1
|
Zamuner F, Cameron AWN, Carpenter EK, Arcos-Gómez G, Leury BJ, DiGiacomo K. Postponing first colostrum collection: impact on immunoglobulin G in goat colostrum. Animal 2024; 18:101277. [PMID: 39142022 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This experiment was motivated by the need to understand the impacts of delaying the first colostrum collection on immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations in goat colostrum, addressing a gap in caprine-specific research, despite its significance in dairy farming. Concurrently, we examined the relationship between colostral IgG, total protein (TP) and Brix values. Two colostrum samples were collected from 56 Saanen goats, one from each udder half. The first sample was collected from the right teat immediately postbirth, and the second sample was collected from the left teat at one of the predetermined postpartum intervals: 0, 4-6, 8-10, or 12-14 h postpartum, each time interval comprising 14 goats. Colostral IgG was determined by ELISA, Brix was determined by digital refractometry, and TP was determined by the Bradford protein method. Sperman's correlations and Lin's concordance correlation coefficient were used to determine the direction and strength of the association and to assess agreement (prediction accuracy) between methods, respectively. Receiver operator characteristic analysis was used to determine Brix and TP thresholds for predicting good-quality colostrum using several cut-offs (20, 30, 40, and 50 g/L IgG). Mean (± SD) for colostral IgG, Brix, and TP were 54 ± 22.6 g/L, 22 ± 5.0%, and 12 ± 2.8 g/dL, respectively. The statistical analysis did not provide evidence of a significant impact of time of first collection (up to 14 h postpartum), on IgG, Brix, and TP. Brix and IgG values exhibited both a high degree of correlation (r = 0.89-90) and concordance (ρc = 0.89-90), indicating a strong and reliable relationship between the two measurements. The prevalence of samples ≥ 20, 30, 40, and 50 g of IgG/L were 96, 88, 71, and 54%, respectively. Optimal Brix and TP thresholds predicting IgG ≥ 20, 30, 40, and 50 g/L IgG were 13.8, 17.5, 20.1, and 22.5%, and 6.8, 9.3, 10.8, and 11.1 g/dL, respectively. Increasing the IgG threshold resulted in lower sensitivity but higher specificity for estimating colostral IgG using Brix or TP values. The present findings indicate that delaying the first colostrum collection up to 14 h postpartum did not result in conclusive changes in colostral IgG concentration, Brix values, or total protein levels. Our results also confirm the reliability of Brix refractometry as an on-farm tool for estimating IgG concentrations in goat colostrum. These results are particularly relevant to intensive dairy systems, offering insights to enhance colostrum management and task prioritisation, especially during the bustling kidding periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Zamuner
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science - The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - A W N Cameron
- Meredith Dairy Pty Ltd., 106 Cameron Rd, Meredith, Victoria 3333, Australia
| | - E K Carpenter
- Meredith Dairy Pty Ltd., 106 Cameron Rd, Meredith, Victoria 3333, Australia
| | - G Arcos-Gómez
- Meredith Dairy Pty Ltd., 106 Cameron Rd, Meredith, Victoria 3333, Australia
| | - B J Leury
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science - The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - K DiGiacomo
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science - The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Duan H, Sun Q, Chen C, Wang R, Yan W. A Review: The Effect of Bovine Colostrum on Immunity in People of All Ages. Nutrients 2024; 16:2007. [PMID: 38999755 PMCID: PMC11242949 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine colostrum provides newborn calves with strong passive immunity, which will further affect the immunity of their offspring. Compared with other commercial dairy products, bovine colostrum emphasizes the limit of aflatoxin M1, pathogenic bacteria, microorganisms, antibiotics, stimulants, and other items, so it is safe to use. There are many reports that the use of bovine colostrum as a breast milk fortifier for preterm infants provides necessary immune support for premature infants, but the selection of bovine colostrum products chosen must be free of Bacillus cereus because they are very dangerous for premature infants. This also emphasizes that for the bovine colostrum that is used in preterm infants, more clinical research support is needed. At the same time, it should also be emphasized that the composition of BC is different from that of human colostrum, in particular, the main protein of BC is casein, while the main protein in breast milk is whey protein, especially α-lactalbumin, which together with ovalbumin is still the reference protein with the best biological value, especially for muscles. Therefore, bovine colostrum is currently not a complete substitute for breast milk. In recent years, in addition to reports of bovine colostrum use in preterm infants, studies have also found that bovine colostrum has immunomodulatory and promoting effects in adolescents, adults, and the elderly. This suggests that bovine colostrum has the potential to provide appropriate immune support for people of all ages. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of nutritional characteristics of bovine colostrum on three dimensions. The effects of bovine colostrum on people of all ages is a narrative review of the effects of bovine colostrum on immunity in people of all ages. This review identified several classes of immunoactive substances in bovine colostrum, including immunoglobulins, cytokines, and enzymes, and compared the nutritional composition of bovine colostrum with mature milk, colostrum and mature milk in full-term breast milk, and colostrum and mature milk in preterm breast milk, to demonstrate that bovine colostrum provides a rich range of immunoactive components. In addition, the influencing factors affecting the quality of bovine colostrum (immunoglobulin) were reviewed, and it was found that individual differences, environmental factors, and processing methods had a great impact on the quality of BC. More importantly, the immunomodulatory effects of bovine colostrum in people of all ages were reviewed in detail (with an emphasis on preterm infants and immunocompromised children in neonates) as evidence to support the immunity effects of colostrum in people of all ages. This review hopes to use the above evidence to make people understand the health role of bovine colostrum as having a human immunomodulatory effect, and at the same time, when seeing the potential value of bovine colostrum in the future, the limitations of its application should also be deeply re-explored, such as lactose intolerance, allergies, etc., to provide effective solutions for the wide application of bovine colostrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Duan
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China;
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Native Nutrition and Medical Research Institute, Tianmeijian Biotechnology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100101, China
- Research and Development Center, Jiangsu Tianmeijian Nature Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210038, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Native Nutrition and Medical Research Institute, Tianmeijian Biotechnology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100101, China
| | - Rongchang Wang
- Research and Development Center, Jiangsu Tianmeijian Nature Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210038, China
- Research and Development Center, Nanjing Daily Nutrition Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211215, China
| | - Wenjie Yan
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China;
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cheng TY, Renaud DL, Proudfoot KL, Pempek JA, Habing GG. Dairy producers' colostrum practices, marketing, and attitudes toward male dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:3885-3898. [PMID: 38216040 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Optimal early-life care of surplus calves born on dairy farms is critical for health and welfare. This cross-sectional study aimed to describe the marketing practices of male dairy calves, differences in the colostrum management between male and female calves on dairy farms, and the relationship between discrepant colostrum practices and dairy producers' attitudes toward male calf care. United States dairy producers (n = 1,000) in the states of Florida, Michigan, Ohio, Vermont, and Wisconsin were selected using stratified random sampling. A questionnaire containing questions about farm demographics, colostrum management (including quantity and timeliness of colostrum delivery), and producers' attitudes toward male calf care was mailed in February 2021. Attitudes toward male calf care were assessed using 5-point Likert scales for 10 statements regarding perceptions of the value of male calves and barriers in providing optimal care. Producer responses to questions about the quantity and timeliness of colostrum delivery between male and female calves were compared using a nonparametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between differences in colostrum management and producers' attitudes. By May 2021, 953 surveys were delivered and 315 (33.1%) were returned with complete responses. Most producers (>90%) reported feeding equal volumes of colostrum and performing the first postbirth feeding within a similar time frame for male and female calves. However, compared with females, male calves had a longer delay to the first colostrum feeding. Approximately 40% of producers marketed their male calves through auctions, and over half (54.6%) of farms sold the male calves between 3 and 10 d of age. Large farms (≥500 lactating cows) were found to market male calves at a younger age (≤3 d of age). Most producers (>78%) believed their male calves were receiving optimal care and did not consider the workload and financial costs as obstacles to providing good care to male calves. However, those who viewed the workload as an obstacle to good care and produced organic products were marginally more likely to feed a lower volume of colostrum to male calves in the first feeding after birth. These findings suggest that interventions to improve colostrum practices should be more broadly targeted to all calves born on dairy farms, and that age at transport is markedly different between large and small farms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - David L Renaud
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Kathryn L Proudfoot
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Jessica A Pempek
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Gregory G Habing
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aghakhani M, Shahraki ADF, Tabatabaei SN, Toghyani M, Moosavi‐Zadeh E, Rafiee H. 24-Hour postnatal total serum protein concentration affects the health and growth performance of female Holstein dairy calves. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2230-2237. [PMID: 37459751 PMCID: PMC10508483 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total serum protein (TSP) within the first few days of life in the neonatal calf has predictive value for subsequent growth and production in calves before and after weaning. INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of TSP concentration 24-h after birth (24-h) on the performance and health of Holstein dairy calves. METHODS A total of 152 female calves were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were collected at 24-h, and TSP concentration was measured with a refractometer. Calves based on TSP concentration at 24-h were allocated into three groups: 1 - TSP ≤6.5 g/dL, 2 - TSP between 6.6 and 6.9 g/dL and 3 - TSP ≥7 g/dL. The weighing was done at birth and at days 30 and 60. Starter feed intake was recorded from day 3 to weaning, and body structures were measured at birth and weaning day. RESULTS Calves with TSP >6.5 g/dL had greater body weight at days 30 and 60 than calves with TSP ≤6.5 g/dL. Average daily gain during 1-30 and 1-60 days of life increased as TSP increased. Furthermore, starter feed intake during the first 60 days of life was greater in calves with TSP ≥7 g/dL than calves with TSP <7 g/dL. The TSP concentration influenced structural growth, and >6.5 g/dL calves had greater heart girth, hip width and body length than ≤6.5 g/dL calves. Moreover, odds ratio for pneumonia decreased as TSP increased, whereas diarrhoea was unaffected. CONCLUSION The TSP at 24-h is an important contributing factor for the variation in growth performance and health of preweaning calves, and strategies to improve calf immunity and increase TSP lead to better animal health during preweaning period. IMPLICATIONS These results indicated that TSP ≥6.5 g/dL possibly was associated with greater performance, and this concentration could be considered a baseline for future analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Aghakhani
- Department of Animal Science, Isfahan (Khorasgan) BranchIslamic Azad UniversityIsfahanIran
| | | | | | - Majid Toghyani
- Department of Animal Science, Isfahan (Khorasgan) BranchIslamic Azad UniversityIsfahanIran
| | - Erfaneh Moosavi‐Zadeh
- Department of Animal Science, Isfahan (Khorasgan) BranchIslamic Azad UniversityIsfahanIran
| | - Hassan Rafiee
- Animal Science Research Department, Isfahan Agriculture and Natural resources Research and Education CenterAgriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)IsfahanIran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Van TD, Hue DT, Bottema CDK, Weird GM, Skirving R, Petrovski KR. Meta-Analysis on the Prevalence of Failed Transfer of Passive Immunity in Calves from Pasture-Based Dairy Farms in Australasia. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1792. [PMID: 37889692 PMCID: PMC10251967 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring and minimizing the prevalence of failed transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) in dairy replacement calves within the first week of life is crucial for calf health and farm profitability. In this study, a systematic literature search and meta-analysis were conducted on papers reporting the prevalence of FTPI in calves from pasture-based dairy farms in Australia and New Zealand. Two search methods, a "traditional method" and a "search engine method", were conducted to identify published studies on FTPI in Australia and New Zealand. Data from a total of 13,430 calves from eight studies in Australasia were included in the analysis for FTPI within 8 days of birth. The meta-analysis revealed that the average prevalence of FTPI was 33% across the two countries, with the lowest FTPI (9%) in Western Australia and the highest FTPI (59%) in New Zealand. Using farm data from three studies, the average prevalence of FTPI at the farm level in Australasia was 38%, with the lowest prevalence found in a farm in South Australia (6%). In conclusion, the meta-analysis confirmed the need for good management of cows and newborn calves after birth in pasture-based systems to reduce FTPI in calves. Collecting newborn calves from pasture at least twice per day after birth and providing colostrum of sufficient quantity and quality as soon as possible were the best practices for preventing FTPI in Australasian dairy systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thien D. Van
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia; (T.D.V.)
| | - Do T. Hue
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia; (T.D.V.)
- Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12406, Vietnam
| | - Cynthia D. K. Bottema
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia; (T.D.V.)
| | - Gebremeskel Mamu Weird
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia; (T.D.V.)
| | - Rebel Skirving
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia; (T.D.V.)
- Gambier Vets Pty. Ltd., Mount Gambier, SA 5290, Australia
| | - Kiro R. Petrovski
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia; (T.D.V.)
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hue DT, Petrovski K, Chen T, Williams JL, Bottema CDK. Analysis of immune-related microRNAs in cows and newborn calves. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:2866-2878. [PMID: 36870833 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Bovine colostrum contains a high concentration of immune-related microRNAs (miRNAs) that are packaged in exosomes and are very stable. In this study, 5 immune-related miRNAs (miR-142-5p, miR-150, miR-155, miR-181a, and miR-223) were quantified in dam blood, colostrum, and calf blood using reverse transcription quantitative PCR. Their levels in calf blood after colostrum ingestion were investigated to assess whether miRNAs are transferred from the dam to newborn calves. Three groups of Holstein-Friesian bull calves were bottle-fed 2 L of colostrum or milk from different sources twice per day. The group A calves received colostrum from their own dam and the group B calves were fed foster dam colostrum. Each pair of group A and group B calves were fed identical colostrum from the same milking of the corresponding group A dam for 3 d and then bulk tank milk for 7 d after birth. Group C calves were fed only 2L of "pooled colostrum" from multiple dams d 0 to 4 postpartum, and then fed bulk tank milk thereafter for 7 d after birth. The groups were fed colostrum from different sources and different amounts to assess possible miRNA absorption from the colostrum. All miRNAs were at the highest level in colostrum at d 0 and then decreased rapidly after d 1. The level of miR-150 had the largest decrease from 489 × 106 copies/µL (d 0) to 78 × 106 copies/µL (d 1). MicroRNA-223 and miR-155 were the most abundant in both colostrum and milk. Dam colostrum had significantly higher levels of miR-142-5p, miR-155, and miR-181a than the bulk tank milk. However, only the miR-155 concentration was significantly higher in the dam colostrum than in the pooled colostrum. The concentrations of miRNAs in the colostrum were less than in the cow blood (100- to 1,000-fold less). There was no significant correlation between the level of miRNAs in the dam blood and their colostrum, suggesting that miRNA is synthesized locally by the mammary gland rather than being transferred from the blood. MicroRNA-223 had the highest level in both calf and cow blood compared with the other 4 immune-related miRNAs. Calves were born with high levels of immune-related miRNAs in their blood, and there were no significant differences in miRNA levels between the 3 calf groups at birth or after they were fed different colostrum. This suggests that these miRNAs were not transferred from the colostrum to the newborn calves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Do T Hue
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, SA 5371, Australia; Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi, 12406 Vietnam.
| | - Kiro Petrovski
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Tong Chen
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, SA 5371, Australia
| | - John L Williams
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, SA 5371, Australia; Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Cynthia D K Bottema
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, SA 5371, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Peng F, Zhang H, He X, Song Z. Early flora colonization affects intestinal immunoglobulin G uptake in piglets, which may be mediated by NF-κB-FcRn pathway. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1136513. [PMID: 36865776 PMCID: PMC9971964 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1136513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The passive immunity of newborn piglets is mainly derived from immunoglobulin G (IgG) in breast milk, and the incomplete transfer of passive immune is considered to be an important cause of piglet death. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of early intestinal flora colonization on IgG uptake and its possible mechanism. Methods The newborn piglets and IPEC-J2 cells were used to investigate the possible factors and regulatory mechanisms affecting intestinal IgG uptake. In vivo, all 40 piglets were euthanized on postnatal d 0, 1, 3, and 7, with 10 piglets per time. The blood sample, gastric contents, jejunal contents and mucosa were collected for analysis. In vitro, IPEC-J2 cells transwell culture system was used to establish the IgG transporter model to explore the specific regulatory mechanism of IgG transport. Results Our results demonstrated that the intestinal IgG uptake was positively correlated with the expression of Neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). With the increase of age, the intestinal flora of newborn piglets was gradually enriched. The function of intestinal genes also changes with the colonization of intestinal flora. We found that the expression trend of TLR2, TLR4 and NF-κB (P65) in intestine was consistent with that of FcRn. Furthermore, the in vitro results demonstrate that the NF-κB signaling pathway is involved in regulating FcRn-mediated IgG transmembrane transport. Discussion Early flora colonization affects intestinal IgG uptake in piglets, which may be mediated by NF-κB-FcRn pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Haihan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xi He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Grigaleviciute R, Planciuniene R, Prikockyte I, Radzeviciute-Valciuke E, Baleviciute A, Zelvys A, Zinkeviciene A, Zigmantaite V, Kucinskas A, Matusevicius P, Kavaliauskas P. The Influence of Feeding with Colostrum and Colostrum Replacer on Major Blood Biomarkers and Growth Performance in Dairy Calves. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020128. [PMID: 36851432 PMCID: PMC9965887 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine colostrum (BC) is the first milk produced by lactating cows after parturition. BC is rich in various amino acids, proteins, and fats essential for the nutrition of the neonate calves. Despite the evident beneficial effect of BC on calves, the effect of BC on blood biomarkers is poorly understood. Calves that received BC showed significantly higher body mass at days 7 and 30 (38.54 kg and 43.42 kg, respectively) compared to the colostrum replacer group (p = 0.0064). BC induced greater quantities of blood neutrophils (0.27 × 109/L) and monocytes (4.76 × 109/L) in comparison to the colostrum replacer (0.08 and 0.06 × 109/L, respectively) (p = 0.0001). Animals that received BC showed higher levels of total serum protein (59.16 g/L) and albumin (29.96 g/L) in comparison to the colostrum replacer group (44.34 g/L and 31.58 g/L, respectively). In addition, BC induced greater intestinal mucus production in the Wistar rat model. Collectively, these results demonstrate that BC is important for the growth of calves and that it provides a significant beneficial effect on morphological and biochemical blood parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramune Grigaleviciute
- Biological Research Center, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18/7, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rita Planciuniene
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Prikockyte
- Kaunas Hospital, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Josvainiu Strg. 2, LT-47144 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Austeja Baleviciute
- Toxicology Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, 171 77 Solna, Sweden
| | - Augustinas Zelvys
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu Str. 5, LT-08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aukse Zinkeviciene
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu Str. 5, LT-08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Zigmantaite
- Biological Research Center, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18/7, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Audrius Kucinskas
- Biological Research Center, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18/7, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Paulius Matusevicius
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Povilas Kavaliauskas
- Biological Research Center, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18/7, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 1109, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Pathogenic Microbiology, Birstono Str. 38A, LT-59116 Prienai, Lithuania
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Carulla P, Villagrá A, Estellés F, Blanco-Penedo I. Welfare implications on management strategies for rearing dairy calves: A systematic review. Part 1-feeding management. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1148823. [PMID: 37138918 PMCID: PMC10150452 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1148823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Calves are very susceptible to stress in the early stages of life, and it is necessary to ensure maximum welfare. Feeding management has been identified as a major risk factor for calf health and welfare at this stage. However, the management protocol for calf rearing and its impact on animal welfare is unclear. A systematic review of different management strategies for rearing dairy calves according to the three spheres of animal welfare was conducted using an electronic search strategy. In this review, management strategies were studied to identify scientific gaps, to know the welfare problems of these animals in order to prioritize actions and future research and to study the interpretive approach of this management from the three welfare spheres. Methods A protocol was used to analyze and extract information from the studies. Of the 1,783 publications screened, only 351 met the inclusion criteria for the management or welfare of calves' items. Results The publications identified in the search can be divided into two main groups feeding and socialization, based on the main topic of the publication. The main topics that emerged from the search in the feeding management group were milk replacer, colostrum, and weaning, divided into the three main areas of biological functioning and health, natural life and affective states or cognitive judgement. Discussion The main issues to be addressed were the different types of feed consumed by animals from birth to weaning and the weaning management. It has been found that the most researched issues are colostrum and solid starter feed management. Unresolved issues were highlighted, such as the lack of a clear protocol for the administration of milk replacers to reduce hunger and the best management of weaning to reduce stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Carulla
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Patricia Carulla
| | - Arantxa Villagrá
- Centro de Tecnología Animal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, CITA-IVIA, Polígono de La Esperanza, Segorbe, Castellón, Spain
| | - Fernando Estellés
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Blanco-Penedo
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Universidad de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Isabel Blanco-Penedo
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Incidence of Inadequate Transfer of Passive Immunity in Dairy Heifer Calves in South Australia. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12212912. [PMID: 36359035 PMCID: PMC9655744 DOI: 10.3390/ani12212912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this observational study was to estimate the incidence of inadequate transfer of passive immunity (ITPI) on five pasture-based dairy farms in South Australia. Heifer calf uptake of colostrum was evaluated within the first 1−7 days of age (n = 2638) using a digital refractometer to estimate each calf’s serum total protein concentration, as an indicator of colostrum uptake. Results of <51 g/L indicated inadequate transfer of passive immunity (ITPI). The data showed that the incidence of ITPI on the farms was 6.5%, 31.3%, 48.8%, 49.7% and 52.4%. The incidence of ITPI was calculated in relation to the age of the calf at testing and the breed of calf, and no significant differences were found. A significant difference was found in the incidence of ITPI when comparing the calf’s first feed after separation from the dam (colostrum versus a colostrum-transition milk mixture). The farm with the lowest incidence of ITPI collected calves twice a day, measured colostrum quality on farm with a Brix refractometer and ensured that each calf received an appropriate amount of high-quality colostrum soon after collection. Further studies are required to establish the risk factors of ITPI in South Australian dairy heifers.
Collapse
|