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Ringseis R, Wächter S, Cohrs I, Eder K, Grünberg W. Effect of dietary phosphorus deprivation during the dry period on the liver transcriptome of high-yielding periparturient dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:5178-5189. [PMID: 38395399 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Although dietary phosphorus (P) deprivation extending from the dry period into early lactation impairs health and productivity of cows, restricting dietary P supply during the dry period not only appears to be innocuous but rather effectively mitigates hypocalcemia during the first wk of lactation. To investigate possible negative metabolic effects of P deprivation during the dry period, the present study tested the hypothesis that restricted dietary P supply during the dry period alters the liver transcriptome of dairy cows during the periparturient period. Thirty late-pregnant multiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows entering their second, third, or fourth lactation were assigned to either a dry cow ration with low (LP, 0.16% P in DM) or adequate P content (AP, 0.35% in DM) during the last 4 wk of the dry period (n = 15/group). Liver transcriptomics, which was carried out in a subset of 5 second-parity cows of each group (n = 5), and determination of selected hormones and metabolites in blood of all cows, was performed ∼1 wk before calving and on d 3 postpartum. Liver tissue specimens and blood samples were obtained by a micro-invasive biopsy technique from the right tenth intercostal space and puncture of a jugular vein, respectively. One hundred seventy-five hepatic transcripts were expressed differentially between LP versus AP cows in late pregnancy, and 165 transcripts differed between LP versus AP cows in early lactation (fold change >1.3 and <-1.3, P < 0.05). In late pregnancy, the enriched biological processes of the upregulated and the downregulated transcripts were mainly related to immune processes and signal transduction (P < 0.05), respectively. In early lactation, the enriched biological processes of the upregulated and the downregulated transcripts were involved in mineral transport and biotransformation (P < 0.05), respectively. The plasma concentrations of the hormones and acute-phase proteins (progesterone, insulin-like growth factor 1, serum amyloid α, haptoglobin, and 17β-estradiol) determined were not affected by P supply. These results suggest that P deprivation during the dry period moderately affects the liver transcriptome of cows in late pregnancy and early lactation, and causes no effects on important plasma hormones and acute-phase proteins indicating no obvious impairment of health or metabolism of the cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sophia Wächter
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hanover, Germany
| | - Imke Cohrs
- Educational and Research Centre for Animal Husbandry, Hofgut Neumühle, 67728 Münchweiler an der Alsenz, Germany; Clinic for Ruminants and Herd Health Management, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Center for Sustainable Food Systems, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Walter Grünberg
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hanover, Germany; Clinic for Ruminants and Herd Health Management, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Schäfer L, Grundmann SM, Rühl M, Zorn H, Seel W, Simon MC, Schuchardt S, Most E, Ringseis R, Eder K. Effects of a biotechnologically produced Pleurotus sapidus mycelium on gut microbiome, liver transcriptome and plasma metabolome of broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103975. [PMID: 38945001 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Submerged cultivation using low-value agro-industrial side streams allows large-scale and efficient production of fungal mycelia, which has a high nutritional value. As the dietary properties of fungal mycelia in poultry are largely unknown, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of feeding a Pleurotus sapidus (PSA) mycelium as a feed supplement on growth performance, composition of the cecal microbiota and several physiological traits including gut integrity, nutrient digestibility, liver lipids, liver transcriptome and plasma metabolome in broilers. 72 males, 1-day-old Cobb 500 broilers were randomly assigned to 3 different groups and fed 3 different adequate diets containing either 0% (PSA-0), 2.5% (PSA-2.5) and 5% (PSA-5.0) P. sapidus mycelium in a 3-phase feeding system for 35 d. Each group consisted of 6 cages (replicates) with 4 broilers/cage. Body weight gain, feed intake and feed:gain ratio and apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein, ether extract and amino acids were not different between groups. Metagenomic analysis of the cecal microbiota revealed no differences between groups, except that one α-diversity metric (Shannon index) and the abundance of 2 low-abundance bacterial taxa (Clostridia UCG 014, Eubacteriales) differed between groups (P < 0.05). Concentrations of total and individual short-chain fatty acids in the cecal digesta and concentrations of plasma lipopolysaccharide and mRNA levels of proinflammatory genes, tight-junction proteins, and mucins in the cecum mucosa did not differ between groups. None of the plasma metabolites analyzed using targeted-metabolomics differed across the groups. Hepatic transcript profiling revealed a total of 144 transcripts to be differentially expressed between group PSA-5.0 and group PSA-0 but none of these genes was regulated greater 2-fold. Considering either the lack of effects or the very weak effects of feeding the P. sapidus mycelium in the broilers it can be concluded that inclusion of a sustainably produced fungal mycelium in broiler diets at the expense of other feed components has no negative consequences on broilers´ performance and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Schäfer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sarah M Grundmann
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Rühl
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Giessen, Germany
| | - Holger Zorn
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Giessen, Germany
| | - Waldemar Seel
- University of Bonn, Nutrition and Microbiota, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- University of Bonn, Nutrition and Microbiota, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Schuchardt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover, Germany
| | - Erika Most
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany; Center for Sustainable Food Systems, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany; Center for Sustainable Food Systems, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
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Beller S, Grundmann SM, Pies K, Most E, Schuchardt S, Seel W, Simon MC, Eder K, Ringseis R. Effect of replacing soybean meal with Hermetia illucens meal on cecal microbiota, liver transcriptome, and plasma metabolome of broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103635. [PMID: 38520936 PMCID: PMC10973670 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the existence of a number of studies investigating the effect of insect meal on the growth performance of broilers, knowledge about the metabolic effects of insect meal in broilers is still scarce. Thus, the present study investigated the effect of partial replacement of soybean meal with Hermetia illucens (HI) larvae meal on the liver transcriptome, the plasma metabolome, and the cecal microbiota in broilers. For the study, 72 male one-day-old Cobb 500 broilers were divided into three groups and fed 3 different diets with either 0% (HI0), 7.5% (HI7.5), or 15% (HI15) defatted HI meal for 35 d. Each group consisted of 6 cages (replicates) with 4 broilers/cage. While body weight (BW) gain, feed intake, and feed:gain ratio did not differ between groups, breast muscle weight, carcass yield, and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of 5 amino acids were higher in group HI15 than in group HI0 (P < 0.05). Indicators of α-diversity (Chao1 and Observed) in the cecal digesta were higher in groups HI15 and HI7.5 than in group HI0 (P < 0.05). The abundance of 5 families and 18 genera, all of which belonged to the Firmicutes phylum, in the cecal digesta differed among groups (P < 0.05). Concentrations of butyric acid, valeric acid, and isobutyric acid in the cecal digesta were lower in group HI15 than in the other 2 groups (P < 0.05), whereas those of total and other short-chain fatty acids were not different between groups. Liver transcriptomics revealed a total of 70 and 61 differentially expressed transcripts between groups HI15 vs. HI0 and between groups HI7.5 vs. HI0, respectively, (P < 0.05). Targeted metabolomics identified 138 metabolites, most of which were triglyceride species, being different between the 3 groups (FDR < 0.05). According to this study, dietary inclusion of HI larvae meal has no detrimental impact but increases breast muscle weight and carcass weight in broilers suggesting that HI larvae meal can be recommended as a sustainable alternative protein source for broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Beller
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sarah M Grundmann
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Klara Pies
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Erika Most
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sven Schuchardt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, 30625 Germany
| | - Waldemar Seel
- Nutrition and Microbiota, Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Nutrition and Microbiota, Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Center for Sustainable Food Systems, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, 35390 Germany
| | - Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Center for Sustainable Food Systems, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, 35390 Germany.
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An Y, Wang H, Gao A, Li S, Yang J, Li B, Lu H. Effects of Sophora alopecuroides in a High-Concentrate Diet on the Liver Immunity and Antioxidant Function of Lambs According to Transcriptome Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:182. [PMID: 38254353 PMCID: PMC10812488 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Sophora alopecuroides (SA) on liver function, liver inflammatory factor levels, antioxidant indexes and transcriptome in sheep. Twenty-four 3-month-old healthy Dumont hybrid lambs weighing 25.73 ± 2.17 kg were randomly divided into three groups: C1 (the control group), fed a concentrate-to-forage ratio of 50:50; H2 (the high-concentration group), fed a concentrate-to-forage ratio of 70:30; and S3 (the SA group), fed a concentrate-to-forage ratio of 70:30 + 0.1% SA. The results showed that the rumen pH values of the C1 and S3 groups were significant or significantly higher than that of the H2 group (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). The serum ALT, AST and LDH activities and the LPS and LBP concentrations in the sheep serum and liver in the H2 group were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those in the C1 and S3 groups (p < 0.01), and the IL-10 content and SOD, GPX-PX and T-AOC activities showed the opposite trend (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in the ECM-receptor interaction and focal adhesion pathways, which are closely related to immune and antioxidant functions (p-adjust < 0.1). In summary, SA could improve the immune and antioxidant functions of lamb livers under high-concentrate conditions and regulate the mechanism of damage on sheep livers, which is caused by high-concentrate diets and through the expression of related genes in the ECM/FAs pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen An
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (Y.A.); (S.L.); (J.Y.); (B.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Hairong Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (Y.A.); (S.L.); (J.Y.); (B.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Aiwu Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China;
| | - Shufang Li
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (Y.A.); (S.L.); (J.Y.); (B.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Jinli Yang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (Y.A.); (S.L.); (J.Y.); (B.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Boyang Li
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (Y.A.); (S.L.); (J.Y.); (B.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Henan Lu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (Y.A.); (S.L.); (J.Y.); (B.L.); (H.L.)
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Martens H. [The lipidosis in the liver of the dairy cow: Part 2 Genetic predisposition and prophylaxis]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2023; 51:305-313. [PMID: 37956673 DOI: 10.1055/a-2178-8847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic lipidosis in dairy cows is the result of a disturbed balance between the uptake of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), their metabolism in the hepatocytes, and the limited efflux of TG as very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Lipidosis and the associated risk for ketosis represents a consequence of selecting dairy cows primarily for milk production without considering the basic physiological mechanisms of this trait. The overall risk for lipidosis and ketosis possesses a genetic background and the recently released new breeding value of the German Holstein Friesian cows now sets the path for correction of this risk and in that confirms the assumed genetic threat. Ectopic fat deposition in the liver is the result of various steps including lipolysis, uptake of fat by the liver cell, its metabolism, and finally release as very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). These reactions may be modulated directly or indirectly and hence, serve as basis for prophylactic measures. The pertaining methods are described in order to support an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of lipidosis and ketosis. They consist of feeding a glucogenic diet, restricted feeding during the close-up time as well as supplementation with choline, niacin, carnitine, or the reduction of milking frequency. Prophylactic measures for the prevention of ketosis are also included in this discussion.
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Herrero-Encinas J, Corrales NL, Sevillano F, Ringseis R, Eder K, Menoyo D. Replacement of Vitamin E by an Extract from an Olive Oil by-Product, Rich in Hydroxytyrosol, in Broiler Diets: Effects on Liver Traits, Oxidation, Lipid Profile, and Transcriptome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1751. [PMID: 37760054 PMCID: PMC10525107 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The study examines the effect of replacing vitamin E (VE) with a liquid obtained from alpeorujo, an olive oil by-product rich in hydroxytyrosol (HT), as an antioxidant in broiler chicken feeds on the gene expression, lipid profile, and oxidation in the liver. There were five diets that differed only in the substitution of supplemental VE (0 to 40 mg/kg with differences of 10 mg/kg) by HT (30 to 0 mg/kg with differences of 7.5 mg/kg). A linear decrease (p < 0.05) in α-tocopherol concentration in the liver was observed with the replacement of VE by HT. There were no significant changes in triglyceride, cholesterol, or TBARS concentrations. The hepatic transcriptome showed 378 differentially expressed genes between broilers fed HT15 (20 mg/kg VE and 15 mg/kg HT) and HT0 (40 mg/kg VE) diets (p < 0.05 and fold change less or higher than 1.3). Significant changes in cell cycle, cell nucleus activity, neuroactivity, and necroptosis pathways and functions were observed. It is concluded that the olive oil by-product, rich in HT, could be used to spare VE as an antioxidant in broiler diets without affecting liver lipid and TBARS concentrations. The differential gene expression analysis showed a potential role of olive polyphenols in enhancing the chicken immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Herrero-Encinas
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETS Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.H.-E.); (N.L.C.); (F.S.)
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (R.R.); (K.E.)
| | - Nereida L. Corrales
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETS Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.H.-E.); (N.L.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Fernando Sevillano
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETS Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.H.-E.); (N.L.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (R.R.); (K.E.)
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (R.R.); (K.E.)
- Center for Sustainable Food Systems, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Senckenbergstr. 3, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - David Menoyo
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETS Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.H.-E.); (N.L.C.); (F.S.)
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Grundmann SM, Ress K, Zimmermann L, Höring M, Liebisch G, Most E, Ringseis R, Eder K. A High-Phosphorus Diet Moderately Alters the Lipidome and Transcriptome in the Skeletal Muscle of Adult Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:3734. [PMID: 37686765 PMCID: PMC10489812 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A high phosphorus intake has been associated with various metabolic disorders, including chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis. Recent studies have demonstrated the effects of dietary phosphorus on lipid and glucose metabolism. This study investigated the impact of a high-phosphorus diet on mouse skeletal muscle lipid composition and gene transcription. Adult male mice (n = 12/group) received either a diet with an adequate (0.3%) or a high (1.2%) phosphorus concentration for 6 weeks. The lipidome analysis showed that among the 17 analyzed lipid classes, the concentrations of three classes were reduced in the high phosphorus group compared to the adequate phosphorus group. These classes were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) (p < 0.05). Out of the three hundred and twenty-three individual lipid species analyzed, forty-nine showed reduced concentrations, while three showed increased concentrations in the high phosphorus group compared to the adequate phosphorus group. The muscle transcriptome analysis identified 142 up- and 222 down-regulated transcripts in the high phosphorus group compared to the adequate phosphorus group. Gene set enrichment analysis identified that genes that were up-regulated in the high phosphorus group were linked to the gene ontology terms "mitochondria" and "Notch signaling pathway", whereas genes that were down-regulated were linked to the "PI3K-AKT pathway". Overall, the effects of the high-phosphorus diet on the muscle lipidome and transcriptome were relatively modest, but consistently indicated an impact on lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Grundmann
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (K.R.); (L.Z.); (E.M.); (R.R.); (K.E.)
| | - Kerstin Ress
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (K.R.); (L.Z.); (E.M.); (R.R.); (K.E.)
| | - Lea Zimmermann
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (K.R.); (L.Z.); (E.M.); (R.R.); (K.E.)
| | - Marcus Höring
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.H.); (G.L.)
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.H.); (G.L.)
| | - Erika Most
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (K.R.); (L.Z.); (E.M.); (R.R.); (K.E.)
| | - Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (K.R.); (L.Z.); (E.M.); (R.R.); (K.E.)
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (K.R.); (L.Z.); (E.M.); (R.R.); (K.E.)
- Center for Sustainable Food Systems, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Senckenbergstrasse 3, 35390 Giessen, Germany
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Alfaro GF, Palombo V, D'Andrea M, Cao W, Zhang Y, Beever J, Muntifering RB, Pacheco WJ, Rodning SP, Wang X, Moisá SJ. Hepatic transcript profiling in beef cattle: Effects of rumen-protected niacin supplementation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289409. [PMID: 37535643 PMCID: PMC10399858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of our study was to assess the effect of rumen-protected niacin supplementation on the transcriptome of liver tissue in growing Angus × Simmental steers and heifers through RNA-seq analysis. Consequently, we wanted to assess the known role of niacin in the physiological processes of vasodilation, detoxification, and immune function in beef hepatic tissue. Normal weaned calves (~8 months old) were provided either a control diet or a diet supplemented with rumen-protected niacin (6 g/hd/d) for a 30-day period, followed by a liver biopsy. We observed a significant list of changes at the transcriptome level due to rumen-protected niacin supplementation. Several metabolic pathways revealed potential positive effects to the animal's liver metabolism due to administration of rumen-protected niacin; for example, a decrease in lipolysis, apoptosis, inflammatory responses, atherosclerosis, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and vasodilation-related pathways. Therefore, results from our study showed that the liver transcriptional machinery switched several metabolic pathways to a condition that could potentially benefit the health status of animals supplemented with rumen-protected niacin. In conclusion, based on the results of our study, we can suggest the utilization of rumen-protected niacin supplementation as a nutritional strategy could improve the health status of growing beef cattle in different beef production stages, such as backgrounding operations or new arrivals to a feedlot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gastón F Alfaro
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Valentino Palombo
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mariasilvia D'Andrea
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Wenqi Cao
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Beever
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Russell B Muntifering
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
- Cooperative Extension Service, University of Kentucky, Kentucky, Lexington, United States of America
| | - Wilmer J Pacheco
- Department of Poultry Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Soren P Rodning
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States of America
| | - Sonia J Moisá
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
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Schäfer L, Grundmann SM, Maheshwari G, Höring M, Liebisch G, Most E, Eder K, Ringseis R. Effect of replacement of soybean oil by Hermetia illucens fat on performance, digestibility, cecal microbiome, liver transcriptome and liver and plasma lipidomes of broilers. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:20. [PMID: 36855061 PMCID: PMC9976384 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00831-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In contrast to protein-rich insect meal, the feed potential of insect fat is generally less explored and knowledge about the suitability of insect fat as a fat source specifically in broiler diets is still limited. In view of this, the present study aimed to comprehensively investigate the effect of partial (50%) and complete replacement of soybean oil with insect fat from Hermetia illucens (HI) larvae in broiler diets on performance, fat digestibility, cecal microbiome, liver transcriptome and liver and plasma lipidomes. Thus, 100 male, 1-day-old Cobb 500 broilers were randomly assigned to three groups and fed three different diets with either 0 (group HI-0, n = 30), 2.5% (group HI-2.5, n = 35) or 5.0% (HI-5.0, n = 35) Hermetia illucens (HI) larvae fat for 35 d. RESULTS Body weight gain, final body weight, feed intake, and feed:gain ratio during the whole period and apparent ileal digestibility coefficient for ether extract were not different between groups. Cecal microbial diversity did not differ between groups and taxonomic analysis revealed differences in the abundance of only four low-abundance bacterial taxa among groups; the abundances of phylum Actinobacteriota, class Coriobacteriia, order Coriobacteriales and family Eggerthellaceae were lower in group HI-5.0 compared to group HI-2.5 (P < 0.05). Concentrations of total and individual short-chain fatty acids in the cecal digesta were not different between the three groups. Liver transcriptomics revealed a total of 55 and 25 transcripts to be differentially expressed between groups HI-5.0 vs. HI-0 and groups HI-2.5 vs. HI-0, respectively (P < 0.05). The concentrations of most lipid classes, with the exception of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and lysophosphatidylcholine in the liver and cholesterylester and ceramide in plasma (P < 0.05), and of the sum of all lipid classes were not different between groups. CONCLUSIONS Partial and complete replacement of soybean oil with HI larvae fat in broiler diets had no effect on growth performance and only modest, but no adverse effects on the cecal microbiome and the metabolic health of broilers. This suggests that HI larvae fat can be used as an alternative fat source in broiler diets, thereby, making broiler production more sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Schäfer
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sarah M. Grundmann
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Garima Maheshwari
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcus Höring
- grid.411941.80000 0000 9194 7179Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- grid.411941.80000 0000 9194 7179Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Erika Most
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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Carretta MD, Creutzburg P, Borquez K, Quiroga J, Alarcón P, Rivera A, Burgos RA. Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA2) agonists induce NET formation and MMP-9 release from bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:104562. [PMID: 36183839 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Periparturient cows are commonly fed diets supplemented with Niacin (nicotinic acid, NA) because of its anti-lipolytic properties. NA confers its anti-lipolytic effects by activating the hydroxycarboxylic acid 2 receptor (HCA2). HCA2 is also activated by the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and circulating BHB levels are elevated in postpartum dairy cows. The HCA2 receptor is highly expressed in bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and could link metabolic and innate immune responses in cattle. We investigated how HCA2 agonists affected bovine PMN function in vitro. We studied different PMN responses, such as granule release, surface expression of CD11b and CD47, generation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and apoptosis. NA, BHB, and 4,4aR,5,5aR-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa [4,5] cyclopenta [1,2-c] pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (MK-1903) treatment triggered the release of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), a component of the tertiary granule, from neutrophils. Additionally, all HCA2 agonists induced NETs formation but did not affect surface expression of CD11b and CD47. Finally, none of the HCA2 agonists triggered apoptosis in bovine PMN. This information will give new insights into the potential role of the HCA2 receptor in the bovine innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Daniella Carretta
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de, Chile.
| | - Paz Creutzburg
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de, Chile
| | - Katherine Borquez
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de, Chile
| | - John Quiroga
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de, Chile
| | - Pablo Alarcón
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de, Chile
| | - Andrés Rivera
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de, Chile
| | - Rafael Agustin Burgos
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de, Chile
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11
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Vatnikov Y, Rudenko A, Gnezdilova L, Sotnikova E, Byakhova V, Piven E, Kulikov E, Petrov A, Drukovskiy S, Petrukhina O. Clinical and diagnostic characteristics of the development of hepatocardial syndrome in black and white cows in the early lactation period. Vet World 2022; 15:2259-2268. [PMID: 36341078 PMCID: PMC9631371 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2259-2268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: It is known that during the early postpartum and lactation periods in dairy cows, metabolic disorders develop, that is, ketosis, which can lead to secondary damage to internal organs. Therefore, it is important to address the issues of changing the lactating cows’ clinical, laboratory, and physiological parameters regarding the development of hepatocardial syndrome. This study aimed to provide clinical and diagnostic justification for developing hepatocardial syndrome in highly productive dairy cows. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 20 black and white cows in the early postpartum period (7–10 days after birth), with a milk production level of >4500 kg of milk during the previous lactation period, a positive result in the formol colloid sedimentary test, the presence of deafness and splitting of heart sounds, changes in the size, or increased pain sensitivity of the percussion field of the liver. Clinically healthy dairy cows in the early postpartum period were used as controls (n = 24). Clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, and biochemical parameters were also evaluated. Results: Dairy cows with hepatocardial syndrome developed arterial hypertension and sinus tachycardia, which led to a significant decrease in PQ and QT intervals at ECG. A significant increase in the diastolic size of the interventricular septum, systolic size of the free wall of the left ventricle, and diastolic and systolic sizes of the left ventricle and a significant decrease in the shortening fraction of the left ventricular myocardium were observed in the cows due to the development of hepatocardial syndrome. The affected cows demonstrated a significant increase in serum activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, alkaline phosphatase, troponin, malondialdehyde, diene conjugates, and ceruloplasmin and a decrease in glucose concentration. In addition, they demonstrated decreased activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. Conclusion: Hepatocardial syndrome in dairy cows occurs due to ketosis, characterized by arterial hypertension, sinus tachycardia, a moderate decrease in myocardial contractility, oxidative stress, and cytolysis of cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes. Therefore, the control and prevention of the development of hepatocardial syndrome will make it possible to maintain the productive health and longevity of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury Vatnikov
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Rudenko
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Food Production, Moscow, Russia
| | - Larisa Gnezdilova
- Department of Diseases, Diagnostics, Therapy, Obstetrics and Reproduction of Animals, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology - MVA Named after K.I. Skryabin, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Sotnikova
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Varvara Byakhova
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Piven
- Department of Public Health, Healthcare, and Hygiene, Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny Kulikov
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Petrov
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav Drukovskiy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Olesya Petrukhina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
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12
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Eder K, Gessner DK, Ringseis R. Fibroblast growth factor 21 in dairy cows: current knowledge and potential relevance. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:97. [PMID: 34517929 PMCID: PMC8439079 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00621-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has been identified as an important regulator of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, which plays an important role for metabolic regulation, particularly under conditions of energy deprivation or stress conditions. Dairy cows are subjected to a negative energy balance and various kinds of stress particularly during the periparturient phase and during early lactation. It has been shown that the plasma concentration of FGF21 in dairy cows is dramatically increased at parturition and remains high during the first weeks of lactation. This finding suggests that FGF21 might exert similar functions in dairy cows than in other species, such as mice or humans. However, the role of FGF21 in dairy cows has been less investigated so far. Following a brief summary of the previous findings about the function of FGF21 in humans and mice, the present review aims to present the current state of knowledge about the role of FGF21 in dairy cows. The first part of the review deals with the tissue localization of FGF21 and with conditions leading to an upregulation of FGF21 expression in the liver of dairy cows. In the second part, the influence of nutrition on FGF21 expression and the role of FGF21 for metabolic diseases in dairy cows is addressed. In the third part, findings of exogenous FGF21 application on metabolism in dairy cows are reported. Finally, the potential relevance of FGF21 in dairy cows is discussed. It is concluded that FGF21 might be of great importance for metabolic adaptation to negative energy balance and stress conditions in dairy cows. However, further studies are needed for a better understanding of the functions of FGF21 in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Denise K. Gessner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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13
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Ringseis R, Grundmann SM, Schuchardt S, Most E, Eder K. Limited Impact of Pivalate-Induced Secondary Carnitine Deficiency on Hepatic Transcriptome and Hepatic and Plasma Metabolome in Nursery Pigs. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11090573. [PMID: 34564388 PMCID: PMC8468870 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of pivalate has been demonstrated to be suitable for the induction of secondary carnitine deficiency (CD) in pigs, as model objects for humans. In order to comprehensively characterize the metabolic effects of secondary CD in the liver of pigs, the present study aimed to carry out comparative analysis of the hepatic transcriptome and hepatic and plasma metabolome of a total of 12 male 5-week-old pigs administered either pivalate (group PIV, n = 6) or vehicle (group CON, n = 6) for 28 days. Pigs of group PIV had approximately 40-60% lower concentrations of free carnitine and acetylcarnitine in plasma, liver and different skeletal muscles than pigs of group CON (p < 0.05). Transcript profiling of the liver revealed 140 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between group PIV and group CON (fold change > 1.2 or <-1.2, p-value < 0.05). Biological process terms dealing with the innate immune response were found to be enriched with the DEGs (p < 0.05). Using a targeted metabolomics approach for the simultaneous quantification of 630 metabolites, 9 liver metabolites and 18 plasma metabolites were identified to be different between group PIV and group CON (p < 0.05). Considering the limited alterations of the hepatic transcriptome and of the liver and plasma metabolome, it can be concluded that pivalate-induced secondary CD is not associated with significant hepatic metabolism changes in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.M.G.); (E.M.); (K.E.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sarah M. Grundmann
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.M.G.); (E.M.); (K.E.)
| | - Sven Schuchardt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs-Str.1, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Erika Most
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.M.G.); (E.M.); (K.E.)
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.M.G.); (E.M.); (K.E.)
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14
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Marschall MJM, Ringseis R, Gessner DK, Grundmann SM, Most E, Wen G, Maheshwari G, Zorn H, Eder K. Effect of Ecdysterone on the Hepatic Transcriptome and Lipid Metabolism in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5241. [PMID: 34063487 PMCID: PMC8156757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conflicting reports exist with regard to the effect of ecdysterone, the predominating representative of steroid hormones in insects and plants, on hepatic and plasma lipid concentrations in different rodent models of obesity, fatty liver, and diabetes, indicating that the effect is dependent on the rodent model used. Here, the hypothesis was tested for the first time that ecdysterone causes lipid-lowering effects in genetically obese Zucker rats. To test this hypothesis, two groups of male obese Zucker rats (n = 8) were fed a nutrient-adequate diet supplemented without or with 0.5 g ecdysterone per kg diet. To study further if ecdysterone is capable of alleviating the strong lipid-synthetic activity in the liver of obese Zucker rats, the study included also two groups of male lean Zucker rats (n = 8) which also received either the ecdysterone-supplemented or the non-supplemented diet. While hepatic and plasma concentrations of triglycerides and cholesterol were markedly higher in the obese compared to the lean rats (p < 0.05), hepatic and plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations did not differ between rats of the same genotype fed the diets without or with ecdysterone. In conclusion, the present study clearly shows that ecdysterone supplementation does not exhibit lipid-lowering actions in the liver and plasma of lean and obese Zucker rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena J. M. Marschall
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.J.M.M.); (D.K.G.); (S.M.G.); (E.M.); (G.W.); (G.M.); (K.E.)
| | - Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.J.M.M.); (D.K.G.); (S.M.G.); (E.M.); (G.W.); (G.M.); (K.E.)
| | - Denise K. Gessner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.J.M.M.); (D.K.G.); (S.M.G.); (E.M.); (G.W.); (G.M.); (K.E.)
| | - Sarah M. Grundmann
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.J.M.M.); (D.K.G.); (S.M.G.); (E.M.); (G.W.); (G.M.); (K.E.)
| | - Erika Most
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.J.M.M.); (D.K.G.); (S.M.G.); (E.M.); (G.W.); (G.M.); (K.E.)
| | - Gaiping Wen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.J.M.M.); (D.K.G.); (S.M.G.); (E.M.); (G.W.); (G.M.); (K.E.)
| | - Garima Maheshwari
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.J.M.M.); (D.K.G.); (S.M.G.); (E.M.); (G.W.); (G.M.); (K.E.)
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Holger Zorn
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.J.M.M.); (D.K.G.); (S.M.G.); (E.M.); (G.W.); (G.M.); (K.E.)
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15
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Ringseis R, Gessner DK, Loewenstein F, Kuehling J, Becker S, Willems H, Lechner M, Eder K, Reiner G. Swine Inflammation and Necrosis Syndrome Is Associated with Plasma Metabolites and Liver Transcriptome in Affected Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:772. [PMID: 33799520 PMCID: PMC8001383 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine Inflammation and Necrosis Syndrome can lead to severe clinical signs, especially in tails, ears, teats, and claws in pigs. Clinical and histopathological findings in newborn piglets with intact epidermis indicate a primarily endogenous etiology, and microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are assumed to play a central role in the development of the syndrome. We hypothesized that swine inflammation and necrosis syndrome (SINS) is indirectly triggered by gut-derived MAMPs entering the circulatory system via the liver and thereby causing derangements on liver metabolism. To test this hypothesis, metabolomes, candidate genes of the liver and liver transcriptomes of 6 piglets with high-grade clinical signs of SINS (SINS high) were examined and compared with 6 piglets without significant signs of SINS (SINS low). Several hepatic pro-inflammatory genes and genes involved in stress response were induced in piglets of the SINS high group. The most striking finding from hepatic transcript profiling and bioinformatic enrichment was that the most enriched biological processes associated with the approximately 220 genes induced in the liver of the SINS high group were exclusively related to metabolic pathways, such as fatty acid metabolic process. Within the genes (≈390) repressed in the liver of the SINS high group, enriched pathways were ribosome biogenesis, RNA processing, RNA splicing, spliceosome, and RNA transport. The transcriptomic findings were supported by the results of the metabolome analyses. These results provide the first evidence for the induction of an inflammatory process in the liver of piglets suffering from SINS, accompanied by lipid metabolic derangement.
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Grants
- no number Tönnies Forschung, Rheda, Germany
- no number Ministerium für Umwelt, Klimaschutz, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz, Hessen, Germa-ny
- no number Ministerium für Umwelt, Klima, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (R.R.); (D.K.G.); (K.E.)
| | - Denise K. Gessner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (R.R.); (D.K.G.); (K.E.)
| | - Frederik Loewenstein
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinic for Swine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 112, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (F.L.); (J.K.); (S.B.); (H.W.)
| | - Josef Kuehling
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinic for Swine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 112, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (F.L.); (J.K.); (S.B.); (H.W.)
| | - Sabrina Becker
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinic for Swine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 112, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (F.L.); (J.K.); (S.B.); (H.W.)
| | - Hermann Willems
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinic for Swine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 112, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (F.L.); (J.K.); (S.B.); (H.W.)
| | | | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (R.R.); (D.K.G.); (K.E.)
| | - Gerald Reiner
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinic for Swine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 112, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (F.L.); (J.K.); (S.B.); (H.W.)
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16
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Gaowa N, Zhang X, Li H, Wang Y, Zhang J, Hao Y, Cao Z, Li S. Effects of Rumen-Protected Niacin on Dry Matter Intake, Milk Production, Apparent Total Tract Digestibility, and Faecal Bacterial Community in Multiparous Holstein Dairy Cow during the Postpartum Period. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:617. [PMID: 33652794 PMCID: PMC7996887 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive studies about rumen-protected niacin (RPN) supplementation on dairy cows in early-lactation have been done, but the effects of RPN on changes in dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, feed digestibility, and fecal bacterial community were conflicting. The aim of this study was to investigate them affected by RPN in postpartum cows. Multiparous Holstein dairy cows (n = 12, parity = 3.5 ± 0.5, body weights = 740 ± 28 kg) were divided into two groups supplemented with either 0 (CON) or 20 g/d RPN (RPN). Our results showed that RPN supplementation increased DMI and milk production of cows during the first three weeks after calving (p < 0.05). The concentrations of neuropeptide Y and orexin A were significantly higher in RPN group than that in the CON group during postpartum period (p < 0.05). The apparent total-tract digestibility of nutrients was similar between the CON and RPN groups at 2 weeks after calving (p > 0.05). The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis showed that RPN had no impact on the alpha and beta diversity, although 4 genera were changed in cow feces at 14 days after calving. Overall, 20 g/d RPN added to the diet could improve DMI and milk yield up to two weeks after calving with little influence on feed digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naren Gaowa
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (N.G.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (Z.C.)
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (N.G.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (Z.C.)
| | - Huanxu Li
- Beijing Oriental Kingherd Biotechnology Company, Beijing 100069, China;
| | - Yajing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (N.G.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (Z.C.)
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
| | - Yangyi Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (N.G.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (N.G.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (Z.C.)
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (N.G.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (Z.C.)
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17
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Kuhn MJ, Mavangira V, Sordillo LM. Invited review: Cytochrome P450 enzyme involvement in health and inflammatory-based diseases of dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:1276-1290. [PMID: 33358163 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dairy cattle are at the greatest risk of developing diseases around the time of calving because of compromised immune responses and the occurrence of oxidative stress. Both the development of compromised immunity and oxidative stress are influenced directly or indirectly by the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and fat-soluble vitamins. The cytochrome P450 (CYP450) family of enzymes is central to the metabolism of both classes of these compounds, but to date, the importance of CYP450 in the health of dairy cattle is underappreciated. As certain CYP450 isoforms metabolize both PUFA and fat-soluble vitamins, potential interactions may occur between PUFA and fat-soluble vitamins that are largely unexplored. For example, one CYP450 that generates anti-inflammatory oxylipids from arachidonic acid additionally contributes to the activation of vitamin D. Other potential substrate interactions between PUFA and vitamins A and E may exist as well. The intersection of PUFA and fat-soluble vitamin metabolism by CYP450 suggest that this enzyme system could provide an understanding of how immune function and oxidant status interconnect, resulting in increased postpartum disease occurrence. This review will detail the known contributions of bovine CYP450 to the regulation of oxylipids with a focus on enzymes that may also be involved in the metabolism of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and E that contribute to antioxidant defenses. Although the activity of specific CYP450 is generally conserved among mammals, important differences exist in cattle, such as the isoforms primarily responsible for activation of vitamin D that makes their specific study in cattle of great importance. Additionally, a CYP450-driven inflammatory positive feedback loop is proposed, which may contribute to the dysfunctional inflammatory responses commonly found during the transition period. Establishing the individual enzyme isoform contributions to oxylipid biosynthesis and the regulation of vitamins A, D, and E may reveal how the CYP450 family of enzymes can affect inflammatory responses during times of increased susceptibility to disease. Determining the potential effect of each CYP450 on disease susceptibility or pathogenesis may allow for the targeted manipulation of the CYP450 pathways to influence specific immune responses and antioxidant defenses during times of increased risk for health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Kuhn
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - V Mavangira
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - L M Sordillo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
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18
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Review: Pro-inflammatory cytokines and hypothalamic inflammation: implications for insufficient feed intake of transition dairy cows. Animal 2020; 14:s65-s77. [PMID: 32024569 PMCID: PMC7003138 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119003124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvements in feed intake of dairy cows entering the early lactation period potentially decrease the risk of metabolic disorders, but before developing approaches targeting the intake level, mechanisms controlling and dysregulating energy balance and feed intake need to be understood. This review focuses on different inflammatory pathways interfering with the neuroendocrine system regulating feed intake of periparturient dairy cows. Subacute inflammation in various peripheral organs often occurs shortly before or after calving and is associated with increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. These cytokines are released into the circulation and sensed by neurons located in the hypothalamus, the key brain region regulating energy balance, to signal reduction in feed intake. Besides these peripheral humoral signals, glia cells in the brain may produce pro-inflammatory cytokines independent of peripheral inflammation. Preliminary results show intensive microglia activation in early lactation, suggesting their involvement in hypothalamic inflammation and the control of feed intake of dairy cows. On the other hand, pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced activation of the vagus nerve transmits signalling to the brain, but this pathway seems not exclusively necessary to signal feed intake reduction. Yet, less studied in dairy cows so far, the endocannabinoid system links inflammation and the hypothalamic control of feed intake. Distinct endocannabinoids exert anti-inflammatory action but also stimulate the posttranslational cleavage of neuronal proopiomelanocortin towards β-endorphin, an orexigen promoting feed intake. Plasma endocannabinoid concentrations and hypothalamic β-endorphin levels increase from late pregnancy to early lactation, but less is known about the regulation of the hypothalamic endocannabinoid system during the periparturient period of dairy cows. Dietary fatty acids may modulate the formation of endocannabinoids, which opens new avenues to improve metabolic health and immune status of dairy cows.
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19
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Comprehensive evaluation of the metabolic effects of insect meal from Tenebrio molitor L. in growing pigs by transcriptomics, metabolomics and lipidomics. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:20. [PMID: 32158542 PMCID: PMC7055059 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-0425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The hypothesis was tested that insect meal (IM) as protein source influences intermediary metabolism of growing pigs. To test this, 30 male, 5-week-old crossbred pigs were randomly assigned to 3 groups of 10 pigs each with similar body weights (BW) and fed isonitrogenous diets either without (CON) or with 5% IM (IM5) or 10% IM (IM10) from Tenebrio molitor L. for 4 weeks and key metabolic tissues (liver, muscle, plasma) were analyzed using omics-techniques. Results Most performance parameters did not differ across the groups, whereas ileal digestibilities of most amino acids were 6.7 to 15.6%-units lower in IM10 than in CON (P < 0.05). Transcriptomics of liver and skeletal muscle revealed a total of 166 and 198, respectively, transcripts differentially expressed between IM10 and CON (P < 0.05). Plasma metabolomics revealed higher concentrations of alanine, citrulline, glutamate, proline, serine, tyrosine and valine and a lower concentration of asparagine in IM10 than in CON (P < 0.05). Only one out of fourteen quantifiable amino acid metabolites, namely methionine sulfoxide (MetS), in plasma was elevated by 45% and 71% in IM5 and IM10, respectively, compared to CON (P < 0.05). Plasma concentrations of both, major carnitine/acylcarnitine species and bile acids were not different across groups. Lipidomics of liver and plasma demonstrated no differences in the concentrations of triacylglycerols, cholesterol and the main phospholipids, lysophospholipids and sphingolipids between groups. The percentages of all individual phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) species in the liver showed no differences between groups, except those with 6 double bonds (PC 38:6, PC 40:6, PE 38:6, PE 40:6), which were markedly lower in IM10 than in CON (P < 0.05). In line with this, the percentage of C22:6n-3 in hepatic total lipids was lower in IM10 than in the other groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions Comprehensive analyzes of the transcriptome, lipidome and metabolome of key metabolic tissues indicate that partial or complete replacement of a conventional protein source by IM in the diet has only a weak impact on the intermediary metabolism of growing pigs. Thus, it is concluded that IM from Tenebrio molitor L. can be used as a dietary source of protein in pigs without causing adverse effects on metabolism.
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Niacin nutrition and rumen-protected niacin supplementation in dairy cows: an updated review. Br J Nutr 2019; 122:1103-1112. [PMID: 31474235 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519002216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As the precursor to NAD+ and NADP+, niacin is important for catabolic and anabolic redox reactions. In addition, niacin is known for its anti-lipolytic action via a hydroxycarboxylic acid-2-receptor-dependent mechanism. The anti-lipolytic effects of traditional free niacin supplementation during transition periods had been studied extensively, but the reported effects are ambiguous. In the past decade, a series of studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of rumen-protected niacin (RPN) on production performance and metabolic status in early lactation and on heat stress in dairy cows. Feeding RPN seems more effective than free niacin regarding increasing circulating niacin concentration. The rebound of plasma NEFA was found after termination of niacin abomasal infusion. Feeding RPN or infusion of niacin via the abomasum could suppress lipolysis and reduce insulin resistance in early lactation. Additionally, RPN supplementation could possibly relieve heat stress through vasodilation during moderate to severe heat stress condition. However, these beneficial effects of niacin supplementation have not always been observed. The inconsistent results across studies may be related to dosages of niacin supplementation, rebound of plasma NEFA concentration, stage of lactation or severity of heat stress. Overall, the current review is to present updated information on niacin nutrition in dairy cows and the recommendations are given for future research.
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