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Dean DC, Tisdall MD, Wisnowski JL, Feczko E, Gagoski B, Alexander AL, Edden RAE, Gao W, Hendrickson TJ, Howell BR, Huang H, Humphreys KL, Riggins T, Sylvester CM, Weldon KB, Yacoub E, Ahtam B, Beck N, Banerjee S, Boroday S, Caprihan A, Caron B, Carpenter S, Chang Y, Chung AW, Cieslak M, Clarke WT, Dale A, Das S, Davies-Jenkins CW, Dufford AJ, Evans AC, Fesselier L, Ganji SK, Gilbert G, Graham AM, Gudmundson AT, Macgregor-Hannah M, Harms MP, Hilbert T, Hui SCN, Irfanoglu MO, Kecskemeti S, Kober T, Kuperman JM, Lamichhane B, Landman BA, Lecour-Bourcher X, Lee EG, Li X, MacIntyre L, Madjar C, Manhard MK, Mayer AR, Mehta K, Moore LA, Murali-Manohar S, Navarro C, Nebel MB, Newman SD, Newton AT, Noeske R, Norton ES, Oeltzschner G, Ongaro-Carcy R, Ou X, Ouyang M, Parrish TB, Pekar JJ, Pengo T, Pierpaoli C, Poldrack RA, Rajagopalan V, Rettmann DW, Rioux P, Rosenberg JT, Salo T, Satterthwaite TD, Scott LS, Shin E, Simegn G, Simmons WK, Song Y, Tikalsky BJ, Tkach J, van Zijl PCM, Vannest J, Versluis M, Zhao Y, Zöllner HJ, Fair DA, Smyser CD, Elison JT. Quantifying brain development in the HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study: The magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy protocol. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 70:101452. [PMID: 39341120 PMCID: PMC11466640 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study, a multi-site prospective longitudinal cohort study, will examine human brain, cognitive, behavioral, social, and emotional development beginning prenatally and planned through early childhood. The acquisition of multimodal magnetic resonance-based brain development data is central to the study's core protocol. However, application of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) methods in this population is complicated by technical challenges and difficulties of imaging in early life. Overcoming these challenges requires an innovative and harmonized approach, combining age-appropriate acquisition protocols together with specialized pediatric neuroimaging strategies. The HBCD MRI Working Group aimed to establish a core acquisition protocol for all 27 HBCD Study recruitment sites to measure brain structure, function, microstructure, and metabolites. Acquisition parameters of individual modalities have been matched across MRI scanner platforms for harmonized acquisitions and state-of-the-art technologies are employed to enable faster and motion-robust imaging. Here, we provide an overview of the HBCD MRI protocol, including decisions of individual modalities and preliminary data. The result will be an unparalleled resource for examining early neurodevelopment which enables the larger scientific community to assess normative trajectories from birth through childhood and to examine the genetic, biological, and environmental factors that help shape the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C Dean
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - M Dylan Tisdall
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica L Wisnowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric Feczko
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Borjan Gagoski
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew L Alexander
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Timothy J Hendrickson
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Brittany R Howell
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA; Department of Human Development and Family Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn L Humphreys
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tracy Riggins
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Chad M Sylvester
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kimberly B Weldon
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Essa Yacoub
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Banu Ahtam
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natacha Beck
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Montréal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada; McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Sergiy Boroday
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Montréal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada; McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Bryan Caron
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Montréal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada; McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Samuel Carpenter
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Ai Wern Chung
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Cieslak
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William T Clarke
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anders Dale
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samir Das
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Montréal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada; McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christopher W Davies-Jenkins
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexander J Dufford
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Mental Health Innovation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Alan C Evans
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Montréal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada; McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Laetitia Fesselier
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Montréal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada; McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sandeep K Ganji
- MR Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare, Best, the Netherlands
| | - Guillaume Gilbert
- MR Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alice M Graham
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Aaron T Gudmundson
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maren Macgregor-Hannah
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael P Harms
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tom Hilbert
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthineers International AG, Lausanne, Switzerland,; Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,; LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Steve C N Hui
- Developing Brain Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Radiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M Okan Irfanoglu
- Quantitative Medical Imaging Laboratory, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Tobias Kober
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthineers International AG, Lausanne, Switzerland,; Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,; LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joshua M Kuperman
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bidhan Lamichhane
- Center for Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Bennett A Landman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xavier Lecour-Bourcher
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Montréal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada; McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Erik G Lee
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Xu Li
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leigh MacIntyre
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Montréal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Lasso Informatics, Canada
| | - Cecile Madjar
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Montréal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada; McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mary Kate Manhard
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Kahini Mehta
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lucille A Moore
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Saipavitra Murali-Manohar
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cristian Navarro
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary Beth Nebel
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sharlene D Newman
- Alabama Life Research Institute, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Allen T Newton
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vandebrilt, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth S Norton
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, School of Communication, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Regis Ongaro-Carcy
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Montréal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada; McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Xiawei Ou
- Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Arkansas Children's Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Minhui Ouyang
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Todd B Parrish
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - James J Pekar
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Pengo
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Carlo Pierpaoli
- Quantitative Medical Imaging Laboratory, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Vidya Rajagopalan
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Pierre Rioux
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Montréal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada; McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jens T Rosenberg
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Facility, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Taylor Salo
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa S Scott
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Eunkyung Shin
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Gizeaddis Simegn
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - W Kyle Simmons
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA; OSU Biomedical Imaging Center, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Yulu Song
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barry J Tikalsky
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jean Tkach
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Peter C M van Zijl
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Vannest
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Yansong Zhao
- MR Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Helge J Zöllner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Damien A Fair
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Christopher D Smyser
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Jed T Elison
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Arshad NH, Abu Hassan H, Omar NF, Zainudin Z. Quantifying myelin in neonates using magnetic resonance imaging: a systematic literature review. Clin Exp Pediatr 2024; 67:371-385. [PMID: 38062713 PMCID: PMC11298773 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2023.00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This review aimed to assess the usefulness of various magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques for the quantification of neonatal white matter myelination. The Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify studies following the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) statement using quantitative MRI techniques to examine samples collected from neonates to quantify myelin. Twelve studies were ultimately included. The results demonstrated that in validation studies, relaxometry is the most frequently explored approach (83.33%), followed by magnetization transfer imaging (8.33%) and a new automatic segmentation technique (8.33%). Synthetic MRI is recommended for quantifying myelin in neonates because of several advantages that outweigh a few negligible limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Hanem Arshad
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hasyma Abu Hassan
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Farhayu Omar
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zurina Zainudin
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Lancione M, Cencini M, Scaffei E, Cipriano E, Buonincontri G, Schulte RF, Pirkl CM, Buchignani B, Pasquariello R, Canapicchi R, Battini R, Biagi L, Tosetti M. Magnetic resonance fingerprinting-based myelin water fraction mapping for the assessment of white matter maturation and integrity in typical development and leukodystrophies. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 37:e5114. [PMID: 38390667 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
A quantitative biomarker for myelination, such as myelin water fraction (MWF), would boost the understanding of normative and pathological neurodevelopment, improving patients' diagnosis and follow-up. We quantified the fraction of a rapidly relaxing pool identified as MW using multicomponent three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) to evaluate white matter (WM) maturation in typically developing (TD) children and alterations in leukodystrophies (LDs). We acquired DTI and 3D MRF-based R1, R2 and MWF data of 15 TD children and 17 LD patients (9 months-12.5 years old) at 1.5 T. We computed normative maturation curves in corpus callosum and corona radiata and performed WM tract profile analysis, comparing MWF with R1, R2 and fractional anisotropy (FA). Normative maturation curves demonstrated a steep increase for all tissue parameters in the first 3 years of age, followed by slower growth for MWF while R1, R2R2 and FA reached a plateau. Unlike FA, MWF values were similar for regions of interest (ROIs) with different degrees of axonal packing, suggesting independence from fiber bundle macro-organization and higher myelin specificity. Tract profile analysis indicated a specific spatial pattern of myelination in the major fiber bundles, consistent across subjects. LD were better distinguished from TD by MWF rather than FA, showing reduced MWF with respect to age-matched controls in both ROI-based and tract analysis. In conclusion, MRF-based MWF provides myelin-specific WM maturation curves and is sensitive to alteration due to LDs, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for WM disorders. As MRF allows fast simultaneous acquisition of relaxometry and MWF, it can represent a valuable diagnostic tool to study and follow up developmental WM disorders in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Cencini
- Pisa Division, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Emilio Cipriano
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Roberta Battini
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Khormi I, Al-Iedani O, Alshehri A, Ramadan S, Lechner-Scott J. MR myelin imaging in multiple sclerosis: A scoping review. J Neurol Sci 2023; 455:122807. [PMID: 38035651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.122807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The inability of disease-modifying therapies to stop the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS), has led to the development of a new therapeutic strategy focussing on myelin repair. While conventional MRI lacks sensitivity for quantifying myelin damage, advanced MRI techniques are proving effective. The development of targeted therapeutics requires histological validation of myelin imaging results, alongside the crucial task of establishing correlations between myelin imaging results and clinical assessments, so that the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions can be evaluated. The aims of this scoping review were to identify myelin imaging methods - some of which have been histologically validated, and to determine how these approaches correlate with clinical assessments of people with MS (pwMS), thus allowing for effective therapeutic evaluation. A search of two databases was undertaken for publications relating to studies on adults MS using either MRI/MR-histology of the MS brain in the range 1990-to-2022. The myelin imaging methods specified were relaxometry, magnetization transfer, and quantitative susceptibility. Relaxometry was used most frequently, with myelin water fraction (MWF) being the primary metric. Studies conducted on tissue from various regions of the brain showed that MWF was significantly lower in pwMS than in healthy controls. Magnetization transfer ratio indicated that the macromolecular content of lesions was lower than that of normal-appearing tissue. Higher magnetic susceptibility of lesions were indicative of myelin breakdown and iron accumulation. Several myelin imaging metrics were correlated with disability, disease severity and duration. Many studies showed a good correlation between myelin measured histologically and by MR myelin imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Khormi
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia; College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Oun Al-Iedani
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Abdulaziz Alshehri
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia; Department of Radiology, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saadallah Ramadan
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia.
| | - Jeannette Lechner-Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia; Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
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Reddy R. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of Perinatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy: An Institutional Experience. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2022; 13:87-94. [PMID: 35110925 PMCID: PMC8803528 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1742157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background Hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the most commonly diagnosed neurological abnormality affecting children leading to severe neurological deficits and a cause of neonatal mortality. HIE constitutes a diagnostic challenge in the prematurely born and full-term neonates. HIE causes severe neurological deficit in children and many a times goes unnoticed in early stages. The various patterns of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in HIE are dependent on factors, such as severity and duration of hypoxia, and brain maturity in preterm and full-term patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has prognostic significance in detecting patterns of HIE secondary to mild-to-moderate and severe hypoxias and the imaging findings are highly dependent on the time at which imaging is done. MRI helps determine the prognosis of brain development in patients with HIE.
Objective This retrospective study elucidates the spectrum of MRI findings in preterm and full-term patients with HIE on MRI.
Materials and Methods This retrospective descriptive study was conducted at a tertiary care center between April 2017 and May 2019 on 50 patients with a clinical diagnosis of HIE using a General Electric (GE) 1.5-Tesla MRI scanner. Various patterns of HIE were evaluated on MRI in preterm and full-term patients.
Results This retrospective study evaluated MRI findings in 50 infants diagnosed with HIE. Eighteen (36%) were preterm and 32 (64%) were full-term patients. Thirty-five (70%) were male and 15 (30%) were female patients. In the current study, developmental delay was the most commonly associated clinical entity in both preterm and full-term patients. In preterm patients, periventricular leukomalacia was the most prevalent MRI finding, and in full-term patients, subcortical and periventricular white matter hyperintensities on T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences were most commonly encountered.
Conclusion MRI is the primary imaging modality of choice in preterm and full-term patients with HIE, as it helps determine the severity of hypoxic–ischemic injury by understanding the pattern of brain involvement. In the current study, distinguishable patterns of MRI findings secondary to birth asphyxia and ischemic insult were elucidated in both preterm and full-term patients who are highly dependent on the level of brain maturity at the time of imaging. Regular MRI follow-up has a prognostic significance in HIE with accurate prediction of neurodevelopmental outcome on follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikanth Reddy
- Department of Radiology, St. John's Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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6
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McDowell AR, Petrova N, Carassiti D, Miquel ME, Thomas DL, Barker GJ, Schmierer K, Wood TC. High-resolution quantitative MRI of multiple sclerosis spinal cord lesions. Magn Reson Med 2022; 87:2914-2921. [PMID: 35014736 PMCID: PMC9208576 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Validation of quantitative MR measures for myelin imaging in the postmortem multiple sclerosis spinal cord. METHODS Four fixed spinal cord samples were imaged first with a 3T clinical MR scanner to identify areas of interest for scanning, and then with a 7T small bore scanner using a multicomponent-driven equilibrium single-pulse observation of T1 and T2 protocol to produce apparent proton density, T1 , T2 , myelin water, intracellular water, and free-water fraction maps. After imaging, the cords were sectioned and stained with histological markers (hematoxylin and eosin, myelin basic protein, and neurofilament protein), which were quantitatively compared with the MR maps. RESULTS Excellent correspondence was found between high-resolution MR parameter maps and histology, particularly for apparent proton density MRI and myelin basic protein staining. CONCLUSION High-resolution quantitative MRI of the spinal cord provides biologically meaningful measures, and could be beneficial to diagnose and track multiple sclerosis lesions in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R McDowell
- Queen Square Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Petrova
- The Blizard Institute (Neuroscience, Surgery & Trauma), Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Carassiti
- The Blizard Institute (Neuroscience, Surgery & Trauma), Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marc E Miquel
- Clinical Physics, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - David L Thomas
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Klaus Schmierer
- The Blizard Institute (Neuroscience, Surgery & Trauma), Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, United Kingdom.,Clinical Board Medicine (Neuroscience), Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Srivastava A, Kumar K, Banerjee J, Tripathi M, Dubey V, Sharma D, Yadav N, Sharma MC, Lalwani S, Doddamani R, Chandra PS, Dixit AB. Transcriptomic profiling of high- and low-spiking regions reveals novel epileptogenic mechanisms in focal cortical dysplasia type II patients. Mol Brain 2021; 14:120. [PMID: 34301297 PMCID: PMC8305866 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00832-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a malformation of the cerebral cortex with poorly-defined epileptogenic zones (EZs), and poor surgical outcome in FCD is associated with inaccurate localization of the EZ. Hence, identifying novel epileptogenic markers to aid in the localization of EZ in patients with FCD is very much needed. High-throughput gene expression studies of FCD samples have the potential to uncover molecular changes underlying the epileptogenic process and identify novel markers for delineating the EZ. For this purpose, we, for the first time performed RNA sequencing of surgically resected paired tissue samples obtained from electrocorticographically graded high (MAX) and low spiking (MIN) regions of FCD type II patients and autopsy controls. We identified significant changes in the MAX samples of the FCD type II patients when compared to non-epileptic controls, but not in the case of MIN samples. We found significant enrichment for myelination, oligodendrocyte development and differentiation, neuronal and axon ensheathment, phospholipid metabolism, cell adhesion and cytoskeleton, semaphorins, and ion channels in the MAX region. Through the integration of both MAX vs non-epileptic control and MAX vs MIN RNA sequencing (RNA Seq) data, PLP1, PLLP, UGT8, KLK6, SOX10, MOG, MAG, MOBP, ANLN, ERMN, SPP1, CLDN11, TNC, GPR37, SLC12A2, ABCA2, ABCA8, ASPA, P2RX7, CERS2, MAP4K4, TF, CTGF, Semaphorins, Opalin, FGFs, CALB2, and TNC were identified as potential key regulators of multiple pathways related to FCD type II pathology. We have identified novel epileptogenic marker elements that may contribute to epileptogenicity in patients with FCD and could be possible markers for the localization of EZ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Dr B R Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | | | | | - Vivek Dubey
- Department of Biophysics, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Devina Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, AIIMS, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Nitin Yadav
- Dr B R Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - M C Sharma
- Department of Pathology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Lalwani
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | | - P Sarat Chandra
- Department of Neurosurgery, AIIMS, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Aparna Banerjee Dixit
- Dr B R Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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8
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Abstract
Hypomyelinating leukodystrophies constitute a subset of genetic white matter disorders characterized by a primary lack of myelin deposition. Most patients with severe hypomyelination present in infancy or early childhood and develop severe neurological deficits, but the clinical presentation can also be mild with onset of symptoms in adolescence or adulthood. MRI can be used to visualize the process of myelination in detail, and MRI pattern recognition can provide a clinical diagnosis in many patients. Next-generation sequencing provides a definitive diagnosis in 80-90% of patients. Genes associated with hypomyelination include those that encode structural myelin proteins but also many that encode proteins involved in RNA translation and some lysosomal proteins. The precise pathomechanisms remain to be elucidated. Improved understanding of the process of myelination, the metabolic axonal support functions of myelin and the proposed contribution of myelin to CNS plasticity provide possible explanations as to why almost all patients with hypomyelination experience slow clinical decline after a long phase of stability. In this Review, we provide an overview of the hypomyelinating leukodystrophies, the advances in our understanding of myelin biology and of the genes involved in these disorders, and the insights these advances have provided into their clinical presentations and evolution.
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9
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Torres ER, Tumey TA, Dean DC, Kassahun-Yimer W, Lopez-Lambert ED, Hitchcock ME. Non-pharmacological strategies to obtain usable magnetic resonance images in non-sedated infants: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud 2020; 106:103551. [PMID: 32294563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the use of sedation is commonly practiced to keep infants still while receiving magnetic resonance imaging, non-pharmacological strategies are a potential alternative. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the success rate of obtaining usable magnetic resonance images in infants with the sole use of non-pharmacological strategies. DESIGN Systematic literature review and meta-analysis SETTING: A search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL and Cochrane Library. PARTICIPANTS Human infants from birth to 24 months of age who did not receive any sedation or anesthesia during magnetic resonance imaging METHOD: Articles that reported the success rate of obtaining usable images were included. RESULTS Of the 521 non-duplicate articles found, 58 articles were included in the systematic review with sample sizes ranging from 2-457, an average success rate of 87.8%, and an average scan time of 30 min. The most common non-pharmacological technique included feeding and swaddling infants before imaging to encourage infants to sleep during the scan. Meta-analysis performed on 53 articles comprising 3,410 infants found a success rate of 87%, but significant heterogeneity was found (I2 = 98.30%). It was more difficult to obtain usable images solely with non-pharmacological techniques if infants were critically ill or a structural magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was required. CONCLUSION Non-pharmacological techniques are effective for obtaining usable magnetic resonance imaging scans in most but not all infants. Tweetable abstract: Non-pharmacological techniques are effective for obtaining usable magnetic resonance imaging scans in most infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa R Torres
- School of Nursing, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson 39216, MS, United States.
| | - Tyler A Tumey
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, 3501 Arrowhead Dr Las Cruces, NM 88001, United States.
| | - Douglas C Dean
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison WI 53705, United States.
| | - Wondwosen Kassahun-Yimer
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, School of Population Health,2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, United States.
| | - Eloise D Lopez-Lambert
- School of Nursing, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson 39216, MS, United States
| | - Mary E Hitchcock
- Ebling Library, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 750 Highland Ave, Madison WI 53705, United States.
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10
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On the merits of non-invasive myelin imaging in epilepsy, a literature review. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 338:108687. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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11
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Zimmermann M, Oros-Peusquens AM, Iordanishvili E, Shin S, Yun SD, Abbas Z, Shah NJ. Multi-Exponential Relaxometry Using l 1 -Regularized Iterative NNLS (MERLIN) With Application to Myelin Water Fraction Imaging. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2019; 38:2676-2686. [PMID: 30990178 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2019.2910386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A new parameter estimation algorithm, MERLIN, is presented for accurate and robust multi-exponential relaxometry using magnetic resonance imaging, a tool that can provide valuable insight into the tissue microstructure of the brain. Multi-exponential relaxometry is used to analyze the myelin water fraction and can help to detect related diseases. However, the underlying problem is ill-conditioned, and as such, is extremely sensitive to noise and measurement imperfections, which can lead to less precise and more biased parameter estimates. MERLIN is a fully automated, multi-voxel approach that incorporates state-of-the-art l1 -regularization to enforce sparsity and spatial consistency of the estimated distributions. The proposed method is validated in simulations and in vivo experiments, using a multi-echo gradient-echo (MEGE) sequence at 3 T. MERLIN is compared to the conventional single-voxel l2 -regularized NNLS (rNNLS) and a multi-voxel extension with spatial priors (rNNLS + SP), where it consistently showed lower root mean squared errors of up to 70 percent for all parameters of interest in these simulations.
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12
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Drenthen GS, Fonseca Wald ELA, Backes WH, Debeij-Van Hall MHJA, Hendriksen JGM, Aldenkamp AP, Vermeulen RJ, Klinkenberg S, Jansen JFA. Lower myelin-water content of the frontal lobe in childhood absence epilepsy. Epilepsia 2019; 60:1689-1696. [PMID: 31283841 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The frontal lobe in childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) might be affected due to the suggested involvement of the frontal lobe during absence seizures and reports on attentional deficits. Previously, subtle white matter abnormalities have been reported in CAE. However, the impact of one of the most characteristic components of the white matter, the myelin content, remains underdetermined. Therefore, this study investigated whether the myelin content in frontal areas is adversely affected in CAE compared to controls. METHODS Seventeen children with childhood absence epilepsy (mean age ± standard deviation [SD], 9.2 ± 2.1 years) and 15 age- and sex-matched controls (mean age ± SD, 9.8 ± 1.8 years) underwent neuropsychological assessment and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. T2 relaxometry scans were used to distinguish myelin-water from tissue water and to determine the myelin-water fraction (MWF) in the frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, and insular lobes. A linear regression model including age and sex as covariates was used to investigate group differences. Furthermore, the relationship of MWF with cognitive performance and epilepsy characteristics was determined. RESULTS The frontal lobe revealed a significantly lower myelin-water content in children with CAE compared to controls over the developmental age range of 6-12 years (5.7 ± 1.0% vs 6.6 ± 1.1%, P = 0.02). This association was not found for any of the other four lobes (P > 0.10). No significant relation was found between myelin-water content and cognitive performance or epilepsy characteristics. SIGNIFICANCE The lower frontal myelin-water content of children with CAE in comparison with healthy controls probably reflects an altered neurodevelopmental aspect in CAE, of which the underlying mechanisms still need to be unraveled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard S Drenthen
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Eric L A Fonseca Wald
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Behavioral Sciences, Epilepsy Center Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - Walter H Backes
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jos G M Hendriksen
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Behavioral Sciences, Epilepsy Center Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - Albert P Aldenkamp
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Behavioral Sciences, Epilepsy Center Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - R Jeroen Vermeulen
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia Klinkenberg
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus F A Jansen
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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13
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Spader HS, Dean DC, LaFrance WC, Raukar NP, Cosgrove GR, Eyerly-Webb SA, Ellermeier A, Correia S, Deoni SCL, Rogg J. Prospective study of myelin water fraction changes after mild traumatic brain injury in collegiate contact sports. J Neurosurg 2019; 130:1321-1329. [PMID: 29712487 PMCID: PMC6541528 DOI: 10.3171/2017.12.jns171597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in athletes, including concussion, is increasingly being found to have long-term sequelae. Current imaging techniques have not been able to identify early damage caused by mTBI that is predictive of long-term symptoms or chronic traumatic encephalopathy. In this preliminary feasibility study, the authors investigated the use of an emerging magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique, multicomponent driven equilibrium single pulse observation of T1 and T2 (mcDESPOT), in visualizing acute and chronic white matter changes after mTBI in collegiate football and rugby players. METHODS This study was a nonrandomized, nonblinded prospective trial designed to quantify changes in the myelin water fraction (MWF), used as a surrogate MRI measure of myelin content, in a group of male collegiate football and rugby players, classified here as a contact sport player (CSP) cohort, at the time of mTBI diagnosis and 3 months after injury when the acute symptoms of the injury had resolved. In addition, differences in the MWF between the CSP cohort and a control cohort of noncontact sport players (NCSPs) were quantified. T-tests and a threshold-free cluster enhancement (TFCE) statistical analysis technique were used to identify brain structures with significant changes in the MWF between the CSP and NCSP cohorts and between immediately postinjury and follow-up images obtained in the CSP cohort. RESULTS Brain MR images of 12 right-handed male CSPs were analyzed and compared with brain images of 10 right-handed male NCSPs from the same institution. A comparison of CSP and NCSP baseline images using TFCE showed significantly higher MWFs in the bilateral basal ganglia, anterior and posterior corpora callosa, left corticospinal tract, and left anterior and superior temporal lobe (p < 0.05). At the 3-month follow-up examination, images from the CSP cohort still showed significantly higher MWFs than those identified on baseline images from the NCSP cohort in the bilateral basal ganglia, anterior and posterior corpora callosa, and left anterior temporal lobe, and also in the bilateral corticospinal tracts, parahippocampal gyrus, and bilateral juxtapositional (previously known as supplemental motor) areas (p < 0.05). In the CSP cohort, a t-test comparing the MWF at the time of injury and 3 months later showed a significant increase in the overall MWF at follow-up (p < 0.005). These increases were greatest in the bilateral basal ganglia and deep white matter. MWF decreases were seen in more superficial white matter (p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS In this preliminary study, MWF was found to be increased in the brains of CSPs compared with the brains of controls, suggesting acute/chronic MWF alterations in CSPs from previous injuries. Increases in the MWF were also demonstrated in the brains of CSPs 3 months after the players sustained an mTBI. The full clinical significance of an increased MWF and whether this reflects axon neuropathology or disorderly remyelination leading to hypermyelination has yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather S Spader
- 1Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, and
| | - Douglas C Dean
- 2Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin
| | - W Curt LaFrance
- 3Division of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology
- 4Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior
- 5Department of Neurology, and
| | | | - G Rees Cosgrove
- 10Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Stephen Correia
- 4Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior
- 9Providence VA Medical Center, Providence; and
| | - Sean C L Deoni
- 11Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, School of Engineering, Brown University; and
- 12Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Pawtucket, Rhode Island; and
| | - Jeffrey Rogg
- 7Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Rhode Island Hospital
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14
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Bouhrara M, Reiter DA, Maring MC, Bonny JM, Spencer RG. Use of the NESMA Filter to Improve Myelin Water Fraction Mapping with Brain MRI. J Neuroimaging 2018; 28:640-649. [PMID: 29999204 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Myelin water fraction (MWF) mapping permits direct visualization of myelination patterns in the developing brain and in pathology. MWF is conventionally measured through multiexponential T2 analysis which is very sensitive to noise, leading to inaccuracies in derived MWF estimates. Although noise reduction filters may be applied during postprocessing, conventional filtering can introduce bias and obscure small structures and edges. Advanced nonblurring filters, while effective, exhibit a high level of complexity and the requirement for supervised implementation for optimal performance. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the ability of the recently introduced nonlocal estimation of multispectral magnitudes (NESMA) filter to greatly improve the determination of MWF parameter estimates from gradient and spin echo (GRASE) imaging data. METHODS We evaluated the performance of the NESMA filter for MWF mapping from clinical GRASE imaging data of the human brain, and compared the results to those calculated from unfiltered images. Numerical and in vivo analyses of the brains of three subjects, representing different ages, were conducted. RESULTS Our results demonstrated the potential of the NESMA filter to permit high-quality in vivo MWF mapping. Indeed, NESMA permits substantial reduction of random variation in derived MWF estimates while preserving accuracy and detail. CONCLUSIONS In vivo estimation of MWF in the human brain from GRASE imaging data was markedly improved through use of the NESMA filter. The use of NESMA may contribute to the goal of high-quality MWF mapping in clinically feasible imaging times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Bouhrara
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD
| | - David A Reiter
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Michael C Maring
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Richard G Spencer
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD
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15
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Shah MN, Mitra A, Goyal MS, Snyder AZ, Zhang J, Shimony JS, Limbrick DD, Raichle ME, Smyth MD. Resting state signal latency predicts laterality in pediatric medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. Childs Nerv Syst 2018; 34:901-910. [PMID: 29511809 PMCID: PMC5897166 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-018-3770-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) affects resting state brain networks in adults. This study aims to correlate resting state functional MRI (rsMRI) signal latency in pediatric TLE patients with their laterality. METHODS From 2006 to 2016, 26 surgical TLE patients (12 left, 14 right) with a mean age of 10.7 years (range 0.9-18) were prospectively studied. Preoperative rsMRI was obtained in patients with concordant lateralizing structural MRI, EEG, and PET studies. Standard preprocessing techniques and seed-based rsMRI analyses were performed. Additionally, the latency in rsMRI signal between each 6 mm voxel sampled was examined, compared to the global mean signal, and projected onto standard atlas space for individuals and the cohort. RESULTS All but one of the 26 patients improved seizure frequency postoperatively with a mean follow-up of 2.9 years (range 0-7.7), with 21 patients seizure-free. When grouped for epileptogenic laterality, the latency map qualitatively demonstrated that the right TLE patients had a relatively early signal pattern, whereas the left TLE patients had a relatively late signal pattern compared to the global mean signal in the right temporal lobe. Quantitatively, the two groups had significantly different signal latency clusters in the bilateral temporal lobes (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION There are functional MR signal latency changes in medical refractory pediatric TLE patients. Qualitatively, signal latency in the right temporal lobe precedes the mean signal in right TLE patients and is delayed in left TLE patients. With larger confirmatory studies, preoperative rsMRI latency analysis may offer an inexpensive, noninvasive adjunct modality to lateralize pediatric TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish N Shah
- Departments of Pediatric Surgery and Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, 6431 Fannin St, MSB 5.144, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Anish Mitra
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Manu S Goyal
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Abraham Z Snyder
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Departments of Pediatric Surgery and Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, 6431 Fannin St, MSB 5.144, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Joshua S Shimony
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - David D Limbrick
- Department of Neurological Surgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Marcus E Raichle
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Matthew D Smyth
- Department of Neurological Surgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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16
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Ouyang M, Dubois J, Yu Q, Mukherjee P, Huang H. Delineation of early brain development from fetuses to infants with diffusion MRI and beyond. Neuroimage 2018; 185:836-850. [PMID: 29655938 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic macrostructural and microstructural changes take place from the mid-fetal stage to 2 years after birth. Delineating structural changes of the brain during early development provides new insights into the complicated processes of both typical development and the pathological mechanisms underlying various psychiatric and neurological disorders including autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia. Decades of histological studies have identified strong spatial and functional maturation gradients in human brain gray and white matter. The recent improvements in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, especially diffusion MRI (dMRI), relaxometry imaging, and magnetization transfer imaging (MTI) have provided unprecedented opportunities to non-invasively quantify and map the early developmental changes at whole brain and regional levels. Here, we review the recent advances in understanding early brain structural development during the second half of gestation and the first two postnatal years using modern MR techniques. Specifically, we review studies that delineate the emergence and microstructural maturation of white matter tracts, as well as dynamic mapping of inhomogeneous cortical microstructural organization unique to fetuses and infants. These imaging studies converge into maturational curves of MRI measurements that are distinctive across different white matter tracts and cortical regions. Furthermore, contemporary models offering biophysical interpretations of the dMRI-derived measurements are illustrated to infer the underlying microstructural changes. Collectively, this review summarizes findings that contribute to charting spatiotemporally heterogeneous gray and white matter structural development, offering MRI-based biomarkers of typical brain development and setting the stage for understanding aberrant brain development in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Ouyang
- Radiology Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jessica Dubois
- INSERM, UMR992, CEA, NeuroSpin Center, University Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Qinlin Yu
- Radiology Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Pratik Mukherjee
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Hao Huang
- Radiology Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, United States.
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Jurick SM, Bangen KJ, Evangelista ND, Sanderson-Cimino M, Delano-Wood L, Jak AJ. Advanced neuroimaging to quantify myelin in vivo: Application to mild TBI. Brain Inj 2018; 30:1452-1457. [PMID: 27834545 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2016.1219064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Difficulty providing accurate diagnosis and prognosis, especially after mild forms of traumatic brain injury (TBI), has increased efforts to detect changes in white matter microstructure using advanced neuroimaging techniques. Although methods such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have greatly increased knowledge of white matter changes resulting from TBI, several shortcomings limit the utility of these techniques particularly when applied to populations with mild TBI (mTBI) history. In vivo imaging of myelin may be particularly well suited to detect changes in white matter microstructure resulting from mTBI. REVIEW This manuscript will briefly review the animal and histological data supporting the important role of myelin following TBI, contributions and shortcomings of the use of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in mild TBI and the utility of multi-component relaxometry (MCR) techniques as a method for improved visualizing of white matter microstructural integrity in myelin. CONCLUSION The use of MCR-based techniques has potential as a clinical and research tool to assess and track changes in myelin as well as the common behavioural changes such as slowed processing speed following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Jurick
- a San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Veterans Medical Research Foundation , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - K J Bangen
- c Department of Psychiatry , University of California San Diego , San Diego , CA , USA.,d Research Service
| | - N D Evangelista
- b Veterans Medical Research Foundation , San Diego , CA , USA.,d Research Service
| | | | - L Delano-Wood
- b Veterans Medical Research Foundation , San Diego , CA , USA.,c Department of Psychiatry , University of California San Diego , San Diego , CA , USA.,d Research Service.,e Psychology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - A J Jak
- b Veterans Medical Research Foundation , San Diego , CA , USA.,c Department of Psychiatry , University of California San Diego , San Diego , CA , USA.,d Research Service.,e Psychology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego , CA , USA
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18
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Dean DC, Hurley SA, Kecskemeti SR, O'Grady JP, Canda C, Davenport-Sis NJ, Carlsson CM, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Asthana S, Sager MA, Johnson SC, Alexander AL, Bendlin BB. Association of Amyloid Pathology With Myelin Alteration in Preclinical Alzheimer Disease. JAMA Neurol 2017; 74:41-49. [PMID: 27842175 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.3232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Importance The accumulation of aggregated β-amyloid and tau proteins into plaques and tangles is a central feature of Alzheimer disease (AD). While plaque and tangle accumulation likely contributes to neuron and synapse loss, disease-related changes to oligodendrocytes and myelin are also suspected of playing a role in development of AD dementia. Still, to our knowledge, little is known about AD-related myelin changes, and even when present, they are often regarded as secondary to concomitant arteriosclerosis or related to aging. Objective To assess associations between hallmark AD pathology and novel quantitative neuroimaging markers while being sensitive to white matter myelin content. Design, Setting, and Participants Magnetic resonance imaging was performed at an academic research neuroimaging center on a cohort of 71 cognitively asymptomatic adults enriched for AD risk. Lumbar punctures were performed and assayed for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of AD pathology, including β-amyloid 42, total tau protein, phosphorylated tau 181, and soluble amyloid precursor protein. We measured whole-brain longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates as well as the myelin water fraction from each of these individuals. Main Outcomes and Measures Automated brain mapping algorithms and statistical models were used to evaluate the relationships between age, CSF biomarkers of AD pathology, and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging relaxometry measures, including the longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates and the myelin water fraction. Results The mean (SD) age for the 19 male participants and 52 female participants in the study was 61.6 (6.4) years. Widespread age-related changes to myelin were observed across the brain, particularly in late myelinating brain regions such as frontal white matter and the genu of the corpus callosum. Quantitative relaxometry measures were negatively associated with levels of CSF biomarkers across brain white matter and in areas preferentially affected in AD. Furthermore, significant age-by-biomarker interactions were observed between myelin water fraction and phosphorylated tau 181/β-amyloid 42, suggesting that phosphorylated tau 181/β-amyloid 42 levels modulate age-related changes in myelin water fraction. Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest amyloid pathologies significantly influence white matter and that these abnormalities may signify an early feature of the disease process. We expect that clarifying the nature of myelin damage in preclinical AD may be informative on the disease's course and lead to new markers of efficacy for prevention and treatment trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel A Hurley
- Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | | | - J Patrick O'Grady
- Alzheimer Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - Cristybelle Canda
- Alzheimer Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - Nancy J Davenport-Sis
- Alzheimer Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison4Wisconsin Alzheimer Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - Cynthia M Carlsson
- Alzheimer Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison5Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden7Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, England
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Alzheimer Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison4Wisconsin Alzheimer Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison5Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mark A Sager
- Alzheimer Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison4Wisconsin Alzheimer Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Alzheimer Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison4Wisconsin Alzheimer Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison5Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Andrew L Alexander
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison8Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison9Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Alzheimer Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison5Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
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19
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Denison FC, Macnaught G, Semple SIK, Terris G, Walker J, Anblagan D, Serag A, Reynolds RM, Boardman JP. Brain Development in Fetuses of Mothers with Diabetes: A Case-Control MR Imaging Study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:1037-1044. [PMID: 28302607 PMCID: PMC7960386 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Offspring exposed to maternal diabetes are at increased risk of neurocognitive impairment, but its origins are unknown. With MR imaging, we investigated the feasibility of comprehensive assessment of brain metabolism (1H-MRS), microstructure (DWI), and macrostructure (structural MRI) in third-trimester fetuses in women with diabetes and determined normal ranges for the MR imaging parameters measured. MATERIALS AND METHODS Women with singleton pregnancies with diabetes (n = 26) and healthy controls (n = 26) were recruited prospectively for MR imaging studies between 34 and 38 weeks' gestation. RESULTS Data suitable for postprocessing were obtained from 79%, 71%, and 46% of women for 1H-MRS, DWI, and structural MRI, respectively. There was no difference in the NAA/Cho and NAA/Cr ratios (mean [SD]) in the fetal brain in women with diabetes compared with controls (1.74 [0.79] versus 1.79 [0.64], P = .81; and 0.78 [0.28] versus 0.94 [0.36], P = .12, respectively), but the Cho/Cr ratio was marginally lower (0.46 [0.11] versus 0.53 [0.10], P = .04). There was no difference in mean [SD] anterior white, posterior white, and deep gray matter ADC between patients and controls (1.16 [0.12] versus 1.16 [0.08], P = .96; 1.54 [0.16] versus 1.59 [0.20], P = .56; and 1.49 [0.23] versus 1.52 [0.23], P = .89, respectively) or volume of the cerebrum (243.0 mL [22.7 mL] versus 253.8 mL [31.6 mL], P = .38). CONCLUSIONS Acquiring multimodal MR imaging of the fetal brain at 3T from pregnant women with diabetes is feasible. Further study of fetal brain metabolism in maternal diabetes is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Denison
- From the Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health (F.C.D., D.A., A.S., J.P.B.), University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - G Macnaught
- Clinical Research Imaging Centre (G.M., S.I.K.S.)
| | - S I K Semple
- Clinical Research Imaging Centre (G.M., S.I.K.S.)
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (S.I.K.S., R.M.R.)
| | - G Terris
- Simpson Centre for Reproductive Health (G.T., J.W.), Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Walker
- Simpson Centre for Reproductive Health (G.T., J.W.), Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D Anblagan
- From the Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health (F.C.D., D.A., A.S., J.P.B.), University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (D.A., J.P.B.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Serag
- From the Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health (F.C.D., D.A., A.S., J.P.B.), University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R M Reynolds
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science (S.I.K.S., R.M.R.)
| | - J P Boardman
- From the Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health (F.C.D., D.A., A.S., J.P.B.), University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (D.A., J.P.B.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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20
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Dubois J, Adibpour P, Poupon C, Hertz-Pannier L, Dehaene-Lambertz G. MRI and M/EEG studies of the White Matter Development in Human Fetuses and Infants: Review and Opinion. Brain Plast 2016; 2:49-69. [PMID: 29765848 PMCID: PMC5928537 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-160031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Already during the last trimester of gestation, functional responses are recorded in foetuses and preterm newborns, attesting an already complex cerebral architecture. Then throughout childhood, anatomical connections are further refined but at different rates and over asynchronous periods across functional networks. Concurrently, infants gradually achieve new psychomotor and cognitive skills. Only the recent use of non-invasive techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magneto- and electroencephalography (M/EEG) has opened the possibility to understand the relationships between brain maturation and skills development in vivo. In this review, we describe how these techniques have been applied to study the white matter maturation. At the structural level, the early architecture and myelination of bundles have been assessed with diffusion and relaxometry MRI, recently integrated in multi-compartment models and multi-parametric approaches. Nevertheless, technical limitations prevent us to map major developmental mechanisms such as fibers growth and pruning, and the progressive maturation at the bundle scale in case of mixing trajectories. At the functional level, M/EEG have been used to record different visual, somatosensory and auditory evoked responses. Because the conduction velocity of neural impulses increases with the myelination of connections, major changes in the components latency are observed throughout development. But so far, only a few studies have related structural and functional markers of white matter myelination. Such multi-modal approaches will be a major challenge in future research, not only to understand normal development, but also to characterize early mechanisms of pathologies and the influence of fetal and perinatal interventions on later outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Dubois
- INSERM, UMR992; CEA, NeuroSpin Center; University Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Parvaneh Adibpour
- INSERM, UMR992; CEA, NeuroSpin Center; University Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Cyril Poupon
- CEA, NeuroSpin Center, UNIRS; University Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lucie Hertz-Pannier
- CEA, NeuroSpin Center, UNIACT; University Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; INSERM, UMR1129; University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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21
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Dean DC, Sojkova J, Hurley S, Kecskemeti S, Okonkwo O, Bendlin BB, Theisen F, Johnson SC, Alexander AL, Gallagher CL. Alterations of Myelin Content in Parkinson's Disease: A Cross-Sectional Neuroimaging Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163774. [PMID: 27706215 PMCID: PMC5051727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations to myelin may be a core pathological feature of neurodegenerative diseases. Although white matter microstructural differences have been described in Parkinson's disease (PD), it is unknown whether such differences include alterations of the brain’s myelin content. Thus, the objective of the current study is to measure and compare brain myelin content between PD patients and age-matched controls. In this cross-sectional study, 63 participants from the Longitudinal MRI in Parkinson's Disease study underwent brain MRI, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scoring, and cognitive asessments. Subjects were imaged with the mcDEPSOT (multi-component driven equilibrium single pulse observation of T1 and T2), a multicomponent relaxometry technique that quantifies longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates (R1 and R2, respectively) and the myelin water fraction (VFM), a surrogate for myelin content. A voxel-wise approach was used to compare R1, R2, and VFM measures between PD and control groups, and to evaluate relationships with age as well as disease duration, UPDRS scores, and daily levodopa equivalent dose. PD subjects had higher VFM than controls in frontal and temporal white matter and bilateral thalamus. Greater age was strongly associated with lower VFM in both groups, while an age-by-group interaction suggested a slower rate of VFM decline in the left putamen with aging in PD. Within the PD group, measures of disease severity, including UPDRS, daily levodopa equivalent dose, and disease duration, were observed to be related with myelin content in diffuse brain regions. The age-by-group interaction suggests that either PD or dopaminergic therapies allay observed age-related myelin changes. The relationships between VFM and disease severity measures suggests that VFM may provide a surrogate marker for microstructural changes related to Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C Dean
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jitka Sojkova
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America.,Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Samuel Hurley
- Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Kecskemeti
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ozioma Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Frances Theisen
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America.,Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Andrew L Alexander
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America.,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Catherine L Gallagher
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America.,Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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22
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Garden GA, Campbell BM. Glial biomarkers in human central nervous system disease. Glia 2016; 64:1755-71. [PMID: 27228454 PMCID: PMC5575821 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing understanding that aberrant GLIA function is an underlying factor in psychiatric and neurological disorders. As drug discovery efforts begin to focus on glia-related targets, a key gap in knowledge includes the availability of validated biomarkers to help determine which patients suffer from dysfunction of glial cells or who may best respond by targeting glia-related drug mechanisms. Biomarkers are biological variables with a significant relationship to parameters of disease states and can be used as surrogate markers of disease pathology, progression, and/or responses to drug treatment. For example, imaging studies of the CNS enable localization and characterization of anatomical lesions without the need to isolate tissue for biopsy. Many biomarkers of disease pathology in the CNS involve assays of glial cell function and/or response to injury. Each major glia subtype (oligodendroglia, astroglia and microglia) are connected to a number of important and useful biomarkers. Here, we describe current and emerging glial based biomarker approaches for acute CNS injury and the major categories of chronic nervous system dysfunction including neurodegenerative, neuropsychiatric, neoplastic, and autoimmune disorders of the CNS. These descriptions are highlighted in the context of how biomarkers are employed to better understand the role of glia in human CNS disease and in the development of novel therapeutic treatments. GLIA 2016;64:1755-1771.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenn A. Garden
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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23
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Brossard-Racine M, Limperopoulos C. Normal Cerebellar Development by Qualitative and Quantitative MR Imaging. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2016; 26:331-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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24
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Dean DC, O'Muircheartaigh J, Dirks H, Travers BG, Adluru N, Alexander AL, Deoni SCL. Mapping an index of the myelin g-ratio in infants using magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroimage 2016; 132:225-237. [PMID: 26908314 PMCID: PMC4851913 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal myelination of neuronal axons is essential for effective brain and cognitive function. The ratio of the axon diameter to the outer fiber diameter, known as the g-ratio, is a reliable measure to assess axonal myelination and is an important index reflecting the efficiency and maximal conduction velocity of white matter pathways. Although advanced neuroimaging techniques including multicomponent relaxometry (MCR) and diffusion tensor imaging afford insight into the microstructural characteristics of brain tissue, by themselves they do not allow direct analysis of the myelin g-ratio. Here, we show that by combining myelin content information (obtained with mcDESPOT MCR) with neurite density information (obtained through NODDI diffusion imaging) an index of the myelin g-ratio may be estimated. Using this framework, we present the first quantitative study of myelin g-ratio index changes across childhood, examining 18 typically developing children 3months to 7.5years of age. We report a spatio-temporal pattern of maturation that is consistent with histological and developmental MRI studies, as well as theoretical studies of the myelin g-ratio. This work represents the first ever in vivo visualization of the evolution of white matter g-ratio indices throughout early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C Dean
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | | | - Holly Dirks
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Brown University School of Engineering, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Brittany G Travers
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Nagesh Adluru
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Andrew L Alexander
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53719, USA; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Sean C L Deoni
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Brown University School of Engineering, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Department of Pediatric Radiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA
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25
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Lugar HM, Koller JM, Rutlin J, Marshall BA, Kanekura K, Urano F, Bischoff AN, Shimony JS, Hershey T. Neuroimaging evidence of deficient axon myelination in Wolfram syndrome. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21167. [PMID: 26888576 PMCID: PMC4758056 DOI: 10.1038/srep21167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Wolfram syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease characterized by insulin dependent diabetes and vision, hearing and brain abnormalities which generally emerge in childhood. Mutations in the WFS1 gene predispose cells to endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis and may induce myelin degradation in neuronal cell models. However, in vivo evidence of this phenomenon in humans is lacking. White matter microstructure and regional volumes were measured using magnetic resonance imaging in children and young adults with Wolfram syndrome (n = 21) and healthy and diabetic controls (n = 50). Wolfram patients had lower fractional anisotropy and higher radial diffusivity in major white matter tracts and lower volume in the basilar (ventral) pons, cerebellar white matter and visual cortex. Correlations were found between key brain findings and overall neurological symptoms. This pattern of findings suggests that reduction in myelin is a primary neuropathological feature of Wolfram syndrome. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-related dysfunction in Wolfram syndrome may interact with the development of myelin or promote degeneration of myelin during the progression of the disease. These measures may provide objective indices of Wolfram syndrome pathophysiology that will be useful in unraveling the underlying mechanisms and in testing the impact of treatments on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Lugar
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jonathan M Koller
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jerrel Rutlin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bess A Marshall
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kohsuke Kanekura
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fumihiko Urano
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Allison N Bischoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joshua S Shimony
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tamara Hershey
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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26
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Ozcan UA, Isik U, Ozpinar A, Baykan N, Dincer A. Assessment of sedated pediatric brain with 3D-FLAIR sequence at 3T MRI. Brain Dev 2015; 37:495-500. [PMID: 25282484 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In sedated pediatric brains, 2D-FLAIR causes increased signal intensity of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leading to false-positive diagnoses. Our aim is to determine whether increased CSF signal intensity is observed on 3D-FLAIR images. METHODS In this institutional review board-approved study, a 2-year retrospective analysis of our MRI database was conducted which revealed 48 sedated pediatric patients with normal cranial MRI findings and 3D-FLAIR sequence. One adult volunteer was imaged before and after O2 inhalation with 2D and 3D-FLAIR sequences. The hyperintensity in the subarachnoid spaces and basal cisterns were quantified as follows: 0: artifact free; 1: homogeneous minimal CSF signal; 2: abnormal CSF signal. Inter-observer agreement was assessed with kappa agreement analysis. RESULTS Grade 0 and grade 1 signals were observed at inferior to Liliequist membrane (LLQ) in 48/48 and 0/48 cases; prepontine cistern 47/48 and 1/48; superior to LLQ 26/48 and 22/48; 4th ventricle 16/48 and 32/48; 3rd ventricle 34/48 and 14/48; lateral ventricle 3/48 and 45/48; subarachnoid space 36/48 and 12/48, respectively. No patients showed grade 2 signal. Inter-observer agreement was 0.81-1. In the volunteer, after O2 inhalation, grade 2 signal intensity was evident on 2D-FLAIR however; 3D-FLAIR did not show any signal increase. CONCLUSIONS In sedated pediatric brains, 3D-FLAIR suppresses CSF signal, and enables reliable assessment free from CSF artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umit Aksoy Ozcan
- Department of Radiology, Acibadem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ugur Isik
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Acibadem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alp Ozpinar
- Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nigar Baykan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Acibadem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alp Dincer
- Department of Radiology, Acibadem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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27
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Dubois J, Dehaene-Lambertz G, Kulikova S, Poupon C, Hüppi PS, Hertz-Pannier L. The early development of brain white matter: A review of imaging studies in fetuses, newborns and infants. Neuroscience 2014; 276:48-71. [PMID: 24378955 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 494] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Dubois
- INSERM, U992, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; CEA, NeuroSpin Center, UNICOG, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; University Paris Sud, Orsay, France.
| | - G Dehaene-Lambertz
- INSERM, U992, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; CEA, NeuroSpin Center, UNICOG, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; University Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - S Kulikova
- CEA, NeuroSpin Center, UNIACT, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; INSERM, U663, Child epilepsies and brain plasticity, Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - C Poupon
- CEA, NeuroSpin Center, UNIRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - P S Hüppi
- Geneva University Hospitals, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Development and Growth, Geneva, Switzerland; Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Hertz-Pannier
- CEA, NeuroSpin Center, UNIACT, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; INSERM, U663, Child epilepsies and brain plasticity, Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Miller TR, Mohan S, Choudhri AF, Gandhi D, Jindal G. Advances in multiple sclerosis and its variants: conventional and newer imaging techniques. Radiol Clin North Am 2014; 52:321-36. [PMID: 24582342 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and its variants are inflammatory as well as neurodegenerative diseases that diffusely affect the central nervous system (CNS). There is a poor correlation between traditional imaging findings and symptoms in patients with MS. Current research in conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of MS and related diseases includes optimization of hardware and pulse sequences and the development of automated and semiautomated techniques to measure and quantify disease burden. Advanced nonconventional MR techniques such as diffusion tensor and functional MR imaging probe the changes found in the CNS, and correlate these findings with clinical measures of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Miller
- Neuroradiology Division, Department of Radiology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Suyash Mohan
- Neuroradiology Division, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Asim F Choudhri
- Neuroradiology Division, Department of Radiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Dheeraj Gandhi
- Neuroradiology Division, Department of Radiology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Gaurav Jindal
- Neuroradiology Division, Department of Radiology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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McAdams CJ, Krawczyk DC. Neural Responses during Social and Self-Knowledge Tasks in Bulimia Nervosa. Front Psychiatry 2013; 4:103. [PMID: 24065928 PMCID: PMC3770922 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-evaluation closely dependent upon body shape and weight is one of the defining criteria for bulimia nervosa (BN). We studied 53 adult women, 17 with BN, 18 with a recent history of anorexia nervosa (AN), and 18 healthy comparison women, using three different fMRI tasks that required thinking about self-knowledge and social interactions: the Social Identity task, the Physical Identity task, and the Social Attribution task. Previously, we identified regions of interest (ROI) in the same tasks using whole-brain voxel-wise comparisons of the healthy comparison women and women with a recent history of AN. Here, we report on the neural activations in those ROIs in subjects with BN. In the Social Attribution task, we examined activity in the right temporoparietal junction (RTPJ), an area frequently associated with mentalization. In the Social Identity task, we examined activity in the precuneus (PreC) and dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC). In the Physical Identity task, we examined activity in a ventral region of the dACC. Interestingly, in all tested regions, the average activation in subjects with bulimia was more than the average activation levels seen in the subjects with a history of anorexia but less than that seen in healthy subjects. In three regions, the RTPJ, the PreC, and the dACC, group responses in the subjects with bulimia were significantly different from healthy subjects but not subjects with anorexia. The neural activations of people with BN performing fMRI tasks engaging social processing are more similar to people with AN than healthy people. This suggests biological measures of social processes may be helpful in characterizing individuals with eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie J McAdams
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX , USA
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