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Prim JG, Casaro S, Mirzaei A, Gonzalez TD, de Oliveira EB, Veronese A, Chebel RC, Santos JEP, Jeong KC, Lima FS, Menta PR, Machado VS, Galvão KN. Application of behavior data to predictive exploratory models of metritis self-cure and treatment failure in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:4881-4894. [PMID: 38310966 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the performance of exploratory models containing routinely available on-farm data, behavior data, and the combination of both to predict metritis self-cure (SC) and treatment failure (TF). Holstein cows (n = 1,061) were fitted with a collar-mounted automated-health monitoring device (AHMD) from -21 ± 3 to 60 ± 3 d relative to calving to monitor rumination time and activity. Cows were examined for diagnosis of metritis at 4 ± 1, 7 ± 1, and 9 ± 1 d in milk (DIM). Cows diagnosed with metritis (n = 132), characterized by watery, fetid, reddish/brownish vaginal discharge (VD), were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 treatments: control (CON; n = 62), no treatment at the time of metritis diagnosis (d 0); or ceftiofur (CEF; n = 70), subcutaneous injection of 6.6 mg/kg of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid on d 0 and 3 relative to diagnosis. Cure was determined 12 d after diagnosis and was considered when VD became mucoid and not fetid. Cows in CON were used to determine SC, and cows in CEF were used to determine TF. Univariable analyses were performed using farm-collected data (parity, calving season, calving-related disorders, body condition score, rectal temperature, and DIM at metritis diagnosis) and behavior data (i.e., daily averages of rumination time, activity generated by AHMD, and derived variables) to assess their association with metritis SC or TF. Variables with P-values ≤0.20 were included in the multivariable logistic regression exploratory models. To predict SC, the area under the curve (AUC) for the exploratory model containing only data routinely available on-farm was 0.75. The final exploratory model to predict SC combining routinely available on-farm data and behavior data increased the AUC to 0.87, with sensitivity (Se) of 89% and specificity (Sp) of 77%. To predict TF, the AUC for the exploratory model containing only data routinely available on-farm was 0.90. The final exploratory model combining routinely available on-farm data and behavior data increased the AUC to 0.93, with Se of 93% and Sp of 87%. Cross-validation analysis revealed that generalizability of the exploratory models was poor, which indicates that the findings are applicable to the conditions of the present exploratory study. In summary, the addition of behavior data contributed to increasing the prediction of SC and TF. Developing and validating accurate prediction models for SC could lead to a reduction in antimicrobial use, whereas accurate prediction of cows that would have TF may allow for better management decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G Prim
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Segundo Casaro
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Ahmadreza Mirzaei
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Tomas D Gonzalez
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | | | - Anderson Veronese
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Ricardo C Chebel
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - J E P Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - K C Jeong
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610; Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - F S Lima
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Paulo R Menta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
| | - Vinicius S Machado
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
| | - Klibs N Galvão
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610.
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Davidson BD, Zambon AA, Guadagnin AR, Hoppmann A, Larsen GA, Sherlock DN, Luchini D, Apelo SIA, Laporta J. Rumen-protected methionine supplementation during the transition period under artificially induced heat stress: impacts on cow-calf performance. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00898-1. [PMID: 38851569 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Dairy cows experiencing heat stress (HS) during the pre-calving portion of the transition period give birth to smaller calves and produce less milk and milk protein. Supplementation of rumen-protected methionine (RPM) has been shown to modulate protein, energy, and placenta metabolism, making it a potential candidate to ameliorate HS effects. We investigated the effects of supplementing RPM to transition cows under HS induced by electric heat blanket (EHB) on cow-calf performance. Six weeks before expected calving, 53 Holstein cows were housed in a tie-stall barn and fed a control diet (CON, 2.2% Met of MP) or a CON diet supplemented with Smartamine®M (MET, 2.6% Met of MP, Adisseo Inc., France). Four weeks pre-calving, all MET and half CON cows were fitted with an EHB. The other half of the CON cows were considered thermoneutral (TN), resulting in 3 treatments: CONTN (n = 19), CONHS (n = 17), and METHS (n = 17). Respiratory rate (RR), skin temperature (ST), and rectal temperature (RT) were measured thrice weekly and core body temperatures recorded bi-weekly. Post-calving body weights (BW) and BCS were recorded weekly, and DMI was calculated and averaged weekly. Milk yield was recorded daily and milk components were analyzed every third DIM. Biweekly AA and weekly nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), insulin, and glucose were measured from plasma. Calf birth weight and 24 h growth, thermoregulation, and hematology profile were measured and apparent efficiency of absorption (AEA) of immunoglobulins was calculated. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with 2 preplanned orthogonal contrasts: CONTN vs. the average of CONHS and METHS (C1) and CONHS vs. METHS (C2). Relative to TN, EHB cows had increased RT during the post-calving weeks and increased RR and ST during the entire transition period. Body weight, BCS, DMI, and milk yield were not impacted by the EHB or RPM. However, protein % and SNF were lower in CONHS, relative to METHS cows. At calving, METHS dams had higher glucose concentrations, relative to CONHS, and during the post-calving weeks, the EHB cows had lower NEFA concentrations than TN cows. Calf birthweight and AEA were reduced by HS, while RR was increased by HS. Calf withers height tended to be shorter and RT were lower in CONHS, compared with MTHS heifers. Overall, RPM supplementation to transition cows reverts the negative impact of HS on blood glucose concentration at calving and milk protein % in the dams and increases wither height while decreasing RT in the calf.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Davidson
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI †Adisseo USA Inc., Alpharetta, GA, USA
| | - A A Zambon
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI †Adisseo USA Inc., Alpharetta, GA, USA
| | - A R Guadagnin
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI †Adisseo USA Inc., Alpharetta, GA, USA
| | - A Hoppmann
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI †Adisseo USA Inc., Alpharetta, GA, USA
| | - G A Larsen
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI †Adisseo USA Inc., Alpharetta, GA, USA
| | - D N Sherlock
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI †Adisseo USA Inc., Alpharetta, GA, USA
| | - D Luchini
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI †Adisseo USA Inc., Alpharetta, GA, USA
| | - S I Arriola Apelo
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI †Adisseo USA Inc., Alpharetta, GA, USA
| | - J Laporta
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI †Adisseo USA Inc., Alpharetta, GA, USA.
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Stingelin LA, Schell CE, Palmeira M, Araujo GDM, Casas BAD, Moreira F, Alvarado-Rincón JA, Schneider A, Peripolli V, Schwegler E. Metabolic and productive parameters of lactating dairy cows under heat stress conditions supplemented with plant polyphenol extract. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:176. [PMID: 38795263 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-04031-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
The impact of heat stress on dairy cattle leads to significant economic losses and a negative impact on the welfare of the animals. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the nutritional additive (Thermoplus®) in dairy cows under postpartum heat stress conditions, and its effects on the metabolic profile, production and quality of milk. Eighteen lactating Holstein cows (8 multiparous and ten primiparous), in a free-stall system, with a mean body condition score (BCS) of 3.14 ± 0.05, live weight of 624.55 ± 18, 61 kg, with initial mean days in milk (DIM) of 90 ± 10.11, were selected. The animals were grouped into a control (CG, n = 9) and a treatment (TG, n = 9). Both groups underwent 14 days of diet adaptation, the TG received the basal diet supplemented with 50 g of the additive, once a day, individually, while the control group received only the total diet. Data collection of metabolic and productive parameters were evaluated on days -14 (before adaptation), 1 (after the diet adaptation period), 16, 30, and 44. Milk, blood, and body condition score (BCS) were collected once a day, and heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature were collected twice a day. Serum concentrations of albumin, calcium, magnesium, glucose, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) were evaluated. In the milk, the percentage of fat, protein, lactose, and total solids were determined in each sampling. Milk yield was measured daily. Humidity and ambient temperature values were collected on the days of the collection every 30 min, from 5:30 am to 5:00 pm, to calculate the temperature-humidity index (THI). Statistical analyzes were performed using the SAS software (version 9.3, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). The THI ranged from 62.22 to 79.47. Our findings showed that when the THI was greater than 72, the animals in the TG were able to maintain milk yield (Odds ratio (OD) = -0.0577,), and the animals in the CG had a greater chance of reducing it (OD = -0.2301). Multiparous cows in the TG had higher milk yield than CG (32.57 ± 0.34 vs 30.50 ± 0.36 kg per day; P = 0.0078) and lower SCC (34.110 ± 6,940 vs 665.50 ± 214.41 cells per ml; P = 0.03), with the same percentages of total solids (P > 0.05). In multiparous metabolic markers, TG when compared CG had higher albumin concentrations (2.50 ± 0.07 vs 2.12 ± 0.07 g/dl; < 0.001), equal PON-1 (P > 0.05), and higher BHBA levels (0.49 ± 0.03 vs 0.39 ± 0.04 mmol/l). Primiparous from the CG had higher concentrations of NEFA (0.18 ± 0.02 mmol/l) than multiparous from the same group (0.09 ± 0.02 mmol/l) P = 0.0265. The use of the plant polyphenol extract in postpartum Holstein cows challenged by heat stress had beneficial effects on the production and health of the mammary gland in multiparous cows without decreasing milk solids. The non-reduction of the activities of the acute phase proteins indicates an immunomodulatory and inflammatory-reducing effect of the product used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Adnauer Stingelin
- Professional Master's Degree in Animal Production and Health (PPGPSA), Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brazil
- CCPA Group France, Janze, Breizh, France
| | | | - Maila Palmeira
- Professional Master's Degree in Animal Production and Health (PPGPSA), Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brazil
- Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fabiana Moreira
- Professional Master's Degree in Animal Production and Health (PPGPSA), Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brazil
- Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vanessa Peripolli
- Professional Master's Degree in Animal Production and Health (PPGPSA), Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brazil
- Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Schwegler
- Professional Master's Degree in Animal Production and Health (PPGPSA), Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brazil.
- Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brazil.
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Van Soest BJ, Matson RD, Santschi DE, Duffield TF, Steele MA, Orsel K, Pajor EA, Penner GB, Mutsvangwa T, DeVries TJ. Farm-level risk factors associated with increased milk β-hydroxybutyrate and hyperketolactia prevalence on farms with automated milking systems. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00824-5. [PMID: 38788836 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the farm-level hyperketolactia (HKL) prevalence, as diagnosed from milk β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration, on dairy farms milking with an automatic milking system (AMS) and to describe the farm-level housing, management, and nutritional risk factors associated with increased farm-average milk BHB and the within-herd HKL prevalence in the first 45 DIM. Canadian AMS farms (n = 162; eastern Canada n = 8, Quebec n = 23, Ontario n = 75, western Canada n = 55) were visited once between April to September 2019 to record housing and herd management practices. The first test milk data for each cow under 45 DIM were collected, along with the final test of the previous lactations for all multiparous cows, from April 1, 2019 to September 30, 2020. The first test milk BHB was then used to classify each individual cow as having HKL (milk BHB ≥ 0.15 mmol/L) at the time of testing. Milk fat and protein content, milk BHB, and HKL prevalence were summarized by farm and lactation group (all, primiparous, and multiparous). During this same time period, formulated diets for dry and lactating cows, including ingredients and nutrient composition, and AMS milking data were collected. Data from the AMS were used to determine milking behaviors and milk production of each herd during the first 45 DIM. Multivariable regression models were used to associate herd-level housing, feeding management practices, and formulated nutrient composition with first test milk BHB concentrations and within-herd HKL levels separately for primiparous and multiparous cows. The within-herd HKL prevalence for all cows was 21.8%, with primiparous cows having a lower mean prevalence (12.2 ± 9.2%) than multiparous cows (26.6 ± 11.3%). Milk BHB concentration (0.095 ± 0.018 mmol/L) and HKL prevalence for primiparous cows were positively associated with formulated prepartum DMI and forage content of the dry cow diet while being negatively associated with formulated postpartum DMI, the major ingredient in the concentrate supplemented through the AMS, and the PMR-to-AMS concentrate ratio. However, multiparous cows' milk BHB concentration (0.12 ± 0.023 mmol/L) and HKL prevalence were positively associated with the length of the previous lactation, milk BHB at dry off, prepartum diet nonfiber carbohydrate content, and the major forage fed on farm, while tending to be negatively associated with feed bunk space during lactation. This is the first study to determine the farm-level risk factors associated with herd-level prevalence of HKL in AMS dairy herds, thus helping optimize management and guide diet formulation to promote the reduction of HKL prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Van Soest
- Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G1Y2
| | - R D Matson
- Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G1Y2
| | - D E Santschi
- Lactanet, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada, H9X3R4
| | - T F Duffield
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G1Y2
| | - M A Steele
- Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G1Y2
| | - K Orsel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N4Z6
| | - E A Pajor
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N4Z6
| | - G B Penner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada, S7N5A8
| | - T Mutsvangwa
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada, S7N5A8
| | - T J DeVries
- Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G1Y2.
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Uyarlar C, Rahman A, Ozcinar U, Cetingul İS, Gultepe EE, Bayram I. Effect of Myrtus communis L. Plant Extract as a Milk Supplement on the Performance, Selected Blood Parameters and Immune Response of Holstein Calves. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:725. [PMID: 38473110 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to understand the effects of adding myrtle plant extract obtained from its leaves (MPEL) and roots (MPER) to the milk fed to suckling female Holstein calves, focusing on performance, reproduction, selected blood parameters and immune response. The 50 Holstein female calves, one week of age, were divided into five groups: one group received no plant extract (Control), while the others were supplemented with myrtle plant extracts at doses of 25 mL/day leaf extract (MPEL-25), 25 mL/day root extract (MPER-25), 50 mL/day leaf extract (MPEL-50) and 50 mL/day root extract (MPER-50) for each calf in each treatment group. The extracts were given along with the milk to the experimental groups for 60 days, and for an additional 12 days post-weaning. The results reveal that the feed consumption and live weights increased significantly. Significantly higher leukocyte counts were observed in the 50 mL/head × day myrtle groups, and a higher IgG concentration was also noted in the MPER-50 group compared to the other groups. The serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration significantly decreased in the MPEL-50 and MPER-50 groups, whereas the betahyrdoxy butyric acid (BHBA) concentration increased and the serum glucose concentration significantly decreased with myrtle supplementation. In conclusion, it was determined that the performance, immune system and negative energy balance compensation of female Holstein calves were positively affected by administering extracts obtained from the leaves and roots of the Myrtus communis L. plant at dose levels of 25 and 50 mL/head × day for 72 days, without causing any side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cangir Uyarlar
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03204 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Abdur Rahman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Umit Ozcinar
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03204 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Sadi Cetingul
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03204 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Eyup Eren Gultepe
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03204 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ismail Bayram
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03204 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Uyarlar C, Rahman A, Gultepe EE, Cetingul IS, Bayram I. Effect of a Dietary Essential Oil Blend in Dairy Cows during the Dry and Transition Period on Blood and Metabolic Parameters of Dams and Their Calves. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:150. [PMID: 38200882 PMCID: PMC10777958 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cows face severe challenges of immunosuppression and negative energy balance during transition periods. The current study was designed to investigate the effects of essential oil blend supplementation in dairy cow's ration during dry periods on the health of the cow and calf. In the current study, 45 dry Holstein dairy cows were divided into three groups, each consisting of 15 animals. The control group was without any supplementation; the positive control group was only injected with 0.2 mg/kg levamisole (intramuscular) at 2 months before parturition and 1 month before parturition; and the treatment group was supplemented with 3 g/day for each cow essential oil blend mixed in total mixed ration (TMR). A mixed vaccine against E. coli, Rotavirus, and Coronavirus was administered to all cows before 42 days and after 21 days of calving. The day of the calving of the animal was accepted as day 0. Blood samples were collected from the coccygeal vein of all cows at -60, -45, -30, -15, -7, 0, 1 and 2 days, and the colostrum samples were taken on days 0, 1, and 2. Blood samples were also collected from the jugular vein (V. Jugularis) of the newborn calves on days 0, 1, and 2. The results of the hematological parameters revealed no difference in the total red blood cell count, hemoglobin amount, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, PLT, MPV, and PCT values in both prenatal and postnatal blood of the cows (p > 0.05). In terms of immunological parameters, the total IgG level was significantly higher in the experimental group on the 7th day before birth compared to the other two groups, while the total leukocyte count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count and granulocyte counts were found to be lower after birth (p < 0005). Blood NEFA and BHBA levels were also lower in the experimental group compared to the other two groups (p < 0.005), and the blood glucose level was not different (p > 0.05). In calves, no difference was found between the groups in any of the parameters examined (p > 0.05). It is concluded that the dietary addition of an essential oil blend during the transition period enhanced the immune status and energy metabolism of cows without any effect on the health status of newborn calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cangir Uyarlar
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, ANS Campus, Afyonkarahisar 03000, Turkey; (C.U.); (E.E.G.); (I.S.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Abdur Rahman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang Campus, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Eyup Eren Gultepe
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, ANS Campus, Afyonkarahisar 03000, Turkey; (C.U.); (E.E.G.); (I.S.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Ibrahim Sadi Cetingul
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, ANS Campus, Afyonkarahisar 03000, Turkey; (C.U.); (E.E.G.); (I.S.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Ismail Bayram
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, ANS Campus, Afyonkarahisar 03000, Turkey; (C.U.); (E.E.G.); (I.S.C.); (I.B.)
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Mekuriaw Y. Negative energy balance and its implication on productive and reproductive performance of early lactating dairy cows: review paper. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2023.2176859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeshambel Mekuriaw
- Department of Animal Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
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Huang B, Khan MZ, Kou X, Chen Y, Liang H, Ullah Q, Khan N, Khan A, Chai W, Wang C. Enhancing Metabolism and Milk Production Performance in Periparturient Dairy Cattle through Rumen-Protected Methionine and Choline Supplementation. Metabolites 2023; 13:1080. [PMID: 37887405 PMCID: PMC10608895 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
For dairy cattle to perform well throughout and following lactations, precise dietary control during the periparturient phase is crucial. The primary issues experienced by periparturient dairy cows include issues like decreased dry matter intake (DMI), a negative energy balance, higher levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and the ensuing inferior milk output. Dairy cattle have always been fed a diet high in crude protein (CP) to produce the most milk possible. Despite the vital function that dairy cows play in the conversion of dietary CP into milk, a sizeable percentage of nitrogen is inevitably expelled, which raises serious environmental concerns. To reduce nitrogen emissions and their production, lactating dairy cows must receive less CP supplementation. Supplementing dairy cattle with rumen-protected methionine (RPM) and choline (RPC) has proven to be a successful method for improving their ability to use nitrogen, regulate their metabolism, and produce milk. The detrimental effects of low dietary protein consumption on the milk yield, protein yield, and dry matter intake may be mitigated by these nutritional treatments. In metabolic activities like the synthesis of sulfur-containing amino acids and methylation reactions, RPM and RPC are crucial players. Methionine, a limiting amino acid, affects the production of milk protein and the success of lactation in general. According to the existing data in the literature, methionine supplementation has a favorable impact on the pathways that produce milk. Similarly, choline is essential for DNA methylation, cell membrane stability, and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, RPC supplementation during the transition phase improves dry matter intake, postpartum milk yield, and fat-corrected milk (FCM) production. This review provides comprehensive insights into the roles of RPM and RPC in optimizing nitrogen utilization, metabolism, and enhancing milk production performance in periparturient dairy cattle, offering valuable strategies for sustainable dairy farming practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjian Huang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Muhammad Zahoor Khan
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan 29220, Pakistan
| | - Xiyan Kou
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Yinghui Chen
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Huili Liang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Qudrat Ullah
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan 29220, Pakistan
| | - Nadar Khan
- Livestock and Dairy Development (Research) Department Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khan
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 511464, China
| | - Wenqiong Chai
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Changfa Wang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
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9
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Wang W, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Li C, Yuan L, Zhang D, Zhao Y, Li X, Cheng J, Lin C, Zhao L, Wang J, Xu D, Yue X, Li W, Wen X, Jiang Z, Ding X, Salekdeh GH, Li F. Heritability and recursive influence of host genetics on the rumen microbiota drive body weight variance in male Hu sheep lambs. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:197. [PMID: 37644504 PMCID: PMC10463499 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01642-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heritable rumen microbiota is an important modulator of ruminant growth performance. However, no information exists to date on host genetics-rumen microbiota interactions and their association with phenotype in sheep. To solve this, we curated and analyzed whole-genome resequencing genotypes, 16S rumen-microbiota data, and longitudinal body weight (BW) phenotypes from 1150 sheep. RESULTS A variance component model indicated significant heritability of rumen microbial community diversity. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using microbial features as traits identified 411 loci-taxon significant associations (P < 10-8). We found a heritability of 39% for 180-day-old BW, while also the rumen microbiota likely played a significant role, explaining that 20% of the phenotypic variation. Microbiota-wide association studies (MWAS) and GWAS identified four marker genera (Bonferroni corrected P < 0.05) and five novel genetic variants (P < 10-8) that were significantly associated with BW. Integrative analysis identified the mediating role of marker genera in genotype influencing phenotype and unravelled that the same genetic markers have direct and indirect effects on sheep weight. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a reciprocal interplay among host genetic variations, the rumen microbiota and the body weight traits of sheep. The information obtained provide insights into the diverse microbiota characteristics of rumen and may help in designing precision microbiota management strategies for controlling and manipulating sheep rumen microbiota to increase productivity. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yukun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Chong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Lvfeng Yuan
- Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Deyin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangbo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Changchun Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Dan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangpeng Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuxiu Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University (WSU), Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Xuezhi Ding
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | | | - Fadi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Kia S, Mohri M, Seifi HA. Association of precalving serum NEFA concentrations with postpartum diseases and reproductive performance in multiparous Holstein cows: Cut-off values. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:1757-1763. [PMID: 37470106 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High concentrations of NEFA relative to a defined reference or 'cut-point' values before calving can predict the risk of specific or collective periparturient disease events. OBJECTIVES A field-based cohort study was conducted to evaluate the value and critical points of serum nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) at the precalving time to predict the occurrence of postpartum diseases and reproductive performance in dairy cows. METHODS Blood samples were taken from 521 high-yielding dairy cows at 1 week (±3 days) before calving and NEFA levels were measured. Health and reproduction information of each cow includes dystocia, retained placenta, milk fever, metritis, mastitis, pregnancy in the first insemination and pregnancy in the first two inseminations, and culling in the first 60 days of lactation and milk production. RESULTS Our results show that there are significant relationships between precalving NEFA with the probability of pregnancy at the first and the first two inseminations after calving. The cows that had NEFA concentrations less than 0.5 mmol/L at the last week of pregnancy were 3.51 and 3.15 times more likely to be pregnant at first insemination and the first two inseminations, respectively. Also, our results showed that there are significant relationships between precalving NEFA concentration and the likelihood of dystocia and milk fever. The probability of dystocia and milk fever occurrence were 2.56 and 1.91 times greater in those cows that had NEFA concentrations more than 0.3 mmol/L, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present results indicated that Increasing NEFA during the prepartum period could adversely affect the reproductive efficiency of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Kia
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Mohri
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Center of Excellence in Ruminant Abortion and Neonatal Mortality, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hesam A Seifi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Center of Excellence in Ruminant Abortion and Neonatal Mortality, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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11
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Roche J. Transition Management in Grazing Systems: Pragmatism Before Precision. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2023; 39:325-336. [PMID: 37164520 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Grazing cows undergo a similar degree of metabolic stress and immune dysregulation to those reported in high-yielding housed cows consuming total mixed rations, but the ability to manage daily nutrient intake is much less. Feed quality varies from day-to-day and weather can greatly influence amount consumed on any given day. Transition cow management, therefore, tends to revolve around pragmatism as opposed to precision. Mid- and late-gestation management of body condition score is essential to a smooth transition period.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Roche
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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12
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Choudhary S, LaCasse M, Choudhary RK, Rincon M, Beitz DC, Testroet ED. In Vivo and In Vitro Expression of iC1, a Methylation-Controlled J Protein (MCJ) in Bovine Liver, and Response to In Vitro Bovine Fatty Liver Disease Model. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061101. [PMID: 36978641 PMCID: PMC10044121 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial complex I inhibitor (iC1) is a methylation-controlled J protein (MCJ) that decreases cellular respiration by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Recent rodent studies showed that loss or inhibition of iC1 was associated with preventing lipid accumulation. A common metabolic disorder of dairy cattle is a fatty liver disease (FLD), which often occurs during the periparturient period. In humans and rodents, iC1 is expressed in the liver and acts as a mitochondrial “brake”. However, iC1 expression in bovine liver and its possible role in FLD development have not yet been characterized. We hypothesized that iC1 is expressed in the bovine liver and that the expression of iC1 is correlated with FLD in periparturient dairy cattle. To test this hypothesis, we collected bovine liver tissue samples from an abattoir and isolated primary hepatic cells immediately following harvest. Utilizing an in vitro model of bovine FLD developed in our laboratory, we cultured primary hepatic cells in low-glucose DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS. The basal media was made to induce lipid accumulation and cytotoxicity in the primary liver cells with three treatments. To the basal media (control) we added 0.4 mM palmitate (treatment 1) or 20 ng/mL TNFα (treatment 2), or both 0.4 mM palmitate and 20 ng/mL TNFα (treatment 3). Consistent with our hypothesis, we present the novel characterization of iC1 expression in primary bovine liver cells cultured with or without the addition of lipotoxic factors made to emulate bovine FLD. We demonstrate both in situ and in vitro expression of iC1 in bovine liver and mRNA expression in hepatic cells and in the precipitates of conditioned media. The results of RT-qPCR, IHC, and western blot all demonstrated the expression of iC1 in bovine liver. In addition, we isolated precipitates of conditioned media further demonstrated iC1 expression by RT-qPCR. The transcript of iC1 tended to be more concentrated (4-fold; p > 0.05) in TNFα-treated conditioned media when compared with the control. Taken together, we present the novel finding that iC1 transcript and protein are expressed in liver tissue from dairy cattle, primary hepatic cells isolated from that liver tissue, and, finally, in the conditioned media derived from those cells. These novel findings and the prior findings on the role of iC1 in rodents and humans indicate that further investigation of the role of iC1 in the etiology and pathology of FLD in periparturient dairy cows is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti Choudhary
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05446, USA
| | - Michelle LaCasse
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05446, USA
| | - Ratan Kumar Choudhary
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05446, USA
| | - Mercedes Rincon
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Donald C. Beitz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Eric D. Testroet
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05446, USA
- Correspondence:
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13
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Barden M, Phelan MM, Hyde R, Anagnostopoulos A, Griffiths BE, Bedford C, Green M, Psifidi A, Banos G, Oikonomou G. Serum 1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics of sole lesion development in Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:2667-2684. [PMID: 36870845 PMCID: PMC10073068 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Sole hemorrhage and sole ulcers, referred to as sole lesions, are important causes of lameness in dairy cattle. We aimed to compare the serum metabolome of dairy cows that developed sole lesions in early lactation with that of cows that remained unaffected. We prospectively enrolled a cohort of 1,169 Holstein dairy cows from a single dairy herd and assessed animals at 4 time points: before calving, immediately after calving, early lactation, and late lactation. Sole lesions were recorded by veterinary surgeons at each time point, and serum samples were collected at the first 3 time points. Cases were defined by the presence of sole lesions in early lactation and further subdivided by whether sole lesions had been previously recorded; unaffected controls were randomly selected to match cases. Serum samples from a case-control subset of 228 animals were analyzed with proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Spectral signals, corresponding to 34 provisionally annotated metabolites and 51 unlabeled metabolites, were analyzed in subsets relating to time point, parity cohort, and sole lesion outcome. We used 3 analytic methods (partial least squares discriminant analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, and random forest) to determine the predictive capacity of the serum metabolome and identify informative metabolites. We applied bootstrapped selection stability, triangulation, and permutation to support the inference of variable selection. The average balanced accuracy of class prediction ranged from 50 to 62% depending on the subset. Across all 17 subsets, 20 variables had a high probability of being informative; those with the strongest evidence of being associated with sole lesions corresponded to phenylalanine and 4 unlabeled metabolites. We conclude that the serum metabolome, as characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, does not appear able to predict sole lesion presence or future development of lesions. A small number of metabolites may be associated with sole lesions although, given the poor prediction accuracies, these metabolites are likely to explain only a small proportion of the differences between affected and unaffected animals. Future metabolomic studies may reveal underlying metabolic mechanisms of sole lesion etiopathogenesis in dairy cows; however, the experimental design and analysis need to effectively control for interanimal and extraneous sources of spectral variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Barden
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Liverpool, CH64 7TE, United Kingdom.
| | - Marie M Phelan
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom; High Field NMR Facility, Liverpool Shared Research Facilities University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Hyde
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Alkiviadis Anagnostopoulos
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Liverpool, CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - Bethany E Griffiths
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Liverpool, CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - Cherry Bedford
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Liverpool, CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Green
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Androniki Psifidi
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - Georgios Banos
- Animal & Veterinary Sciences, SRUC, Roslin Institute Building, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Georgios Oikonomou
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Liverpool, CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
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14
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Alhussien MN, Dang AK, Bu D. Editorial: Strategies for mitigating the transition period stress in dairy cattle. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1157526. [PMID: 36937012 PMCID: PMC10018158 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1157526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohanned Naif Alhussien
- Reproductive Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- *Correspondence: Mohanned Naif Alhussien
| | - Ajay Kumar Dang
- Lactation and Immuno-Physiology Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Dengpan Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Masoumi Pour MM, Foroudi F, Karimi N, Abedini MR, Karimi K. Effect of Anionic and Zeolite Supplements and Oral Calcium Bolus in Prepartum Diets on Feed Intake, Milk Yield and Milk Compositions, Plasma Ca Concentration, Blood Metabolites and the Prevalence of Some Reproductive Disorders in Fresh Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:3059. [PMID: 36359182 PMCID: PMC9656836 DOI: 10.3390/ani12213059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypocalcaemia is an important disorder associated with an increased risk of metabolic diseases, and many studies have been going on for decades. This study investigated the effects of anionic and zeolite with an oral Ca bolus in the prepartum phase on milk yields and compositions, and plasma Ca concentrations, blood metabolites and the prevalence of some reproductive disorders in dairy cows after parturition. Ninety pregnant non-lactating Holstein-Friesian cows were randomly assigned to three isoenergetic diets and their counterparts using an oral Ca bolus: (1) Control (CON): low Ca (0.44%); (2) Anionic (ANI): high Ca (1.00%); (3) Zeolite (ZEO): low Ca (0.44%). The feed and energy intakes of the CON and ZEO groups were higher than the ANI group. The raw milk yield, Pr%, and feed efficiency did not differ between the groups, while the corrected milk yield, fat% and total corrected milk yield at 305 days differed between groups. Total plasma and the ionized Ca concentration of the ANI and ZEO groups, at calving time and in 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after that, were higher than in the CON group. The frequencies of hypocalcaemia and reproductive disorders in the ANI and ZEO groups were lower than in the CON. The blood metabolite levels in the CON group were higher than in other groups. In conclusion, the ANI and ZEO diets and their counterparts supplemented with an oral Ca bolus improved the milk production traits, plasma calcium and metabolites concentration and also effectively prevented reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farhad Foroudi
- Department of Animal Science, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin 33817-74895, Iran
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16
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Janovick NA, Dann HM, Loor JJ, Drackley JK. Prepartum dietary energy intake alters hepatic expression of genes related to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and inflammation in peripartal dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:8069-8086. [PMID: 36028348 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We determined the effect of prepartum plane of energy intake on liver function and metabolism pre- and postpartum by combining in vivo and in vitro data with mRNA expression data. A subset of multiparous prepartal Holsteins (n = 18) from a previously conducted experiment consumed 1 of 3 amounts of dietary energy intake, relative to their requirements. A diet formulated to allow consumption of ≥150% of net energy requirements during the far-off dry period and the close-up dry period was fed for ad libitum intake (150E) or in restricted amounts so that cows consumed 80% of requirements for energy (80E). A second diet was formulated to include wheat straw (26.1% of dry matter) to limit energy intake to 100% of NRC (2001) requirements for energy when fed ad libitum during the far-off period (100E). In the close-up period, 100E was fed the 150E diet for ad libitum intake. Expression of mRNA for genes related to fatty acid oxidation (PPARA, CPT1A, ACOX1) was greater for 100E cows than 150E cows on d 14 postpartum. These expression patterns were related to in vitro data for conversion of palmitate to CO2, acid-soluble products, and esterified products by liver slices. Abundance of mRNA for PC displayed a sharp peak for all groups on d 1 postpartum, but serum glucose did not reflect this peak. The mRNA expression of SREBF1 was greater for 150E and 100E cows prepartum compared with 80E, and was positively related to rate of palmitate esterification postpartum. Expression of NR1H3 (LXRA) mRNA was greater for 100E cows on d 14 postpartum compared with 150E cows, which corresponded to expression of PPARA. An inflammatory response occurred in the liver around the time of parturition for 150E cows, as expression of IL1B was elevated both pre- and postpartum compared with 100E cows. The spike in IL1B expression for 150E cows on d 14 postpartum corresponded to the peak concentration of total lipids in liver tissue for all groups in this experiment. Overconsumption of energy prepartum was detrimental to the expression of important genes related to PPAR and liver function, especially postpartum. Furthermore, results provide evidence for inflammation related to accumulation of lipids in liver and overnutrition prepartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Janovick
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 61801
| | - H M Dann
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 61801
| | - J J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 61801
| | - J K Drackley
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 61801.
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17
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Richards BF, Vasquez JA, Perfield KL, Kvidera SK, Drackley JK. Rumen effects of monensin in dry cow diets varying in energy density. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:8008-8015. [PMID: 35965123 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Controversy has existed as to whether monensin will provide equal or differential benefits in a higher-energy, lower-roughage close-up diet versus a higher-roughage, lower-energy diet. Our objective was to determine the rumen effects of a controlled-energy, high-fiber diet balanced to meet but not greatly exceed energy requirements during the dry period or a traditional 2-group approach of higher-energy close-up diet. The effects of added monensin in each diet type were determined. Multiparous Holstein cows (n = 17) were fitted surgically with ruminal cannulas. During the first 4 wk of the dry period, all cows were fed a controlled-energy, high-fiber diet (CE) as a total mixed ration for ad libitum intake. During the last 3 wk before calving, half of the cows were switched to a higher-energy, close-up diet until calving (CU), whereas the other half continued to receive the CE diet. Within each dietary group, half of the cows received monensin (MON) supplementation in the diet (24.2 g/t of total dry matter) and half did not (CON). After calving, all cows received the same lactation diet containing monensin (15.4 g/t of dietary dry matter). At 14 d prepartum, dry matter intake was not different across treatments. The weight of rumen contents was greater for cows fed CE. Rumen liquid dilution rate, solids passage rate, pH, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations, molar proportions of acetate and propionate, and papillae length did not differ among diets. Butyrate percentage tended to be greater for cows fed CE. Postpartum, dry matter intake, mass of rumen contents, solids passage rate, pH, total VFA concentration, molar percentages of propionate and butyrate, and papillae length did not differ among treatments. Liquid dilution rate (16.6, 10.7, 16.0, and 18.2%/h for CE + CON, CE + MON, CU + CON, and CU + MON, respectively) was affected by a diet × monensin interaction. Cows on the CE + CON diet had a greater ruminal proportion of acetate than did cows fed CU + CON, whereas cows fed monensin on either diet were intermediate (diet × monensin interaction). Addition of MON to the CU diet decreased the proportion of propionate (diet × monensin interaction). Cows fed CE had greater mass of rumen contents before parturtition but the high inclusion of wheat straw in the CE diet did not negatively affect rumen papillae length. Monensin inclusion differentially affected liquid passage rate and VFA concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Richards
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - J A Vasquez
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | | | | | - J K Drackley
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
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18
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Relationships between Milk and Blood Biochemical Parameters and Metabolic Status in Dairy Cows during Lactation. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080733. [PMID: 36005606 PMCID: PMC9412388 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine blood and milk metabolic parameters and their correlations for the purpose of evaluating metabolic status in dairy cows. Blood and milk samples were collected from 100 Holstein dairy cows during morning milking. The cows were allocated to four groups according to the production period, including cows in early (n = 18), full (n = 26), mid (n = 25) and late (n = 31) lactation. The value of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TChol), total protein (TP), albumin, globulin, urea, total bilirubin (TBil), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and lactate dexydrogenase (LDH) in the blood were determined. The following milk parameters were measured: fat, protein, lactose, urea, AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, LDH and BHB. Blood serum NEFA, BHB, TBil, AST, ALT, ALP and LDH were higher in early lactation cows, whereas glucose, TP, globulin and urea levels were significantly lower in early lactation cows. Milk fat and lactose levels were lower in early lactation cows, whereas milk protein and the activities of AST, ALT, ALP and LDH in milk were highly greater in early lactation cows. Milk fat was positively correlated with glucose, TP and TG, and negatively correlated with BHB, NEFA, TBil, ALT, LDH and ALP levels in the blood. Enzyme activities in milk were positively correlated with those in blood and with blood NEFA, BHB and TBil levels, and negatively correlated with blood glucose, TChol and TG. A significant positive correlation existed between blood and milk BHB values. Many correlations showed the same slope during all lactation periods. In conclusion, similar changes in blood and milk metabolite concentration during lactation and milk to blood correlations confirm that milk has great potential in predicting of blood metabolites and metabolic status of cows.
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Feed intake, milk production and metabolism of Holstein, Gyr and Girolando-F1 heifers with high body condition score during the transition period. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:127-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Effects of higher plasma growth hormone levels on subclinical ketosis in postpartum Holstein cows. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ketosis is a major metabolic disorder that can lead to huge economic losses in postpartum dairy cows by influencing milk production and reproduction performance. Therefore, it is very important to understand the characteristics and significance of plasma GH levels and dynamic changes in postpartum dairy cows for finding pathogenesis of subclinical ketosis (SK). The present study aimed to determine the role of growth hormone (GH) from the onset of SK to the fifth week postpartum and to explain the variations in GH, and metabolic markers namely, β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and glucose (GLU) at early and later SK stages in postpartum Holstein cows. A 5-wk test and an intraday 12-h test were conducted in postpartum Holstein cows. Both tests were carried out every three hours from 10:00–22:00 for 7–14 days postpartum (12-h test: n = 16) to determine plasma concentrations of GH, BHBA, NEFA and GLU. The 5-wk test results showed that GH, BHBA and NEFA concentrations were significantly higher in the SK group during the five-weeks postpartum (p < 0.01); GLU concentration was significantly lower in the SK group (p < 0.01). Intraday 12-h test results revealed that the feeding time affected the plasma concentrations of GH, BHBA, NEFA and GLU. After 1-h of feeding time, GH concentrations decreased, while BHBA, NEFA and GLU concentrations increased. After 4-h of feeding time GH, BHBA and NEFA had the highest plasma concentrations, and GLU the lowest. In both experiments, GH was positively correlated with BHBA, NEFA, and negatively correlated with GLU. It can be suggested that GH has a potential role in development and aetiology of subclinical ketosis.
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Theinert KB, Snedec T, Pietsch F, Theile S, Leonhardt AS, Spilke J, Pichelmann S, Bannert E, Reichelt K, Dobeleit G, Fuhrmann H, Baumgartner W, Schären-Bannert M, Starke A. Qualitative and Quantitative Changes in Total Lipid Concentration and Lipid Fractions in Liver Tissue of Periparturient German Holstein Dairy Cows of Two Age Groups. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:814808. [PMID: 35372546 PMCID: PMC8967350 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.814808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver syndrome (FLS) is a common disease in high-producing dairy cows. Studies in humans suggest that the different hepatic lipid fractions play a role in this context. In dairy cows, little is known about the composition of fat stored in the liver, its periparturient dynamics, and the effect of cows' age. Therefore, our goal was to generate primary data in healthy cows to serve as reference values for future studies. Eight healthy German Holstein cows (2nd lactation, n = 3; ≥3rd lactation, n = 5) were examined 14 d antepartum and 7, 28, and 42 d postpartum. The examinations included clinical assessment, liver biopsy, blood sampling, and recording of milk yield. Total lipids (TL) in liver tissue were measured gravimetrically. The TL were separated into lipid fractions (triacylglycerol, TAG; phospholipids, PL; non-esterified fatty acids, NEFA; and cholesterol esters) using thin-layer chromatography, followed by gas chromatography for fatty acid determination. Concentrations of NEFA, ß-hydroxybutyrate, and cholesterol were analyzed in blood. Concentrations of TL, TAG, NEFA, and cholesterol esters in liver tissue and NEFA in blood increased in the periparturient period. The older cows had higher hepatic TL, TAG, and PL concentrations, higher relative hepatic concentrations of TAG in TL, higher NEFA concentrations in blood, a greater decrease in body condition, and higher milk yields between d 9 and 40 than the younger cows. We proposed that due to higher milk yield, older cows mobilized and deposited more fat in the liver, and the increase in hepatic TAG concentration was longer-lasting than in younger cows. Higher levels of structural lipids (PL) in older cows could be explained by higher demand for storage of TAG and cholesterol esters in lipid droplets or for the export of TAG via very-low-density lipoproteins. Results show that hepatic fat storage is a reversible process and does not necessarily cause clinical disease. Nevertheless, older cows have a more sustained and greater increase in hepatic TAG concentration, which may explain their increased risk of FLS. The results are limited in their extrapolation due to the small sample size and thereby possible selection bias but present a valuable basis for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten B. Theinert
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Teja Snedec
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Fabian Pietsch
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabrina Theile
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne-Sophie Leonhardt
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joachim Spilke
- Biometrics and Informatics in Agriculture Group, Institute of Agriculture and Nutrition, Martin-Luther-University, Halle, Germany
| | - Stefan Pichelmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Erik Bannert
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Reichelt
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gabriele Dobeleit
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Herbert Fuhrmann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Walter Baumgartner
- University Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Melanie Schären-Bannert
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Melanie Schären-Bannert
| | - Alexander Starke
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Assessment of feeding, ruminating and locomotion behaviors in dairy cows around calving – a retrospective clinical study to early detect spontaneous disease appearance. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264834. [PMID: 35245319 PMCID: PMC8896666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aims to verify the usefulness of new intervals-based algorithms for clinical interpretation of animal behavior in dairy cows around calving period. Thirteen activities associated with feeding-ruminating-locomotion-behaviors of 42 adult Holstein-Friesian cows were continuously monitored for the week (wk) -2, wk -1 and wk +1 relative to calving (overall 30’340 min/animal). Soon after, animals were retrospectively assigned to group-S (at least one spontaneous diseases; n = 24) and group-H (healthy; n = 18). The average activities performed by the groups, recorded by RumiWatch® halter and pedometer, were compared at the different weekly intervals. The average activities on the day of clinical diagnosis (dd0), as well as one (dd-1) and two days before (dd-2) were also assessed. Differences of dd0 vs. dd-1 (ΔD1), dd0 vs. wk -1 (ΔD2), and wk +1 vs. wk -1 (Δweeks) were calculated. Variables showing significant differences between the groups were used for a univariate logistic regression, a receiver operating characteristic analysis, and a multivariate logistic regression model. At wk +1 and dd0, eating- and ruminating-time, eating- and ruminate-chews and ruminating boluses were significantly lower in group-S as compared to group-H, while other activity time was higher. For ΔD2 and Δweeks, the differences of eating- and ruminating-time, as well as of eating-and ruminate-chews were significantly lower in group-S as compared to group-H. Concerning the locomotion behaviors, the lying time was significantly higher in group-S vs. group-H at wk +1 and dd-2. The number of strides was significantly lower in group-S compared to group-H at wk +1. The model including eating-chews, ruminate-chews and other activity time reached the highest accuracy in detecting sick cows in wk +1 (area under the curve: 81%; sensitivity: 73.7%; specificity: 82.4%). Some of the new algorithms for the clinical interpretation of cow behaviour as described in this study may contribute to monitoring animals’ health around calving.
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Chandler T, Westhoff T, Overton T, Lock A, Van Amburgh M, Sipka A, Mann S. Lipopolysaccharide challenge following intravenous amino acid infusion in postpartum dairy cows: I. Production, metabolic, and hormonal responses. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:4593-4610. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Mohsin MA, Yu H, He R, Wang P, Gan L, Du Y, Huang Y, Abro MB, Sohaib S, Pierzchala M, Sobiech P, Miętkiewska K, Pareek CS, He BX. Differentiation of Subclinical Ketosis and Liver Function Test Indices in Adipose Tissues Associated With Hyperketonemia in Postpartum Dairy Cattle. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:796494. [PMID: 35187139 PMCID: PMC8850981 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.796494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Past studies suggested that during early lactation and the transition period, higher plasma growth hormone (GH) levels in subclinical ketosis (SCK) might involve the initiation of body adipose tissues mobilization, resulting in metabolic disorders in ruminants particularly hyperketonemia. The upregulated GH mRNA expression in adipose tissue may take part in the adipolysis process in SCK-affected cows that paves a way for study further. This study aimed to characterize the plasma levels of GH, β-hydroxybutyrate acid (BHBA) and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and glucose (GLu) in ketotic cows and healthy control (CON) cows; to measure the liver function test (LFT) indices in ketotic and healthy CON cows, and finally the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay of candidate genes expressed in adipose tissues of ketotic and healthy CON cows during 0 to 7 week postpartum. Three experiments were conducted. Experiment-1 involved 21 Holstein cows weighing 500–600 kg with 2–5 parities. Results showed that GH, BHBA, and NEFA levels in ketotic cows were significantly higher and the GLu level significantly lower. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation of GH with BHBA, NEFA, and GLu in ketotic and healthy CON cows. In experiment-2, dynamic monitoring of LFT indices namely, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLOB) and albumin/globulin (A/G) were examined. The TBIL, DBIL, and GGT indices were significantly higher in ketotic cows and TP was significantly lower. In experiment-3, mRNA expression levels of GHR and peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) genes in adipose tissue were significantly upregulated in ketotic cows. However, the mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-1R), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) genes in adipose tissue were downregulated in ketotic cows. Our study concluded that during postpartum, higher plasma GH levels in SCK cows might involve the initiation of body adipose tissue mobilization, resulting in hyperketonemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali Mohsin
- Laboratory of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Huiru Yu
- Laboratory of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Shanghai Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongze He
- Laboratory of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Laboratory of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Linli Gan
- Laboratory of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yulan Du
- Laboratory of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yunfei Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Muhammad Bakhsh Abro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water, and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Pakistan
| | - Sarmad Sohaib
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water, and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Pakistan
| | - Mariusz Pierzchala
- Department of Genomics and Biodiversity, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Przemysław Sobiech
- Internal Disease Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Klaudia Miętkiewska
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
- Division of Functional Genomics in Biological and Biomedical Research, Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Chandra S. Pareek
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
- Division of Functional Genomics in Biological and Biomedical Research, Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Bao Xiang He
- Laboratory of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Bao Xiang He
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Major Nutritional Metabolic Alterations Influencing the Reproductive System of Postpartum Dairy Cows. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12010060. [PMID: 35050182 PMCID: PMC8781654 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Early successful conception of postpartum dairy cows is crucial in determining the optimum reproductive efficiency and profitability in modern dairy farming. Due to the inherent high production potential of modern dairy cows, the extra stress burden of peri-parturient events, and associated endocrine and metabolic changes causes negative energy balance (NEBAL) in postpartum cows. The occurrence of NEBAL is associated with excessive fat mobilization in the form of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs). The phenomenon of NEFA mobilization furthers with occurrence of ketosis and fatty liver in postpartum dairy cows. High NEFAs and ketones are negatively associated with health and reproductive processes. An additional burden of hypocalcemia, ruminal acidosis, and high protein metabolism in postpartum cows presents further consequences for health and reproductive performance of postpartum dairy cows. This review intends to comprehend these major nutritional metabolic alterations, their mechanisms of influence on the reproduction process, and relevant mitigation strategies.
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Fomichev Y, Bogolyubova N, Ermakov I. Effect of carbohydrate hydrolytic enzyme complex in combination with energy feed on rumen digestion, metabolism, productivity and fatty acid composition of milk fat in cows. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20225101002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The research was carried out on 2 groups of dairy cows of 30 heads on the farm with the formation of technological groups according to the timing of calving and milking on the unit with individual accounting of milk yield. Cows of the experimental group in the period two weeks before calving and for 2 months after calving were added to the diet, respectively, 150 and 300 ml / head / day energy feed based on propylene glycol and glycerin with a complex of enzymes cellulase, xylase, beta-gluconase and glucoamylase activity (EFEC). The main diet consisted of traditional feed and was designed to receive an average daily milk yield of 25 kg of milk. EFEC had practically no effect on the pH and ammonia content in the rumen chyme, but increased the content of VFA in it by 3.6%. It had no effect on the total microbial mass, but reduced the population of infusoria by 23.5% and increased the bacterial population by 27.8%. EFEC had a positive effect on protein-nitrogen metabolism, liver function, antioxidant activity, hormonal status and hematology. As a result, during 3 months of lactation, the average daily milk yield in cows of the experimental group was 19.9, 20.9 and 21.1 kg of milk (P<0.001), which was higher than in the control by 13.0, 9.4 and 16.5%, respectively.
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Mohammadi Barimanloo A, Chalmeh A, Pourjafar M, Mirzaei A. Effects of intravenous butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin to late pregnant ewes on the metabolic indices around parturition and weight gain of their lambs after birth. Vet Med Sci 2021; 8:781-791. [PMID: 34904397 PMCID: PMC8959294 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Management and control of metabolic disorders in sheep around parturition is important. and various researchers have suggested different managerial solutions. Butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin are widely used for curing metabolic disorders resulting from poor nutrition, inadequate management or diseases. Objectives It was hypothesised that butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin could improve the metabolism of ewes around parturition. Methods Twenty‐eight clinically healthy 3‐year‐old pregnant Afshari ewes from 21 days before parturition were enrolled into four equal groups: control (Ctrl), B+C1, B+C2 and B+C3. The Ctrl group only received intravenous normal saline and B+C1, B+C2 and B+C3 ewes, respectively, received an intravenous combination of 10% butaphosphan and 0.005% cyanocobalamin at 2, 4 and 6 ml/ewe, on Days 19–21, 10–12 and 1–3 before parturition. Blood samples were taken from all the ewes on Days 21, 12 and 3 before lambing at parturition day and on days 3, 12 and 21 after parturition. A body condition score of all the ewes was assessed at blood sampling days, and lambs born from the ewes were weighed at birth and every 2 weeks up to 3 months. Serum concentrations of glucose, cortisol, non‐esterified fatty acids, beta‐hydroxy butyric acid, triglyceride, cholesterol, high‐, low‐ and very‐low‐density lipoproteins, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were measured. Results This drug combination decreased circulating glucose, cortisol, lipid profile and hepatic enzymes via dose‐dependent manner, 6 ml of this drug compound/ewe was more potent than 4 and 2 ml/ewe. The lambs’ weight from mothers receiving 6 ml of this combination was significantly higher than those of the others. Conclusions It may be suggested that the intravenous administration of 6 ml/ewe of this combination for 3 consecutive days in three states before parturition had prophylactic effects on metabolic disorders of ewes and enhanced the lambs weight gain after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aliasghar Chalmeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Pourjafar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdolah Mirzaei
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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The Role of microRNAs in the Mammary Gland Development, Health, and Function of Cattle, Goats, and Sheep. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:ncrna7040078. [PMID: 34940759 PMCID: PMC8708473 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7040078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk is an integral and therefore complex structural element of mammalian nutrition. Therefore, it is simple to conclude that lactation, the process of producing milk, is as complex as the mammary gland, the organ responsible for this biochemical activity. Nutrition, genetics, epigenetics, disease pathogens, climatic conditions, and other environmental variables all impact breast productivity. In the last decade, the number of studies devoted to epigenetics has increased dramatically. Reports are increasingly describing the direct participation of microRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally, in the regulation of mammary gland development and function. This paper presents a summary of the current state of knowledge about the roles of miRNAs in mammary gland development, health, and functions, particularly during lactation. The significance of miRNAs in signaling pathways, cellular proliferation, and the lipid metabolism in agricultural ruminants, which are crucial in light of their role in the nutrition of humans as consumers of dairy products, is discussed.
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Couto Serrenho R, Church C, McGee D, Duffield TF. Environment, nutrition, and management practices for far-off, close-up, and fresh cows on Canadian dairy farms - A retrospective descriptive study. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:1797-1814. [PMID: 34799116 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The complex and interrelated management components of dairy farming are associated with health, production, and profitability of the herd, yet there is limited objective data on current management practices of the far-off, close-up, and fresh periods across Canadian dairy farms. We aimed to describe management practices of Canadian dairy farms by using a pre-existing risk assessment tool and outline potential management opportunities. Upon veterinarians' or producers' request, a transition management risk assessment (The Vital 90, Elanco) was performed by trained observers (n = 10) during farm visits (n = 78) between August 2014 and March 2018. Most farms were in Ontario (n = 64), whereas the remaining were in Alberta (n = 5), British Columbia (n = 4), Manitoba (n = 1), Prince Edward Island (n = 2), Newfoundland (n = 1), and Saskatchewan (n = 1). The study included 79 questions about nutrition, pen management, and cow comfort of the dry (approximate ranges: far-off, -60 to -20 d in milk; close-up, -20 to 0 d in milk) and fresh (0-30 d in milk) periods. The herds averaged 125 milking cows, and most had 2 defined dry groups (81%). Freestall (FS; 54%) and straw-bedded loose pack (BP; 81%) were the most common housing systems observed in the far-off and close-up periods, respectively. Heifers and cows were housed together in 56, 80, and 59% of the far-off, close-up, and fresh pens, respectively. A large proportion of the far-off (FS: >100% stocking density; BP: <9.3 m2/cow; 41%), close-up, and fresh pens (FS: >80% stocking density; BP: <13.9 m2/cow; 52 and 49%, respectively) were overstocked. Poor water access was observed across all periods (65, 58, and 24% of the far-off, close-up, and fresh, respectively). Only a few farms had proper heat abatement systems in place (absence of properly functioning soakers or fans; <10% in the dry and 15% in the fresh periods). Cows were able to sort their ration in 60% of the dry period pens and 31% of the fresh pens. In 73% of the farms, fresh cow health monitoring protocols were not in place. Colostrum cows and sick cows were housed together in 40% of the farms; 59% separated the newborn from the dam within 2 to 12 h of birth with colostrum harvested immediately thereafter. This work describes prevalent management practices in the dry and fresh periods and highlights areas for potential improvement. Future research should focus on the associations between management choices and health performance of dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Todd F Duffield
- Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Menichetti BT, Garcia-Guerra A, Lakritz J, Weiss WP, Velez JS, Bothe H, Merchan D, Schuenemann GM. Effect of timing of prepartum vaccination relative to pen change with an acidogenic diet on lying time and metabolic profile in Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:11059-11071. [PMID: 34364647 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to assess the effect of prepartum vaccination timing relative to pen change with an acidogenic diet at 28 or 21 d before expected parturition (dpp) on lying time (LT), prepartum serum energy status (glucose, IGF-1, and nonesterified fatty acids), urine pH, and serum Ca at calving in pregnant Holstein dairy cows. Pregnant multiparous Holstein cows (n = 308) from 1 large dairy herd were randomly allocated into 1 of 3 treatment groups at 35 ± 3 dpp as follows: (1) vaccination at 28 dpp and pen change at 21 dpp (V28PC21; n = 108), (2) vaccination and pen change at 28 dpp (V28PC28; n = 99), and (3) vaccination and pen change at 21 dpp (V21PC21; n = 101). When cows changed pens, an acidogenic diet was introduced. Every other week, a group of 43 to 53 animals were enrolled and electronic data loggers (IceQube, IceRobotics) were fitted to the hind leg of individual cows to assess their LT. Blood samples were collected at 28, 26, 21, 19, 14 dpp and at calving. Parity, body condition score, days dry, and gestation length were not different among groups. Overall, V28PC28 cows had 7 additional days in prepartum pens consuming an acidogenic diet compared with V28PC21 or V21PC21 cows. Regardless of treatment group, cows in the far-off pen had 43 min/d less LT (709 vs. 753 min/d) and increased day-to-day coefficient of variation of LT (0.21 vs. 0.10) compared with cows within the prepartum pen. On average, for the 7 d following vaccination alone (28 to 22 dpp period), V28PC21 cows had ~22 min/d less LT compared with V21PC21 cows. Serum concentrations of glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, and IGF-1 were altered following vaccination alone, pen change alone, or vaccination plus pen change with an acidogenic diet before calving. At calving, V28PC21 cows had greater glucose concentrations (6.45 mmol/L) compared with V21PC21 cows (5.76 mmol/L), with V28PC28 cows intermediate (6.11 mmol/L). The assessment of Ca status at calving revealed that V28PC21 cows had greater Ca concentration (2.34 mmol/L) with lower subclinical hypocalcemia (<2.0 mmol/L; 17.3%) compared with V21PC21 cows (2.17 mmol/L and 31.9%), with V28PC28 cows intermediate (2.28 mmol/L and 25.2%). Serum concentrations of IGF-1 at calving were also greater for V28PC21 (3.43 nmol/L) cows compared with V21PC21 (2.69 nmol/L), with V28PC28 cows intermediate (3.07 nmol/L). Overall, V28PC21 cows had greater serum glucose, IGF-1, and ~46% reduction in subclinical hypocalcemia (from 31.9 to 17.3%) compared with V21PC21 cows but did not differ from V28PC28 cows (25.2%). These findings provided evidence that vaccinating cows at 28 dpp, followed 7 d later by pen change with an acidogenic diet at 21 dpp, would be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Menichetti
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - A Garcia-Guerra
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - J Lakritz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - W P Weiss
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster 44691
| | - J S Velez
- Aurora Organic Farms, Boulder, CO 80302
| | - H Bothe
- Aurora Organic Farms, Boulder, CO 80302
| | | | - G M Schuenemann
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210.
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Abstract
The metabolic alterations associated with the increase in milk production make the transition period critical to the health of dairy cows, usually leading to a higher incidence of disease in periparturient animals. In this manuscript, we describe the use of NMR-based untargeted metabolomics to follow how these changes impact the serum metabolome in a group of 28 transition dairy cows with no initial clinical diseases. Principal component analysis (PCA) of serum 1H NMR data from four weeks before calving to 8 weeks after parturition allowed us to clearly identify four stages during the transition period. Pairwise comparisons using orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and univariate data analysis led to the identification of 18 metabolites that varied significantly through these stages. Species such as acetate, betaine, and creatine are observed early after calving, while other markers of metabolic stress, including acetone, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and choline, accumulate significantly at the height of milk production. Furthermore, marked variations in the levels of lactate, allantoin, alanine, and other amino acids reveal the activation of different gluconeogenic pathways following parturition. Concomitant with a return to homeostasis, a gradual normalization of the serum metabolome occurs 8 weeks after calving. Correlations of metabolite levels with dietary and metabolic adaptations based on animal parity could also be identified. Overall, these results show that NMR-based chemometric methods are ideally suited to monitor manifestations of metabolic diseases throughout the transition period and to assess the impact of nutritional management schemes on the metabolism of dairy cows.
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Effects of Hydrolysable Tannin with or without Condensed Tannin on Alfalfa Silage Fermentation Characteristics and In Vitro Ruminal Methane Production, Fermentation Patterns, and Microbiota. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071967. [PMID: 34209256 PMCID: PMC8300162 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The sustainability of livestock husbandry requires efficient nitrogen and energy utilization by ruminants fed high-forage diets. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydrolysable tannin (HT) without or with condensed tannin (CT) on modulating the ensiling characteristics, methane production, ruminal fermentation profile, and microbiota of alfalfa silage. The results showed that adding HT, alone or in combination with CT, to alfalfa at ensiling improves fermentation quality and reduces ruminal methane production of alfalfa silage. Moreover, HT and CT in combination are more potent in modulating fermentation quality and methanogenesis than HT only; however, the high level of inclusion will impair silage degradation and microbiota in the rumen. Importantly, the results from this study revealed that a combination of HT and CT with complementary mechanisms at low doses can improve N utilization efficiency and methane mitigation of silage feed without adverse effects on ruminal fermentation patterns and microbiota. The findings in this study are of practical importance for the effective use of tannins as an additive for improving silage quality and utilization by ruminants. Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of hydrolysable tannin (chestnut tannin, CHT) without or with condensed tannin (quebracho tannin, QT) for modulating alfalfa silage fermentation characteristics and in vitro ruminal methane (CH4) production, fermentation profile, and microbiota. Alfalfa (235 g/kg fresh weight) was ensiled with no tannins (control), 2% CHT (CHT2), 5% CHT (CHT5), the combination of CHT and QT at 1% each (CHQ2), and CHT and QT at 2.5% each (CHQ5) of forage dry matter (DM). The CHQ2 treatment was more effective in reducing DM losses, pH, and ammonia–nitrogen to total nitrogen ratios of alfalfa silage than CHT2 and CHT5 treatments. All tannin treatments decreased ruminal CH4 production, and the magnitude of the decrease was greater for the combinations than the individual ones. Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations and DM degradation decreased by tannin treatments, but microbial protein (MCP) synthesis increased. The total VFA concentrations and DM degradation were lower with CHQ2 treatment than with CHT5 and CHQ5 treatments, but the MCP concentrations were comparable among these treatments. Tannin inclusion decreased the abundance of the anaerobic fungi Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, but enhanced Fibrobacter succinogenes. The combination of CHT and QT alleviated the inhibition of CHT supply alone in Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Ruminobacer amylophilus, and Prevotella ruminicola as well as protease. The results revealed that a combination of HT from CHT and CT from QT at a low level can reduce proteolysis and CH4 production of alfalfa silage without impairing ruminal fermentation and microbiota.
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Chalmeh A, Pourjafar M, Badiei K, Jalali M, Mazrouei Sebdani M. Intravenous Administration of Butaphosphan and Cyanocobalamin Combination to Late-Pregnant Dairy Cows Reduces Their Insulin Resistance After Calving. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:2191-2200. [PMID: 32778997 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02330-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dairy cows suffer insulin resistance following parturition and lactogenesis. Several researchers attempted to reduce insulin resistance via dietary and parenteral supplementations of different substances to promote metabolic performance of dairy cows. Due to mechanisms of actions of butaphosphan in combination with cyanocobalamin, we hypothesized that this compound may reduce insulin resistance of dairy cows following parturition; hence, the effects of the intravenous administration of butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin to prepartum dairy cows on their insulin resistance after calving were evaluated. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein dairy cows were enrolled 3 weeks prior to parturition and divided into four equal groups, including control (Ctrl) and butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin (B+C) 1, 2, and 3. Ctrl cows received 15 mL of 0.9% NaCl solution and B+C 1, 2, and 3 groups intravenously received 2, 4, and 6 mL/100 kg BW of 10% butaphosphan and 0.005% cyanocobalamin combination over three periods of 3 consecutive days, including 21-19, 12-10, and 3-1 days before calving, respectively. Intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed weekly 1, 2, and 3 weeks after parturition to evaluate the insulin resistance phenomenon. Circulating levels of glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) were assessed 1, 2, and 3 weeks after calving. Ctrl cows were the most insulin-resistant group, and B+C1 group was the most insulin-sensitive, followed by B+C2 and B+C3 groups. The NEFA and BHBA levels in the B+C3 group were significantly lower than those in the other groups. In conclusion, intravenous administration of butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin to the late-pregnant dairy cows may reduce their insulin resistance after calving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliasghar Chalmeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Pourjafar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Khalil Badiei
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jalali
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Miller WF, Titgemeyer EC, Nagaraja TG, Watanabe DHM, Felizari LD, Millen DD, Smith ZK, Johnson BJ. Influence of Cane Molasses Inclusion to Dairy Cow Diets during the Transition Period on Rumen Epithelial Development. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051230. [PMID: 33923260 PMCID: PMC8145355 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The rumen epithelium of dairy cattle undergoes a transformation in response to dietary and physiological changes. Rumen papillae development and adaptation from a typical dry cow diet to a lactating diet can require a substantial amount of time, subsequently limiting the amount of volatile fatty acids (VFA) absorbed from the rumen during early lactation. Infusions of butyrate into the rumen of sheep stimulates cellular proliferation of rumen epithelial tissue, which may prove beneficial for ruminal papillae development in dairy cows during the dry period. However, no studies have investigated mechanisms associated with rumen epithelial adaptation in periparturient dairy cattle. Our hypothesis was that supplementation with cane molasses containing 34% sucrose during the prepartum period would stimulate ruminal butyrate production and ultimately promote ruminal papillae development and absorption rate, thus increasing dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production during the postpartum period. Results from these experiments indicate that diets containing cane molasses during a 60 day dry period can positively influence transition cow performance. Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the addition of cane molasses during a 60 day dry period on performance and metabolism of Holstein cows during prepartum and postpartum periods. For experiment 1, 26 primiparous and 28 multiparous cows were used. Upon freshening, all cows were offered a common lactation diet. For experiment 2, six multiparous cows fitted with rumen cannulas were used to measure performance and metabolism, following the same protocol as experiment 1. Ruminal propionate increased by 10% during both prepartum and postpartum periods; however, papillae area was greater for cows not fed molasses, and volatile fatty acids (VFA) absorption from the rumen was not increased, resulting in similar glucagon-like-peptide-2 receptor (GLP-2R) density. The improved dry matter intake, when molasses was added into prepartum diets, translated into increased milk yield and energy-corrected milk (ECM) in Experiment 1 only for multiparous cows. For experiment 2, the improvement on milk performance was also observed, where cows fed molasses had 18.5% greater ECM production. Feeding molasses during a 60 day dry period positively influenced transition cow performance, and it was not accompanied by changes in rumen morphometrics; however, this indicates enhanced adaptation by the rumen epithelium based on similar capabilities for VFA absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F. Miller
- Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (W.F.M.); (E.C.T.); (T.G.N.)
| | - Evan C. Titgemeyer
- Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (W.F.M.); (E.C.T.); (T.G.N.)
| | - Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja
- Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (W.F.M.); (E.C.T.); (T.G.N.)
| | - Daniel H. M. Watanabe
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena, São Paulo 17900-000, Brazil; (D.H.M.W.); (L.D.F.); (D.D.M.)
| | - Luana D. Felizari
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena, São Paulo 17900-000, Brazil; (D.H.M.W.); (L.D.F.); (D.D.M.)
| | - Danilo D. Millen
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena, São Paulo 17900-000, Brazil; (D.H.M.W.); (L.D.F.); (D.D.M.)
| | - Zachary K. Smith
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA;
| | - Bradley J. Johnson
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Correspondence:
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35
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Chalmeh A, Pourjafar M, Badiei K, Mirzaei A, Jalali M, Mazrouei Sebdani M. Effects of dietary antioxidants on glucose and insulin responses to glucose tolerance test in transition dairy cows. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2021; 75:106602. [PMID: 33385859 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs during the transition period and causes insulin resistance, which may be reduced by the use of antioxidants in this period. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein dairy cows, at 8 wk before parturition, were divided into 4 equal groups, namely control (Ctrl), vitamin E (VE), selenium (Se), and vitamin E plus selenium (VE + Se) groups. On a daily basis, VE and Se cows received dietary 1.5 IU vitamin E/kg BW and 0.3 mg/kg DM selenium, respectively, from 8 wk before to 3 wk after parturition. Vitamin E plus selenium group received doses similar to VE and Se groups. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated through intravenous glucose tolerance test (ivGTT) at weekly intervals from 3 wk before to 3 wk after parturition. Serum concentrations of total antioxidant status (TAS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), and beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) were assayed weekly before the commencement of ivGTT. Based on the results of ivGTT, the lowest and the highest degrees of insulin sensitivity were detected in Ctrl and VE + Se groups, respectively. The highest and the lowest concentrations of NEFA and BHBA were observed in Ctrl and VE + Se groups, respectively. Total antioxidant status, SOD, and GPx values were significantly lower in Ctrl cows and significantly higher in VE + Se-received cows compared with other groups. However, MDA values in Ctrl and VE + Se cows were significantly higher and lower than the other groups, respectively. Collectively, our results show that dietary administration of vitamin E and selenium ameliorates oxidative stress and lipid mobilization and increases insulin sensitivity in transition cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chalmeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - M Pourjafar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - K Badiei
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A Mirzaei
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Jalali
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Mazrouei Sebdani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Michelotti TCDA, Pacheco HA, Leão GFM, Lopes F, Osorio JS, Almeida RD. Effects of rumen-protected methionine supplementation on dairy cows during early postpartum. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2021.1942882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tainara Cristina de Abreu Michelotti
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Hendyel Aparecida Pacheco
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Department of Animal Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Johan Samir Osorio
- Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Rodrigo de Almeida
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Mikuła R, Pruszyńska-Oszmałek E, Kołodziejski PA, Nowak W. Propylene Glycol and Maize Grain Supplementation Improve Fertility Parameters in Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10112147. [PMID: 33218134 PMCID: PMC7698892 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The excessive mobilization of fatty acids from dairy cows’ adipose tissue increases blood non-esterified fatty acid concentrations and could have a negative effect on the fertility parameters and milk yield, as well as increase the risk of metabolic disorders and also result in early-lactation culling risk. Propylene glycol and rumen-protected starch from maize grain are commonly used as glucose precursors reducing nonesterified fatty acid levels; however, no such comparisons are available, thus it was decided to assume it as the aim of this study. Propylene glycol had a positive effect on shortening the period to first ovulation. Propylene glycol and maize grain improved the first service conception rate and decreased the number of services per conception in cows. In conclusion, both treatments with propylene glycol and maize grain had a slight effect on the metabolic profile and no effect on milking performance, yet they improved fertility parameters, which could indirectly enhance milk production economics. Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the effect of propylene glycol and maize grain content by-pass starch supplementation during the transition period and the first 56 days of lactation on blood metabolic indices, milk production and fertility parameters in dairy cows. Seventy-five Polish Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were assigned to treatment 21 days before calving. The treatments included: TG—2.5 kg triticale grain/cow per day supplemented from 14 days prepartum to day 56 postpartum, PG—2.5 kg triticale grain/cow per day supplemented from day 14 before parturition to day 56 postpartum, and 400 g propylene glycol/cow per day from 14 days prepartum to 14 days of lactation and MG—2.5 kg maize grain/cow per day supplemented from day 14 before parturition to day 56 postpartum. PG and MG had an effect resulting in the highest glucose concentration at 28 d of lactation. Cows assigned to the PG and MG groups had significantly higher cholesterol levels confronted with TG group at day 14 of lactation, while at days 28 and 56 the same difference was observed only between the MG and TG groups. PG had an effect on shortening the period to first ovulation. PG and MG improved the first service conception rate and decreased the number of services per conception in cows. In conclusion, both treatments of dairy cows with PG and MG improved their fertility parameters, while they had a slight effect on their metabolic profile and no effect on their milking performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Mikuła
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznań, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ewa Pruszyńska-Oszmałek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (E.P.-O.); (P.A.K.)
| | - Paweł Antoni Kołodziejski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (E.P.-O.); (P.A.K.)
| | - Włodzimierz Nowak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznań, Poland;
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Bionaz M, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Busato S. Advances in fatty acids nutrition in dairy cows: from gut to cells and effects on performance. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:110. [PMID: 33292523 PMCID: PMC7667790 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High producing dairy cows generally receive in the diet up to 5-6% of fat. This is a relatively low amount of fat in the diet compared to diets in monogastrics; however, dietary fat is important for dairy cows as demonstrated by the benefits of supplementing cows with various fatty acids (FA). Several FA are highly bioactive, especially by affecting the transcriptome; thus, they have nutrigenomic effects. In the present review, we provide an up-to-date understanding of the utilization of FA by dairy cows including the main processes affecting FA in the rumen, molecular aspects of the absorption of FA by the gut, synthesis, secretion, and utilization of chylomicrons; uptake and metabolism of FA by peripheral tissues, with a main emphasis on the liver, and main transcription factors regulated by FA. Most of the advances in FA utilization by rumen microorganisms and intestinal absorption of FA in dairy cows were made before the end of the last century with little information generated afterwards. However, large advances on the molecular aspects of intestinal absorption and cellular uptake of FA were made on monogastric species in the last 20 years. We provide a model of FA utilization in dairy cows by using information generated in monogastrics and enriching it with data produced in dairy cows. We also reviewed the latest studies on the effects of dietary FA on milk yield, milk fatty acid composition, reproduction, and health in dairy cows. The reviewed data revealed a complex picture with the FA being active in each step of the way, starting from influencing rumen microbiota, regulating intestinal absorption, and affecting cellular uptake and utilization by peripheral tissues, making prediction on in vivo nutrigenomic effects of FA challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bionaz
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Sebastiano Busato
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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Impact of Body Condition Score on Oxidative Stress Status in Cow’s Reproductive Tract. MACEDONIAN VETERINARY REVIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/macvetrev-2020-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
It is well known in cattle that reproductive disorders are intimately associated with low or high body condition score (BCS). However, little is known concerning the relationship between BCS and oxidative stress, particularly in the reproductive tract. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the oxidative stress biomarkers according to cows BCS values in the plasma, ovaries, oviductal, follicular and uterine fluids. The study was conducted on 58 cows classified in four classes (1, 2, 3 and 4) of BCS varying from1-1.5, 2-2.5, 3-3.5 and 4-4.5, respectively. The genital tracts and plasma were collected from slaughtered cows and processed within 5h after slaughtering. The number of ovarian follicles was measured using ultrasonography and the oxidative stress was assessed by considering total antioxidant status (TAS), catalase activity (CAT), and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). The results showed that follicles number was significantly affected by BCS; cows with medium BCS (3) presented higher number of follicles than cows with low or high BCS (<3 or >3). Overall, BCS affects significantly the oxidative stress status at different levels of the reproductive tract. Cows with medium BCS (3) showed the best oxidative status than those with low or high values (BCS <3 or >3). In conclusion, the current results suggest that reproductive disorders observed in cows with low or high BCS values could be mediated through oxidative stress affecting consequently the reproductive tract and finally compromising fertility outputs.
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Rajaeerad A, Ghorbani GR, Khorvash M, Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi A, Mahdavi AH, Rashidi S, Wilkens MR, Hünerberg M. Impact of a Ration Negative in Dietary Cation-Anion Difference and Varying Calcium Supply Fed before Calving on Colostrum Quality of the Dams and Health Status and Growth Performance of the Calves. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091465. [PMID: 32825499 PMCID: PMC7552181 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We fed diets with low and high levels of calcium or a negative dietary cation–anion difference (DCAD) to dairy cows before calving and compared their colostrum quality and the health and growth performance of their calves. There were no differences in birth weight and colostrum quantity and composition among groups. However, calves born to cows fed a diet with a negative DCAD had lower body weight and higher prevalence for diarrhea before weaning. The level of Ca in the diet of the dams before calving had no impact on the body weight, feed intake, and health of the calves. Abstract This study investigated the effect of diets negative in dietary cation–anion difference (DCAD) or restricted in Ca fed prepartum to dairy cows for three weeks on colostrum yield and composition, and the health and growth performance of their calves. Thirty-six pregnant non-lactating Holstein-Friesian cows were randomly assigned to three isoenergetic diets: (1) low Ca: 0.24% Ca, DCAD: +86 mEq/kg; (2) high Ca: 1.23% Ca, DCAD: +95 mEq/kg; and (3) low DCAD: 1.28% Ca, DCAD: −115 mEq/kg (all dry matter (DM) basis). While colostrum quality was not affected, low Ca supply prepartum tended to increase the colostrum yield compared to high Ca (low Ca = 8.81 vs. high Ca = 5.39 kg). However, calves from cows fed low DCAD showed higher serum concentrations of K, lower body weight (BW), starter feed intake and average daily weight gain before weaning compared to low Ca and high Ca calves (53.12 vs. 57.68 and 57.32 kg) but BW was similar postweaning (d 70). In addition, calves from dams fed low DCAD were more likely to develop diarrhea and had increased number of days with abnormal fecal scores. Consequently, calves from low DCAD dams had to be treated more frequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Rajaeerad
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; (A.R.); (G.R.G.); (M.K.); (A.S.-S.); (A.H.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Gholam Reza Ghorbani
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; (A.R.); (G.R.G.); (M.K.); (A.S.-S.); (A.H.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Mohammad Khorvash
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; (A.R.); (G.R.G.); (M.K.); (A.S.-S.); (A.H.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Ali Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; (A.R.); (G.R.G.); (M.K.); (A.S.-S.); (A.H.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Amir Hossein Mahdavi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; (A.R.); (G.R.G.); (M.K.); (A.S.-S.); (A.H.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Saman Rashidi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; (A.R.); (G.R.G.); (M.K.); (A.S.-S.); (A.H.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Mirja Rosmarie Wilkens
- Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Nutrition Physiology, University of Goettingen, Kellnerweg 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-551-39-23335
| | - Martin Hünerberg
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ruminat Nutrition Unit, University of Goettingen, Kellnerweg 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany;
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Jiang M, Alugongo GM, Xiao J, Li C, Ma Y, Li T, Cao Z, Liu D. Periparturient stocking density affects lying and ruminating behavior and one-week-calf performance of Holstein cows. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:759-769. [PMID: 32810941 PMCID: PMC7961291 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of stocking density on the behavior, productivity, and metabolism of periparturient Holstein cows as well as calf performance. Methods A total of 48 periparturient cows were randomly assigned into three groups at 28 days (±3 days) before their expected calving date. The stocking densities of the groups, relative to the standard cubicle and feed bunk number, were i) 80% (13 cows), ii) 100% (16 cows), and iii) 120% (19 cows). Lying and rumination behavior was recorded using electronic data loggers and HR-Tags from d −21 (“d-” means days before calving) until the calving date, d 0. Lying time was assessed to determine the diurnal total hours spent lying per day. Rumination time was averaged in 2 hours interval periods over 24 hours during the experimental period. Results Cows in the 80% group spent more time lying and ruminating between d −21 and d −7 and tended to ruminate more between d −14 and d 0. Calcium levels tended to be higher for cows in the 80% group, no other observable differences were found in monitored blood parameters. Moreover, 3.5% fat corrected milk and energy corrected milk yields were higher in 80% group in the first month of lactation. No other observable differences were found in the yield and composition of colostrum and milk in the first 10 months of lactation. The growth and performance of calves in the first week of life was not affected by stocking density of the dams. Conclusion We concluded that lower stocking density may increase lying and ruminating behavior of prepartum Holstein cows. However, this did not translate into improved productivity and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.,College of Animal Science, Heilongjiang Agriculture Economics Vocational College, Mudanjiang 157041, China
| | - Gibson Maswayi Alugongo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianxin Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Congcong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yulin Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dasen Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Mezzetti M, Bionaz M, Trevisi E. Interaction between inflammation and metabolism in periparturient dairy cows. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:S155-S174. [PMID: 32810244 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Mezzetti
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Massimo Bionaz
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Erminio Trevisi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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Metabolism, Ketosis Treatment and Milk Production after Using Glycerol in Dairy Cows: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081379. [PMID: 32784495 PMCID: PMC7460308 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glycerol, as well as being an attractive feed ingredient for cattle, is also a by-product of a wide range of industrial applications. Glycerol has potential value in farming since it improves metabolism, feed efficiency, and can alleviate the symptoms of ketosis. Data indicate that glycerol can be a suitable partial grain replacement in the diet of cows during the transition period and at the beginning of lactation. The impact on milk yield is not significant, but glycerol mostly decreases milk fat content. The inclusion of dietary glycerol in the ration of dairy cows has an affect on ruminal fermentation patterns. Glycerol is rapidly fermented in the rumen into propionate, and it is metabolized to glucose in the liver through the process of glycogenolysis. Additionally, glycerol administration to ruminants can reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The purpose of this review is to highlight the potential benefits and drawbacks related to the use of glycerol in cattle. Abstract The aim of this paper is to review and systematize the current state of knowledge on glycol metabolism in cattle. Glycerol, derived from biodiesel production, must be purified in order to be a useful product for feeding livestock. The use of glycerol in the feeding of ruminants can be justified for several reasons: (i) it is a source of energy in the ration, (ii) it is a glucogenic precursor, and (iii) it may have an effect on milk composition. The high energy value of glycerol provides the opportunity to use this raw material as a partial grain substitute in cattle feed rations. Dietary supplementation of glycerol is associated with increased propionate, butyrate, valerate, and isovalerate concentrations in the rumen. Glycerol can be used at up to 10%–15% of the dietary dry matter (DM) and is well-established as a treatment for ketosis in cows. Glycerol increases plasma glucose and may reduce non-esterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate levels. The use of glycerol does not have a clear effect on DM intake, milk yield, or milk composition. However, some authors have reported an increase in milk yield after glycerol supplementation associated with decreased milk fat concentration. It is also possible that the concentration in the milk of odd-chain fatty acids and cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid may increase after glycerol application.
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Vogel L, Gnott M, Kröger-Koch C, Dannenberger D, Tuchscherer A, Tröscher A, Kienberger H, Rychlik M, Starke A, Bachmann L, Hammon HM. Effects of abomasal infusion of essential fatty acids together with conjugated linoleic acid in late and early lactation on performance, milk and body composition, and plasma metabolites in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:7431-7450. [PMID: 32475659 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-18065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rations including high amounts of corn silage are currently very common in dairy production. Diets with corn silage as forage source result in a low supply of essential fatty acids, such as α-linolenic acid, and may lead to low conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) production. The present study investigated the effects of abomasal infusion of essential fatty acids, especially α-linolenic acid, and CLA in dairy cows fed a corn silage-based diet on performance, milk composition, including fatty acid (FA) pattern, and lipid metabolism from late to early lactation. Rumen-cannulated Holstein cows (n = 40) were studied from wk 9 antepartum to wk 9 postpartum and dried off 6 wk before calving. The cows were assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups. Cows were abomasally supplemented with coconut oil (CTRL, 76 g/d), linseed and safflower oil (EFA, 78 and 4 g/d; linseed/safflower oil ratio = 19.5:1; n-6/n-3 FA ratio = 1:3), Lutalin (CLA, 38 g/d; BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany; isomers cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 each 10 g/d) or EFA+CLA. Milk composition was analyzed weekly, and blood samples were taken several times before and after parturition to determine plasma concentrations of metabolites related to lipid metabolism. Liver samples were obtained by biopsy on d 63 and 21 antepartum and on d 1, 28, and 63 postpartum to measure triglyceride concentration. Body composition was determined after slaughter. Supplementation of CLA reduced milk fat concentration, increased body fat mass, and improved energy balance (EB) in late and early lactation, but EB was lowest during late lactation in the EFA group. Cows with CLA treatment alone showed an elevated milk citrate concentration in early lactation, whereas EFA+CLA did not reveal higher milk citrate but did have increased acetone. Milk protein was increased in late lactation but was decreased in wk 1 postpartum in CLA and EFA+CLA. Milk urea was reduced by CLA treatment during the whole period. After calving, the increase of nonesterified fatty acids in plasma was less in CLA groups; liver triglycerides were raised lowest at d 28 in CLA groups. Our data confirm an improved metabolic status with CLA but not with exclusive EFA supplementation during early lactation. Increased milk citrate concentration in CLA cows points to reduced de novo FA synthesis in the mammary gland, but milk citrate was less affected in EFA+CLA cows, indicating that EFA supplementation may influence changes in mammary gland FA metabolism achieved by CLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vogel
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - M Gnott
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - C Kröger-Koch
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - D Dannenberger
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - A Tuchscherer
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | | | - H Kienberger
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - M Rychlik
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - A Starke
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - L Bachmann
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - H M Hammon
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
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McCarthy CS, Dooley BC, Branstad EH, Kramer AJ, Horst EA, Mayorga EJ, Al-Qaisi M, Abeyta MA, Perez-Hernandez G, Goetz BM, Castillo AR, Knobbe MR, Macgregor CA, Russi JP, Appuhamy JADRN, Ramirez-Ramirez HA, Baumgard LH. Energetic metabolism, milk production, and inflammatory response of transition dairy cows fed rumen-protected glucose. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:7451-7461. [PMID: 32448574 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives were to evaluate the effects of rumen-protected glucose (RPG) supplementation on milk production, post-absorptive metabolism, and inflammatory biomarkers in transition dairy cows. Fifty-two multiparous cows were blocked by previous 305-d mature-equivalent milk (305ME) yield and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous treatments: (1) control diet (CON; n = 26) or (2) a diet containing RPG (pre-fresh 5.3% of dry matter and 6.0% of dry matter postpartum; n = 26). Cows received their respective dietary treatments from d -21 to 28 relative to calving, and dry matter intake was calculated daily during the same period. Weekly body weight, milk composition, and fecal pH were recorded until 28 d in milk (DIM), and milk yield was recorded through 105 DIM. Blood samples were collected on d -7, 3, 7, 14, and 28 relative to calving. Data were analyzed using repeated measures in the MIXED procedure (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) with previous 305ME as a covariate. Fecal pH was similar between treatments and decreased (0.6 units) postpartum. Dry matter intake pre- and postpartum were unaffected by treatment, as was milk yield during the first 28 or 105 DIM. Milk fat, protein, and lactose concentration were similar for both treatments. Blood urea nitrogen and plasma glucose concentrations were unaffected by treatment; however, results showed increased concentration of circulating insulin (27%), lower nonesterified fatty acids (28%), and lower postpartum β-hydroxybutyrate (24%) in RPG-fed cows. Overall, circulating lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and haptoglobin did not differ by treatment, but at 7 DIM, RPG-fed cows had decreased lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and haptoglobin concentrations (31 and 27%, respectively) compared with controls. Supplemental RPG improved some biomarkers of post-absorptive energetics and inflammation during the periparturient period, changes primarily characterized by increased insulin and decreased nonesterified fatty acids concentrations, with a concomitant reduction in acute phase proteins without changing milk production and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S McCarthy
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - B C Dooley
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - E H Branstad
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - A J Kramer
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - E A Horst
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - E J Mayorga
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - M Al-Qaisi
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - M A Abeyta
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | | | - B M Goetz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - A R Castillo
- University of California, Cooperative Extension, Merced 95340
| | - M R Knobbe
- Grain States Soya Inc., West Point, NE 68788
| | | | - J P Russi
- Rusitec Argentina, General Villegas, Buenos Aires 6230, Argentina
| | | | | | - L H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011.
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Glosson KM, Zhang X, Bascom SS, Rowson AD, Wang Z, Drackley JK. Negative dietary cation-anion difference and amount of calcium in prepartum diets: Effects on milk production, blood calcium, and health. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:7039-7054. [PMID: 32448578 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-18068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acidogenic prepartum diets with negative dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) induce compensated metabolic acidosis, which stimulates calcium (Ca) mobilization before calving and decreases clinical and subclinical hypocalcemia postpartum. This strategy is often combined with limiting dietary Ca concentrations, which historically has been used to mobilize Ca prepartum to prepare cows for lactation. Supplemental dietary Ca in combination with a negative DCAD formulation that does not reverse the effect of compensated metabolic acidosis may be beneficial. Our objective was to determine the effects of prepartum dietary strategies on dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, peripartal Ca status, and health during the transition period in multiparous Holstein cows (n = 81). Treatments during the last 28 d before calving were: (1) positive DCAD diet, +6 mEq/100 g of DM, target urine pH >7.5, low dietary Ca (0.40% DM; CON); (2) negative DCAD diet, -24 mEq/100 g of DM, target urine pH 5.5 to 6.0, low dietary Ca (0.40% DM; ND); or (3) negative DCAD diet, -24 mEq/100 g of DM, target urine pH 5.5 to 6.0, , high dietary Ca (2.0% DM; NDCA). Preplanned treatment contrasts were: (1) CON versus (ND and NDCA), and (2) ND versus NDCA. Individual DMI were recorded daily. Cows were milked 3 times daily, with individual DMI and milk yield summarized by week. Whole blood sampled at calving and 24 h, 48 h, and 4 d after calving was analyzed for ionized Ca concentration, and serum was analyzed for total Ca. Prepartum urine pH for cows fed ND or NDCA averaged 5.7, whereas cows fed CON remained >7.5. During the 3 wk before calving, cows fed CON had greater DMI than cows fed ND or NDCA, with NDCA greater than ND. Postpartum DMI (% of body weight) tended to be less for cows fed CON than for those fed ND or NDCA prepartum. Thresholds for subclinical hypocalcemia were ionized Ca <1.0 mM at 24 h, and total Ca ≤2.125 mM at 48 h after calving. On average, blood Ca for cows fed CON indicated subclinical hypocalcemia, whereas blood Ca for cows fed ND or NDCA was greater than subclinical hypocalcemia thresholds for both ionized Ca and total Ca. No milk production differences were detected. Cows fed CON had an elevated adverse health score (calculated by assigning numerical values to recorded health events) and tended to have an elevated somatic cell count during the fresh period compared with cows fed ND or NDCA. Overall, an acidogenic diet prepartum without or with high Ca improved postpartum Ca status and health. Supplementation of additional Ca to the acidogenic diet had little effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Glosson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; Phibro Animal Health Corp., 229 Radio Rd, Quincy, IL 62305
| | - X Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China 611130
| | - S S Bascom
- Phibro Animal Health Corp., Teaneck, NJ 07666-6712
| | - A D Rowson
- Phibro Animal Health Corp., Teaneck, NJ 07666-6712
| | - Z Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China 611130
| | - J K Drackley
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
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Edwards EM, Krawczel PD, Dann HM, Schneider LG, Whitlock B, Proudfoot KL. Calving location preference and changes in lying and exploratory behavior of preparturient dairy cattle with access to pasture. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:5455-5465. [PMID: 32278561 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to (1) describe the calving location of dairy cattle given access to a pasture and barn; (2) identify factors associated with calving location; and (3) compare the lying and exploratory behavior of cows in the 24 h before calving and a previous day. Seventy-two Holstein dairy heifers and cows (n = 36 nulliparous and n = 36 primiparous and multiparous combined) were housed in a covered bedded-pack barn (167.4 m2) with free access to 2.1 ha of pasture. The composition of the group was dynamic, because cows were moved in weekly at 19 ± 6 d [mean ± standard deviation (SD)] before their calving date, and were removed immediately after calving. To facilitate data collection, we divided the environment into 9 sections, including the barn (section 1; 167.4 m2), 7 sections of open pasture (sections 2 to 8; 2,402 ± 60 m2), and 1 section of pasture surrounded by natural forage cover (section 9; 3,593 m2). We then collapsed these 9 sections into 3 distinct areas for further analysis: the barn, open pasture, and natural forage cover. Animals were fitted with accelerometers to measure lying time, lying bout duration, lying bouts, and steps for the 24 h before calving (calving day) and a similar 24 h period 4 to 11 d (median = 7) before calving (baseline day). We included parity (nulliparous vs. primiparous and multiparous) and heat stress [no heat stress = temperature-humidity index (THI) ≤68 vs. heat stress = THI >68 and ≤79] in all analyses; we included time of day and group composition as additional factors that may have affected calving location. We determined exploratory behavior using 10 min instantaneous scan sampling collected from video. At each scan, we recorded the section (1 to 9) the cow or heifer was located in, and then calculated the minimum number of sections that could be crossed between successive scans. Of the total sample, 39% calved in the barn, 26% calved in the open pasture, and 35% calved in the area with natural forage cover. Nulliparous heifers and those calving when heat stress was low (THI ≤68) selected the area with natural forage cover more frequently than the barn. On the calving day, cows spent more time lying down with more short bouts of lying, and crossed more sections compared with the baseline day. Steps were affected by an interactive effect of day, parity, and heat stress; nulliparous heifers took more steps on the calving day during conditions of heat stress compared with no heat stress. Results indicate that cows and heifers had different preferences for their environment at calving, and when provided access to pasture, both changed their lying and exploratory behavior on the day of calving compared with a previous day.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Edwards
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996
| | - P D Krawczel
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996
| | - H M Dann
- William H. Miner Agricultural Research Institute, Chazy, NY 12921
| | - L G Schneider
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996
| | - B Whitlock
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996; Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996
| | - K L Proudfoot
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210.
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Saed H, Ibrahim H, El-khodery S, Youssef M. Prevalence and potential risk factors of hypocalcaemia in dairy cows during transition period at Northern Egypt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.35943/mvmj.2020.21.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To identify the most prevalent diseases of transition period in dairy cows and to highlight on risk factors supposed to play a crucial role in the prevalence of hypocalcaemia.
Design: Case-control study
Animals: 179 transition dairy cows belonged to five farms.
Procedures: Clinical examination and serum analyses were the key to diagnose the transition disorders in the investigated cows. Cutoff points for serum analytes (Ca, Ph, Mg, PTH, glucose, K, Na and Cl) were set. A questionnaire was constructed to identify the possible risk factors associated with hypocalcaemia on both farm level and cow level.
Results: Frequency test revealed the prevalence of hypocalcaemia to be (48.04%), hypophosphatemia (40.22%), hypomagnesaemia (33.52%) hypoglycemia (29.05%), hypokalemia (58.1%), clinical ketosis (5.59%) and abomasal displacement (1.12%). Moreover, prevalence of post parturient septic metritis was (26.81%), retained placenta (23.46%) and clinical mastitis was (18.99%). Generally, hypocalcaemia was significantly associated with other concurrent diseases (P ≤ 0.05). Levels of serum PTH, glucose, K and Na were significantly related to occurrence of hypocalcaemia with p values: 0.006, 0.001, 0.019 and 0.001, respectively. Impact of diet, housing criteria and periodical health monitoring by metabolic profile test were found to affect significantly on incidence of hypocalcaemia on farm level with p value ≤ 0.008 for all. On cow level, age of cows, parity, body condition score, stage of transition period, daily milk yield and previous transition period disorders were found to have a significant effect on occurrence of hypocalcaemia at p value ≤ 0.001 for each item.
Conclusion and clinical relevance: Results of the current study point toward the importance of usual monitoring of transition period disorders in dairy cows, besides identifying potential risks and consequences of hypocalcaemia in an attempt to construct control measures for them, that in-turn would increase dairy herd profitability.
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Mills KE, Weary DM, von Keyserlingk MA. Identifying barriers to successful dairy cow transition management. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:1749-1758. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-16231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Rohmeier L, Petzl W, Koy M, Eickhoff T, Hülsebusch A, Jander S, Macias L, Heimes A, Engelmann S, Hoedemaker M, Seyfert HM, Kühn C, Schuberth HJ, Zerbe H, Meyerholz MM. In vivo model to study the impact of genetic variation on clinical outcome of mastitis in uniparous dairy cows. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:33. [PMID: 32005239 PMCID: PMC6995066 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-2251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In dairy herds, mastitis causes detrimental economic losses. Genetic selection offers a sustainable tool to select animals with reduced susceptibility towards postpartum diseases. Studying underlying mechanisms is important to assess the physiological processes that cause differences between selected haplotypes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish an in vivo infection model to study the impact of selecting for alternative paternal haplotypes in a particular genomic region on cattle chromosome 18 for mastitis susceptibility under defined conditions in uniparous dairy cows. Results At the start of pathogen challenge, no significant differences between the favorable (Q) and unfavorable (q) haplotypes were detected. Intramammary infection (IMI) with Staphylococcus aureus 1027 (S. aureus, n = 24, 96 h) or Escherichia coli 1303 (E. coli, n = 12, 24 h) was successfully induced in all uniparous cows. This finding was confirmed by clinical signs of mastitis and repeated recovery of the respective pathogen from milk samples of challenged quarters in each animal. After S. aureus challenge, Q-uniparous cows showed lower somatic cell counts 24 h and 36 h after challenge (P < 0.05), lower bacterial shedding in milk 12 h after challenge (P < 0.01) and a minor decrease in total milk yield 12 h and 24 h after challenge (P < 0.01) compared to q-uniparous cows. Conclusion An in vivo infection model to study the impact of genetic selection for mastitis susceptibility under defined conditions in uniparous dairy cows was successfully established and revealed significant differences between the two genetically selected haplotype groups. This result might explain their differences in susceptibility towards IMI. These clinical findings form the basis for further in-depth molecular analysis to clarify the underlying genetic mechanisms for mastitis resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rohmeier
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory Clinic and Herd Health Services, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764, Oberschleissheim, Germany.,Clinic for Swine, Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - W Petzl
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory Clinic and Herd Health Services, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - M Koy
- Immunology Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany.,Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bünteweg, 17 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - T Eickhoff
- Immunology Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Hülsebusch
- Immunology Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - S Jander
- Immunology Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - L Macias
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory Clinic and Herd Health Services, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - A Heimes
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - S Engelmann
- Technical University Braunschweig, Institute for Microbiology, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Microbial Proteomics, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - M Hoedemaker
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - H M Seyfert
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - C Kühn
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.,Agricultural and Environmental Faculty, University Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - H J Schuberth
- Immunology Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - H Zerbe
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory Clinic and Herd Health Services, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - M M Meyerholz
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory Clinic and Herd Health Services, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764, Oberschleissheim, Germany. .,Immunology Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
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