significant effect on dry matter intake and performance (p > 0.05). The supplemented diets with GSO had no effect on pH and NH3 -N of rumen fluid (p > 0.05), but GSO4 increased (p = 0.003) the concentration of propionic acid and reduced (p = 0.002) the concentration of acetate acid compared to the control. Inclusion 4% of GSO to the diet increased total antioxidant activity and decreased malondialdehyde in serum and muscle (p < 0.001). The level of blood glutathione peroxidase in diets containing GSO was higher than control diet (p = 0.02), but diets had no effect on superoxide dismutase in blood and muscle tissues (p > 0.05). The concentration of vaccenic acid, rumenic acid and linoleic acid and thus polyunsaturated fatty acid in subcutaneous fat was affected by experimental diets (p < 0.001), as control had the lowest amount of these FAs and GSO4 had the highest amount of them. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of GSO up to 4% improves the antioxidant status and adipose fatty acid profile in lambs without effects on performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sharifi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - M Bashtani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - A A Naserian
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - H Farhangfar
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - A Emami
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
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Gómez-Cortés P, Cívico A, de la Fuente MA, Juárez M, Sánchez NN, Blanco FP, Marín ALM. Dietary linseed oil increases trans-10,cis-15 18:2 in caprine milk fat. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:4235-4240. [PMID: 28434741 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Trans-10,cis-15 18:2 has been recently detected and characterized in digestive contents and meat and adipose tissue of ruminants, but its presence in milk and dairy products is hardly known. The aim of this study was to quantify trans-10,cis-15 18:2 in milk fat, better understand its metabolic origin, and help to elucidate the mechanisms of rumen biohydrogenation when the diet composition might affect ruminal environment. To address these objectives, 16 dairy goats were allocated to 2 simultaneous experiments (2 groups of goats and 2 treatments in each experiment). Experimental treatments consisted of basal diets with the same forage-to-concentrate ratio (33/67) and 2 starch-to-nonforage neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ratios (0.8 and 3.1), which were supplemented or not with 30 g/d of linseed oil for 25 d in a crossover design. Trans-10,cis-15 18:2 contents in milk fat were determined by gas chromatography fitted with an extremely polar capillary column (SLB-IL111). Levels of trans-10,cis-15 18:2 in individual milk fat samples ranged from 0 to 0.2% of total fatty acids, and its content in milk fat increased 8 fold due to linseed oil supplementation, substantiating the predominant role of α-linolenic acid in its formation. The trans-10,cis-15 18:2 levels in milk fat were similar in both experiments, despite the fact starch-to-nonforage NDF ratio of their respective basal diets greatly differed. In conclusion, trans-10,cis-15 18:2 was clearly related to linseed oil supplementation, and its increase in milk fat was comparable when the basal diets were rich in either nonforage NDF or starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gómez-Cortés
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Cívico
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz km 396, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - M A de la Fuente
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Juárez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Núñez Sánchez
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz km 396, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - F Peña Blanco
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz km 396, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - A L Martínez Marín
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz km 396, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
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Panzella L, Napolitano A. Natural Phenol Polymers: Recent Advances in Food and Health Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:E30. [PMID: 28420078 PMCID: PMC5488010 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural phenol polymers are widely represented in nature and include a variety of classes including tannins and lignins as the most prominent. Largely consumed foods are rich sources of phenol polymers, notably black foods traditionally used in East Asia, but other non-edible, easily accessible sources, e.g., seaweeds and wood, have been considered with increasing interest together with waste materials from agro-based industries, primarily grape pomace and other byproducts of fruit and coffee processing. Not in all cases were the main structural components of these materials identified because of their highly heterogeneous nature. The great beneficial effects of natural phenol-based polymers on human health and their potential in improving the quality of food were largely explored, and this review critically addresses the most interesting and innovative reports in the field of nutrition and biomedicine that have appeared in the last five years. Several in vivo human and animal trials supported the proposed use of these materials as food supplements and for amelioration of the health and production of livestock. Biocompatible and stable functional polymers prepared by peroxidase-catalyzed polymerization of natural phenols, as well as natural phenol polymers were exploited as conventional and green plastic additives in smart packaging and food-spoilage prevention applications. The potential of natural phenol polymers in regenerative biomedicine as additives of biomaterials to promote growth and differentiation of osteoblasts is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Panzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cintia 4, Naples I-80126, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Napolitano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cintia 4, Naples I-80126, Italy.
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Varzakas T, Zakynthinos G, Verpoort F. Plant Food Residues as a Source of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods. Foods 2016; 5:E88. [PMID: 28231183 PMCID: PMC5302437 DOI: 10.3390/foods5040088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This chapter describes the use of different plant and vegetable food residues as nutraceuticals and functional foods. Different nutraceuticals are mentioned and explained. Their uses are well addressed along with their disease management and their action as nutraceutical delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Varzakas
- TEI Peloponnese, Department of Food Technology, Kalamata 24100, Greece.
- Department of Bioscience Bioengineering, Global Campus Songdo, Ghent University, 119 Songdomunhwa-Ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 406-840, Korea.
| | | | - Francis Verpoort
- Department of Bioscience Bioengineering, Global Campus Songdo, Ghent University, 119 Songdomunhwa-Ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 406-840, Korea.
- Laboratory of Organometallics, Catalysis and Ordered Materials, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
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