1
|
Ayoub MA, Yap PG, Mudgil P, Khan FB, Anwar I, Muhammad K, Gan CY, Maqsood S. Invited review: Camel milk-derived bioactive peptides and diabetes-Molecular view and perspectives. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:649-668. [PMID: 37709024 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
In dairy science, camel milk (CM) constitutes a center of interest for scientists due to its known beneficial effect on diabetes as demonstrated in many in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies and trials. Overall, CM had positive effects on various parameters related to glucose transport and metabolism as well as the structural and functional properties of the pancreatic β-cells and insulin secretion. Thus, CM consumption may help manage diabetes; however, such a recommendation will become rationale and clinically conceivable only if the exact molecular mechanisms and pathways involved at the cellular levels are well understood. Moreover, the application of CM as an alternative antidiabetic tool may first require the identification of the exact bioactive molecules behind such antidiabetic properties. In this review, we describe the advances in our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms reported to be involved in the beneficial effects of CM in managing diabetes using different in vitro and in vivo models. This mainly includes the effects of CM on the different molecular pathways controlling (1) insulin receptor signaling and glucose uptake, (2) the pancreatic β-cell structure and function, and (3) the activity of key metabolic enzymes in glucose metabolism. Moreover, we described the current status of the identification of CM-derived bioactive peptides and their structure-activity relationship study and characterization in the context of molecular markers related to diabetes. Such an overview will not only enrich our scientific knowledge of the plausible mode of action of CM in diabetes but should ultimately rationalize the claim of the potential application of CM against diabetes. This will pave the way toward new directions and ideas for developing a new generation of antidiabetic products taking benefits from the chemical composition of CM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Akli Ayoub
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Pei-Gee Yap
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), University Innovation Incubator (i2U) Building, SAINS@USM Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Lebuh Bukit Jambul, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Priti Mudgil
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farheen Badrealam Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Irfa Anwar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khalid Muhammad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chee-Yuen Gan
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), University Innovation Incubator (i2U) Building, SAINS@USM Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Lebuh Bukit Jambul, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sajid Maqsood
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liao W, Cao X, Xia H, Wang S, Chen L, Sun G. Pea protein hydrolysate reduces blood glucose in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1298046. [PMID: 38156281 PMCID: PMC10754521 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1298046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Food proteins have been recognized as an ideal source to release bioactive peptides with the potential to intervene nutrition related chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity and diabetes. Our previous studies showed that pea protein hydrolysate (PPH) could suppress hepatic glucose production in hepatic cells via inhibiting the gluconeogenic signaling. Thus, we hypothesized that PPH could play the hypoglycemic role in vivo. Methods In the present study, the mice model with type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) was developed by high-fat diet and low dose of streptozotocin injections. PPH was administered orally with a dosage of 1000 mg/kg body weight for 9 weeks, followed by the downstream biomedical analyses. Results The results showed that the 9-week treatment of PPH could reduce fasting blood glucose by 29.6% and improve glucose tolerance in the T2DM mice. The associated mechanisms included suppression of the gluconeogenic pathway, activation of the insulin signaling and modulation of the renin angiotensin system in the liver of the diabetic mice. In addition, the levels of pro-inflammatory markers in both liver and serum were reduced by the PPH treatment. Conclusion The hypoglycemic effect of PPH in T2DM mice was demonstrated in the present study. Findings from this study could provide rationale to incorporate PPH into functional foods or nutraceuticals for glycemic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Public Service Platform of South China Sea for R&D Marine Biomedicine Resources, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Y, Wang J, Ge W, Song Y, He R, Wang Z, Zhao L. Camel milk peptides alleviate hyperglycemia by regulating gut microbiota and metabolites in type 2 diabetic mice. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113278. [PMID: 37803591 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of Camel milk peptides (CMPs) on Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice and reveal its related mechanism from the aspect of gut microbiota and metabolites. The administering CMPs significantly alleviated the weight loss, polydipsia and polyphagia, reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG), improved insulin resistance and sensitivity, and restored the level of serum hormones, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipid metabolic and tissue damage. Furthermore, CMPs intervention remarkably reversed gut microbiota dysbiosis in T2DM mice by reducing the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Allobaculum, Clostridium, Shigella and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, while increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Blautia. Metabolomic analysis identified 84 different metabolites between T2DM and CMPs-treated groups, participating in three pathways of Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, Phenylalanine metabolism and Linoleic acid metabolism. Ureidopropionic acid, pantothenic acid, hippuric acid, hydrocinnamic acid and linoleic acid were identified as key acidic metabolites closely related to hypoglycemic effect. Correlation analysis indicated that CMPs might have a hypoglycemic effect through their impact on gut microbiota, leading to variations in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), acidic metabolites and metabolic pathways. These findings suggest that CMPs could be a beneficial nutritional supplement for intervention T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ju Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wupeng Ge
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuxuan Song
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre of Dairy Products Quality, Safety and Health, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Rui He
- Shaanxi Baiyue Youlishi Dairy Industry Co. Ltd., Xianyang 712000, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Shaanxi Baiyue Youlishi Dairy Industry Co. Ltd., Xianyang 712000, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Miao J, Xiao S, Wang J. Comparative Study of Camel Milk from Different Areas of Xinjiang Province in China. Food Sci Anim Resour 2023; 43:674-684. [PMID: 37484000 PMCID: PMC10359842 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2023.e27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Xinjiang province is the main camel feeding area in China with a large square, and camel milk from different areas have different qualities. By now, there are few reports about the quality of camel milk from different areas of Xinjiang province in China. In this study, seven batches of camel milk and one batch of cow milk were collected, and the contents of fat, protein, lactose, total solid, and nonfat milk solid of these milk samples were determined, as well as the contents of lysozyme and vitamin C. All samples were scored and compared by principal component analysis score and comprehensive weighted multi-index score. As the results, camel milk from different areas showed different contents of fat (4.62%-7.02%), protein (3.34%-3.95%), lactose (3.85%-4.79%), total solid (13.59%-17.00%), nonfat milk solid (8.55%-9.73%), vitamin C (12.10-41.25 μg/mL), and lysozyme (8.70-22.80 μg/mL), as well as different qualities. This variation would help people to know more about quanlity of camel milk in Xinjiang province. Camel milk from Jeminay showed the best quality, and then followed by camel milk from Fukang, Changji, and Fuhai, while cow milk showed the lowest score. Therefore, Jeminay is the most suitable place for grazing camels. Our findings show the different qualities of camel milk in different distribution areas of Xinjiang province, and provide an insight for the evaluation of camel milk. In the present study, only seven components in camel milk were determined, many other factors, such as cfu, mineral, and other vitamins, have not been considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Miao
- Institute of Medicine of Xinjiang
University, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological
Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology,
Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Shuang Xiao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological
Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology,
Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological
Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology,
Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
López-Moreno M, Jiménez-Moreno E, Márquez Gallego A, Vera Pasamontes G, Uranga Ocio JA, Garcés-Rimón M, Miguel-Castro M. Red Quinoa Hydrolysates with Antioxidant Properties Improve Cardiovascular Health in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1291. [PMID: 37372021 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, quinoa has been postulated as an emerging crop for the production of functional foods. Quinoa has been used to obtain plant protein hydrolysates with in vitro biological activity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the beneficial effect of red quinoa hydrolysate (QrH) on oxidative stress and cardiovascular health in an in vivo experimental model of hypertension (HTN) in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). The oral administration of QrH at 1000 mg/kg/day (QrHH) showed a significant reduction in SBP from baseline (-9.8 ± 4.5 mm Hg; p < 0.05) in SHR. The mechanical stimulation thresholds did not change during the study QrH groups, whereas in the case of SHR control and SHR vitamin C, a significant reduction was observed (p < 0.05). The SHR QrHH exhibited higher antioxidant capacity in the kidney than the other experimental groups (p < 0.05). The SHR QrHH group showed an increase in reduced glutathione levels in the liver compared to the SHR control group (p < 0.05). In relation to lipid peroxidation, SHR QrHH exhibited a significant decrease in plasma, kidney and heart malondialdehyde (MDA) values compared to the SHR control group (p < 0.05). The results obtained revealed the in vivo antioxidant effect of QrH and its ability to ameliorate HTN and its associated complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel López-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología Alimentaria, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Márquez Gallego
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28933 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Gema Vera Pasamontes
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28933 Alcorcón, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación de Alto Rendimiento en Fisiopatología y Farmacología del Sistema Digestivo (NeuGut), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos de Madrid (URJC), 28933 Alcorcón, Spain
- Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigación Científicas (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Uranga Ocio
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28933 Alcorcón, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación de Alto Rendimiento en Fisiopatología y Farmacología del Sistema Digestivo (NeuGut), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos de Madrid (URJC), 28933 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Marta Garcés-Rimón
- Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología Alimentaria, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Miguel-Castro
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mudgil P, Redha A, Nirmal NP, Maqsood S. In vitro antidiabetic and antihypercholesterolemic activities of camel milk protein hydrolysates derived upon simulated gastrointestinal digestion of milk from different camel breeds. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:3098-3108. [PMID: 36935238 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Milk protein hydrolysates derived from 4 camel breeds (Pakistani, Saheli, Hozami, and Omani) were evaluated for in vitro inhibition of antidiabetic enzymatic markers (dipeptidyl peptidase IV and α-amylase) and antihypercholesterolemic enzymatic markers (pancreatic lipase and cholesterol esterase). Milk samples were subjected to in vitro simulated gastric (SGD) and gastrointestinal digestion (SGID) conditions. In comparison with intact milk proteins, the SGD-derived milk protein hydrolysates showed enhanced inhibition of α-amylase, dipeptidyl peptidase IV, pancreatic lipase, and cholesterol esterase as reflected by lower half-maximal inhibitory concentration values. Overall, milk protein hydrolysates derived from the milk of Hozami and Omani camel breeds displayed higher inhibition of different enzymatic markers compared with milk protein hydrolysates from Pakistani and Saheli breeds. In vitro SGD and SGID processes significantly increased the bioactive properties of milk from all camel breeds. Milk protein hydrolysates from different camel breeds showed significant variations for inhibition of antidiabetic and antihypercholesterolemic enzymatic markers, suggesting the importance of breed selection for production of bioactive peptides. However, further studies on identifying the peptides generated upon SGD and SGID of milk from different camel breeds are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priti Mudgil
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali Redha
- The Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU, United Kingdom; Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Nilesh P Nirmal
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Sajid Maqsood
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates; Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Wang L, Li W, Du J, Zhang S, Chen X. Hypolipidemic mechanism of Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharides in high-fat diet-induced obese mice based on metabolomics. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1118923. [PMID: 36761225 PMCID: PMC9905146 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1118923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective In this study, the structure of Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharides (PEPs) was characterized, and the mechanism of PEP on obesity and hyperlipidemia induced by high-fat diet was evaluated by metabonomic analysis. Methods The structure of PEPs were characterized by monosaccharide composition, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. In animal experiments, H&E staining was used to observe the morphological difference of epididymal adipose tissue of mice in each group. Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-(QE) HFX -mass spectrometry (MS) was used to analyze the difference of metabolites in serum of mice in each group and the related metabolic pathways. Results The PEPs contained nine monosaccharides: 1.05% fucose, 0.30% arabinose, 17.94% galactose, 53.49% glucose, 1.24% xylose, 23.32% mannose, 1.30% ribose, 0.21%galacturonic acid, and 1.17% glucuronic acid. The PEPs began to degrade at 251°C (T0), while the maximum thermal degradation rate temperature (Tm) appeared at 300°C. The results histopathological observation demonstrated that the PEPs had signifificant hypolipidemic activities. After PEPs intervention, the metabolic profile of mice changed significantly. A total of 29 different metabolites were selected as adjunctive therapy to PEPs, for treatment of obesity and hyperlipidemia-related complications caused by a high-fat diet. These metabolites include amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, choline, glycerol phospholipids, and other endogenous compounds, which can prevent and treat obesity and hyperlipidemia caused by a high-fat diet by regulating amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and changes in metabolic pathways such as that involved in the citric cycle (TCA cycle). Conclusions The presented results indicate that PEPs treatment can alleviate the obesity and hyperlipidemia caused by a high-fat diet and, thus, may be used as a functional food adjuvant, providing a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the prevention and treatment of high-fat diet-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wen Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianming Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shengxiang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China,*Correspondence: Xuefeng Chen ✉
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Extraction and Identification of Antioxidant Ingredients from Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinsk Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS-Based Molecular Networking. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8260379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja (LCP) leaves have been widely employed in food and traditional medicine for treating hyperlipidaemia and its complications, possibly owing to their antioxidant properties. The aim of the present study is to identify the chemical ingredients of antioxidant extracts from LCP by using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS-based molecular networking, a very recent and useful tool for annotation of chemical constituents in mixtures. The extraction conditions of antioxidant extracts from LCP were optimised by single-factor analysis and response surface methodology (RSM). The optimised conditions were a methanol concentration of 32%, a liquid-to-solid ratio of 0.4 ml/mg, an extraction temperature of 25°C, and an extraction time of 32 min. Under these conditions, the antioxidant yield was 516.20 ± 28.52 μmol TE/ml. The main active ingredients in the antioxidants were identified by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS-based molecular networking. In total, 42 compounds were identified, including 20 flavonoids, 16 quinic acid derivatives, 4 caffeoyl derivatives, and 2 coumaroyl derivatives. The findings of the present work suggest that LCP could be a suitable source of natural antioxidant compounds, which might be applicable in the development of potential pharmaceutical drugs targeting diseases related to oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
9
|
Rilwan HB, Adebisi SS, Timbuak JA, Oladele SB, Muhammad A, Sadeeq AA, Makena W. Camel milk ameliorates diabetes in pigs by preventing oxidative stress, inflammation and enhancing beta cell function. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:1625-1634. [PMID: 36404858 PMCID: PMC9672245 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of the study was to determine how camel milk affects hyperglycemia, beta-cell function, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetic pigs. Methods Twenty-five (25) pigs were separated into five (5) groups of five pigs each, with five (5) non-diabetic and twenty (20) diabetic pigs in each group. Groups 1 and 2 received distilled water as the standard control and diabetic control groups, respectively, while Groups 3 and 4 received camel milk at 250 mL/day and 500 mL/day, respectively, and Group 5 received metformin at 500 mg/day. The experiment lasted ten weeks. At the end of the ten weeks, all the pigs were euthanized. Results Treatments with camel milk substantially enhance glucose fasting levels by reducing hyperglycemia in diabetic pigs, significant level at (p < 0.05). When pigs given camel milk were compared with untreated diabetic pigs, there was a substantial rise (p < 0.05) in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Also, camel milk substantially lowered the levels of interleukin (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in diabetic pig serum. Similarly, immunohistochemical analysis of islet cells revealed an increase in insulin production, implying improved glycemic control and the eventual commitment of glucose to glycolysis. Conclusion The bioactive-mediated anti-hyperglycemic and insulin release potential of camel milk treatments contributed to improving type 2 diabetes mellitus. Camel milk improved beta-cell function while reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in type 2 diabetic pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadiza Bello Rilwan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Kaduna State Nigeria
| | | | - James Abrak Timbuak
- Department of Human Anatomy, Yusuf Maitama Sule University, Kano, Kano State Nigeria
| | | | - Aliyu Muhammad
- Department of Human Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria
| | | | - Wusa Makena
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Alshuniaber MA, Alshammari GM, Eleawa SM, Yagoub AEA, Al-Khalifah AS, Alhussain MH, Al-Harbi LN, Yahya MA. Camel milk protein hydrosylate alleviates hepatic steatosis and hypertension in high fructose-fed rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1137-1147. [PMID: 35672152 PMCID: PMC9176680 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2079678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Camel milk is used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes mellitus hypertension and other metabolic disorders. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the antisteatotic and antihypertensive effects of camel milk protein hydrolysate (CMH) in high fructose (HF)-fed rats and compared it with the effects afforded by the intact camel milk protein extract (ICM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups (n = 8 each) as 1) control, 2) ICM (1000 mg/kg), 3) CMH (1000 mg/kg), 4) HF (15% in drinking water), 5) HF (15%) + ICM (1000 mg/kg), and 6) HF (15%) + CMH (1000 mg/kg). All treatments were given orally for 21 weeks, daily. RESULTS Both ICM and CMH reduced fasting glucose and insulin levels, serum and hepatic levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, and serum levels of ALT and AST, angiotensin II, ACE, endothelin-1, and uric acid in HF-fed rats. In addition, both ICM and CMH reduced hepatic fat deposition in the hepatocytes and reduced hepatocyte damage. This was associated with an increase in the hepatic activity of AMPK, higher PPARα mRNA, reduced expression of fructokinase C, SREBP1, SREBP2, fatty acid synthase, and HMG-CoA-reductase. Both treatments lowered systolic and diastolic blood pressure. However, the effects of CMH on all these parameters were greater as compared to ICM. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study encourage the use of CMH in a large-scale population and clinical studies to treat metabolic steatosis and hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Alshuniaber
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghedeir M. Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy M. Eleawa
- College of Health Sciences, Applied Medical Sciences Department, PAAET, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Abu ElGasim A. Yagoub
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullrahman S. Al-Khalifah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha H. Alhussain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Naif Al-Harbi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Satyanarayana N, Chinni SV, Gobinath R, Sunitha P, Uma Sankar A, Muthuvenkatachalam BS. Antidiabetic activity of Solanum torvum fruit extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Front Nutr 2022; 9:987552. [PMID: 36386935 PMCID: PMC9650639 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.987552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Solanum torvum Swartz, a medicinal plant belonging to the family Solanaceae, is an important medicinal plant widely distributed throughout the world and used as medicine to treat diabetes, hypertension, tooth decay, and reproductive problems in traditional systems of medicine around the world including Malaysia. The objective of this study was to investigate hypoglycemic, antilipidemic, and hepatoprotective activities, histopathology of the pancreas, and specific glucose regulating gene expression of the ethanolic extract of S. torvum fruit in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague–Dawley rats. Materials and methods Acute toxicity study was done according to OECD-423 guidelines. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) in male Sprague–Dawley rats. Experimental diabetic rats were divided into six different groups; normal, diabetic control, and glibenclamide at 6 mg/kg body weight, and the other three groups of animals were treated with oral administration of ethanolic extract of S. torvum fruit at 120, 160, and 200 mg/kg for 28 days. The effect of ethanolic extract of S. torvum fruit on body weight, blood glucose, lipid profile, liver enzymes, histopathology of pancreas, and gene expression of glucose transporter 2 (slc2a2), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK1) was determined by RT-PCR. Results Acute toxicity studies showed LD50 of ethanolic extract of S. torvum fruit to be at the dose of 1600 mg/kg body weight. Blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins, very low-density lipoproteins, serum alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase were significantly reduced, whereas high-density lipoproteins were significantly increased in S. torvum fruit (200 mg/kg)-treated rats. Histopathological study of the pancreas showed an increase in number, size, and regeneration of β-cell of islets of Langerhans. Gene expression studies revealed the lower expression of slc2a2 and PCK1 in treated animals when compared to diabetic control. Conclusion Ethanolic extract of S. torvum fruits showed hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and hepatoprotective activity in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Histopathological studies revealed regeneration of β cells of islets of Langerhans. Gene expression studies indicated lower expression of slc2a2 and PCK1 in treated animals when compared to diabetic control, indicating that the treated animals prefer the gluconeogenesis pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namani Satyanarayana
- Department of Anatomy, Saint James School of Medicine, Saint Vincent, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
| | - Suresh V. Chinni
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience, and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
- *Correspondence: Suresh V. Chinni, ,
| | - Ramachawolran Gobinath
- Department of Foundation, RCSI and UCD Malaysia Campus, Georgetown, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Paripelli Sunitha
- Department of Physiology, Saint James School of Medicine, Saint Vincent, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
| | - Akula Uma Sankar
- Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sun D, Sun L, Su F. Influence of Optimal Management of Hyperglycemia and Intensive Nursing on Blood Glucose Control Level and Complications in Patients with Postoperative Cerebral Hemorrhage. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8553539. [PMID: 36072767 PMCID: PMC9444437 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8553539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Cerebral hemorrhage, also known as hemorrhagic stroke, is a common clinical cerebrovascular disease, accounting for about 10%-30% of stroke, with high morbidity and mortality. Objective To observe the effect of optimal management of hyperglycemia and intensive nursing on blood glucose control level and complications in patients with postoperative cerebral hemorrhage. Methods One hundred and eight patients with postoperative cerebral hemorrhage comorbid with stress hyperglycemia admitted to our neurosurgery department from February 2019 to February 2022 were selected and divided into a general group of 54 cases and an optimized group of 54 cases by simple random method. The general group was managed with conventional care, while the optimized group developed optimized management of hyperglycemia for intensive care. The indexes related to blood glucose control, electrolytes, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, Barthel Index (BI) scores, and time to achieve blood glucose standard, insulin pumping time, patient satisfaction, and prognosis were compared between the two groups. Results Before intervention, there was no statistical significance in the comparison of blood glucose control-related indicators and electrolytes between the two groups (P > 0.05). After 7 d and 14 d of intervention, the fasting blood glucose and 2 h postprandial blood glucose in the two groups were lower than before, while K+ and Na+ were higher than before (P < 0.05). The blood glucose indexes at the same time point in the optimized group were found to be lower than those in the general group by statistical analysis, but electrolytes were not statistically significant when compared with the general group (P > 0.05). In the optimized group, the time to achieve blood glucose standard (6.59 ± 1.94) d and insulin pumping time (7.14 ± 1.89) d were shorter than those in the general group [(7.48 ± 2.12) d and (8.58 ± 2.14) d], insulin dosage (748.85 ± 63.61) U was less than that in the general group (923.54 ± 84.14) U, and the incidence of hypoglycemia (3.70%) was lower than that in the general group (16.67%), and the satisfaction rate (92.59%) was higher than that of the general group (77.78%), which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Before intervention, there was no significant difference in NIHSS score and BI score between the two groups (P > 0.05). After 7 d and 14 d of intervention, the NIHSS scores of the two groups were lower than before, while the BI scores were higher than before, and the NIHSS scores of the optimized group at the same time point were all lower than those of the general group, and the BI scores were higher than those of the general group (P < 0.05). The incidence of pulmonary infection (11.11%) and rebleeding (7.41%) in the optimized group were lower than those in the general group (25.93% and 22.22%), while deep vein thrombosis, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and death within 28 d was not statistically significant when compared with the general group (P > 0.05). Conclusion Optimal management of hyperglycemia and intensive nursing can effectively control the blood sugar level of patients after cerebral hemorrhage, reducing insulin dosage, and the occurrence of hypoglycemia, pulmonary infection, and rebleeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Sun
- Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Fang Su
- Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abdelazez A, Alshehry G, Algarni E, Al Jumayi H, Abdel-Motaal H, Meng XC. Postbiotic Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid and Camel Milk Intervention as Innovative Trends Against Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia in Streptozotocin-Induced C57BL/6J Diabetic Mice. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:943930. [PMID: 35898909 PMCID: PMC9313471 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.943930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a serious disease that threatens human health worldwide. The study hypothesis is to investigate the novel trends that may aid in the prevention of diabetic complications. Camel milk was presented as traditional functional food, and Lactobacillus brevis KLDS1.0727 and KLDS1.0373 strains were shown to synthesize postbiotic Gamma-aminobutyric acid as a potential food additive, which can therapeutically intervene against hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in streptozotocin-induced C57BL/6J mice. During a four-week timeframe, body weight and postprandial blood glucose levels were monitored. Post-euthanasia, blood plasma was obtained to investigate hyperlipidemia, insulin concentrations, liver, and renal functions. The liver, pancreas, kidney, and spleen underwent histopathological examinations. The results demonstrated that KLDS1.0727 and KLDS1.0373 (LACS1, LACS2) and camel milk treatments all had a significant influence on hypoglycemic activity, as evidenced by reduced postprandial blood glucose levels. LACS1, LACS2, and camel milk therapy significantly reduced blood hypolipidemic, and some liver enzymes such as (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase) levels. Therefore, we recommend consuming camel milk regularly and expanding its use with fermented foods containing L. brevis, one of the probiotics capable of producing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as future food additives that can improve human health and reduce the prevalence of several diseases disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amro Abdelazez
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Microbe and Host Health, Linyi University, Linyi, China
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, Agriculture Research Centre, Animal Production Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Amro Abdelazez,
| | - Garsa Alshehry
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Algarni
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Al Jumayi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Abdel-Motaal
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Microbe and Host Health, Linyi University, Linyi, China
- Department of Microbiology, Agriculture Research Center, Soils, Water, Environment and Microbiology Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Xiang-Chen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Xiang-Chen Meng,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Khan FB, Ansari MA, Uddin S, Palakott AR, Anwar I, Almatroudi A, Alomary MN, Alrumaihi F, Aba Alkhayl FF, Alghamdi S, Muhammad K, Huang CY, Daddam JR, Khan H, Maqsood S, Ayoub MA. Prospective Role of Bioactive Molecules and Exosomes in the Therapeutic Potential of Camel Milk against Human Diseases: An Updated Perspective. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12070990. [PMID: 35888080 PMCID: PMC9318805 DOI: 10.3390/life12070990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Camel milk (CM) constitutes an important dietary source in the hot and arid regions of the world. CM is a colloidal mixture of nutritional components (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, and minerals) and non-nutritional components (hormones, growth factors, cytokines, immunoglobulins, and exosomes). Although the majority of previous research has been focused on the nutritional components of CM; there has been immense interest in the non-nutritional components in the recent past. Reckoning with these, in this review, we have provided a glimpse of the recent trends in CM research endeavors and attempted to provide our perspective on the therapeutic efficacy of the nutritional and non-nutritional components of CM. Interestingly, with concerted efforts from the research fraternities, convincing evidence for the better understanding of the claimed traditional health benefits of CM can be foreseen with great enthusiasm and is indeed eagerly anticipated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farheen Badrealam Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (A.R.P.); (I.A.); (K.M.)
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar;
- Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
- Laboratory of Animal Center, Qatar University, Doha 2731, Qatar
| | - Abdul Rasheed Palakott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (A.R.P.); (I.A.); (K.M.)
| | - Irfa Anwar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (A.R.P.); (I.A.); (K.M.)
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim 51431, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (F.A.); (F.F.A.A.)
| | - Mohammad N. Alomary
- National Centre for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim 51431, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (F.A.); (F.F.A.A.)
| | - Faris F. Aba Alkhayl
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim 51431, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (F.A.); (F.F.A.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Colleges, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khalid Muhammad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (A.R.P.); (I.A.); (K.M.)
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Centre of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Jayasimha Rayalu Daddam
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel;
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Sajid Maqsood
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Akli Ayoub
- Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (A.R.P.); (I.A.); (K.M.)
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Han B, Zhang L, Hou Y, Zhong J, Hettinga K, Zhou P. Phosphoproteomics reveals that camel and goat milk improve glucose homeostasis in HDF/STZ-induced diabetic rats through activation of hepatic AMPK and GSK3-GYS axis. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
16
|
Behrouz S, Saadat S, Memarzia A, Sarir H, Folkerts G, Boskabady MH. The Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of Camel Milk. Front Immunol 2022; 13:855342. [PMID: 35493477 PMCID: PMC9039309 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.855342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Camel milk (CM) has been found to have several health benefits, including antiviral, antibacterial, anti-tumor, anti-fungal, antioxidant, hypoglycaemic and anti-cancer activities. In addition, CM can counter signs of aging and may be a useful naturopathic treatment for autoimmune diseases. The composition of CM varies with geographic origin, feeding conditions, seasonal and physiological changes, genetics and camel health status. In the present review, we collate the diverse scientific literature studying antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of CM and its bioactive compounds. The databases Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched until the end of September 2021 using the keywords: camel milk, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of CM in various inflammatory disorders was consistently reported to be through modulating inflammatory cells and mediators. The common anti-inflammatory bioactive components of CM seem to be lactoferrin. The antioxidant effects of α-lactalbumin, β-caseins and vitamin C of CM work by reducing or inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydroxyl radicals, nitric oxide (NO), superoxide anions and peroxyl radicals, likely alleviating oxidative stress. Higher levels of protective proteins such as lysozyme, IgG and secretory IgA compared to cow's milk, and insulin-like protein activity of CM on ß cells appear to be responsible for the immunomodulatory properties of CM. The evidence indicates that CM and its bioactive components has the potential to be a therapeutic value for diseases that are caused by inflammation, oxidative stress and/or immune-dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sepide Behrouz
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeideh Saadat
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arghavan Memarzia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hadi Sarir
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen YZ, Gu J, Chuang WT, Du YF, Zhang L, Lu ML, Xu JY, Li HQ, Liu Y, Feng HT, Li YH, Qin LQ. Slowly Digestible Carbohydrate Diet Ameliorates Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia in High-Fat Diet/Streptozocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:854725. [PMID: 35495933 PMCID: PMC9051025 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.854725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Given that the prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to increase, it is important to find an effective method to prevent or treat this disease. Previous studies have shown that dietary intervention with a slowly digestible carbohydrate (SDC) diet can improve T2DM with almost no side effects. However, the underlying mechanisms of SDC protect against T2DM remains to be elucidated. Methods The T2DM mice model was established with a high-fat diet and streptozocin injection. Then, SDC was administered for 6 weeks. Bodyweight, food intake, organ indices, fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and other biochemical parameters were measured. Histopathological and lipid accumulation analyses were performed, and the glucose metabolism-related gene expressions in the liver and skeletal muscle were determined. Lastly, colonic microbiota was also analyzed. Results SDC intervention alleviated the weight loss in the pancreas, lowered blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels, and improved glucose tolerance and HOMA-IR. SDC intervention improved serum lipid profile, adipocytokines levels, and lowered the lipid accumulation in the liver, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and epididymal visceral adipose tissue. In addition, SDC intervention increased the expression levels of IRS-2 and GLUT-2 in liver tissues and elevated GLUT-4 expression levels in skeletal muscle tissues. Notably, SDC intervention decreased the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, increased Desulfovibrio and Lachnospiraceae genus levels, and inhibited the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria. Conclusions SDC intervention can improve hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia status in diabetic mice, suggesting that this intervention might be beneficial for T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei-Ting Chuang
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Ya-Fang Du
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng-Lan Lu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia-Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hao-Qiu Li
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Hao-Tian Feng
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Hao-Tian Feng
| | - Yun-Hong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Yun-Hong Li
| | - Li-Qiang Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Li-Qiang Qin
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Anwar I, Khan FB, Maqsood S, Ayoub MA. Camel Milk Targeting Insulin Receptor—Toward Understanding the Antidiabetic Effects of Camel Milk. Front Nutr 2022; 8:819278. [PMID: 35223937 PMCID: PMC8864127 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.819278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Camel milk (CM) is known for its beneficial virtues in the human diet and health. This includes its antidiabetic properties demonstrated in many in vitro and in vivo studies. Nevertheless, the scientific rationale behind the molecular and cellular basis of such beneficial effects and the exact antidiabetic agent(s)/mechanism(s) are still elusive. In this review, we focused on the recent advances supporting the targeting of insulin receptor (IR) by CM components. Indeed, our recent work reported that CM proteins and derived peptides pharmacologically target IR in vitro leading to its activation and potentiation of insulin-mediated responses. The review describes the experimental approaches used to investigate the effects of CM on IR in vitro based on the fractionation of CM whey proteins to purify functional proteins and their hydrolysis by gastric proteases to generate bioactive peptides. In addition, we illustrated our cellular and molecular model consisting of studying the functional activity of CM fractions on IR and its downstream signaling pathways in the hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) and the human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells using the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), phosphorylation, and glucose uptake assays. Overall, our work demonstrated for the first time that CM lactoferrin and CM-derived bioactive peptides positively modulate IR and its related signaling pathways in HepG2 and HEK293 cells. As a conclusion, the pharmacological targeting of IR by CM sheds more light on the antidiabetic properties of CM by providing its molecular basis that may constitute a solid rationale for the development of new generation of antidiabetic tools from CM-derived proteins and peptides and the utilization of CM in the management of diabetes. The sequencing and the synthesis of the potent bioactive CM peptides may open promising perspectives for their application as antidiabetic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irfa Anwar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farheen Badrealam Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sajid Maqsood
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, The United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Akli Ayoub
- Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, The United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Mohammed Akli Ayoub
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs Ameliorating Effects on The Metabolic and Hepato-renal Abnormalities in Type 1 Diabetic Rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:1053-1060. [PMID: 35197774 PMCID: PMC8847940 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most serious threats in the 21th century throughout the human population that needs to be addressed cautiously. Nowadays, stem cell injection is considered among the most promising protocols for DM therapy; owing to its marked tissues and organs repair capability. Therefore, our 4 weeks study was undertaken to elucidate the probable beneficial effects of two types of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on metabolism disturbance and some tissue function defects in diabetic rats. Animals were classified into 4 groups; the control group, the diabetic group, the diabetic group received a single dose of adipose tissue-derived MSCs and the diabetic group received a single dose of bone marrow-derived MSCs. Herein, both MSCs treated groups markedly reduced hyperglycemia resulting from diabetes induction via lowering serum glucose and rising insulin and C-peptide levels, compared to the diabetic group. Moreover, the increased lipid fractions levels were reverted back to near normal values as a consequence to MSCs injection compared to the diabetic untreated rats. Furthermore, both MSCs types were found to have hepato-renal protective effects indicated through the decreased serum levels of both liver and kidney functions markers in the treated diabetic rats. Taken together, our results highlighted the therapeutic benefits of both MSCs types in alleviating metabolic anomalies and hepato-renal diabetic complications.
Collapse
Key Words
- AD-MSCs, Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
- AGEs, Advanced glycation end products
- ALP, Alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, Alanine aminotransferase
- AST, Aspartate aminotransferase
- BM-MSCs, Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
- BUN, Blood urea nitrogen
- CD, Cluster of differentiation
- D, Diabetic
- DM, Diabetes mellitus
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- DN, Diabetic nephropathy
- Diabetes
- Diabetic nephropathy
- FBG, Fasting blood glucose
- FBS, Fetal bovine serum
- HDL-C, High-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HO-1, Heme-oxygenase 1
- HbA1c, Glycosylated hemoglobin
- Hyperlipidemia
- IPCs, Insulin producing cells
- ISCT, International Society for Cellular Therapy
- LDL-C, Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- LPO, Lipid peroxidation
- MSCs
- MSCs, Mesenchymal stem cells
- PBS, Phosphate-buffered saline
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- SEM, Standard error of mean
- SPSS, Statistical Package for Social Scientists
- STZ, Streptozotocin
- T1DM, Type 1 diabetes mellitus
- TC, Total cholesterol
- TG, Triglycerides
- TL, Total lipids
- γ-GT, gamma glutamyl transferase
Collapse
|
20
|
Dou Z, Liu C, Feng X, Xie Y, Yue H, Dong J, Zhao Z, Chen G, Yang J. Camel whey protein (CWP) ameliorates liver injury in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats and insulin resistance (IR) in HepG2 cells via activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Food Funct 2022; 13:255-269. [PMID: 34897341 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01174j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This research investigated the effects of camel whey protein (CWP) treatment on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats and insulin resistance (IR) HepG2 cell models. Body weight and fasting blood glucose were observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats every week, and biochemical parameters in serum samples were evaluated after 6 weeks. Antioxidant activity in the liver was estimated, and histological examination of the liver tissues was conducted. After CWP treatment, the glucose uptake and lipid accumulation were examined in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Our results indicated that CWP mitigated the body weight loss, reversed dyslipidemia, and inhibited the inflammatory response, in T2DM rats. Meanwhile, it protected the liver from being injured by reducing the level of oxidative stress. In the CWP group, the pathological changes were significantly reduced, while the liver lobule structure, liver cell arrangement, as well as congestion, edema, and vacuolization were improved. Our results from quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analyses showed that CWP could up-regulate the expression levels of insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2), phosphoinositide3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), and glycogen synthase (GS). An active protein component CWP8 was isolated and identified, which was shown to be able to stimulate glycogen synthesis and ameliorate lipid accumulation in IR HepG2 cells. These data indicate that CWP and CWP8 might act as potential natural products regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Dou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830046, China.
| | - Chen Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830046, China.
| | - Xinhuan Feng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830046, China.
| | - Yutong Xie
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830046, China.
| | - Haitao Yue
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830046, China. .,Xinjiang Camel Industry Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830046, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Xinjiang Bactrian Camel Research Institute, Fuhai, Xinjiang, 836400, China.,Xinjiang Camel Industry Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830046, China
| | - Zhongkai Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830046, China.
| | - Gangliang Chen
- Xinjiang Bactrian Camel Research Institute, Fuhai, Xinjiang, 836400, China.,Xinjiang Camel Industry Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830046, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830046, China. .,Xinjiang Camel Industry Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830046, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Khan FB, Anwar I, Redwan EM, Palakkott A, Ashraf A, Kizhakkayil J, Iratni R, Maqsood S, Akli Ayoub M. Camel and bovine milk lactoferrins activate insulin receptor and its related AKT and ERK1/2 pathways. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:1848-1861. [PMID: 34955280 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is a milk protein that may be an interesting candidate for the antidiabetic properties of milk due to its well-documented bioactivity and implication in diabetes. Here, we investigated the functional action of LF purified from camel and bovine milk (cLF, bLF) on insulin receptors (IR) and their pharmacology and signaling in hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) and human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. For this, we examined IR activation by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) technology and the phosphorylation of its key downstream signaling kinases by western blot. The purified cLF and bLF induced phosphorylation of IR, AKT, and ERK1/2 in HepG2 and HEK293 cells. The BRET assays in HEK293 cells confirm the pharmacological action of cLF and bLF on IR, with a possible allosteric mode of action. This reveals for the first time the bioactivity of LF toward IR function, indicating it as a potential bioactive protein behind the antidiabetic properties of camel milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farheen Badrealam Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Irfa Anwar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Elrashdy M Redwan
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria 21394, Egypt
| | - Abdulrasheed Palakkott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Arshida Ashraf
- Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jaleel Kizhakkayil
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, The United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabah Iratni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sajid Maqsood
- Department of Food Science, College of Food and Agriculture, The United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Akli Ayoub
- Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Zayed Center for Health Sciences, The United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates UAE.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ali Redha A, Valizadenia H, Siddiqui SA, Maqsood S. A state-of-art review on camel milk proteins as an emerging source of bioactive peptides with diverse nutraceutical properties. Food Chem 2021; 373:131444. [PMID: 34717085 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The generation of camel milk derived bioactive peptides (CM-BAPs) have started to grab keen interest of many researchers during the past decade. CM-BAPs have shown more significant bioactive properties in comparison to camel milk intact proteins. CM-BAPs can be obtained using enzyme hydrolysis to form hydrolysates, or by the fermentation process. In this systematic review, 46 research articles exploring the health-related bioactive properties of CM-BAPs through in-vitro and in-vivo studies have been included. CM-BAPs have been reported for their antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, antihypertensive, antibacterial, antibiofilm, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-haemolytic, and anti-hyperpigmentation activities. The effects of factors such as molecular weight of peptides, type of enzyme, enzyme to substrate ratio, hydrolysis temperature and duration have been analysed. The in-vitro studies have provided enough evidence on certain aspects of the pharmacological actives of camel milk bioactive peptides. Nevertheless, the in-vivo studies are very limited, and no clinical studies on CM-BAPs have been reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ali Redha
- Chemistry Department, School of Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom.
| | - Hamidreza Valizadenia
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Semnan Province, Iran
| | - Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Technical University of Munich Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Essigberg 3, 94315 Straubing, Germany; DIL e.V. - German Institute of Food Technologies, D-Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Sajid Maqsood
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; Zayed Centre of Health Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Research Development on Anti-Microbial and Antioxidant Properties of Camel Milk and Its Role as an Anti-Cancer and Anti-Hepatitis Agent. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050788. [PMID: 34067516 PMCID: PMC8156492 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Camel milk is a rich source of vitamin C, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), beta-caseins and milk whey proteins, including lactoferrin, lysozyme, lactoperoxidase, alpha-lactalbumin and immunoglobulin. The lactoferrin plays a key role in several physiological functions, such as conferring antioxidant, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory functions in cells. Similarly, the camel milk alpha-lactalbumin has shown greater antioxidative activity because of its higher antioxidant amino acid residues. The antioxidant properties of camel milk have also been ascribed to the structural conformation of its beta-caseins. Upon hydrolysis, the beta-caseins lead to some bioactive peptides having antioxidant activities. Consequently, the vitamin C in camel milk has a significant antioxidant effect and can be used as a source of vitamin C when the climate is harsh. Furthermore, the lysozyme and immunoglobulins in camel milk have anti-microbial and immune regulatory properties. The LAB isolated from camel milk have a protective role against both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Moreover, the LAB can be used as a probiotic and may restore the oxidative status caused by various pathogenic bacterial infections. Various diseases such as cancer and hepatitis have been associated with oxidative stress. Camel milk could increase antiproliferative effects and regulate antioxidant genes during cancer and hepatitis, hence ameliorating oxidative stress. In the current review, we have illustrated the anti-microbial and antioxidant properties of camel milk in detail. In addition, the anti-cancer and anti-hepatitis properties of camel milk have also been discussed.
Collapse
|
24
|
Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme Inhibition and Antioxidant Activity of Papain-Hydrolyzed Camel Whey Protein and Its Hepato-Renal Protective Effects in Thioacetamide-Induced Toxicity. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020468. [PMID: 33672579 PMCID: PMC7924048 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Papain hydrolysis of camel whey protein (CWP) produced CWP hydrolysate (CWPH). Fractionation of CWPH by the size exclusion chromatography (SEC) generated fractions (i.e., SEC-F1 and SEC-F2). The angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity (ACE-IA) and free radical scavenging actions were assessed for CWP, CWPH, SEC-F1, and SEC-F2. The SEC-F2 exerted the highest ACE-IA and scavenging activities, followed by CWPH. The protective effects of CWPH on thioacetamide (TAA)-induced toxicity were investigated in rats. The liver enzymes, protein profile, lipid profile, antioxidant enzyme activities, renal functions, and liver histopathological changes were assessed. Animals with TAA toxicity showed impaired hepatorenal functions, hyperlipidemia, and decreased antioxidant capacity. Treatment by CWPH counteracted the TAA-induced oxidative tissue damage as well as preserved the renal and liver functions, the antioxidative enzyme activities, and the lipid profile, compared to the untreated animals. The current findings demonstrate that the ACE-IA and antioxidative effects of CWPH and its SEC-F2 fraction are worth noting. In addition, the CWPH antioxidative properties counteracted the toxic hepatorenal dysfunctions. It is concluded that the hydrolysis of CWP generates a wide range of bioactive peptides with potent antihypertensive, antioxidant, and hepatorenal protective properties. This opens up new prospects for the therapeutic utilization of CWPH and its fractions in the treatment of oxidative stress-associated health problems, e.g., hypertension and hepatorenal failure.
Collapse
|