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Hu Y, Hou Z, Liu Z, Wang X, Zhong J, Li J, Guo X, Ruan C, Sang H, Zhu B. Oyster mantle-derived exosomes alleviate osteoporosis by regulating bone homeostasis. Biomaterials 2024; 311:122648. [PMID: 38833761 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major public health problem with an urgent need for safe and effective therapeutic interventions. The process of shell formation in oysters is similar to that of bone formation in mammals, and oyster extracts have been proven to exert osteoprotective effects. Oyster mantle is the most crucial organ regulating shell formation, in which exosomes play an important role. However, the effects of oyster mantle-derived exosomes (OMEs) on mammalian osteoporosis and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The OMEs investigated herein was found to carry abundant osteogenic cargos. They could also survive hostile gastrointestinal conditions and accumulate in the bones following oral administration. Moreover, they promoted osteoblastic differentiation and inhibited osteoclastic differentiation simultaneously. Further mechanistic examination revealed that OMEs likely promoted osteogenic activity by activating PI3K/Akt/β-catenin pathway in osteoblasts and blunted osteoclastic activity by inhibiting NF-κB pathway in osteoclasts. These favorable pro-osteogenic effects of OMEs were also corroborated in a rat femur defect model. Importantly, oral administration of OMEs effectively attenuated bone loss and improved the bone microstructure in ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic mice, and demonstrating excellent biosafety. The mechanistic insights from our data support that OMEs possess promising therapeutic potential against osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China; College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zuoxu Hou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518101, China
| | - Zhengqi Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518101, China
| | - Jintao Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518101, China
| | - Jinjin Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xiaoming Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Changshun Ruan
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hongxun Sang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518101, China.
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
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2
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Prasadani M, Kodithuwakku S, Pennarossa G, Fazeli A, Brevini TAL. Therapeutic Potential of Bovine Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5543. [PMID: 38791583 PMCID: PMC11122584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Milk is a fundamental component of the human diet, owing to its substantial nutritional content. In addition, milk contains nanoparticles called extracellular vesicles (EVs), which have indicated their potential beneficial roles such as cell-to-cell communication, disease biomarkers, and therapeutics agents. Amidst other types of EVs, milk EVs (MEVs) have their significance due to their high abundance, easy access, and stability in harsh environmental conditions, such as low pH in the gut. There have been plenty of studies conducted to evaluate the therapeutic potential of bovine MEVs over the past few years, and attention has been given to their engineering for drug delivery and targeted therapy. However, there is a gap between the experimental findings available and clinical trials due to the many challenges related to EV isolation, cargo, and the uniformity of the material. This review aims to provide a comprehensive comparison of various techniques for the isolation of MEVs and offers a summary of the therapeutic potential of bovine MEVs described over the last decade, analyzing potential challenges and further applications. Although a number of aspects still need to be further elucidated, the available data point to the role of MEVs as a potential candidate with therapeutics potential, and the supplementation of MEVs would pave the way to understanding their in-depth effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusha Prasadani
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (M.P.); (S.K.); (A.F.)
| | - Suranga Kodithuwakku
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (M.P.); (S.K.); (A.F.)
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Georgia Pennarossa
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology and Tissue Engineering, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Alireza Fazeli
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (M.P.); (S.K.); (A.F.)
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2SF, UK
| | - Tiziana A. L. Brevini
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology and Tissue Engineering, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
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Salehi M, Negahdari B, Mehryab F, Shekari F. Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Biomedical Applications, Current Challenges, and Future Perspectives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8304-8331. [PMID: 38587896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano to-micrometer-sized sacs that are released by almost all animal and plant cells and act as intercellular communicators by transferring their cargos between the source and target cells. As a safe and scalable alternative to conditioned medium-derived EVs, milk-derived EVs (miEVs) have recently gained a great deal of popularity. Numerous studies have shown that miEVs have intrinsic therapeutic actions that can treat diseases and enhance human health. Additionally, they can be used as natural drug carriers and novel classes of biomarkers. However, due to the complexity of the milk, the successful translation of miEVs from benchtop to bedside still faces several unfilled gaps, especially a lack of standardized protocols for the isolation of high-purity miEVs. In this work, by comprehensively reviewing the bovine miEVs studies, we provide an overview of current knowledge and research on miEVs while highlighting their challenges and enormous promise as a novel class of theranostics. It is hoped that this study will pave the way for clinical applications of miEVs by addressing their challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Salehi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14177-55469, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran
| | - Babak Negahdari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14177-55469, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mehryab
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6153, Iran
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center (ATMP-TDC), Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran
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Penna F, Garcia-Castillo L, Costelli P. Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes in the Control of the Musculoskeletal Health. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2024; 22:257-265. [PMID: 38424339 PMCID: PMC11061004 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-024-00866-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present review will highlight recent reports supporting the relevance of extracellular vesicles to the musculoskeletal system in health and disease. RECENT FINDINGS Preserving the health of the musculoskeletal system is important to maintain a good quality of life, and the bone-muscle crosstalk is crucial in this regard. This latter is largely mediated by extracellular vesicles released by the different cell populations residing in muscle and bone, which deliver cargoes, microRNAs, and proteins being the most relevant ones, to target cells. Extracellular vesicles could be exploited as therapeutic tools, in view of their resistance to destruction in the biological fluid and of the possibility to be functionalized according to the need. Extracellular vesicles are recognized as crucial players in the bone-muscle cross-talk. Additional studies however are required to refine their use as biomarkers of early alterations of the musculoskeletal system, and as potential therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Lorena Garcia-Castillo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Costelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Turin, Italy.
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Comerford K, Lawson Y, Young M, Knight M, McKinney K, Mpasi P, Mitchell E. Executive summary: The role of dairy food intake for improving health among Black Americans across the life continuum. J Natl Med Assoc 2024; 116:211-218. [PMID: 38368232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2024.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Given the complex relationships that many Black individuals have with dairy foods, due to issues with lactose intolerance or other cultural factors, the National Medical Association has made considerable efforts to examine the role that dairy foods play in the health and well-being of Black Americans. Over the last two decades, the National Medical Association and its partners have produced multiple reports on the value of including adequate milk and dairy foods in the diets of Black Americans. These publications have highlighted the impact that inadequate consumption of dairy foods and nutrients have on chronic disease risks. Past publications have also provided evidence-based recommendations for the proper diagnosis and management of lactose intolerance. This new series of evidence reviews focuses on dairy's role in improving nutrition and health among Black Americans across the life course and covers an extensive amount of new research that highlights additional health disparities and provides further evidence-based strategies for the management of lactose intolerance. Much like the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, this work utilizes a life course approach to better address dairy intake on health outcomes for different ages and life stages: 1) pregnancy, fetal development, and lactation, 2) infants, toddlers, and young children, 3) older children and adolescents, 4) adults, and 5) geriatric populations. Overall, the findings and conclusions from this series of evidence reviews continue to indicate that higher dairy intake is associated with reduced risk for many of the most commonly occurring deficiencies and diseases impacting each life stage, and that Black Americans would receive significantly greater health benefits by increasing their daily dairy intake levels to meet the national dietary recommendations than they would from continuing to fall short of these recommendations. However, these recommendations must be considered with appropriate context and nuance as the intake of different dairy products can have different impacts on health outcomes. For instance, vitamin D fortified dairy products and fermented dairy products like yogurt - which are low in lactose and rich in live and active cultures - tend to show the greatest impacts for reducing disease risk across the life continuum, while whole-fat dairy foods may be most beneficial in early life for optimal brain development, and more protein-rich options may be most beneficial in later life to help maintain muscle mass and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Comerford
- California Dairy Research Foundation, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Yolanda Lawson
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Michal Young
- Emeritus, Howard University College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Washington D.C., United States
| | - Michael Knight
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington D.C., United States
| | - Kevin McKinney
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Priscilla Mpasi
- ChristianaCare Health System, Assistant Clinical Director Complex Care and Community Medicine, Wilmington, DE, United States
| | - Edith Mitchell
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer at Jefferson, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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6
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He Y, Chen Y. The Potential of Exosomes for Osteoporosis Treatment: A Review. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:979-989. [PMID: 38562519 PMCID: PMC10984200 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s437596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
As a continuous process comprising bone resorption and formation, bone remodeling, plays an essential role in maintaining the balance of bone metabolism. One type of metabolic osteopathy is osteoporosis, which is defined by low bone mass and deteriorating bone microstructure. Osteoporosis patients are more likely to experience frequent osteoporotic fractures, which makes osteoporosis prevention and treatment crucial. A growing body of research has revealed that exosomes, which are homogenous vesicles released by most cell types, play a major role in mediating a number of pathophysiological processes, including osteoporosis. Exosomes may act as a mediator in cell-to-cell communication and offer a fresh perspective on information sharing. This review discusses the characteristics of exosomes and outlines the exosomes' underlying mechanism that contributes to the onset of osteoporosis. Recent years have seen a rise in interest in the role of exosomes in osteoporosis, which has given rise to innovative therapeutic approaches for the disease prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxi He
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanxia Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Hao H, Liu Q, Zheng T, Li J, Zhang T, Yao Y, Liu Y, Lin K, Liu T, Gong P, Zhang Z, Yi H. Oral Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Inhibit Osteoclastogenesis and Ameliorate Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Mice by Improving Gut Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4726-4736. [PMID: 38294408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Milk-derived extracellular vesicles can improve intestinal health and have antiosteoporosis potential. In this paper, we explored the effects of bovine raw milk-derived extracellular vesicles (mEVs) on ovariectomized (OVX) osteoporotic mice from the perspective of the gut-bone axis. mEVs could inhibit osteoclast differentiation and improve microarchitecture. The level of osteoporotic biomarkers in OVX mice was restored after the mEVs intervened. Compared with OVX mice, mEVs could enhance intestinal permeability, reduce endotoxin levels, and improve the expression of TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-10. 16S rDNA sequencing indicated that mEVs altered the composition of gut microbiota, specifically for Bacteroides associated with short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). In-depth analysis of SCFAs demonstrated that mEVs could restore acetic acid, propionic acid, valeric acid, and isovaleric acid levels in OVX mice. Correlation analysis revealed that changed gut microbiota and SCFAs were significantly associated with gut inflammation and osteoporotic biomarkers. This study demonstrated that mEVs could inhibit osteoclast differentiation and improve osteoporosis by reshaping the gut microbiota, increasing SCFAs, and decreasing the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and osteoclast differentiation-related factors in OVX mice. These findings provide evidence for the use of mEVs as a food supplement for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010000, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, Henan China
| | - Qiqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, Henan China
| | - Ting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, Henan China
| | - Jiankun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, Henan China
| | - Tai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, Henan China
| | - Yukun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, Henan China
| | - Yisuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, Henan China
| | - Kai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010000, China
| | - Tongjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010000, China
| | - Pimin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010000, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010000, China
| | - Huaxi Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010000, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, Henan China
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8
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Silva FRF, Heredia JE, Duffles LF, Arntz OJ, Teixeira MM, Ferreira AVM, Silva TA, van de Loo FAJ, Macari S, Oliveira MC. Protective Effect of Bovine Milk Extracellular Vesicles on Alveolar Bone Loss. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300445. [PMID: 38087782 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Bovine milk extracellular vesicles (MEVs) have demonstrated therapeutic potential in regulating bone cell activity. However, the outcome of their use on alveolar bone loss has not yet been demonstrated. METHODS AND RESULTS This study evaluates the effect of oral administration of MEVs on ovariectomized (OVX) mice. There is a reduced height of the alveolar bone crest in OVX mice by MEVs treatment, but the alveolar bone parameters are not altered. OVX mice are then submitted to a force-induced bone remodeling model by orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). MEVs-treated mice have markedly less bone remodeling movement, unlike the untreated OVX mice. Also, OVX mice treated with MEVs show an increased number of osteoblasts and osteocytes associated with higher sclerostin expression and reduce osteoclasts in the alveolar bone. Although the treatment with MEVs in OVX mice does not show differences in root structure in OTM, few odontoclasts are observed in the dental roots of OVX-treated mice. Compared to untreated mice, maxillary and systemic RANKL/OPG ratios are reduced in OVX mice treated with MEVs. CONCLUSION Treatment with MEVs results in positive bone cell balance in the alveolar bone and dental roots, indicating its beneficial potential in treating alveolar bone loss in the nutritional context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine R F Silva
- Immunometabolism, Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Joyce E Heredia
- Immunometabolism, Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Letícia F Duffles
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Onno J Arntz
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adaliene V M Ferreira
- Immunometabolism, Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tarcilia A Silva
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fons A J van de Loo
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Soraia Macari
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marina C Oliveira
- Immunometabolism, Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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9
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Fang F, Yang J, Wang J, Li T, Wang E, Zhang D, Liu X, Zhou C. The role and applications of extracellular vesicles in osteoporosis. Bone Res 2024; 12:4. [PMID: 38263267 PMCID: PMC10806231 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a widely observed condition characterized by the systemic deterioration of bone mass and microarchitecture, which increases patient susceptibility to fragile fractures. The intricate mechanisms governing bone homeostasis are substantially impacted by extracellular vesicles (EVs), which play crucial roles in both pathological and physiological contexts. EVs derived from various sources exert distinct effects on osteoporosis. Specifically, EVs released by osteoblasts, endothelial cells, myocytes, and mesenchymal stem cells contribute to bone formation due to their unique cargo of proteins, miRNAs, and cytokines. Conversely, EVs secreted by osteoclasts and immune cells promote bone resorption and inhibit bone formation. Furthermore, the use of EVs as therapeutic modalities or biomaterials for diagnosing and managing osteoporosis is promising. Here, we review the current understanding of the impact of EVs on bone homeostasis, including the classification and biogenesis of EVs and the intricate regulatory mechanisms of EVs in osteoporosis. Furthermore, we present an overview of the latest research progress on diagnosing and treating osteoporosis by using EVs. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects of translational research on the use of EVs in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiahe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Erxiang Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Demao Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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10
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Mun D, Kang M, Shin M, Choi HJ, Kang AN, Ryu S, Unno T, Maburutse BE, Oh S, Kim Y. Alleviation of DSS-induced colitis via bovine colostrum-derived extracellular vesicles with microRNA let-7a-5p is mediated by regulating Akkermansia and β-hydroxybutyrate in gut environments. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0012123. [PMID: 37966243 PMCID: PMC10714758 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00121-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Even though studying on the possible involvement of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in host-microbe interactions, how these relationships mediate host physiology has not clarified yet. Our current findings provide insights into the encouraging benefits of dietary source-derived EVs and microRNAs (miRNAs) on organic acid production and ultimately stimulating gut microbiome for human health, suggesting that supplementation of dietary colostrum EVs and miRNAs is a novel preventive strategy for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daye Mun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minkyoung Kang
- Department of Functional Food and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Minhye Shin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - An Na Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangdon Ryu
- Division of Evironmental Meterials, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources, Mokpo, South Korea
| | - Tatsuya Unno
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Brighton E. Maburutse
- Department of Animal Production Sciences, Marondera University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Marondera, Zimbabwe
| | - Sangnam Oh
- Department of Functional Food and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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11
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Bae WY, Jung WH, Lee YJ, Shin SL, An YK, Kim TR, Sohn M. Heat-treated Pediococcus acidilactici LM1013-mediated inhibition of biofilm formation by Cutibacterium acnes and its application in acne vulgaris: A single-arm clinical trial. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:3125-3134. [PMID: 37177837 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease accompanied by chronic inflammation in the pilosebaceous follicles, resulting from excessive Cutibacterium acnes. This study aimed to investigate the inhibition of biofilm formation by C. acnes ATCC 6919 using heat-treated Pediococcus acidilactici LM1013 (HT-LM1013), previously isolated from the Korean traditional fermented alcoholic beverage-makgeolli, and its application as a leave-on-type product for patients with acne vulgaris. METHODS HT-LM1013 was prepared by Lactomason and homogenized using a high-pressure homogenizer. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and lipase activity were evaluated for C. acnes inhibition. Inhibition of biofilm formation was demonstrated using a crystal violet solution. Damaged C. acnes was observed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Clinical trials were performed using a leave-on-type product containing HT-LM1013. RESULTS HT-LM1013 inhibited the TCA cycle (36.80%) and lipase activity using palmitate (31.89%), stearate (36.91%), and oleate (30.86%) as substrates at 1 × MIC (p < 0.01). After treatment with HT-LM1013, concave and elongated shapes of C. acnes were observed by FE-SEM. In addition, HT-LM1013 inhibited biofilm formation by 71.75% at 1 × MIC (p < 0.001) and removed 73.35% of mature biofilms (p < 0.01). In the clinical trial, the leave-on-type product decreased the number of closed comedones from 14.04 to 10.22, open comedones from 7.22 to 4.39%, and sebum content to 76.23% at week 4 (p < 0.01). The satisfaction score of the participants was recorded 3.83 on a five-point scale. CONCLUSION HT-LM1013 is potent for the treatment of acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - So Lim Shin
- Microbiome R&D Center, Lactomason, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu-Kyung An
- Microbiome R&D Center, Lactomason, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Minn Sohn
- Microbiome R&D Center, Lactomason, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Kim NH, Kim J, Lee JY, Bae HA, Kim CY. Application of Milk Exosomes for Musculoskeletal Health: Talking Points in Recent Outcomes. Nutrients 2023; 15:4645. [PMID: 37960298 PMCID: PMC10647311 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk is a nutrient-rich food source, and among the various milks, breast milk is a nutrient source provided by mothers to newborns in many mammals. Exosomes are nano-sized membranous extracellular vesicles that play important roles in cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes originate from endogenous synthesis and dietary sources such as milk. Discovered through electron microscopy as floating vesicles, the existence of exosomes in human milk was confirmed owing to a density between 1.10 and 1.18 g/mL in a sucrose gradient corresponding to the known density of exosomes and detection of MHC classes I and II, CD63, CD81, and CD86 on the vesicles. To date, milk exosomes have been used for treating many diseases, including cancers, and are widely proposed as promising carriers for the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. However, few studies on milk exosomes focus on geriatric health, especially sarcopenia and osteoporosis related to bone and muscle. Therefore, the present study focused on milk exosomes and their cargoes, which are potential candidates for dietary supplements, and when combined with drugs, they can be effective in treating musculoskeletal diseases. In this review, we introduce the basic concepts, including the definition, various sources, and cargoes of milk exosomes, and exosome isolation and characterization methods. Additionally, we review recent literature on the musculoskeletal system and milk exosomes. Since inflammation and oxidative stress underly musculoskeletal disorders, studies reporting the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of milk exosomes are also summarized. Finally, the therapeutic potential of milk exosomes in targeting muscle and bone health is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Hyung Kim
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea; (N.-H.K.); (J.K.); (J.-Y.L.); (H.-A.B.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhae Kim
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea; (N.-H.K.); (J.K.); (J.-Y.L.); (H.-A.B.)
| | - Joo-Yeon Lee
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea; (N.-H.K.); (J.K.); (J.-Y.L.); (H.-A.B.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-A Bae
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea; (N.-H.K.); (J.K.); (J.-Y.L.); (H.-A.B.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon Young Kim
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea; (N.-H.K.); (J.K.); (J.-Y.L.); (H.-A.B.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
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13
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Zhang Y, Lin Y, He J, Song S, Luo Y, Lu Y, Chen S, Wang Q, Li Y, Ren F, Guo H. Milk-derived small extracellular vesicles: a new perspective on dairy nutrition. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-22. [PMID: 37819268 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2263573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Milk contains bioactive compounds that have multiple essential benefits. Milk-derived small extracellular vesicles (M-sEVs) have emerged as novel bioactive milk components with various beneficial biological functions and broad applications. The M-sEVs from different mammalian sources have similar composition and bioactive functions. The digestive stability and biocompatibility of the M-sEVs provide a good foundation for their physiological functions. Evidence suggests that M-sEVs promote intestinal, immune, bone, neural, liver, and heart health and show therapeutic effects against cancer, indicating their potential for use in functional foods. In addition, M-sEVs can be developed as natural delivery carriers owing to their superior structural characteristics. Further studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between the specific components and functions of M-sEVs, standardize their extraction processes, and refine relevant clinical trials to advance the future applications of M-sEVs. This review summarizes the structure and composition of M-sEVs isolated from different milk sources and discusses several common extraction methods. Since the introduction of M-sEVs for digestion and absorption, studies have been conducted on their biological functions. Furthermore, we outline the theoretical industrial production route, potential application scenarios of M-sEVs, and the future perspectives of M-sEV research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yingying Lin
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Jian He
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Sijia Song
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe, PR China
| | - Yujia Luo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | | | - Qingyu Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Huiyuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
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14
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Chen P, Qu F, He L, Li M, Sun P, Fan Q, Zhang C, Li D. Quasi-dendritic sulfonate-based organic small molecule for high-quality NIR-II bone-targeted imaging. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:230. [PMID: 37468990 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01999-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The visualization of bone imaging in vivo is of great significance for the understanding of some bone-related diseases or physiological processes. Herein, a bone-targeted NIR-II small molecule (TTQF-SO3), which was modified with multiple sulfonate groups, was successfully fabricated for the second near-infrared (NIR-II) bone imaging. In vitro studies revealed that TTQF-SO3 showed high affinity for hydroxyapatite and excellent macrophage accumulation ability. In in vivo assays, TTQF-SO3 displayed high bone uptake ability and high NIR-II bone imaging quality, demonstrating the specific bone-targeting ability of the sulfonate-containing probe. In addition, the noninvasive NIR-II imaging detection in bone calcium loss was successfully verified in osteoporosis mice models. Moreover, the negative charge characteristic of TTQF-SO3 showed efficient lymphoid enrichment in living mice by intravenous injection. Overall, these warrant that our TTQF-SO3 is an optimal bone-targeted diagnostic agent for high-quality NIR-II imaging, highlighting its potential promise for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Fan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Liuliang He
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Mingfei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Pengfei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Quli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Daifeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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15
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Zhong Y, Wang X, Zhao X, Shen J, Wu X, Gao P, Yang P, Chen J, An W. Multifunctional Milk-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles and Their Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051418. [PMID: 37242660 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have been regarded as the next generation of novel delivery systems after lipid nanoparticles because of their advantages and huge prospects in drug delivery. Studies have shown that sEVs are abundant in milk and therefore can be a large and economical source of sEVs. Natural milk-derived small extracellular vesicles (msEVs) have important functions such as immune regulation, anti-bacterial infection, anti-oxidative, etc., and play a beneficial role in human health at multiple levels, including intestinal health, bone/muscle metabolism, and microbiota regulation. In addition, because they can pass the gastrointestinal barrier and have low immunogenicity, good biocompatibility, and stability, msEVs are considered a crucial oral drug delivery vehicle. Moreover, msEVs can be further engineered for targeted delivery to prolong the circulation time or enhance local drug concentrations. However, msEVs separation and purification, complex contents, and quality control hinder their application in drug delivery. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the biogenesis and characteristics, isolation and purification, composition, loading methods, and function of msEVs, based on which their applications in biomedical fields are further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxiu Zhong
- Wenlin An's Laboratory, National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Sinopharm Group, No. 38 Jing Hai Second Road, Beijing 101111, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Wenlin An's Laboratory, National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Sinopharm Group, No. 38 Jing Hai Second Road, Beijing 101111, China
| | - Xian Zhao
- Wenlin An's Laboratory, National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Sinopharm Group, No. 38 Jing Hai Second Road, Beijing 101111, China
| | - Jiuheng Shen
- Wenlin An's Laboratory, National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Sinopharm Group, No. 38 Jing Hai Second Road, Beijing 101111, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Wenlin An's Laboratory, National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Sinopharm Group, No. 38 Jing Hai Second Road, Beijing 101111, China
| | - Peifen Gao
- Wenlin An's Laboratory, National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Sinopharm Group, No. 38 Jing Hai Second Road, Beijing 101111, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Wenlin An's Laboratory, National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Sinopharm Group, No. 38 Jing Hai Second Road, Beijing 101111, China
| | - Junge Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine & Shenzhen Institute of Beihang University, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenlin An
- Wenlin An's Laboratory, National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Sinopharm Group, No. 38 Jing Hai Second Road, Beijing 101111, China
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16
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Ng GSN, Lee LYK, Chu ECP. Undiagnosed Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures in an Octogenarian During the Coronavirus Disease Pandemic. Cureus 2023; 15:e38585. [PMID: 37153836 PMCID: PMC10162351 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporotic vertebral fractures are frequently misdiagnosed or under-recognized in the older population, leading to disease progression and reduced quality of life. This case of an 87-year-old woman with acute back pain highlights the importance of early diagnosis and management of fragility fractures. During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, patients with a history of well-managed osteoporosis experienced worsening symptoms of vertebral collapse due to activity limitations and prolonged immobilization. The initial diagnosis of spinal stenosis delayed appropriate treatment for four months. Serial magnetic resonance imaging revealed compression fractures at L1 and L3, and a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan showed osteoporosis with a T-score of -3.2. Pharmacological therapy, including bisphosphonates, was initiated. A comprehensive rehabilitation program with a multidisciplinary approach, with bracing, and lifestyle changes helped stabilize the spine, reduce pain, and maximized function. Her condition improved with close monitoring and guidance during home exercises. This case exemplifies the necessity of a precise and timely diagnosis of osteoporotic vertebral fractures to initiate management and mitigate disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Siu Nam Ng
- Chiropractic and Physiotherapy Center, New York Medical Group, Hong Kong, CHN
| | - Linda Yin-King Lee
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Kowloon, HKG
| | - Eric Chun-Pu Chu
- Chiropractic and Physiotherapy Center, New York Medical Group, Hong Kong, CHN
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17
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Fratantonio D, Munir J, Shu J, Howard K, Baier SR, Cui J, Zempleni J. The RNA cargo in small extracellular vesicles from chicken eggs is bioactive in C57BL/6 J mice and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells ex vivo. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1162679. [PMID: 37305095 PMCID: PMC10249500 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1162679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and their RNA cargo in milk are bioavailable in humans, pigs, and mice, and their dietary depletion and supplementation elicits phenotypes. Little is known about the content and biological activity of sEVs in foods of animal origin other than milk. Here we tested the hypothesis that sEVs in chicken eggs (Gallus gallus) facilitate the transfer of RNA cargo from an avian species to humans and mice, and their dietary depletion elicits phenotypes. sEVs were purified from raw egg yolk by ultracentrifugation and authenticated by transmission electron microscopy, nano-tracking device, and immunoblots. The miRNA profile was assessed by RNA-sequencing. Bioavailability of these miRNAs in humans was assessed by egg feeding study in adults, and by culturing human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with fluorophore-labeled egg sEVs ex vivo. To further assess bioavailability, fluorophore-labeled miRNAs, encapsulated in egg sEVs, were administered to C57BL/6 J mice by oral gavage. Phenotypes of sEV RNA cargo depletion were assessed by feeding egg sEV and RNA-defined diets to mice and using spatial learning and memory in the Barnes and water mazes as experimental readouts. Egg yolk contained 6.30 × 1010 ± 6.06 × 109 sEVs/mL, which harbored eighty-three distinct miRNAs. Human PBMCs internalized sEVs and their RNA cargo. Egg sEVs, loaded with fluorophore-labeled RNA and administered orally to mice, accumulated primarily in brain, intestine and lungs. Spatial learning and memory (SLM) was compromised in mice fed on egg sEV- and RNA-depleted diet compared to controls. Egg consumption elicited an increase of miRNAs in human plasma. We conclude that egg sEVs and their RNA cargo probably are bioavailable. The human study is registered as a clinical trial and accessible at https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN77867213.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Fratantonio
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Javaria Munir
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Jiang Shu
- School of Computing, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Katherine Howard
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Scott R. Baier
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Juan Cui
- School of Computing, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Janos Zempleni
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
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18
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Jia M, Luo J, Gao B, Huangfu Y, Bao Y, Li D, Jiang S. Preparation of synbiotic milk powder and its effect on calcium absorption and the bone microstructure in calcium deficient mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:3092-3106. [PMID: 36919678 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo04092a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Calcium deficiency can lead to osteoporosis. Adequate calcium intake can improve calcium deficiency and prevent osteoporosis. Milk powder is the best source of dietary calcium supplements. Probiotics and prebiotics are considered to be beneficial substances for promoting calcium absorption. In this study, synbiotic milk powder (SMP) was prepared by combining the three, and its calcium supplementation effect and osteogenic activity were evaluated in calcium deficient mice. Through prebiotic screening experiments in vitro, after adding 1.2% iso-malto-oligosaccharide, the number of viable bacteria and the calcium enrichment of Lactobacillus plantarum JJBYG12 increased by 8.15% and 94.53% compared with those of the control group. Long-term calcium deficiency led to a significant reduction in calcium absorption and bone calcium content in mice, accompanied by structural deterioration of bone trabeculae. SMP significantly improved apparent calcium absorption, increased serum calcium and phosphorus levels, and decreased ALP activity and CTX-1 levels. In the meantime, the bone mineral density increased significantly, and the number of bone trabeculae and the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts also increased. SMP has good dietary calcium supplementation capacity and bone remodeling ability without significant side effects on major organs. These findings provide insights into using SMP as a dietary calcium source to improve bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Jia
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, #26Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| | - Jiayuan Luo
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, #26Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| | - Bo Gao
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, #26Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| | - Yunpeng Huangfu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, #26Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| | - Yihong Bao
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, #26Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, PR China. .,Key Laboratory of Forest Food Resources Utilization of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Dehai Li
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, #26Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, PR China. .,Key Laboratory of Forest Food Resources Utilization of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Shilong Jiang
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Company Limited, Beijing 100015, PR China
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19
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Shen L, Ma J, Yang Y, Liao T, Wang J, Chen L, Zhang S, Zhao Y, Niu L, Hao X, Jiang A, Li X, Gan M, Zhu L. Cooked pork-derived exosome nanovesicles mediate metabolic disorder-microRNA could be the culprit. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:83. [PMID: 36894941 PMCID: PMC9999493 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01837-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, exosomes from cooked meat were extracted by ultra-high-speed centrifugation. Approximately 80% of exosome vesicles were within 20-200 nm. In addition, the surface biomarkers of isolated exosomes were evaluated using flow cytometry. Further studies showed the exosomal microRNA profiles were different among cooked porcine muscle, fat and liver. Cooked pork-derived exosomes were chronically administered to ICR mice by drinking for 80 days. The mice plasma levels of miR-1, miR-133a-3p, miR-206 and miR-99a were increased to varying degrees after drinking exosome enriched water. Furthermore, GTT and ITT results confirmed an abnormal glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in mice. Moreover, the lipid droplets were significantly increased in the mice liver. A transcriptome analysis performed with mice liver samples identified 446 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional enrichment analysis found that DEGs were enriched in metabolic pathways. Overall, the results suggest that microRNAs derived form cooked pork may function as a critical regulator of metabolic disorder in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyuan Shen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jianfeng Ma
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yiting Yang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Tianci Liao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shunhua Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoxia Hao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Anan Jiang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Mailin Gan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China. .,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Li Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China. .,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Santoro J, Mukhopadhya A, Oliver C, Brodkorb A, Giblin L, O'Driscoll L. An investigation of extracellular vesicles in bovine colostrum, first milk and milk over the lactation curve. Food Chem 2023; 401:134029. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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21
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Qian X, Xie F, Cui D. Exploring Purification Methods of Exosomes from Different Biological Samples. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:2336536. [PMID: 37124929 PMCID: PMC10132896 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2336536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective Exosomes were extracted from a variety of biological samples using several different purification processes, and our goal was to determine which method and sample were the most effective for exosome extraction. Methods We used ExoQuick-TC combined with ultrafiltration to separate and purify exosomes from the supernatant of gastric cancer cells, while we used the ExoQuick kit and ultracentrifugation to purify exosomes from human serum samples. Furthermore, exosomes were isolated and purified from human urine samples by diafiltration and from postparturition human breast milk samples by the filtration-polyethylene glycol precipitation method. The isolated exosomes were morphologically analyzed using a transmission electron microscope, the particle size was measured by NanoSight, and the protein content was analyzed by western blotting. Results The isolated exosomes showed an obvious cup holder shape, with a clear outline and typical exosome morphological characteristics. The sizes of exosomes derived from gastric cancer cell supernatant, serum, urine, and milk were 65.8 ± 26.9 nm, 87.6 ± 50.9 nm, 197.5 ± 55.2 nm, and 184.1 ± 68.7 nm, respectively. Western blot results showed that CD9 and TSG101 on the exosomes were expressed to varying degrees based on the exosome source. Exosome abundance was higher in the serum, urine, and breast milk than in the supernatant. It is suggested that its exosomes can be extracted to obtain an excellent potential biological source of exosomes. Conclusion In this study, the extraction and separation methods of foreign bodies from different biological samples were obtained, and it was found that human breast milk was a potential excellent material for administration because of its high abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Qian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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22
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de Oliveira MC, Heredia JE, da Silva FRF, Macari S. Extracellular Vesicles in Bone Remodeling and Osteoporosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1418:155-168. [PMID: 37603279 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1443-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic disorder characterized by bone mass loss, leading to fractures due to weak and brittle bones. The bone tissue deterioration process is related to an impairment of bone remodeling orchestrated mainly by resident bone cells, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, and their progenitors. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles emerging as regulatory molecules and potential biomarkers for bone loss. Although the progress in studies relating to EVs and bone loss has increased in the last years, research on bone cells, animal models, and mainly patients is still limited. Here, we aim to review the recent advances in this field, summarizing the effect of EV components such as proteins and miRNAs in regulating bone remodeling and, consequently, osteoporosis progress and treatment. Also, we discuss the potential application of EVs in clinical practice as a biomarker and bone loss therapy, demonstrating that this rising field still needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Chaves de Oliveira
- Immunometabolism, Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Joyce Elisa Heredia
- Immunometabolism, Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Soraia Macari
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Huang G, Zhao Q, Li W, Jiao J, Zhao X, Feng D, Tang W. Exosomes: A new option for osteoporosis treatment. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32402. [PMID: 36595975 PMCID: PMC9803424 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass and destruction of bone microarchitecture, leading to increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. However, the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of this disease remain unclear. Extracellular vesicles, structures originating from the plasma membrane and ranging from 30 nm to 5 µm in diameter, play an important role in intercellular communication in the bone microenvironment. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that deliver cargo molecules, including endogenous proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. These cargo molecules are encapsulated in a lipid bilayer and internalized by target cells through receptor-ligand interactions or lipid membrane fusion. With the advancement of exosome research, exosome therapy for osteoporosis is fast becoming a research hotspot for researchers. This review aims to discuss the role of exosomes in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. In addition, emerging diagnostic and therapeutic properties of exosomes are described to highlight the potential role of exosomes in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijiang Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, China
| | - Qianhao Zhao
- Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming City, China
| | - Wenhu Li
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, China
| | | | - Xin Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, China
| | - Dan Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, China
| | - Wei Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Tang, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China (e-mail: )
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Mecocci S, De Paolis L, Zoccola R, Fruscione F, De Ciucis CG, Chiaradia E, Moccia V, Tognoloni A, Pascucci L, Zoppi S, Zappulli V, Chillemi G, Goria M, Cappelli K, Razzuoli E. Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Potential of Cow Colostrum Extracellular Vesicles (ColosEVs) in an Intestinal In Vitro Model. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123264. [PMID: 36552020 PMCID: PMC9775086 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized double-lipid-membrane-bound structures, acting mainly as signalling mediators between distant cells and, in particular, modulating the immune response and inflammation of targeted cells. Milk and colostrum contain high amounts of EVs that could be exploited as alternative natural systems in antimicrobial fighting. The aim of this study is to evaluate cow colostrum-derived EVs (colosEVs) for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating effects in vitro to assess their suitability as natural antimicrobial agents as a strategy to cope with the drug resistance problem. ColosEVs were evaluated on a model of neonatal calf diarrhoea caused by Escherichia coli infection, a livestock disease where antibiotic therapy often has poor results. Colostrum from Piedmontese cows was collected within 24 h of calving and colosEVs were immediately isolated. IPEC-J2 cell line was pre-treated with colosEVs for 48 h and then infected with EPEC/NTEC field strains for 2 h. Bacterial adherence and IPEC-J2 gene expression analysis (RT-qPCR) of CXCL8, DEFB1, DEFB4A, TLR4, TLR5, NFKB1, MYD88, CGAS, RIGI and STING were evaluated. The colosEVs pre-treatment significantly reduced the ability of EPEC/NTEC strains to adhere to cell surfaces (p = 0.006), suggesting a role of ColosEVs in modulating host−pathogen interactions. Moreover, our results showed a significant decrease in TLR5 (p < 0.05), CGAS (p < 0.05) and STING (p < 0.01) gene expression in cells that were pre-treated with ColosEVs and then infected, thus highlighting a potential antimicrobial activity of ColosEVs. This is the first preliminarily study investigating ColosEV immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects on an in vitro model of neonatal calf diarrhoea, showing its potential as a therapeutic and prophylactic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Mecocci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Livia De Paolis
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39-24, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Zoccola
- S.C. Biotecnologie Applicate alle Produzioni, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Floriana Fruscione
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39-24, 16129 Genova, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (K.C.); Tel.: +39-010-542274 (F.F.); +39-075-5857722 (K.C.)
| | - Chiara Grazia De Ciucis
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39-24, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Moccia
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alessia Tognoloni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luisa Pascucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Simona Zoppi
- S.C. Diagnostica Generale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Zappulli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Chillemi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maria Goria
- S.C. Biotecnologie Applicate alle Produzioni, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Katia Cappelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (K.C.); Tel.: +39-010-542274 (F.F.); +39-075-5857722 (K.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Razzuoli
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39-24, 16129 Genova, Italy
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Mecocci S, Trabalza-Marinucci M, Cappelli K. Extracellular Vesicles from Animal Milk: Great Potentialities and Critical Issues. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233231. [PMID: 36496752 PMCID: PMC9740508 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Other than representing the main source of nutrition for newborn mammals, milk delivers a sophisticated signaling system from mother to child that promotes postnatal health. The bioactive components transferred through the milk intake are important for the development of the newborn immune system and include oligosaccharides, lactoferrin, lysozyme, α-La, and immunoglobulins. In the last 15 years, a pivotal role in this mother-to-child exchange has been attributed to extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are micro- and nanosized structures enclosed in a phospholipidic double-layer membrane that are produced by all cell types and released in the extracellular environment, reaching both close and distant cells. EVs mediate the intercellular cross-talk from the producing to the receiving cell through the transfer of molecules contained within them such as proteins, antigens, lipids, metabolites, RNAs, and DNA fragments. The complex cargo can induce a wide range of functional modulations in the recipient cell (i.e., anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, angiogenetic, and pro-regenerative modulations) depending on the type of producing cells and the stimuli that these cells receive. EVs can be recovered from every biological fluid, including blood, urine, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, saliva, bile, and milk, which is one of the most promising scalable vesicle sources. This review aimed to present the state-of-the-art of animal-milk-derived EV (mEV) studies due to the exponential growth of this field. A focus on the beneficial potentialities for human health and the issues of studying vesicles from milk, particularly for the analytical methodologies applied, is reported.
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Extracellular Vesicles in Veterinary Medicine. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192716. [PMID: 36230457 PMCID: PMC9559303 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane-bound vesicles involved in many physiological and pathological processes not only in humans but also in all the organisms of the eukaryotic and prokaryotic kingdoms. EV shedding constitutes a fundamental universal mechanism of intra-kingdom and inter-kingdom intercellular communication. A tremendous increase of interest in EVs has therefore grown in the last decades, mainly in humans, but progressively also in animals, parasites, and bacteria. With the present review, we aim to summarize the current status of the EV research on domestic and wild animals, analyzing the content of scientific literature, including approximately 220 papers published between 1984 and 2021. Critical aspects evidenced through the veterinarian EV literature are discussed. Then, specific subsections describe details regarding EVs in physiology and pathophysiology, as biomarkers, and in therapy and vaccines. Further, the wide area of research related to animal milk-derived EVs is also presented in brief. The numerous studies on EVs related to parasites and parasitic diseases are excluded, deserving further specific attention. The literature shows that EVs are becoming increasingly addressed in veterinary studies and standardization in protocols and procedures is mandatory, as in human research, to maximize the knowledge and the possibility to exploit these naturally produced nanoparticles.
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27
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Melnik BC, Schmitz G. Milk Exosomal microRNAs: Postnatal Promoters of β Cell Proliferation but Potential Inducers of β Cell De-Differentiation in Adult Life. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911503. [PMID: 36232796 PMCID: PMC9569743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cell expansion and functional maturation during the birth-to-weaning period is driven by epigenetic programs primarily triggered by growth factors, hormones, and nutrients provided by human milk. As shown recently, exosomes derived from various origins interact with β cells. This review elucidates the potential role of milk-derived exosomes (MEX) and their microRNAs (miRs) on pancreatic β cell programming during the postnatal period of lactation as well as during continuous cow milk exposure of adult humans to bovine MEX. Mechanistic evidence suggests that MEX miRs stimulate mTORC1/c-MYC-dependent postnatal β cell proliferation and glycolysis, but attenuate β cell differentiation, mitochondrial function, and insulin synthesis and secretion. MEX miR content is negatively affected by maternal obesity, gestational diabetes, psychological stress, caesarean delivery, and is completely absent in infant formula. Weaning-related disappearance of MEX miRs may be the critical event switching β cells from proliferation to TGF-β/AMPK-mediated cell differentiation, whereas continued exposure of adult humans to bovine MEX miRs via intake of pasteurized cow milk may reverse β cell differentiation, promoting β cell de-differentiation. Whereas MEX miR signaling supports postnatal β cell proliferation (diabetes prevention), persistent bovine MEX exposure after the lactation period may de-differentiate β cells back to the postnatal phenotype (diabetes induction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C. Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-52-4198-8060
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Diagnostic and Therapeutic Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Aging-Related Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6742792. [PMID: 35979398 PMCID: PMC9377967 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6742792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aging shows a decline in overall physical function, and cellular senescence is the powerful catalyst leading to aging. Considering that aging will be accompanied with the emergence of various aging-related diseases, research on new antiaging drugs is still valuable. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as tools for intercellular communication, are important components of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and they can play pathological roles in the process of cellular senescence. In addition, EVs are similar to their original cells in functions. Therefore, EVs derived from pathological tissues or body fluids may be closely related to the progression of diseases and become potential biomarkers, while those from healthy cells may have therapeutic effects. Moreover, EVs are satisfactory drug carriers. At present, numerous studies have supported the idea that engineered EVs could improve drug targeting ability and utilization efficiency. Here, we summarize the characteristics of EVs and cellular senescence and focus on the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of EVs in various aging-related diseases, including Alzheimer disease, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and its complications, and skin aging.
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29
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Kydonaki EK, Freitas L, Reguengo H, Simón CR, Bastos AR, Fernandes EM, Canadas RF, Oliveira JM, Correlo VM, Reis RL, Vliora M, Gkiata P, Koutedakis Y, Ntina G, Pinto R, Carrillo AE, Marques F, Amorim T. Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Agents versus Bovine Colostrum Supplementation for the Management of Bone Health Using an Osteoporosis-Induced Rat Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142837. [PMID: 35889794 PMCID: PMC9317446 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is defined by loss of bone mass and deteriorated bone microarchitecture. The present study compared the effects of available pharmacological and non-pharmacological agents for osteoporosis [alendronate (ALE) and concomitant supplementation of vitamin D (VD) and calcium (Ca)] with the effects of bovine colostrum (BC) supplementation in ovariectomized (OVX) and orchidectomized (ORX) rats. Seven-month-old rats were randomly allocated to: (1) placebo-control, (2) ALE group (7.5 μg/kg of body weight/day/5 times per week), (3) VD/Ca group (VD: 35 μg/kg of body weight/day/5 times per week; Ca: 13 mg/kg of body weight/day/3 times per week), and (4) BC supplementation (OVX: 1.5 g/day/5 times per week; ORX: 2 g/day/5 times per week). Following four months of supplementation, bone microarchitecture, strength and bone markers were evaluated. ALE group demonstrated significantly higher Ct.OV, Ct.BMC, Tb.Th, Tb.OV and Tb.BMC and significantly lower Ct.Pr, Tb.Pr, Tb.Sp, Ct.BMD and Tb.BMD, compared to placebo (p < 0.05). BC presented significantly higher Ct.Pr, Ct.BMD, Tb.Pr, Tb.Sp, and Tb.BMD and significantly lower Ct.OV, Ct.BMC, Tb.Th, Tb.OV and Tb.BMC compared to ALE in OVX rats (p < 0.05). OVX rats receiving BC experienced a significant increase in serum ALP and OC levels post-supplementation (p < 0.05). BC supplementation may induce positive effects on bone metabolism by stimulating bone formation, but appear not to be as effective as ALE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini K. Kydonaki
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (E.K.K.); (L.F.); (H.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Laura Freitas
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (E.K.K.); (L.F.); (H.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Henrique Reguengo
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (E.K.K.); (L.F.); (H.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Carlos Raposo Simón
- Centro de Estudios Superiores de la Industria Farmacéutica (CESIF, SA), 28010 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana R. Bastos
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (A.R.B.); (E.M.F.); (R.F.C.); (J.M.O.); (V.M.C.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga, Portugal
| | - Emanuel M. Fernandes
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (A.R.B.); (E.M.F.); (R.F.C.); (J.M.O.); (V.M.C.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga, Portugal
| | - Raphaël F. Canadas
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (A.R.B.); (E.M.F.); (R.F.C.); (J.M.O.); (V.M.C.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M. Oliveira
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (A.R.B.); (E.M.F.); (R.F.C.); (J.M.O.); (V.M.C.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga, Portugal
| | - Vitor M. Correlo
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (A.R.B.); (E.M.F.); (R.F.C.); (J.M.O.); (V.M.C.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (A.R.B.); (E.M.F.); (R.F.C.); (J.M.O.); (V.M.C.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Vliora
- School of Sports and Exercise Sciences, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (M.V.); (P.G.); (Y.K.)
| | - Paraskevi Gkiata
- School of Sports and Exercise Sciences, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (M.V.); (P.G.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yiannis Koutedakis
- School of Sports and Exercise Sciences, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (M.V.); (P.G.); (Y.K.)
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall WS1 3BD, UK
| | - Georgia Ntina
- BME, Biomechanical Solutions, 43150 Karditsa, Greece;
| | - Rui Pinto
- iMed.UL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
- JCS, Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Dr. Joaquim Chaves, Avenida General Norton de Matos, 1495-148 Algés, Portugal
| | - Andres E. Carrillo
- Department of Exercise Science, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA;
- Move-Cor Inc., Pittsburgh, PA 15017, USA
| | - Franklim Marques
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (E.K.K.); (L.F.); (H.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Tânia Amorim
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (E.K.K.); (L.F.); (H.R.); (F.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Extracellular Vesicles—Oral Therapeutics of the Future. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147554. [PMID: 35886902 PMCID: PMC9315796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Considered an artifact just after discovery, the possibility of oral delivery of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their functional cargos has recently gained much research attention. EVs from various sources, including edible plants, milk, bacteria and mammalian cells, have emerged as a platform for miRNA and drug delivery that seem to induce the expected immune effects locally and in distant tissues after oral administration. Such a possibility greatly expands the clinical applicability of EVs. The present review summarizes research findings that either support or deny the biological/therapeutical activity of orally administered EVs and their role in cross-species and cross-kingdom signaling.
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Lin Y, Lu Y, Huang Z, Wang Y, Song S, Luo Y, Ren F, Guo H. Milk-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Promote Recovery of Intestinal Damage by Accelerating Intestinal Stem Cell-Mediated Epithelial Regeneration. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100551. [PMID: 35253371 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Milk-derived small extracellular vesicles (M-sEVs) are critical bioactive components in milk. They are considered to be regulators in milk that may have promising applications. Understanding their biological effects would be important in nutrition. Intestinal organoids and mice are used to explore the effects of M-sEVs on intestinal regeneration. METHODS AND RESULTS M-sEVs could be absorbed by intestinal epithelia and upregulate expression of the microRNAs (miRNAs) expressed in milk: miR-148a, miR-22, miR-30, and miR-29a. Interestingly, M-sEVs promote proliferation of intestinal epithelia and repairs the epithelial damage that is caused by tumor necrosis factor-α in intestinal organoids. M-sEVs ameliorate intestinal mucosa damage in mice caused by treatment with dextran sulfate sodium, as well as increasing expression of the intestinal stem cells (ISC) markers leucine-rich repeat containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5), olfactomedin 4 (Olfm4), and Achaete-Scute Family BHLH Transcription Factor 2 (Ascl2) and stimulating intestinal epithelial proliferation to repair epithelial damage. Furthermore, miR-29 is more abundant in M-sEVs-treated mice, and miR-29 could upregulate expression of ISC marker genes and accelerates intestinal regeneration to recover damaged intestinal epithelia. CONCLUSIONS We reveal that M-sEVs and miR-29 can accelerate intestinal stem cell-mediated epithelial regeneration and repair epithelial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Lin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy,College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy,College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ziyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy,College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Sijia Song
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy,College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yujia Luo
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy,College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Huiyuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy,College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100089, China
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Zhou F, Ebea P, Mutai E, Wang H, Sukreet S, Navazesh S, Dogan H, Li W, Cui J, Ji P, Ramirez DMO, Zempleni J. Small Extracellular Vesicles in Milk Cross the Blood-Brain Barrier in Murine Cerebral Cortex Endothelial Cells and Promote Dendritic Complexity in the Hippocampus and Brain Function in C57BL/6J Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:838543. [PMID: 35600828 PMCID: PMC9121399 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.838543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk contains large amounts of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and their microRNA cargos, whereas infant formulas contain only trace amounts of sEVs and microRNAs. We assessed the transport of sEVs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and sEV accumulation in distinct regions of the brain in brain endothelial cells and suckling mice. We further assessed sEV-dependent gene expression profiles and effects on the dendritic complexity of hippocampal granule cells and phenotypes of EV depletion in neonate, juvenile and adult mice. The transfer of sEVs across the BBB was assessed by using fluorophore-labeled bovine sEVs in brain endothelial bEnd.3 monolayers and dual chamber systems, and in wild-type newborn pups fostered to sEV and cargo tracking (ECT) dams that express sEVs labeled with a CD63-eGFP fusion protein for subsequent analysis by serial two-photon tomography and staining with anti-eGFP antibodies. Effects of EVs on gene expression and dendritic architecture of granule cells was analyzed in hippocampi from juvenile mice fed sEV and RNA-depleted (ERD) and sEV and RNA-sufficient (ERS) diets by using RNA-sequencing analysis and Golgi-Cox staining followed by integrated neuronal tracing and morphological analysis of neuronal dendrites, respectively. Spatial learning and severity of kainic acid-induced seizures were assessed in mice fed ERD and ERS diets. bEnd.3 cells internalized sEVs by using a saturable transport mechanism and secreted miR-34a across the basal membrane. sEVs penetrated the entire brain in fostering experiments; major regions of accumulation included the hippocampus, cortex and cerebellum. Two hundred ninety-five genes were differentially expressed in hippocampi from mice fed ERD and ERS diets; high-confidence gene networks included pathways implicated in axon guidance and calcium signaling. Juvenile pups fed the ERD diet had reduced dendritic complexity of dentate granule cells in the hippocampus, scored nine-fold lower in the Barnes maze test of spatial learning and memory, and the severity of seizures was 5-fold higher following kainic acid administration in adult mice fed the ERD diet compared to mice fed the ERS diet. We conclude that sEVs cross the BBB and contribute toward optimal neuronal development, spatial learning and memory, and resistance to kainic acid-induced seizures in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Pearl Ebea
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Ezra Mutai
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Haichuan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Sonal Sukreet
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Shya Navazesh
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Haluk Dogan
- School of Computing, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Wenhao Li
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Juan Cui
- School of Computing, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Denise M. O. Ramirez
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Janos Zempleni
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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Abstract
Exosomes are natural nanoparticles that originate in the endocytic system. Exosomes play an important role in cell-to-cell communication by transferring RNAs, lipids, and proteins from donor cells to recipient cells or by binding to receptors on the recipient cell surface. The concentration of exosomes and the diversity of cargos are high in milk. Exosomes and their cargos resist degradation in the gastrointestinal tract and during processing of milk in dairy plants. They are absorbed and accumulate in tissues following oral administrations, cross the blood-brain barrier, and dietary depletion and supplementation elicit phenotypes. These features have sparked the interest of the nutrition and pharmacology communities for exploring milk exosomes as novel bioactive food compounds and for delivering drugs to diseased tissues. This review discusses the current knowledgebase, uncertainties, and controversies in these lines of scholarly endeavor and health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Ngu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Haichuan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Afsana Khanam
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Janos Zempleni
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
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34
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García-Martínez J, Pérez-Castillo ÍM, Salto R, López-Pedrosa JM, Rueda R, Girón MD. Beneficial Effects of Bovine Milk Exosomes in Metabolic Interorgan Cross-Talk. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071442. [PMID: 35406056 PMCID: PMC9003525 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are membrane-enclosed secreted vesicles involved in cell-to-cell communication processes, identified in virtually all body fluids. Among extracellular vesicles, exosomes have gained increasing attention in recent years as they have unique biological origins and deliver different cargos, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, which might mediate various health processes. In particular, milk-derived exosomes are proposed as bioactive compounds of breast milk, which have been reported to resist gastric digestion and reach systemic circulation, thus being bioavailable after oral intake. In the present manuscript, we critically discuss the available evidence on the health benefits attributed to milk exosomes, and we provide an outlook for the potential future uses of these compounds. The use of milk exosomes as bioactive ingredients represents a novel avenue to explore in the context of human nutrition, and they might exert important beneficial effects at multiple levels, including but not limited to intestinal health, bone and muscle metabolism, immunity, modulation of the microbiota, growth, and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge García-Martínez
- Abbott Nutrition R&D, Abbott Laboratories, 18004 Granada, Spain; (J.G.-M.); (Í.M.P.-C.); (J.M.L.-P.); (R.R.)
| | - Íñigo M. Pérez-Castillo
- Abbott Nutrition R&D, Abbott Laboratories, 18004 Granada, Spain; (J.G.-M.); (Í.M.P.-C.); (J.M.L.-P.); (R.R.)
| | - Rafael Salto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-246363
| | - José M. López-Pedrosa
- Abbott Nutrition R&D, Abbott Laboratories, 18004 Granada, Spain; (J.G.-M.); (Í.M.P.-C.); (J.M.L.-P.); (R.R.)
| | - Ricardo Rueda
- Abbott Nutrition R&D, Abbott Laboratories, 18004 Granada, Spain; (J.G.-M.); (Í.M.P.-C.); (J.M.L.-P.); (R.R.)
| | - María D. Girón
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain;
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35
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Mun D, Oh S, Kim Y. Perspectives on Bovine Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for
Therapeutic Applications in Gut Health. Food Sci Anim Resour 2022; 42:197-209. [PMID: 35310566 PMCID: PMC8907791 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2022.e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized vesicles secreted from cells into the
extracellular environment and are composed of a lipid bilayer that contains
cargos with biological activity, such as lipids, proteins, mRNAs, and noncoding
microRNAs (miRNAs). Due to their biological activity and their role in
cell-to-cell communication, interest in EVs is rapidly increasing. Bovine milk
is a food consumed by people of all ages around the world that contains not only
a significant amount of nutrients but also EVs. Milk-derived EVs also exhibit
biological activity similar to other source-derived EVs, and studies on bovine
milk EVs have been conducted in various research fields regarding sufficient
milk production. In particular, not only are the effects of milk EVs themselves
being studied, but the possibility of using them as drug carriers or biomarkers
is also being studied. In this review, the characteristics and cargo of milk EVs
are summarized, as well as their uptake and stability, efficacy and biological
effects as carriers, and future research directions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daye Mun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sangnam Oh
- Department of Functional Food and
Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069,
Korea
- Corresponding author : Sangnam
Oh, Department of Functional Food and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju
55069, Korea, Tel: +82-63-220-3109, Fax: +82-63-220-2054, E-mail:
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Corresponding author :
Younghoon Kim, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute
of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea,
Tel: +82-2-880-4808, Fax: +82-2-873-2271, E-mail:
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36
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Martins CPC, Cavalcanti RN, Rocha RS, Esmerino EA, Freitas MQ, Pimentel TC, Silva MC, Cruz AG. Microwave heating impacts positively on the physical properties of orange juice‐milk beverage. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina P C Martins
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) 23.890‐000 SeropédicaBrazil
| | - Rodrigo N Cavalcanti
- Departamento de Engenharia Química Escola Politécnica Universidade de São Paulo campus principal 05508‐080 São Paulo SPBrazil
| | - Ramon S Rocha
- Departamento de Alimentos Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ) 20270‐021 Rio de JaneiroBrazil
- Faculdade de Veterinária Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) 24230‐340 Niterói Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Erick A Esmerino
- Faculdade de Veterinária Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) 24230‐340 Niterói Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Mônica Q Freitas
- Faculdade de Veterinária Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) 24230‐340 Niterói Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | | | - Marcia C Silva
- Departamento de Alimentos Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ) 20270‐021 Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Adriano G Cruz
- Departamento de Alimentos Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ) 20270‐021 Rio de JaneiroBrazil
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37
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Monti P, Solazzo G, Ferrari L, Bollati V. Extracellular Vesicles: Footprints of environmental exposures in the aging process? Curr Environ Health Rep 2021; 8:309-322. [PMID: 34743313 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-021-00327-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized lipid particles that participate in intercellular signaling through the trafficking of bioactive molecules from parental cells to recipient ones. This well-orchestrated communication system is crucial for the organism to respond to external cues in a coordinated manner; indeed, environmental and lifestyle exposures can modify both EV number and content, with consequences on cellular metabolism and homeostasis. In particular, a growing body of evidence suggests that exposome-induced changes in EV profile could regulate the aging process, both at the cellular and organismal levels. Here, we provide an overview of the role played by ambient-induced EVs on aging and age-related diseases. Among the several environmental factors that can affect the communication network operated by EVs, we focused on air pollution, ultraviolet light, diet, and physical exercise. Moreover, we performed a miRNA target analysis, to support the role of EV-miRNA emerging from the literature in the context of aging. RECENT FINDINGS The overall emerging picture strongly supports a key regulatory role for EVs at the interface between external stimuli and cellular/organismal aging, thus providing novel insights into the molecular mechanisms linking a "healthy exposome" to well-being in old age. In addition, this knowledge will pave the way for research aimed at developing innovative antiaging strategies based on EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Monti
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Solazzo
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Ferrari
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy. .,Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
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38
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Milk Exosome-Derived MicroRNA-2478 Suppresses Melanogenesis through the Akt-GSK3β Pathway. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112848. [PMID: 34831071 PMCID: PMC8616206 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes participate in intercellular communication by transferring molecules from donor to recipient cells. Exosomes are found in various body fluids, including blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid and milk. Milk exosomes contain many endogenous microRNA molecules. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs and have important roles in biological processes. The specific biological functions of milk exosomes are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of milk exosomes on melanin production in melanoma cells and melanocytes. We found that milk exosomes decreased melanin contents, tyrosinase activity and the expression of melanogenesis-related genes in melanoma cells and melanocytes. Bovine-specific miR-2478 in exosomes inhibited melanin production. We found that Rap1a is a direct target gene of miR-2478 in melanoma cells and melanocytes. MiR-2478 overexpression decreased Rap1a expression, which led to downregulated melanin production and expression of melanogenesis-related genes. Inhibition of Rap1a expression decreased melanogenesis through the Akt-GSK3β signal pathway. These results support the role of miR-2478 derived from milk exosomes as a regulator of melanogenesis through direct targeting of Rap1a. These results show that milk exosomes could be useful cosmeceutical ingredients to improve whitening.
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Hu Y, Thaler J, Nieuwland R. Extracellular Vesicles in Human Milk. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1050. [PMID: 34681274 PMCID: PMC8539554 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk supports the growth and development of infants. An increasing number of mostly recent studies have demonstrated that milk contains a hitherto undescribed component called extracellular vesicles (EVs). This presents questions regarding why milk contains EVs and what their function is. Recently, we showed that EVs in human milk expose tissue factor, the protein that triggers coagulation or blood clotting, and that milk-derived EVs promote coagulation. Because bovine milk, which also contains EVs, completely lacks this coagulant activity, important differences are present in the biological functions of human milk-derived EVs between species. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge regarding the presence and biochemical composition of milk EVs, their function(s) and potential clinical applications such as in probiotics, and the unique problems that milk EVs encounter in vivo, including survival of the gastrointestinal conditions encountered in the newborn. The main focus of this review will be human milk-derived EVs, but when available, we will also include information regarding non-human milk for comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hu
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry and Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Thaler
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry and Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
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40
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Mahala S, Rai S, Singh A, Mehrotra A, Pandey HO, Kumar A. Perspectives of bovine and human milk exosomics as health biomarkers for advancing systemic therapeutic potential. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2021.1979033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan Mahala
- Animal Genetics Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Sweta Rai
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Gbpuat, Pantnagar US Nagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Akansha Singh
- Animal Genetics Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Arnav Mehrotra
- Animal Genetics Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Hari Om Pandey
- Scientist, Livestock Production and Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Animal Genetics Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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41
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Exosomes from Adipose Tissues Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Overexpressing MicroRNA-146a Alleviate Diabetic Osteoporosis in Rats. Cell Mol Bioeng 2021; 15:87-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s12195-021-00699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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42
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Bovine Colostrum Supplementation Improves Bone Metabolism in an Osteoporosis-Induced Animal Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13092981. [PMID: 34578859 PMCID: PMC8471956 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by bone loss. The present study aims to investigate the effects of bovine colostrum (BC) on bone metabolism using ovariectomized (OVX) and orchidectomized (ORX) rat models. Twenty-seven-week-old Wistar Han rats were randomly assigned as: (1) placebo control, (2) BC supplementation dose 1 (BC1: 0.5 g/day/OVX, 1 g/day/ORX), (3) BC supplementation dose 2 (BC2: 1 g/day/OVX, 1.5 g/day/ORX) and (4) BC supplementation dose 3 (BC3: 1.5 g/day/OVX, 2 g/day/ORX). Bone microarchitecture, strength, gene expression of VEGFA, FGF2, RANKL, RANK and OPG, and bone resorption/formation markers were assessed after four months of BC supplementation. Compared to the placebo, OVX rats in the BC1 group exhibited significantly higher cortical bone mineral content and trabecular bone mineral content (p < 0.01), while OVX rats in the BC3 group showed significantly higher trabecular bone mineral content (p < 0.05). ORX rats receiving BC dose 2 demonstrated significantly higher levels of trabecular bone mineral content (p < 0.05). Serum osteocalcin in the ORX was pointedly higher in all BC supplementation groups than the placebo (BC1: p < 0.05; BC2, BC3: p < 0.001). Higher doses of BC induced significantly higher relative mRNA expression of OPG, VEGFA, FGF2 and RANKL (p < 0.05). BC supplementation improves bone metabolism of OVX and ORX rats, which might be associated with the activation of the VEGFA, FGF2 and RANKL/RANK/OPG pathways.
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43
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Zhang X, Ji A, Wang Z, Lou H, Li J, Zheng L, Zhou Y, Qu C, Liu X, Chen H, Cheng Z. Azide-Dye Unexpected Bone Targeting for Near-Infrared Window II Osteoporosis Imaging. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11543-11553. [PMID: 34342432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Azide is an important chemical functional group and has been widely used in chemical biology. However, the impact of azide on the in vivo behaviors of compounds has been rarely studied. Herein, azide was introduced into a fluorescent dye for the near-infrared window two (NIR-II) bone imaging. Specifically, we designed and synthesized the small-molecule NIR-II dyes, N3-FEP-4T capped with azide and FEP-4T without azide capping. In vitro assays revealed that N3-FEP-4T showed 5- and 5.6- times higher hydroxyapatite accumulation and macrophage uptake than those of FEP-4T, respectively. Moreover, N3-FEP-4T displayed higher bone uptakes and much better bone NIR-II imaging quality, demonstrating the specific bone-targeting ability of the azide-containing probe. N3-FEP-4T was then further successfully used for osteoporosis NIR-II imaging. Overall, our study provides insights into the impact of azide on the in vivo behavior of azide-containing compounds and opens a new window for biological application of azide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Urumchi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China.,Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, 2800 Gongwei Road, Huinan Town, Pudong New District, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Aiyan Ji
- Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongyue Lou
- Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiafeng Li
- Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lingling Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Urumchi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China.,Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, 2800 Gongwei Road, Huinan Town, Pudong New District, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yujing Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Urumchi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China.,Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, 2800 Gongwei Road, Huinan Town, Pudong New District, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Chunrong Qu
- Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xingdang Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Urumchi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, 2800 Gongwei Road, Huinan Town, Pudong New District, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Urumchi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China.,Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, and Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5344, United States
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Ong SL, Blenkiron C, Haines S, Acevedo-Fani A, Leite JAS, Zempleni J, Anderson RC, McCann MJ. Ruminant Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Nutritional and Therapeutic Opportunity? Nutrients 2021; 13:2505. [PMID: 34444665 PMCID: PMC8398904 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk has been shown to contain a specific fraction of extracellular particles that are reported to resist digestion and are purposefully packaged with lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids to exert specific biological effects. These findings suggest that these particles may have a role in the quality of infant nutrition, particularly in the early phase of life when many of the foundations of an infant's potential for health and overall wellness are established. However, much of the current research focuses on human or cow milk only, and there is a knowledge gap in how milk from other species, which may be more commonly consumed in different regions, could also have these reported biological effects. Our review provides a summary of the studies into the extracellular particle fraction of milk from a wider range of ruminants and pseudo-ruminants, focusing on how this fraction is isolated and characterised, the stability and uptake of the fraction, and the reported biological effects of these fractions in a range of model systems. As the individual composition of milk from different species is known to differ, we propose that the extracellular particle fraction of milk from non-traditional and minority species may also have important and distinct biological properties that warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Ling Ong
- Smart Foods Innovation Centre of Excellence, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai, AgResearch Ltd., Massey University Campus, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
| | - Cherie Blenkiron
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1051, New Zealand;
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1051, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Haines
- Beyond Food Innovation Centre of Excellence, AgResearch Ltd., Lincoln 7674, New Zealand;
| | - Alejandra Acevedo-Fani
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (A.A.-F.); (J.A.S.L.)
| | - Juliana A. S. Leite
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (A.A.-F.); (J.A.S.L.)
| | - Janos Zempleni
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
| | - Rachel C. Anderson
- Smart Foods Innovation Centre of Excellence, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai, AgResearch Ltd., Massey University Campus, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (A.A.-F.); (J.A.S.L.)
| | - Mark J. McCann
- Smart Foods Innovation Centre of Excellence, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai, AgResearch Ltd., Massey University Campus, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (A.A.-F.); (J.A.S.L.)
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45
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Jiang X, You L, Zhang Z, Cui X, Zhong H, Sun X, Ji C, Chi X. Biological Properties of Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Physiological Functions in Infant. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:693534. [PMID: 34249944 PMCID: PMC8267587 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.693534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by all cells under pathological and physiological conditions. EVs harbor various biomolecules, including protein, lipid, non-coding RNA, messenger RNA, and DNA. In 2007, mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) carried by EVs were found to have regulatory functions in recipient cells. The biological function of EVs has since then increasingly drawn interest. Breast milk, as the most important nutritional source for infants, contains EVs in large quantities. An increasing number of studies have provided the basis for the hypothesis associated with information transmission between mothers and infants via breast milk-derived EVs. Most studies on milk-derived EVs currently focus on miRNAs. Milk-derived EVs contain diverse miRNAs, which remain stable both in vivo and in vitro; as such, they can be absorbed across different species. Further studies have confirmed that miRNAs derived from milk-derived EVs can resist the acidic environment and enzymatic hydrolysis of the digestive tract; moreover, they can be absorbed by intestinal cells in infants to perform physiological functions. miRNAs derived from milk EVs have been reported in the maturation of immune cells, regulation of immune response, formation of neuronal synapses, and development of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. This article reviews current status and advances in milk-derived EVs, including their history, biogenesis, molecular contents, and biological functions. The effects of milk-derived EVs on growth and development in both infants and adults were emphasized. Finally, the potential application and future challenges of milk-derived EVs were discussed, providing comprehensive understanding and new insight into milk-derived EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiang
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China.,The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Lianghui You
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianwei Cui
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Zhong
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingzhen Sun
- The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Chenbo Ji
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xia Chi
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
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Melnik BC, Stremmel W, Weiskirchen R, John SM, Schmitz G. Exosome-Derived MicroRNAs of Human Milk and Their Effects on Infant Health and Development. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060851. [PMID: 34200323 PMCID: PMC8228670 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple biologically active components of human milk support infant growth, health and development. Milk provides a wide spectrum of mammary epithelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MEVs) for the infant. Although the whole spectrum of MEVs appears to be of functional importance for the growing infant, the majority of recent studies report on the MEV subfraction of milk exosomes (MEX) and their miRNA cargo, which are in the focus of this review. MEX and the dominant miRNA-148a play a key role in intestinal maturation, barrier function and suppression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling and may thus be helpful for the prevention and treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis. MEX and their miRNAs reach the systemic circulation and may impact epigenetic programming of various organs including the liver, thymus, brain, pancreatic islets, beige, brown and white adipose tissue as well as bones. Translational evidence indicates that MEX and their miRNAs control the expression of global cellular regulators such as DNA methyltransferase 1-which is important for the up-regulation of developmental genes including insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, α-synuclein and forkhead box P3-and receptor-interacting protein 140, which is important for the regulation of multiple nuclear receptors. MEX-derived miRNA-148a and miRNA-30b may stimulate the expression of uncoupling protein 1, the key inducer of thermogenesis converting white into beige/brown adipose tissue. MEX have to be considered as signalosomes derived from the maternal lactation genome emitted to promote growth, maturation, immunological and metabolic programming of the offspring. Deeper insights into milk's molecular biology allow the conclusion that infants are both "breast-fed" and "breast-programmed". In this regard, MEX miRNA-deficient artificial formula is not an adequate substitute for breastfeeding, the birthright of all mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C. Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-5241-988060
| | - Wolfgang Stremmel
- Private Praxis for Internal Medicine, Beethovenstraße 2, D-76530 Baden-Baden, Germany;
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Swen Malte John
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany;
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm), University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany;
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Yun B, Kim Y, Park DJ, Oh S. Comparative analysis of dietary exosome-derived microRNAs from human, bovine and caprine colostrum and mature milk. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:593-602. [PMID: 34189507 PMCID: PMC8203993 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian milk including microRNAs (miRNAs) as a novel class of noncoding RNAs,
that can be transferred to infants and it plays on a critical role in biological
functions such as immune regulation and development. However, the origin and
functional importance of milk-derived miRNAs are still undetermined. This study
applied RNA sequencing to explore the featured profiles of miRNA expression in
colostrum and mature milk-originated exosomes from human, bovine, and caprine
milk. These dietary exosome-derived miRNAs are highly conserved in human, bovine
and caprine milk. Interestingly, abundant miRNAs expressed in human milk are
similarly conserved across species. In addition, we confirmed that
immune-related miRNAs (miR-30a-5p, miR-22-3p, and miR-26a) are commonly observed
in the colostrum and mature milk of cows and caprines as well as humans. Our
results provide new insights and resources for investigating the functionality
of immune-associated miRNAs and evaluating physiological and biological
condition in human, bovine and caprine milk as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohyun Yun
- Department of Functional Food and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | | | - Sangnam Oh
- Department of Functional Food and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Korea
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Xiao F, Zuo B, Tao B, Wang C, Li Y, Peng J, Shen C, Cui Y, Zhu J, Chen X. Exosomes derived from cyclic mechanical stretch-exposed bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through the NF-κB signaling pathway. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:798. [PMID: 34268411 PMCID: PMC8246225 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-1838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Skeletal unloading usually induces severe disuse osteoporosis (DOP), which often occurs in patients subjected to prolonged immobility or in spaceflight astronauts. Increasing evidence suggests that exosomes are important mediators in maintaining the balance between bone formation and resorption. We hypothesized that exosomes play an important role in the maintenance of bone homeostasis through intercellular communication between bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and osteoclasts under mechanical loading. Methods Cells were divided into cyclic mechanical stretch (CMS)-treated BMSCs and normal static-cultured BMSCs, and exosomes were extracted by ultracentrifugation. After incubation with CMS-treated BMSC-derived exosomes (CMS_Exos) or static-cultured BMSC-derived exosomes (static_Exos), the apoptosis rates of bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) were determined by flow cytometry, and cell viability was detected with a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Osteoclast differentiation was determined with an in vitro osteoclastogenesis assay. Signaling pathway activation was evaluated by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Hindlimb unloading (HU)-induced DOP mouse models were prepared to evaluate the function of exosomes in DOP. Results Both CMS_Exos and static_Exos could be internalized by BMMs, and CMS_Exos did not affect BMM viability or increase apoptosis. The CMS_Exos effectively suppressed receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclastogenesis and F-actin ring formation. Further molecular investigation demonstrated that CMS_Exos impaired osteoclast differentiation via inhibition of the RANKL-induced nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Both CMS_Exos and static_Exos partly rescued the osteoporosis caused by mechanical unloading; however, the CMS_Exo group showed more obvious rescue. Treatment with CMS_Exos significantly decreased the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclasts. Exosomes derived from CMS-treated BMSCs strongly inhibited osteoclast differentiation by attenuating the NF-κB signaling pathway in vitro and rescued osteoporosis caused by mechanical unloading in an HU mouse model in vivo. Conclusions In this research, we demonstrated that Exosomes derived from CMS-treated BMSCs inhibited osteoclastogenesis by attenuating NF-κB signaling pathway activity in vitro and ameliorated bone loss caused by mechanical unloading in an HU mouse model, providing new insights into intercellular communication between osteoblasts and osteoclasts under mechanical loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zuo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuandong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Peng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Cui
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
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Sanwlani R, Fonseka P, Mathivanan S. Are Dietary Extracellular Vesicles Bioavailable and Functional in Consuming Organisms? Subcell Biochem 2021; 97:509-521. [PMID: 33779931 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67171-6_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been well established that diet influences the health status of the consuming organism. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) present in dietary sources are proposed to be involved in cross-species and kingdom communication. As EVs contain a lipid bilayer and carry bioactive cargo of proteins and nucleic acids, they are proposed to survive harsh degrading conditions of the gut and enter systemic circulation. Following the bioavailability, several studies have supported the functional role of dietary EVs in various tissues of the consuming organism. Simultaneously, multiple studies have refuted the possibility that dietary EVs mediate cross-species communication and hence the topic is controversial. The feasibility of the concept remains under scrutiny primarily owing to the lack of significant in vivo evidence to complement the in vitro speculations. Concerns surrounding EV stability in the harsh degrading gut environment, lack of mechanism explaining intestinal uptake and bioavailability in systemic circulation have impeded the acceptance of their functional role. This chapter discusses the current evidences that support dietary EV-based cross species communication and enlists several issues that need to be addressed in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Sanwlani
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pamali Fonseka
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suresh Mathivanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Milk and Dairy Products: Good or Bad for Human Bone? Practical Dietary Recommendations for the Prevention and Management of Osteoporosis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041329. [PMID: 33920532 PMCID: PMC8072827 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis affects women twice as often as men. Additionally, it is estimated that 0.3 million and 1.7 million people have hip fractures in the USA and Europe, respectively. Having a proper peak bone mass and keeping it as long as possible is especially important for osteoporosis prevention. One of the most important calcium sources is milk and dairy products. Breast milk is the best infant food, but milk should not be avoided later in life to prevent losing bone mass. On the other hand, more and more people limit their milk consumption and consume other dairy or non-dairy products. For example, they are usually replaced with plant beverages, which should be consumed carefully in several age groups. Additionally, an important element of milk and dairy products, as well as plant beverages, are probiotics and prebiotics, which may modulate bone turnover. Dietary recommendations focused on milk, and dairy products are an important element for the prevention of osteoporosis.
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