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Dibdiakova K, Majercikova Z, Galanda T, Richterova R, Kolarovszki B, Racay P, Hatok J. Relationship between the Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Tissue Inhibitors in Patients with Brain Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2858. [PMID: 38474106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs) play critical roles in regulating processes associated with malignant behavior. These endopeptidases selectively degrade components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), growth factors, and their receptors, contributing to cancer cell invasiveness and migratory characteristics by disrupting the basal membrane. However, the expression profile and role of various matrix metalloproteinases remain unclear, and only a few studies have focused on differences between diagnoses of brain tumors. Using quantitative real-time PCR analysis, we identified the expression pattern of ECM modulators (n = 10) in biopsies from glioblastoma (GBM; n = 20), astrocytoma (AST; n = 9), and meningioma (MNG; n = 19) patients. We found eight deregulated genes in the glioblastoma group compared to the benign meningioma group, with only MMP9 (FC = 2.55; p = 0.09) and TIMP4 (7.28; p < 0.0001) upregulated in an aggressive form. The most substantial positive change in fold regulation for all tumors was detected in matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MNG = 30.9, AST = 4.28, and GBM = 4.12). Notably, we observed an influence of TIMP1, demonstrating a positive correlation with MMP8, MMP9, and MMP10 in tumor samples. Subsequently, we examined the protein levels of the investigated MMPs (n = 7) and TIMPs (n = 3) via immunodetection. We confirmed elevated levels of MMPs and TIMPs in GBM patients compared to meningiomas and astrocytomas. Even when correlating glioblastomas versus astrocytomas, we showed a significantly increased level of MMP1, MMP3, MMP13, and TIMP1. The identified metalloproteases may play a key role in the process of gliomagenesis and may represent potential targets for personalized therapy. However, as we have not confirmed the relationship between mRNA expression and protein levels in individual samples, it is therefore natural that the regulation of metalloproteases will be subject to several factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Dibdiakova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 11161/4D, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 11161/4C, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Majercikova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 11161/4D, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Galanda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roosevelt Hospital, Slovak Medical University, Nam. L. Svobodu 1, 97517 Banska Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Romana Richterova
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, University Hospital in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Branislav Kolarovszki
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, University Hospital in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Racay
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 11161/4D, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Hatok
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 11161/4D, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
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Mamun AA, Uddin MS, Perveen A, Jha NK, Alghamdi BS, Jeandet P, Zhang HJ, Ashraf GM. Inflammation-targeted nanomedicine against brain cancer: From design strategies to future developments. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:101-116. [PMID: 36084815 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Brain cancer is an aggressive type of cancer with poor prognosis. While the immune system protects against cancer in the early stages, the tumor exploits the healing arm of inflammatory reactions to accelerate its growth and spread. Various immune cells penetrate the developing tumor region, establishing a pro-inflammatory tumor milieu. Additionally, tumor cells may release chemokines and cytokines to attract immune cells and promote cancer growth. Inflammation and its associated mechanisms in the progression of cancer have been extensively studied in the majority of solid tumors, especially brain tumors. However, treatment of the malignant brain cancer is hindered by several obstacles, such as the blood-brain barrier, transportation inside the brain interstitium, inflammatory mediators that promote tumor growth and invasiveness, complications in administering therapies to tumor cells specifically, the highly invasive nature of gliomas, and the resistance to drugs. To resolve these obstacles, nanomedicine could be a potential strategy that has facilitated advancements in diagnosing and treating brain cancer. Due to the numerous benefits provided by their small size and other features, nanoparticles have been a prominent focus of research in the drug-delivery field. The purpose of this article is to discuss the role of inflammatory mediators and signaling pathways in brain cancer as well as the recent advances in understanding the nano-carrier approaches for enhancing drug delivery to the brain in the treatment of brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Asma Perveen
- Glocal School of Life Sciences, Glocal University, Mirzapur Pole, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Badrah S Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; The Neuroscience Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Research Unit, Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, PO Box 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Hong-Jie Zhang
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
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Tamai S, Ichinose T, Tsutsui T, Tanaka S, Garaeva F, Sabit H, Nakada M. Tumor Microenvironment in Glioma Invasion. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12040505. [PMID: 35448036 PMCID: PMC9031400 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12040505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A major malignant trait of gliomas is their remarkable infiltration capacity. When glioma develops, the tumor cells have already reached the distant part. Therefore, complete removal of the glioma is impossible. Recently, research on the involvement of the tumor microenvironment in glioma invasion has advanced. Local hypoxia triggers cell migration as an environmental factor. The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) -1α, produced in tumor cells under hypoxia, promotes the transcription of various invasion related molecules. The extracellular matrix surrounding tumors is degraded by proteases secreted by tumor cells and simultaneously replaced by an extracellular matrix that promotes infiltration. Astrocytes and microglia become tumor-associated astrocytes and glioma-associated macrophages/microglia, respectively, in relation to tumor cells. These cells also promote glioma invasion. Interactions between glioma cells actively promote infiltration of each other. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy transform the microenvironment, allowing glioma cells to invade. These findings indicate that the tumor microenvironment may be a target for glioma invasion. On the other hand, because the living body actively promotes tumor infiltration in response to the tumor, it is necessary to reconsider whether the invasion itself is friend or foe to the brain.
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Łukaszewicz-Zając M, Dulewicz M, Mroczko B. A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM) Family: Their Significance in Malignant Tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910378. [PMID: 34638718 PMCID: PMC8508774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the considerable advances in diagnostic methods in medicine, central nervous system (CNS) tumors, particularly the most common ones-gliomas-remain incurable, with similar incidence rates and mortality. A growing body of literature has revealed that degradation of the extracellular matrix by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) might be involved in the pathogenesis of CNS tumors. However, the subfamily of MMPs, known as disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) proteins are unique due to both adhesive and proteolytic activities. The objective of our review is to present the role of ADAMs in CNS tumors, particularly their involvement in the development of malignant gliomas. Moreover, we focus on the diagnostic and prognostic significance of selected ADAMs in patients with these neoplasms. It has been proven that ADAM12, ADAMTS4 and 5 are implicated in the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells. In addition, ADAM8 and ADAM19 are correlated with the invasive activity of glioma cells and unfavorable survival, while ADAM9, -10 and -17 are associated with tumor grade and histological type of gliomas and can be used as prognostic factors. In conclusion, several ADAMs might serve as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets for malignant CNS tumors. However, future research on ADAMs biology should be performed to elucidate new strategies for tumor diagnosis and treatment of patients with these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Łukaszewicz-Zając
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-8318785; Fax: +48-85-8318585
| | - Maciej Dulewicz
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
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Tsitlakidis A, Tsingotjidou AS, Kritis A, Cheva A, Selviaridis P, Aifantis EC, Foroglou N. Atomic Force Microscope Nanoindentation Analysis of Diffuse Astrocytic Tumor Elasticity: Relation with Tumor Histopathology. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4539. [PMID: 34572766 PMCID: PMC8465072 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the influence of isocitrate dehydrogenase gene family (IDH) mutations, World Health Organization (WHO) grade, and mechanical preconditioning on glioma and adjacent brain elasticity through standard monotonic and repetitive atomic force microscope (AFM) nanoindentation. The elastic modulus was measured ex vivo on fresh tissue specimens acquired during craniotomy from the tumor and the peritumoral white matter of 16 diffuse glioma patients. Linear mixed-effects models examined the impact of tumor traits and preconditioning on tissue elasticity. Tissues from IDH-mutant cases were stiffer than those from IDH-wildtype ones among anaplastic astrocytoma patients (p = 0.0496) but of similar elasticity to IDH-wildtype cases for diffuse astrocytoma patients (p = 0.480). The tumor was found to be non-significantly softer than white matter in anaplastic astrocytomas (p = 0.070), but of similar elasticity to adjacent brain in diffuse astrocytomas (p = 0.492) and glioblastomas (p = 0.593). During repetitive indentation, both tumor (p = 0.002) and white matter (p = 0.003) showed initial stiffening followed by softening. Stiffening was fully reversed in white matter (p = 0.942) and partially reversed in tumor (p = 0.015). Tissue elasticity comprises a phenotypic characteristic closely related to glioma histopathology. Heterogeneity between patients should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Tsitlakidis
- First Department of Neurosurgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.S.); (N.F.)
| | - Anastasia S. Tsingotjidou
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Aristeidis Kritis
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Angeliki Cheva
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Panagiotis Selviaridis
- First Department of Neurosurgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.S.); (N.F.)
| | - Elias C. Aifantis
- Laboratory of Mechanics and Materials, Polytechnic School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Nicolas Foroglou
- First Department of Neurosurgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.S.); (N.F.)
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Tsitlakidis A, Aifantis EC, Kritis A, Tsingotjidou AS, Cheva A, Selviaridis P, Foroglou N. Mechanical properties of human glioma. Neurol Res 2020; 42:1018-1026. [PMID: 32705967 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2020.1796381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Brain gliomas represent some of the most aggressive tumors encountered by modern medicine and, despite major efforts to optimize early diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis remains poor. Due to the complex structure of the brain and the unique mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix, gliomas invade and expand into the brain parenchyma, along white matter tracts and within perivascular spaces, usually sparing normal vessels. Different methods have been developed to study the mechanical properties of gliomas in a wide range of scales, from cells and the microscale to tissues and the macroscale. In this review, the current view on glioma mechanics is presented and the methods used to determine glioma mechanical properties are outlined. Their principles and current state of affairs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Tsitlakidis
- First Department of Neurosurgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elias C Aifantis
- Laboratory of Mechanics and Materials, Polytechnic School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aristeidis Kritis
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia S Tsingotjidou
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Angeliki Cheva
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Selviaridis
- First Department of Neurosurgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nicolas Foroglou
- First Department of Neurosurgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki, Greece
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Markouli M, Strepkos D, Papavassiliou AG, Piperi C. Targeting of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in gliomas. Pharmacol Res 2020; 157:104823. [PMID: 32305494 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas remain a group of malignant brain tumors with dismal prognosis and limited treatment options with molecular mechanisms being constantly investigated. The past decade, extracellular stress and intracellular DNA damage have been shown to disturb proteostasis leading to Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress that is implicated in the regulation of gene expression and the pathogenesis of several tumor types, including gliomas. Upon ER stress induction, neoplastic cells activate the adaptive mechanism of unfolded protein response (UPR), an integrated signaling system that either restores ER homeostasis or induces cell apoptosis. Recently, the manipulation of the UPR has emerged as a new therapeutic target in glioma treatment. General UPR activators or selective GRP78, ATF6 and PERK inducers have been detected to modulate cell proliferation and induce apoptosis of glioma cells. At the same time, target-specific UPR inhibitors and small molecule proteostasis disruptors, work in reverse to increase misfolded proteins and cause a dysregulation in protein maturation and sorting, thus preventing the growth of neoplastic cells. Herein, we discuss the pathogenic implication of ER stress in gliomas onset and progression, providing an update on the current UPR modifying agents that can be potentially used in glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Markouli
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Strepkos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
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Receptor Tyrosine Kinases: Principles and Functions in Glioma Invasion. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1202:151-178. [PMID: 32034713 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-30651-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinases are enzymes that are capable of adding a phosphate group to specific tyrosines on target proteins. A receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) is a tyrosine kinase located at the cellular membrane and is activated by binding of a ligand via its extracellular domain. Protein phosphorylation by kinases is an important mechanism for communicating signals within a cell and regulating cellular activity; furthermore, this mechanism functions as an "on" or "off" switch in many cellular functions. Ninety unique tyrosine kinase genes, including 58 RTKs, were identified in the human genome; the products of these genes regulate cellular proliferation, survival, differentiation, function, and motility. Tyrosine kinases play a critical role in the development and progression of many types of cancer, in addition to their roles as key regulators of normal cellular processes. Recent studies have revealed that RTKs such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), c-Met, Tie, Axl, discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1), and erythropoietin-producing human hepatocellular carcinoma (Eph) play a major role in glioma invasion. Herein, we summarize recent advances in understanding the role of RTKs in glioma pathobiology, especially the invasive phenotype, and present the perspective that RTKs are a potential target of glioma therapy.
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Wu W, Klockow JL, Mohanty S, Ku KS, Aghighi M, Melemenidis S, Chen Z, Li K, Morais GR, Zhao N, Schlegel J, Graves EE, Rao J, Loadman PM, Falconer RA, Mukherjee S, Chin FT, Daldrup-Link HE. Theranostic nanoparticles enhance the response of glioblastomas to radiation. Nanotheranostics 2019; 3:299-310. [PMID: 31723547 PMCID: PMC6838141 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.35342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable progress with our understanding of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and the precise delivery of radiotherapy, the prognosis for GBM patients is still unfavorable with tumor recurrence due to radioresistance being a major concern. We recently developed a cross-linked iron oxide nanoparticle conjugated to azademethylcolchicine (CLIO-ICT) to target and eradicate a subpopulation of quiescent cells, glioblastoma initiating cells (GICs), which could be a reason for radioresistance and tumor relapse. The purpose of our study was to investigate if CLIO-ICT has an additive therapeutic effect to enhance the response of GBMs to ionizing radiation. Methods: NSG™ mice bearing human GBMs and C57BL/6J mice bearing murine GBMs received CLIO-ICT, radiation, or combination treatment. The mice underwent pre- and post-treatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, bioluminescence imaging (BLI), and histological analysis. Tumor nanoparticle enhancement, tumor flux, microvessel density, GIC, and apoptosis markers were compared between different groups using a one-way ANOVA and two-tailed Mann-Whitney test. Additional NSG™ mice underwent survival analyses with Kaplan-Meier curves and a log rank (Mantel-Cox) test. Results: At 2 weeks post-treatment, BLI and MRI scans revealed significant reduction in tumor size for CLIO-ICT plus radiation treated tumors compared to monotherapy or vehicle-treated tumors. Combining CLIO-ICT with radiation therapy significantly decreased microvessel density, decreased GICs, increased caspase-3 expression, and prolonged the survival of GBM-bearing mice. CLIO-ICT delivery to GBM could be monitored with MRI. and was not significantly different before and after radiation. There was no significant caspase-3 expression in normal brain at therapeutic doses of CLIO-ICT administered. Conclusion: Our data shows additive anti-tumor effects of CLIO-ICT nanoparticles in combination with radiotherapy. The combination therapy proposed here could potentially be a clinically translatable strategy for treating GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jessica L Klockow
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Suchismita Mohanty
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly S Ku
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maryam Aghighi
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Zixin Chen
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Goreti Ribeiro Morais
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jürgen Schlegel
- Department of Neuropathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Edward E Graves
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul M Loadman
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Robert A Falconer
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Sudip Mukherjee
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Frederick T Chin
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Heike E Daldrup-Link
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Escalona RM, Chan E, Kannourakis G, Findlay JK, Ahmed N. The Many Facets of Metzincins and Their Endogenous Inhibitors: Perspectives on Ovarian Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E450. [PMID: 29393911 PMCID: PMC5855672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately sixty per cent of ovarian cancer patients die within the first five years of diagnosis due to recurrence associated with chemoresistance. The metzincin family of metalloproteinases is enzymes involved in matrix remodeling in response to normal physiological changes and diseased states. Recently, there has been a mounting awareness of these proteinases and their endogenous inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), as superb modulators of cellular communication and signaling regulating key biological processes in cancer progression. This review investigates the role of metzincins and their inhibitors in ovarian cancer. We propose that understanding the metzincins and TIMP biology in ovarian cancer may provide valuable insights in combating ovarian cancer progression and chemoresistance-mediated recurrence in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M Escalona
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
- The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia.
| | - Emily Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - George Kannourakis
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia.
- Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Jock K Findlay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
- The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Nuzhat Ahmed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
- The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia.
- Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Mthembu NN, Mbita Z, Hull R, Dlamini Z. Abnormalities in alternative splicing of angiogenesis-related genes and their role in HIV-related cancers. HIV AIDS-RESEARCH AND PALLIATIVE CARE 2017; 9:77-93. [PMID: 28694706 PMCID: PMC5490432 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s124911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alternative splicing of mRNA leads to an increase in proteome biodiversity by allowing the generation of multiple mRNAs, coding for multiple protein isoforms of various structural and functional properties from a single primary pre-mRNA transcript. The protein isoforms produced are tightly regulated in normal development but are mostly deregulated in various cancers. In HIV-infected individuals with AIDS, there is an increase in aberrant alternative splicing, resulting in an increase in HIV/AIDS-related cancers, such as Kaposi’s sarcoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and cervical cancer. This aberrant splicing leads to abnormal production of protein and is caused by mutations in cis-acting elements or trans-acting factors in angiogenesis-related genes. Restoring the normal regulation of alternative splicing of angiogenic genes would alter the expression of protein isoforms and may confer normal cell physiology in patients with these cancers. This review highlights the abnormalities in alternative splicing of angiogenesis-related genes and their implication in HIV/AIDS-related cancers. This allows us to gain an insight into the pathogenesis of HIV/AIDS-related cancer and in turn elucidate the therapeutic potential of alternatively spliced genes in HIV/AIDS-related malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zukile Mbita
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa
| | - Rodney Hull
- Research, Innovation and Engagements, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Durban
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- Research, Innovation and Engagements, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Durban
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The Process and Regulatory Components of Inflammation in Brain Oncogenesis. Biomolecules 2017; 7:biom7020034. [PMID: 28346397 PMCID: PMC5485723 DOI: 10.3390/biom7020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system tumors comprising the primary cancers and brain metastases remain the most lethal neoplasms and challenging to treat. Substantial evidence points to a paramount role for inflammation in the pathology leading to gliomagenesis, malignant progression and tumor aggressiveness in the central nervous system (CNS) microenvironment. This review summarizes the salient contributions of oxidative stress, interleukins, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), cyclooxygenases, and transcription factors such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells (NF-κB) and the associated cross-talks to the inflammatory signaling in CNS cancers. The roles of reactive astrocytes, tumor associated microglia and macrophages, metabolic alterations, microsatellite instability, O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) DNA repair and epigenetic alterations mediated by the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations have been discussed. The inflammatory pathways with relevance to the brain cancer treatments have been highlighted.
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Schötterl S, Hübner M, Armento A, Veninga V, Wirsik NM, Bernatz S, Lentzen H, Mittelbronn M, Naumann U. Viscumins functionally modulate cell motility-associated gene expression. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:684-696. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Ciasca G, Sassun TE, Minelli E, Antonelli M, Papi M, Santoro A, Giangaspero F, Delfini R, De Spirito M. Nano-mechanical signature of brain tumours. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:19629-19643. [PMID: 27853793 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06840e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) and meningothelial meningioma (MM) are the most frequent malignant and benign brain lesions, respectively. Mechanical cues play a major role in the progression of both malignancies that is modulated by the occurrence of aberrant physical interactions between neoplastic cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here we investigate the nano-mechanical properties of human GBM and MM tissues by atomic force microscopy. Our measures unveil the mechanical fingerprint of the main hallmark features of both lesions, such as necrosis in GBM and dural infiltration in MM. These findings have the potential to positively impact on the development of novel AFM-based diagnostic methods to assess the tumour grade. Most importantly, they provide a quantitative description of the tumour-induced mechanical modifications in the brain ECM, thus being of potential help in the search for novel ECM targets for brain tumours and especially for GBM that, despite years of intense research, has still very limited therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Ciasca
- Istituto di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Tanya Enny Sassun
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Division of Neurosurgery, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155 Rome, Italy 00161
| | - Eleonora Minelli
- Istituto di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Manila Antonelli
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Istituto di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Santoro
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Division of Neurosurgery, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155 Rome, Italy 00161
| | - Felice Giangaspero
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Delfini
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Division of Neurosurgery, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155 Rome, Italy 00161
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Istituto di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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Intraoperative Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound Evaluates the Grade of Glioma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2643862. [PMID: 27069921 PMCID: PMC4812195 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2643862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective. The aim of our study was to investigate the value of intraoperative contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for evaluating the grade of glioma and the correlation between microvessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Methods. We performed intraoperative conventional ultrasound (CUS) and CEUS on 88 patients with gliomas. All of the patients have undergone surgery and obtained the results of pathology. All patients have undergone intraoperative CUS and CEUS to compare the characteristics of different grade gliomas and the results of CUS and CEUS were compared with pathological results. Results. The time to start (TTS) and time to peak (TTP) of low grade glioma (LGG) were similar to those of edema and normal brain surrounding glioma. The enhanced extent of LGG was higher than that of the normal brain and edema. The TTS and TTP of high grade glioma were earlier than those of the edema and normal brain surrounding glioma. The enhancement of HGG was higher than that of LGG. The absolute peak intensity (API) was correlated with MVD and VEGF. Conclusion. Intraoperative CEUS could help in determining boundary of peritumoral brain edema of glioma. Intraoperative CEUS parameters in cerebral gliomas could indirectly reflect the information of MVD and VEGF.
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Hurmath FK, Mittal M, Ramaswamy P, Umamaheswara Rao GS, Dalavaikodihalli Nanjaiah N. Sevoflurane and thiopental preconditioning attenuates the migration and activity of MMP-2 in U87MG glioma cells. Neurochem Int 2016; 94:32-8. [PMID: 26875426 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor cell migration and diffuse infiltration into brain parenchyma are known causes of recurrence after treatment in glioblastoma (GBM), mediated in part by the interaction of glioma cells with the extracellular matrix, followed by degradation of matrix by tumor cell derived proteases, particularly the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). Sevoflurane and thiopental are anesthetics commonly used in cancer surgery. However, their effect on the progression of glioma cells remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the role of these anesthetics on the migration and activity of MMP-2 in glioma cells. METHODOLOGY Cultured U87MG cells were pretreated with sevoflurane or thiopental and in vitro wound healing scratch assay was carried out to analyze their effect on migration of these cells. Gelatin zymography was carried out to examine the effect of these anesthetics on tumor cell MMP-2 activity using the conditioned media 24 h after pretreatment. Cell viability was analyzed using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. RESULTS U87MG cells exposed to 2.5% sevoflurane or different concentrations of thiopental significantly decreased migration and activity of MMP-2 compared to control. No effect was seen on the viability of these cells after pretreatment with sevoflurane or thiopental. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that both sevoflurane and thiopental have inhibitory effect on the migration and MMP-2 activity in glioma cells. Thus, it is important that the choice of anesthetics to be used during glioma surgery takes into account their inhibitory properties against the tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathima Kamaluddin Hurmath
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560029, India
| | - Mohit Mittal
- Department of Neuroanaesthesia, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560029, India
| | - Palaniswamy Ramaswamy
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560029, India
| | - G S Umamaheswara Rao
- Department of Neuroanaesthesia, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560029, India
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Liu L, Zhang X, Lou Y, Rao Y, Zhang X. Cerebral microdialysis in glioma studies, from theory to application. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 96:77-89. [PMID: 24747145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the treatment of solid tumors, there are few effective treatments for malignant gliomas due to the infiltrative nature, and the protective shield of blood-brain barrier or blood-tumor barriers that restrict the passage of chemotherapy drugs into the brain. Imaging techniques, such as PET and MRI, have allowed the assessment of tumor function in vivo, but they are indirect measures of activity and do not easily allow continuous repeated evaluations. Because the biology of glioma on a cellular and molecular level is fairly unknown, especially in relation to various treatments, the development of novel therapeutic approaches to this devastating condition requires a strong need for a deeper understanding of the tumor's pathophysiology and biochemistry. Cerebral microdialysis, a probe-based sampling technique, allows a discrete volume of the brain to be sampled for neurochemical analysis of neurotransmitters, metabolites, biomarkers, and chemotherapy drugs, which has been employed in studying brain tumors, and is significant for improving the treatment of glioma. In this review, the current concepts of cerebral microdialysis for glioma are elucidated, with a special emphasis on its application to neurochemistry and pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiangyi Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yan Lou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yuefeng Rao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xingguo Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Sabit H, Nakada M, Furuta T, Watanabe T, Hayashi Y, Sato H, Kato Y, Hamada JI. Characterizing invading glioma cells based on IDH1-R132H and Ki-67 immunofluorescence. Brain Tumor Pathol 2014; 31:242-6. [PMID: 24384677 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-013-0172-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glioma, the most common primary brain tumor, is characterized by proliferative-invasive growth. However, the detailed biological characteristics of invading glioma cells remain to be elucidated. A monoclonal antibody (clone HMab-1) that specifically and sensitively recognizes the isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) protein carrying the R132H mutation can identify invading glioma cells by immunostaining. To investigate the degree of invasion in gliomas of distinct grades and the proliferative capacity of the invading cells, immunofluorescent staining was conducted using antibodies against IDH1-R132H and Ki-67 on 11 surgical and autopsy specimens of the tumor core and the invading area. Higher numbers of IDH1-R132H-positive cells in the invading area correlated with a higher tumor grade. Double staining for IDH1-R132H and Ki-67 demonstrated that most invading cells that expressed IDH1-R132H were not stained by the Ki-67 antibody, and the ratio of Ki-67-positive cells among IDH1-R132H-positive cells was significantly lower in the invasion area than in the tumor core in all grades of glioma. These data suggest that higher grade gliomas have a greater invasive potential and that invading cells possess low proliferative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemragul Sabit
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
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Stetler-Stevenson WG, Gavil NV. Normalization of the tumor microenvironment: evidence for tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 as a cancer therapeutic. Connect Tissue Res 2014; 55:13-9. [PMID: 24437600 PMCID: PMC6309251 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2013.867339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are members of the Metzincin family of proteases responsible for degrading the extracellular matrix (ECM). In early studies, MMP degradation of the sub-epithelial basement membrane was thought to be tumor cell autonomous and contribute to the invasive behavior of malignant cells. It is now recognized that MMPs have multiple roles that can either promote or inhibit tumor progression and metastasis. The endogenous inhibitors of the MMPs are the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Early studies on the tumor microenvironment revealed TIMP function to be principally through the inhibition of MMPs, thereby blocking tumor cell migration and invasion. However, data from a number of laboratories are now reporting that TIMPs have direct cellular functions, independent of their MMP inhibitory activity. The TIMPs can modulate normal tissue physiology and development, as well as pathology and progression in a variety of acute and chronic disease states. In this review, we briefly describe the role of MMPs and TIMPs in ECM turnover and formation of the tumor microenvironment. Based on the evidence presented, we postulate that TIMP-2 and other soluble components of the normal ECM may provide a novel therapeutic approach to cancer treatment through "normalization" of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G. Stetler-Stevenson
- Senior Biomedical Research Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Noah Veis Gavil
- Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, USA
- Cancer Research Summer Interns Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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20
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Langenfurth A, Rinnenthal JL, Vinnakota K, Prinz V, Carlo AS, Stadelmann C, Siffrin V, Peaschke S, Endres M, Heppner F, Glass R, Wolf SA, Kettenmann H. Membrane-type 1 metalloproteinase is upregulated in microglia/brain macrophages in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. J Neurosci Res 2013; 92:275-86. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anika Langenfurth
- Cellular Neurosciences; Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine; Berlin Germany
- Department of Neurology; Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Charité Campus Virchow Berlin Germany
| | - Jan Leo Rinnenthal
- Institute for Neuropathology; Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Charité Campus Mitte Berlin Germany
| | - Katyayni Vinnakota
- Cellular Neurosciences; Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine; Berlin Germany
| | - Vincent Prinz
- Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Berlin; Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Charité Campus Mitte Berlin Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery; Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Charité Campus Virchow Berlin Germany
| | - Anne-Sophie Carlo
- Molecular Cardiovascular Research; Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine; Berlin Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology; Berlin Germany
| | | | - Volker Siffrin
- Department of Neurology; University Medical Center Mainz; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Mainz Germany
| | - Susann Peaschke
- Cellular Neurosciences; Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine; Berlin Germany
| | - Matthias Endres
- Department of Neurology; Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Charité Campus Virchow Berlin Germany
- Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Berlin; Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Charité Campus Mitte Berlin Germany
| | - Frank Heppner
- Institute for Neuropathology; Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Charité Campus Mitte Berlin Germany
| | - Rainer Glass
- Neurosurgical Research; University Clinics Munich (LMU); Munich Germany
| | - Susanne A. Wolf
- Cellular Neurosciences; Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine; Berlin Germany
| | - Helmut Kettenmann
- Cellular Neurosciences; Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine; Berlin Germany
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Sayegh ET, Kaur G, Bloch O, Parsa AT. Systematic review of protein biomarkers of invasive behavior in glioblastoma. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 49:1212-44. [PMID: 24271659 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8593-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive and incurable brain tumor with a grave prognosis. Recurrence is inevitable even with maximal surgical resection, in large part because GBM is a highly invasive tumor. Invasiveness also contributes to the failure of multiple cornerstones of GBM therapy, including radiotherapy, temozolomide chemotherapy, and vascular endothelial growth factor blockade. In recent years there has been significant progress in the identification of protein biomarkers of invasive phenotype in GBM. In this article, we comprehensively review the literature and survey a broad spectrum of biomarkers, including proteolytic enzymes, extracellular matrix proteins, cell adhesion molecules, neurodevelopmental factors, cell signaling and transcription factors, angiogenic effectors, metabolic proteins, membrane channels, and cytokines and chemokines. In light of the marked variation seen in outcomes in GBM patients, the systematic use of these biomarkers could be used to form a framework for better prediction, prognostication, and treatment selection, as well as the identification of molecular targets for further laboratory investigation and development of nascent, directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli T Sayegh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St. Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611-2911, USA
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Lei C, Cui Y, Zheng L, Kah-Hoe Chow P, Wang CH. Development of a gene/drug dual delivery system for brain tumor therapy: Potent inhibition via RNA interference and synergistic effects. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7483-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Lee H, Tsygankov AY. Cbl-family proteins as regulators of cytoskeleton-dependent phenomena. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:2285-93. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hojin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center and Fels Institute for Cancer Research; Temple University School of Medicine; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Alexander Y. Tsygankov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center and Fels Institute for Cancer Research; Temple University School of Medicine; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
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The influence of the penetrating peptide iRGD on the effect of paclitaxel-loaded MT1-AF7p-conjugated nanoparticles on glioma cells. Biomaterials 2013; 34:5138-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractDiffuse human gliomas constitute a group of most treatment-refractory tumors even if maximum treatment strategies including neurosurgical resection followed by combined radio-/chemotherapy are applied. In contrast to most other neoplasms, diffusely infiltrating gliomas invade the brain along pre-existing structures such as axonal tracts and perivascular spaces. Even in cases of early diagnosis single or small clusters of glioma cells are already encountered far away from the main tumor bulk. Complex interactions between glioma cells and the surrounding extracellular matrix and considerable changes in the cytoskeletal apparatus are prerequisites for the cellular movement of glioma cells through the brain thereby escaping from most current treatments. This review provides an overview about classical and current concepts of glioma cell migration/invasion and promising preclinical treatment approaches.
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Nakada M, Kita D, Teng L, Pyko IV, Watanabe T, Hayashi Y, Hamada JI. Receptor tyrosine kinases: principles and functions in glioma invasion. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 986:143-70. [PMID: 22879068 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-4719-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinases are enzymes that are capable of adding a phosphate group to specific tyrosines on target proteins. A receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) is a tyrosine kinase located at the cellular membrane and is activated by binding of a ligand via its extracellular domain. Protein phosphorylation by kinases is an important mechanism for communicating signals within a cell and regulating cellular activity; furthermore, this mechanism functions as an "on" or "off" switch in many cellular functions. Ninety unique tyrosine kinase genes, including 58 RTKs, were identified in the human genome; the products of these genes regulate cellular proliferation, survival, differentiation, function, and motility. Tyrosine kinases play a critical role in the development and progression of many types of cancer, in addition to their roles as key regulators of normal cellular processes. Recent studies have revealed that RTKs such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), c-Met, Tie, Axl, discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1), and erythropoietin-producing human hepatocellular carcinoma (Eph) play a major role in glioma invasion. Herein, we summarize recent advances in understanding the role of RTKs in glioma pathobiology, especially the invasive phenotype, and present the perspective that RTKs are a potential target of glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Nakada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan.
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Taschner CA, Brendecke S, Weyerbrock A, Egger K, Prinz M. Freiburg neuropathology case conference: widespread mass lesions after resection of a glioblastoma multiforme. Clin Neuroradiol 2012; 22:375-80. [PMID: 23132173 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-012-0179-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C A Taschner
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany.
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28
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Akla N, Pratt J, Annabi B. Concanavalin-A triggers inflammatory response through JAK/STAT3 signalling and modulates MT1-MMP regulation of COX-2 in mesenchymal stromal cells. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:2498-506. [PMID: 22971618 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological targeting of inflammation through STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways is, among other inflammatory biomarkers, associated with cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibition and is believed to play a crucial role in prevention and therapy of cancer. Recently, inflammatory factors were found to impact on mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) contribution to tumor angiogenesis. Given MSC chemotaxis and cell survival are regulated, in part, by the membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), an MMP also involved in transducing NF-κB intracellular signaling pathways, we tested whether STAT3 regulation by MT1-MMP may also contribute to the expression balance of COX-2 in MSC. We demonstrate that STAT3 phosphorylation was triggered in MSC treated with the MT1-MMP inducer lectin Concanavalin-A (ConA), and that this phosphorylation was abrogated by the JAK2 inhibitor AG490. MT1-MMP gene silencing significantly inhibited ConA-induced STAT3 phosphorylation and this was correlated with reduced proMMP-2 activation and COX-2 expression. On the other hand, STAT3 gene silencing potentiated ConA-induced COX-2 expression, providing evidence for a new MT1-MMP/JAK/STAT3 signaling axis that may, in part, explain how MT1-MMP contributes to proinflammatory intracellular signaling. Given that MSC are avidly recruited within inflammatory microenvironments and within experimental vascularizing tumors, these mechanistic observations support a possible dual control of cell adaptation to inflammation by MT1-MMP and that may enable MSC to be active participants within inflamed tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoufal Akla
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Centre de recherche BIOMED, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3P8
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29
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Abdullah Thani NA, Sallis B, Nuttall R, Schubert FR, Ahsan M, Davies D, Purewal S, Cooper A, Rooprai HK. Induction of apoptosis and reduction of MMP gene expression in the U373 cell line by polyphenolics in Aronia melanocarpa and by curcumin. Oncol Rep 2012; 28:1435-42. [PMID: 22842701 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.1941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant brain tumours are rare but are the most challenging types of cancers to treat. Despite conventional multimodality approaches available for their management, the outlook for most patients remains dismal due to the ability of the tumour cells to invade the normal brain. Attention has now focused on novel therapeutic interventions such as as the use of micronutrients. Both chokeberry extract (Aronia melanocarpa), which is rich in natural pigments such as anthocyanins and curcumin (diferuloylmethane) found in turmeric (Curcuma longa) have been reported to possess anticancer properties in other cancers. The aim of this study was to extend our previous research to evaluate the therapeutic potential of these two agents by testing their ability to induce apoptosis in an established glioblastoma cell line (U373). This was accomplished by treating the cells for 48 h with either chokeberry extract or curcumin, and using the Annexin-V assay. Gene profiles of 8 MMPs (2, 9, 14, 15, 16, 17, 24 and 25) and 4 TIMPs (1, 2, 3 and 4) were analysed for effects of mediators of invasion by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The IC50 values determined for curcumin and chokeberry extract were 15 and 200 µg/ml, respectively. Our results also suggest that curcumin induces apoptosis but chokeberry extract is necrotic to this cell line. It is possible that chokeberry extract kills the cells by other non-apoptotic pathways. In addition, the RT-PCR results show downregulation of the gene expression of MMP-2, -14, -16 and -17 for both micronutrients. Taken together, the comparative data suggest that both curcumin and chokeberry extract may exhibit their anticancer potential by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting invasion by reducing MMP gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Azela Abdullah Thani
- School of Health and Social Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, Hendon, The Burroughs, London, UK.
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Hagemann C, Anacker J, Ernestus RI, Vince GH. A complete compilation of matrix metalloproteinase expression in human malignant gliomas. World J Clin Oncol 2012; 3:67-79. [PMID: 22582165 PMCID: PMC3349915 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v3.i5.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 11/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are characterized by an aggressive local growth pattern, a marked degree of invasiveness and poor prognosis. Tumor invasiveness is facilitated by the increased activity of proteolytic enzymes which are involved in destruction of the extracellular matrix of the surrounding healthy brain tissue. Elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were found in glioblastoma (GBM) cell-lines, as well as in GBM biopsies as compared with low-grade astrocytoma (LGA) and normal brain samples, indicating a role in malignant progression. A careful review of the available literature revealed that both the expression and role of several of the 23 human MMP proteins is controversely discussed and for some there are no data available at all. We therefore screened a panel of 15 LGA and 15 GBM biopsy samples for those MMPs for which there is either no, very limited or even contradictory data available. Hence, this is the first complete compilation of the expression pattern of all 23 human MMPs in astrocytic tumors. This study will support a better understanding of the specific expression patterns and interaction of proteolytic enzymes in malignant human glioma and may provide additional starting points for targeted patient therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Hagemann
- Carsten Hagemann, Ralf-Ingo Ernestus, Giles H Vince, Department of Neurosurgery, Tumorbiology Laboratory, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
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Takano S, Tsuboi K, Matsumura A, Sato H, Nose T. Localization of gelatinase activities in glioma tissues by film in situ zymography. Brain Tumor Pathol 2012; 18:145-50. [PMID: 11908871 DOI: 10.1007/bf02479428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are characterized by their invasiveness and angiogenesis, which are mediated by metalloproteinases (MMPs). In this study, localization of gelatinase activities in six cases of glioblastoma, two cases of anaplastic astrocytoma, and six cases of low-grade astrocytomas was investigated by film in situ zymography (FIZ). FIZ is a novel technique, because it allows preservation of tissue structure with gelatinolytic activity and can detect net MMP activity in tumor tissues. In malignant gliomas, gelatinolytic activities were extensively localized in the vessel walls in the viable tumor areas and peritumoral areas as well as the tumor cell itself. These findings suggest that FIZ is a useful tool not only to detect tumor net MMP activities but also to detect angiogenic features in the invading front of malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Takano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Delic S, Lottmann N, Jetschke K, Reifenberger G, Riemenschneider MJ. Identification and functional validation of CDH11, PCSK6 and SH3GL3 as novel glioma invasion-associated candidate genes. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2012; 38:201-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2011.01207.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Johnson GG, White MC, Grimaldi M. Stressed to death: targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress response induced apoptosis in gliomas. Curr Pharm Des 2011; 17:284-92. [PMID: 21348829 DOI: 10.2174/138161211795049660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glial tumors are the main primary adult brain tumor. Even with the most advanced treatments, which include stereotactic microscope aided surgical resection, internal and external radiation therapy and local and systemic chemotherapy, median survival time for patients diagnosed with these malignancies is about 12 months. We explore here the possibility that the endoplasmic reticulum stress response (ERSR) could be a possible target to develop chemotherapeutic agents to induce toxicity in glioma cells. ERSR has the dual capacity of activating repair and/or cytotoxic mechanisms. ERSR is triggered by the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER. The presence of unfolded proteins in the ER regulates, via a complex biochemical cascade, the upregulation of molecular chaperones, inhibition of protein synthesis, and an increase of proteasome mediated unfolded protein degradation. ERSR in particular conditions can also contribute to cell death via activation of programmed cell death. Apoptosis activation during ERSR is usually caused by the activation of one or a combination of three biochemical cascades. Induction of these pathways ultimately leads to caspase 3 activation culminating in apoptosis. Glioma cells are in a condition of constant low grade ERSR, which possibly contributes to their resistance to treatment protocols. It is conceivable that small molecules that interact with this phenomenon ultimately could be used to modulate the system to activate apoptosis and cause gliotoxicity. We will discuss here ERSR biochemically relevant features to death mechanisms and already identified small molecules that by modulating ERSR are able to activate glioma cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guyla G Johnson
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
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Sina A, Lord-Dufour S, Roy R, Annabi B. Ciblage pharmacologique de la MT1-MMP dans les cellules tumorales cérébrales par l’actinonine, un inhibiteur de l’aminopeptidase N/CD13. BIO TRIBUNE MAGAZINE 2011; 38:39-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s11834-011-0042-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
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Xu S, Jia ZF, Kang C, Huang Q, Wang G, Liu X, Zhou X, Xu P, Pu P. Upregulation of SEPT7 gene inhibits invasion of human glioma cells. Cancer Invest 2010; 28:248-58. [PMID: 19916744 DOI: 10.3109/07357900903179609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the role of SEPT7 in glioma cell invasion. METHODS SEPT7 was transfected into human glioma cell lines U251 and TJ899, the invasive abilities were evaluated by transwell assay, scratch assay, and 3-D/2-D Matrigel growth. The expression of MMP2/9, MT1-MMP, integrin alpha(v)beta(3), and TIMP1/2 was detected by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blot analyses. Distribution of alpha-tubulin was examined by laser scanning confocal analysis. RESULT After SEPT7 trasfection, cell invasion was inhibited, expression of MMP2/9, MT1-MMP, and integrin alpha(v)beta(3) was decreased, while TIMP1/2 was increased, and alpha-tubulin was redistributed. CONCLUSION These results suggest that SEPT7 plays an important role in the glioma cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Xu
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
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Sato A, Sakurada K, Kumabe T, Sasajima T, Beppu T, Asano K, Ohkuma H, Ogawa A, Mizoi K, Tominaga T, Kitanaka C, Kayama T. Association of stem cell marker CD133 expression with dissemination of glioblastomas. Neurosurg Rev 2010; 33:175-83; discussion 183-4. [PMID: 20135187 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-010-0239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Revised: 10/11/2009] [Accepted: 01/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Dissemination of glioblastoma was once considered rare but is now increasingly encountered with longer survival of glioblastoma patients. Despite the potential negative impact of dissemination on clinical outcome, however, molecular markers useful for prediction of dissemination risk still remains ill defined. We tested in this study for an association between the expression of stem cell marker CD133 and the risk of dissemination in 26 cases of glioblastoma (16 with dissemination and 10 without dissemination). The protein expression of CD133 was examined by western blot analysis of tumor specimens, and the CD133 expression levels were quantified by densitometry and normalized to beta-actin. The results indicated that CD133 expression levels are significantly higher in glioblastomas with dissemination (mean 10.3, range 0.20-27.8) than in those without (mean 1.18, range 0.07-3.58). The results suggest that CD133 could be a molecular predictor of glioblastoma dissemination, and also give rise to an intriguing idea that CD133-positive cancer stem cells may be implicated in the initiation of disseminated lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Sato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
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An Z, Gluck CB, Choy ML, Kaufman LJ. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid limits migration and invasion of glioma cells in two and three dimensional culture. Cancer Lett 2010; 292:215-27. [PMID: 20060208 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2009] [Revised: 11/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
High grade gliomas are aggressive cancers that are not well addressed by current chemotherapies, in large measure because these drugs do not curtail the diffuse invasion of glioma cells into brain tissue surrounding the tumor. Here, we investigate the effects of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) on glioma cells in 2D and 3D in vitro assays, as SAHA has previously been shown to significantly increase apoptosis, decrease proliferation, and interfere with migration in other cell lines. We find that SAHA has significant independent effects on proliferation, migration, and invasion. These effects are seen in both 2D and 3D culture. In 3D culture, with glioma spheroids embedded in collagen I matrices, SAHA independently limits both glioma invasion and the reorganization of the tumor surroundings that usually proceeds such invasion. The decreased matrix reorganization and invasion is not accompanied by decreased production or activity of matrix-metalloproteases but instead may be related to increased cell-cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua An
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States
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High matrix metalloproteinase production correlates with immune activation and leukocyte migration in leprosy reactional lesions. Infect Immun 2009; 78:1012-21. [PMID: 20008541 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00896-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gelatinases A and B (matrix metalloproteinase 2 [MMP-2] and MMP-9, respectively) can induce basal membrane breakdown and leukocyte migration, but their role in leprosy skin inflammation remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed clinical specimens from leprosy patients taken from stable, untreated skin lesions and during reactional episodes (reversal reaction [RR] and erythema nodosum leprosum [ENL]). The participation of MMPs in disease was suggested by (i) increased MMP mRNA expression levels in skin biopsy specimens correlating with the expression of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), (ii) the detection of the MMP protein and enzymatic activity within the inflammatory infiltrate, (iii) increased MMP levels in patient sera, and (iv) the in vitro induction of MMP-9 by Mycobacterium leprae and/or TNF-alpha. It was observed that IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, MMP-2, and MMP-9 mRNA levels were higher in tuberculoid than lepromatous lesions. In contrast, interleukin-10 and tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP-1) message were not differentially modulated. These data correlated with the detection of the MMP protein evidenced by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. When RR and ENL lesions were analyzed, an increase in TNF-alpha, MMP-2, and MMP-9, but not TIMP-1, mRNA levels was observed together with stronger MMP activity (zymography/in situ zymography). Moreover, following in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood cells, M. leprae induced the expression of MMP-9 (mRNA and protein) in cultured cells. Overall, the present data demonstrate an enhanced MMP/TIMP-1 ratio in the inflammatory states of leprosy and point to potential mechanisms for tissue damage. These results pave the way toward the application of new therapeutic interventions for leprosy reactions.
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In vivo assessment of high-grade glioma biochemistry using microdialysis: a study of energy-related molecules, growth factors and cytokines. J Neurooncol 2009; 97:11-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-009-9990-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Sina A, Lord-Dufour S, Annabi B. Cell-based evidence for aminopeptidase N/CD13 inhibitor actinonin targeting of MT1-MMP-mediated proMMP-2 activation. Cancer Lett 2009; 279:171-6. [PMID: 19264392 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Revised: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 01/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yoshida S, Takahashi H. Expression of extracellular matrix molecules in brain metastasis. J Surg Oncol 2009; 100:65-8. [PMID: 19402080 DOI: 10.1002/jso.21296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to investigate the role of growth factors and matrix metalloproteinases in the brain metastasis. METHODS Tumors from 40 patients with brain metastasis (30 lung cancer, 10 breast cancer) were studied to investigate the expression-patterns of EGFR, MT1-MMP, MMP7, and CD44 using the immunostaining and RT -PCR analysis. RESULTS EGFR immunostaining was detected in 92% (23/25) and 70% (7/10) of brain metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma and breast cancer, respectively. MT1-MMP immunostaining was also detected in 80% (20/25) and 50% (5/10) of brain metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma and breast cancer, respectively. EGFR mRNA was detected in 83.3% (25/30) and 70% (7/10) of brain metastasis from lung cancer and breast cancer, respectively. MT1-MMP mRNA was detected in 73.3% (22/30) specimens of brain metastasis from lung cancer, and only 13.3% (4/30) specimens of these patients expressed MMP7 mRNA. CONCLUSIONS The high expression of EGFR and MT1-MMP indicates that a extracellular matrix remodeling may be playing an important role in brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan.
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Koutroulis I, Zarros A, Theocharis S. The role of matrix metalloproteinases in the pathophysiology and progression of human nervous system malignancies: a chance for the development of targeted therapeutic approaches? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2009; 12:1577-86. [PMID: 19007324 DOI: 10.1517/14728220802560307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of zinc- dependent endopeptidases involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix components. MMPs have been implicated in a wide variety of physiological processes, such as angiogenesis, wound healing and tissue remodeling. However, recent studies have revealed a significant role for MMPs in tumorigenesis pathophysiology and prediction of patients' clinical outcome. Alterations in the regulation of MMP expression are thought to play an important role in the development and progression of central nervous system (CNS) malignancies. OBJECTIVE/METHODS This study provides an up-to-date review of the literature on the pathophysiologic involvement of MMPs in the development and progression of human CNS malignancies, as well as the potential use of natural and/or synthetic MMP-inhibitors (MMPIs) as a targeted therapeutic approach to this group of neoplasms. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS The currently available data provide clear evidence for the involvement of MMPs in the pathophysiology of astrocytomas, glioblastomas, meningiomas, medulloblastomas/primitive neuroectodermal tumors and pituitary tumors. The use of MMPIs in the treatment of CNS malignancies has, until now, reached controversial (but mainly disappointing) results that can nevertheless provide the basis for further investigation. The co-administration of other agents, the use of surgery and/or radiation, and elimination of the MMPIs-induced adverse effects, as well as the use of antisense technology, might be the tools by which the natural and synthetic MMPIs could find their place in everyday clinical practice for the management of CNS malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Koutroulis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Athens, Greece
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Invadopodia: at the cutting edge of tumour invasion. J Clin Neurosci 2008; 15:725-37. [PMID: 18468901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2008.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Invasion of tissues by malignant tumours is facilitated by tumour cell migration and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) barriers. Several invasive neoplasms, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, breast carcinoma, melanoma and glioma, contain tumour cells that can form actin-rich protrusions with ECM proteolytic activity called invadopodia. These dynamic organelle-like structures adhere to, and digest, collagens, laminins and fibronectin. Invadopodia are dependent on multiple transmembrane, cytoplasmic and secreted proteins engaged in cell adhesion, signal transduction, actin assembly, membrane regulation and ECM proteolysis. Strategies aimed at disrupting invadopodia could form the basis of novel anti-invasive therapies for treating patients. Here we review the molecular basis of invadopodia formation with particular emphasis on the intracellular signaling networks that are essential for invadopodia activity and examine the potential role of these structures in glioma invasion.
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Morokoff AP, Novak U. Targeted therapy for malignant gliomas. J Clin Neurosci 2008; 11:807-18. [PMID: 15519855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2004.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2003] [Accepted: 03/01/2004] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The identification of markers that are associated with tumour but not normal tissue has allowed the development of highly-specific targeted therapies. Monoclonal antibodies, either alone or linked to radioisotopes or toxins, have provided a powerful tool for research, as well as the basis for promising therapeutic agents with less side effects than standard radiotherapy or chemotherapy. A new class of drugs, the tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which interfere with the function of key molecules in cancer-promoting pathways, have had a dramatic effect in haematological malignancy and are being trialled in solid tumours, including glioma. Although the problem of achieving specific, high-level delivery of these various agents to tumours in the brain remains a major issue, encouraging early results with some targeted agents support the attractive theoretical principles of this new paradigm. Further work to identify new molecular targets and to develop agents exploiting them, is needed, as well as confirmation of their safety and efficacy by clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Morokoff
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Chu ESM, Wong TKS, Yow CMN. Photodynamic effect in medulloblastoma: downregulation of matrix metalloproteinases and human telomerase reverse transcriptase expressions. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2008; 7:76-83. [DOI: 10.1039/b703417b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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McClung HM, Thomas SL, Osenkowski P, Toth M, Menon P, Raz A, Fridman R, Rempel SA. SPARC upregulates MT1-MMP expression, MMP-2 activation, and the secretion and cleavage of galectin-3 in U87MG glioma cells. Neurosci Lett 2007; 419:172-7. [PMID: 17490812 PMCID: PMC1978544 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2007] [Revised: 04/16/2007] [Accepted: 04/18/2007] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is highly expressed in human gliomas and promotes glioma invasion. We have shown by cDNA array analysis that SPARC upregulates membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) transcripts. To confirm these findings at the protein level and determine whether SPARC expression correlates with increased MMP activity, we used Western blot to assess the levels of MT1-MMP, and gelatin zymography to assess MMP-2 levels and activity. We also examined the expression, secretion, and cleavage of galectin-3, a target of MT1-MMP and MMP-2. Our data confirm that SPARC upregulates MT1-MMP levels and MMP-2 activity. There was also an increase in secreted galectin-3, as well as an increase in the proteolytically processed form of galectin-3. Previous studies have demonstrated that MT1-MMP, MMP-2, and galectin-3 are increased in gliomas. Our results suggest that their upregulation and activation may be a consequence of increased SPARC expression. These data provide a provisional mechanism whereby SPARC contributes to brain tumor invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M McClung
- Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Liu W, Kunishio K, Matsumoto Y, Okada M, Nagao S. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression correlates with cavernous sinus invasion in pituitary adenomas. J Clin Neurosci 2006; 12:791-4. [PMID: 16198918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2005.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2004] [Accepted: 03/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and cavernous sinus invasion in pituitary adenoma. METHOD Tissue samples from 54 pituitary adenomas were examined for expression of MMP-2 protein by immunohistochemistry. In sixteen tumors, the expression of MMP-2 mRNA was also examined by RT-PCR. Immunostaining was semiquantatively scored based on intensity (0-3) and distribution (0-3). RESULTS There were 34 women and 20 men, with a mean age of 49.9 years (range 18-76). There were 12 tumors with cavernous sinus invasion, and 42 noninvasive cases. The MMP-2 score of pituitary adenomas with cavernous sinus invasion (3.9 +/- 0.5) was significantly higher than those without invasion (2.3 +/- 0.2; P < 0.01). There was no difference in MMP-2 score between macroadenomas (3.0 +/- 0.3) and microadenomas (2.1 +/- 0.4; P > 0.05), and also, no difference between the functioning adenomas (2.8 +/- 0.3) and non-functioning adenomas (2.8 +/- 0.3; P > 0.05). We found no correlation between the MMP-2 score and the Ki-67 labeling index (r2 = -0.05; P = 0.72). MMP-2 mRNA expression was also intense in invasive pituitary adenomas and was significantly higher in invasive pituitary adenomas than those without invasion (68.2 +/- 15.3; 21.8 +/- 8.2; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study suggests that MMP-2 may be associated with aggressiveness and invasion in pituitary adenoma but is not related to tumor size or secretory function. MMP-2 may be a useful tool for assessing the invasive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Kagawa Medical University, Kawaga, Japan
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Liu W, Matsumoto Y, Okada M, Miyake K, Kunishio K, Kawai N, Tamiya T, Nagao S. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 expression correlated with cavernous sinus invasion of pituitary adenomas. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2005; 52:151-8. [PMID: 16167532 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.52.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9 are important for tissue breakdown in the process of tumor invasion. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, MIB-1 LI and cavernous sinus invasion in pituitary adenomas. METHODS Tissue samples from 54 patients with pituitary adenomas were studied. Expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and MIB-1 labeling index (LI) were evaluated by immunohistochemical method. In sixteen cases, the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA was also examined by RT-PCR assay. RESULTS Thirty-four patients were women and 20 were men, with a mean age of 49.9 years old (range 18-76 years). There were 12 cases with cavernous sinus invasion, and 42 were noninvasive cases. MMP-2 and MMP-9 score of invasive case (3.9 +/- 0.5,4.1 +/- 0.4) were significantly higher than those (2.3 +/- 0.2; p < 0.01; 2.6 +/- 0.2; p < 0.01) without invasion. The MIB-1 LI of this study presented no significantly difference between the invasive and noninvasive pituitary adenomas. The percentage of MMP-2 mRNA/beta-actin mRNA and MMP-9 mRNA/beta-actin mRNA were also observed significantly higher in invasive pituitary adenomas (68.2 +/- 15.3%; 59.7 +/- 12.5%) than noninvasive pituitary adenomas (21.8 +/- 8.2%, p < 0.05; 33.3 +/- 5.4%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 may have a value to assess the invasive pituitary adenomas, and proliferation and invasion of pituitary adenomas may present a different mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa Medical University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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Arismendi-Morillo G, Castellano A. Tumoral micro-blood vessels and vascular microenvironment in human astrocytic tumors. A transmission electron microscopy study. J Neurooncol 2005; 73:211-7. [PMID: 15980971 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-004-5674-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2004] [Accepted: 11/01/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of peritumoral edema is thought to be due to extravasation of plasma water and macromolecules through a defective blood-brain barrier (BBB), but the exact mechanism by which occurs is poorly understood. The aim of this study was analyze at submicroscopic level the morphological changes in both micro-blood vessels and vascular microenvironment of astrocytic tumors in an attempt of understanding the pathological aspects that may help in the future researches for the design of future therapeutic strategies. Biopsies of 25 patients with pathological diagnosis of astrocytic tumors were examined with the transmission electron microscope. Both open and close tight junctions were observed in the micro-blood vessels, inclusive in a same tumor. Cytoskeletal disorganization associated with disintegrated perijunctional actin filaments were seen. The paracellular space showed enlargement and commonly occupied by fluid proteinaceous, endothelial cells display oncotic and ischemic changes, basal lamina reveals enlargement, edema, vacuolization and collagen fibers disposed in irregular array. Pericytes exhibited edema and phagocytoced material, astrocytic perivascular-feet showed signs of oncosis and necrosis, co-option vessels totally surrounding by neoplastic cells also were seen. The ultrastructural abnormalities observed in both junctional complexes and vascular microenvironment suggest a multi-factorial pathobiology process, probably hypoxia intratumoral, calcium overload in endothelial cells, and degradative effects of metalloproteinases over the basal membrane appear as determinant factors that leading to structural modifications of junctional complexes, therefore, treatment with both HIF-1alpha and metalloproteinases inhibitors possibly can contribute with the pharmacological handling of the peritumoral edema associated with astrocytic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Arismendi-Morillo
- Biological Researches Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Zulia, Apartado 526, Maracaibo, 4003-A, Venezuela.
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