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Jaime-Báez R, Saldo J, González-Soto RA. Comparison of Gamma-Oryzanol Nanoemulsions Fabricated by Different High Energy Techniques. Foods 2024; 13:2256. [PMID: 39063338 PMCID: PMC11275623 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gamma-oryzanol (GO) is a bioactive compound that, due to its biological characteristics, can be added to a food matrix. However, the bioactive compound is difficult to incorporate due to its low solubility and stability. A nanoemulsion allows substances to be packaged in nanometric sizes, improving their bioavailability. In this work, a GO nanoemulsion was developed using high-energy techniques. The methodological process began with the formulation of the coarse emulsion, where the emulsifiers (sodium caseinate and citrus pectin), diluent (rice bran oil), and pH were varied to find the most stable formulation. The coarse emulsion was subjected to four high-energy techniques (conventional homogenization, high-pressure homogenization, ultra-high-pressure homogenization, and ultrasonication) to reduce the droplet size. A physical-stability test, rheological-behavior test, image analysis, and particle-size-and-distribution test were conducted to determine which was the best technique. The formulation with the highest stability (pH 5.3) was composed of 87% water, 6.1% sodium caseinate, 0.6% citrus pectin, 6.1% rice bran oil, and 0.2% GO. The ultrasonic treatment obtains the smallest particle size (30.1 ± 1 nm), and the high-pressure treatment obtains the greatest stability (TSI < 0.3), both at 0 and 7 days of storage. High-energy treatments significantly reduce the droplet size of the emulsion, with important differences between each technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Jaime-Báez
- Departamento de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos (CEPROBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Yautepec 62730, Mexico
- Centre de Innovació, Recerca i Transferència en Tecnologia dels Aliments (CIRTTA), MALTA Consolider Team, Animal and Food Science Department, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
| | - Jordi Saldo
- Centre de Innovació, Recerca i Transferència en Tecnologia dels Aliments (CIRTTA), MALTA Consolider Team, Animal and Food Science Department, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación de Alimentos (CIAL), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad UTE, Quito 170147, Ecuador
| | - Rosalía América González-Soto
- Centre de Innovació, Recerca i Transferència en Tecnologia dels Aliments (CIRTTA), MALTA Consolider Team, Animal and Food Science Department, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
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2
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Chen LC, Lai MC, Hong TY, Liu IM. γ-Oryzanol from Rice Bran Antagonizes Glutamate-Induced Excitotoxicity in an In Vitro Model of Differentiated HT-22 Cells. Nutrients 2024; 16:1237. [PMID: 38674927 PMCID: PMC11053564 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The excessive activation of glutamate in the brain is a factor in the development of vascular dementia. γ-Oryzanol is a natural compound that has been shown to enhance brain function, but more research is needed to determine its potential as a treatment for vascular dementia. This study investigated if γ-oryzanol can delay or improve glutamate neurotoxicity in an in vitro model of differentiated HT-22 cells and explored its neuroprotective mechanisms. The differentiated HT-22 cells were treated with 0.1 mmol/L glutamate for 24 h then given γ-oryzanol at appropriate concentrations or memantine (10 µmol/L) for another 24 h. Glutamate produced reactive oxygen species and depleted glutathione in the cells, which reduced their viability. Mitochondrial dysfunction was also observed, including the inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I activity, the collapse of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and the reduction of intracellular ATP levels in the HT-22 cells. Calcium influx triggered by glutamate subsequently activated type II calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII) in the HT-22 cells. The activation of CaMKII-ASK1-JNK MAP kinase cascade, decreased Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and increased Apaf-1-dependent caspase-9 activation were also observed due to glutamate induction, which were associated with increased DNA fragmentation. These events were attenuated when the cells were treated with γ-oryzanol (0.4 mmol/L) or the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist memantine. The results suggest that γ-oryzanol has potent neuroprotective properties against glutamate excitotoxicity in differentiated HT-22 cells. Therefore, γ-oryzanol could be a promising candidate for the development of therapies for glutamate excitotoxicity-associated neurodegenerative diseases, including vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chai Chen
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Collage of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung County 90741, Taiwan; (L.-C.C.); (M.-C.L.)
| | - Mei-Chou Lai
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Collage of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung County 90741, Taiwan; (L.-C.C.); (M.-C.L.)
| | - Tang-Yao Hong
- Department of Environmental Science and Occupational Safety and Hygiene, Graduate School of Environmental Management, Collage of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung County 90741, Taiwan;
| | - I-Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Collage of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung County 90741, Taiwan; (L.-C.C.); (M.-C.L.)
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3
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He WS, Zhao L, Yang H, Rui J, Li J, Chen ZY. Novel Synthesis of Phytosterol Ferulate Using Acidic Ionic Liquids as a Catalyst and Its Hypolipidemic Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2309-2320. [PMID: 38252882 PMCID: PMC10835726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Phytosterol ferulate (PF) is quantitively low in rice, corn, wheat, oats, barley, and millet, but it is potentially effective in reducing plasma lipids. In this study, PF was synthesized for the first time using acidic ionic liquids as a catalyst. The product was purified, characterized using Fourier transform infrared, mass spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance, and ultimately confirmed as the desired PF compound. The conversion of phytosterol surpassed an impressive 99% within just 2 h, with a selectivity for PF exceeding 83%. Plasma lipid-lowering activity of PF was further investigated by using C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet as a model. Supplementation of 0.5% PF into diet resulted in significant reductions in plasma total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 13.7, 16.9, and 46.3%, respectively. This was accompanied by 55.8 and 36.3% reductions in hepatic cholesterol and total lipids, respectively, and a 22.9% increase in fecal cholesterol excretion. Interestingly, PF demonstrated a higher lipid-lowering activity than that of its substrates, a physical mixture of phytosterols and ferulic acid. In conclusion, an efficient synthesis of PF was achieved for the first time, and PF had the great potential to be developed as a lipid-lowering dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sen He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin ,Hong Kong, China
| | - Liying Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Haonan Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Jiaxin Rui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin ,Hong Kong, China
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4
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Wu H, Nakamura T, Guo Y, Matsumoto R, Munemasa S, Murata Y, Nakamura Y. Cycloartenyl Ferulate Is the Predominant Compound in Brown Rice Conferring Cytoprotective Potential against Oxidative Stress-Induced Cytotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010822. [PMID: 36614263 PMCID: PMC9821627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Since brown rice extract is a rich source of biologically active compounds, the present study is aimed to quantify the major compounds in brown rice and to compare their cytoprotective potential against oxidative stress. The content of the main hydrophobic compounds in brown rice followed the order of cycloartenyl ferulate (CAF) (89.00 ± 8.07 nmol/g) >> α-tocopherol (αT) (19.73 ± 2.28 nmol/g) > γ-tocotrienol (γT3) (18.24 ± 1.41 nmol/g) > α-tocotrienol (αT3) (16.02 ± 1.29 nmol/g) > γ-tocopherol (γT) (3.81 ± 0.40 nmol/g). However, the percent contribution of CAF to the radical scavenging activity of one gram of whole brown rice was similar to those of αT, αT3, and γT3 because of its weaker antioxidant activity. The CAF pretreatment displayed a significant cytoprotective effect on the hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity from 10 µM, which is lower than the minimal concentrations of αT and γT required for a significant protection. CAF also enhanced the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation coincided with the enhancement of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA level. An HO-1 inhibitor, tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP), significantly impaired the cytoprotection of CAF. The cytoprotective potential of CAF is attributable to its cycloartenyl moiety besides the ferulyl moiety. These results suggested that CAF is the predominant cytoprotector in brown rice against hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Wu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yingnan Guo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Riho Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Shintaro Munemasa
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Correspondence:
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5
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Ara T, Ono S, Hasan M, Ozono M, Kogure K. Protective effects of liposomes encapsulating ferulic acid against CCl 4-induced oxidative liver damage in vivo rat model. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2023; 72:46-53. [PMID: 36777075 PMCID: PMC9899917 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.22-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants are useful for the treatment of oxidative stress mediated liver damage. A naturally occurring antioxidant γ-oryzanol is rapidly hydrolyzed to its active hydrophobic metabolite, ferulic acid, inside the body. Limitations associated with the hydrophobicity of ferulic acid can be overcome by encapsulating in a liposomal formulation. As intravenously administered nanoparticles (including liposomes) can effectively reach the liver, such systems may be suitable drug delivery carriers to treat liver injury. In this study, we prepared a liposomal formulation of ferulic acid (ferulic-lipo) and examined its effects on liver damage induced by CCl4. Ferulic-lipo were ~100 nm in size and drug encapsulation efficiency was about 92%. Ferulic-lipo showed potent scavenging efficacy against hydroxyl radical compared to α-tocopherol liposomes. Ferulic-lipo significantly prevented CCl4-mediated cytotoxicity in human hepatocarcinoma cells. Furthermore, intravenous administration of ferulic-lipo significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase and aspartate amino transferase levels in a rat model of liver injury. CCl4-mediated reactive oxygen species generation in liver was also reduced by intravenous administration of ferulic-lipo. Hepatoprotective effects of ferulic-lipo were demonstrated by histological observation of CCl4-induced liver tissue damage. Therefore, ferulic-lipo exhibit potent antioxidative capacity and were suggested to be an effective formulation for prevention of oxidative damage of liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabassum Ara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi 1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Satoko Ono
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi 1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Mahadi Hasan
- Research Centre for Experimental Modeling of Human Diseases, Kanazawa University, Takaramachi 13-1, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Mizune Ozono
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi 1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kogure
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi 1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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6
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Xia X, Lin H, Luo F, Wu X, Zhu L, Chen S, Luo H, Ye F, Peng X, Zhang Y, Yang G, Lin Q. Oryzanol Ameliorates DSS-Stimulated Gut Barrier Damage via Targeting the Gut Microbiota Accompanied by the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 Cascade Response In Vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:15747-15762. [PMID: 36474430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a global chronic disease with a long duration and repeated relapse. Currently, there is still a lack of effective approaches to prevent IBD. Food-derived oryzanol (ORY) possesses extensive biological activities, such as ameliorating bowel diseases, antioxidation, and antiobesity. However, the mechanism of ORY in preventing colitis remains unclear. The present research aims to explore the potential mechanism of ORY in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-stimulated colitis in a rat model. The results showed that the symptoms of colitis were significantly improved with the administration of ORY. Mechanismly, the expression levels of Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), Claudin-1, Occludin, MUC2, and TFF3 were elevated through ORY treatment, suggesting that oral ORY relieved the degree of gut barrier damage of colitis rats. Meanwhile, 16S sequencing results found that ORY supplementation increased the abundances of Alloprevotella, Roseburia, Treponema, Muribaculaceae, and Ruminococcus, which are associated with the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Moreover, GC-MS results confirmed that ORY supplementation reversed the DSS-induced reduction of acetic acid, butyric acid, and total acid. Further research indicated that ORY intervention downregulated the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway, which is closely linked to the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and colon injury. Taken together, ORY ameliorates DSS-stimulated gut barrier damage and inflammatory responses via the gut microbiota-TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Xia
- National Research Center of Rice Deep Process and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
- National Center of Dark Tea Product Quality Inspection & Testing (Hunan), Yiyang Testing Institute of Product and Commodity Quality Supervision, Yiyang 413000, Hunan, China
| | - Hai Lin
- National Center of Dark Tea Product Quality Inspection & Testing (Hunan), Yiyang Testing Institute of Product and Commodity Quality Supervision, Yiyang 413000, Hunan, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- National Research Center of Rice Deep Process and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Xiuxiu Wu
- National Research Center of Rice Deep Process and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Lingfeng Zhu
- National Research Center of Rice Deep Process and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Shuilian Chen
- National Center of Dark Tea Product Quality Inspection & Testing (Hunan), Yiyang Testing Institute of Product and Commodity Quality Supervision, Yiyang 413000, Hunan, China
| | - Han Luo
- National Research Center of Rice Deep Process and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Fan Ye
- National Research Center of Rice Deep Process and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Peng
- National Center of Dark Tea Product Quality Inspection & Testing (Hunan), Yiyang Testing Institute of Product and Commodity Quality Supervision, Yiyang 413000, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Center of Dark Tea Product Quality Inspection & Testing (Hunan), Yiyang Testing Institute of Product and Commodity Quality Supervision, Yiyang 413000, Hunan, China
| | - Guliang Yang
- National Research Center of Rice Deep Process and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- National Research Center of Rice Deep Process and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
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Synergistic effects of curcumin and gamma-oryzanol solid dispersions ameliorate muscle atrophy by upregulating Nrf2 and IGF1/Insulin-Akt-mTOR activities in middle-aged rats. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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8
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In vitro digestion of binary mixture of α-tocopherol and γ-oryzanol in oil-in-water emulsion: Changes in stability and antioxidant potential. Food Res Int 2022; 159:111606. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Taarji N, Bouhoute M, Kobayashi I, Tominaga K, Isoda H, Nakajima M. Physicochemical stability and in-vitro bioaccessibility of concentrated γ-Oryzanol nanodispersions fabricated by solvent displacement method. Food Chem 2022; 382:132300. [PMID: 35134726 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Concentrated γ-Oryzanol nanodispersions were fabricated using milli-Q water (no emulsifier) or 0.1% (w/w) polysorbate 80 (T80), modified lecithin (ML) or sodium caseinate (SC) as emulsifiers. The freshly prepared nanodispersions had comparable particle diameter (118 to 157 nm), γ-Oryzanol concentration (1.75 to 1.92 mg mL-1) and free-radical scavenging activity (59 to 62%) and had negative ζ-potentials (-22 to -59 mV), indicating that both γ-Oryzanol and emulsifier coexisted on the particles' interface. The nanoparticles had superior physicochemical stability up to 30 days of storage at 5 °C and were successfully autoclaved without excessive growth or aggregation. Nevertheless, they showed distinct physical stability upon storage at specific environmental conditions, which affected their In-vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Comprehensively, emulsifier-free nanodispersions were sensitive to acidic pH, NaCl and CaCl2 addition. ML and SC coated nanoparticles were sensitive to Ca2+ ions, while T80 stabilized nanodispersions resisted to all environmental stresses, resulting in optimal simulated intestinal absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noamane Taarji
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan; Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 5-2, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Meryem Bouhoute
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan
| | - Isao Kobayashi
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan; Food Research Institute, NARO, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8642, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tominaga
- Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 5-2, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan; Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 5-2, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakajima
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan; Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 5-2, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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10
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Yan S, Chen J, Zhu L, Guo T, Qin D, Hu Z, Han S, Zhou Y, Akan OD, Wang J, Luo F, Lin Q. Oryzanol Attenuates High Fat and Cholesterol Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia by Regulating the Gut Microbiome and Amino Acid Metabolism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6429-6443. [PMID: 35587527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is intricately associated with the dysregulation of gut microbiota and host metabolomes. This study explored the antihyperlipidemic function of oryzanol and investigated whether the function of oryzanol affected the gut microbiome and its related metabolites. Hamsters were fed a standard diet (Control) and a high fat and cholesterol (HFCD) diet with or without oryzanol, separately. Our results showed that oryzanol significantly decreased HFCD-induced fat accumulation, serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), LDL-c/HDL-c ratio, triglyceride, and liver steatohepatitis, attenuated HFCD-induced gut microbiota alterations, and altered amino acid concentrations in feces and the liver. We investigated the role of the gut microbiota in the observed beneficial effects; the protective effects of oryzanol were partly diminished by suppressing the gut bacteria of hamsters after using antibiotics. A fecal microbiota transplantation experiment was carried out by transplanting the feces from HFCD group hamsters or hamsters given oryzanol supplementation (as a donor hamster). Our results showed that administering the fecal liquid from oryzanol-treated hamsters attenuated HFCD-induced hyperlipidemia, significantly decreased the abundance of norank_f__Erysipelotrichaceae, norank_f__Eubacteriaceae, and norank_f__Oscillospiraceae and the concentration of tyrosine. These outcomes are significantly positively correlated with serum lipid concentration. This study illustrated that gut microbiota is the target of oryzanol in the antihyperlipidemic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jihong Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Lingfeng Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Tianyi Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Dandan Qin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Zuomin Hu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Shuai Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yaping Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Otobang Donald Akan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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11
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Tan B, Qi Z, Yang G, Zhong H. Poly (Thioether-Polyesters) Micelles Encapsulation Induces ROS-Triggered Targeted Release of Tangeretin. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221080335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tangeretin (Tan) possesses great anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation bioactivities; however, it is accompanied by poor water solubility, which leads to inefficient cellular internalization. To address this issue, a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-triggered poly (thioether-polyesters) micelle (PDHP, PEG-DTT) was designed and prepared via self-assembly, which consisted of poly (thioether-polyesters) as the hydrophilic shell, and the drug Tan as the hydrophobic inner core. The micelles (Tan@ PDHP), with a 63.15% loading efficiency of Tan, showed negligible cytotoxicity, high stability in phosphate-buffered saline buffer (pH = 7.4), and continuous release of Tan with the stimulation of H2O2. In addition, this Tan loading micelle was more efficient in responding to the formation of ROS in the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells compared to that of the free Tan. In short, the strategy of encapsulating the low solubility Tan in ROS-triggered poly (thioether-polyesters) micelles provides an effective assay of enhancing Tan's antioxidative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhan Tan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-products Processing, Food Science and Engineering College, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Changkang Industrial Co., LTD., Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiwen Qi
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guliang Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-products Processing, Food Science and Engineering College, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haiyan Zhong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-products Processing, Food Science and Engineering College, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Mazzotta S, Baron G, Fumagalli L. Stable isotopic labelling of β-sitosteryl ferulate for use as analytical tool. Food Chem X 2022; 13:100227. [PMID: 35499030 PMCID: PMC9039913 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Labelled sitosteryl ferulate, a component of γ-oryzanol mixture, has been synthesized for analytical applications. A methoxy-d3 group was stably inserted on the aromatic ring of ferulic portion, together with a fourth deuterium incorporated on the double bond. The convenient synthesis could be applied for the preparation of other γ-oryzanol components.
Rice is one of the major staple foods consumed worldwide and due to the presence of γ-oryzanol (γ-OZ) it is well-recognized as functional food. For this reason, the most appropriate varieties' identification in term of content of γ-OZ has become essential in order to assess their potential nutraceutical exploitation. This study reports a suitable and versatile procedure to obtain the isotopologues of sitosteryl ferulate, one of the major γ-OZ components, namely 3-O-(3-OC2H3-feruloyl)-β-sitosterol (14-d3) and 3-O-(3-OC2H3-8-2H-feruloyl)-β-sitosterol (14-d4) for use as analytical tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Fumagalli
- Corresponding author at: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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13
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Preparation and characterization of concentrated γ-Oryzanol nanodispersions by solvent displacement method: Effect of processing conditions on nanoparticles formation. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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14
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Lim DW, Jeon H, Kim M, Yoon M, Jung J, Kwon S, Cho S, Um MY. Standardized rice bran extract improves hepatic steatosis in HepG2 cells and ovariectomized rats. Nutr Res Pract 2020; 14:568-579. [PMID: 33282120 PMCID: PMC7683207 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2020.14.6.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUD/OBJECTIVES Hepatic steatosis is the most common liver disorder, particularly in postmenopausal women. This study investigated the protective effects of standardized rice bran extract (RBS) on ovariectomized (OVX)-induced hepatic steatosis in rats. MATERIALS/METHODS HepG2 cells were incubated with 200 µM oleic acid to induce lipid accumulation with or without RBS and γ-oryzanol. OVX rats were separated into three groups and fed a normal diet (ND) or the ND containing 17β-estradiol (E2; 10 µg/kg) and RBS (500 mg/kg) for 16 weeks. RESULTS RBS supplementation improved serum triglyceride and free fatty acid levels in OVX rats. Histological analysis showed that RBS significantly attenuated hepatic fat accumulation and decreased hepatic lipid, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Additionally, RBS suppressed the estrogen deficiency-induced upregulation of lipogenic genes, such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, fatty acid synthase, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1. CONCLUSIONS RBS and γ-oryzanol effectively reduced lipid accumulation in a HepG2 cell hepatic steatosis model. RBS improves OVX-induced hepatic steatosis by regulating the SREBP1-mediated activation of lipogenic genes, suggesting the benefits of RBS in preventing fatty liver in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Lim
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Hyejin Jeon
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Minseok Yoon
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Jonghoon Jung
- Technical Assistance Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Sangoh Kwon
- S&D Research and Development Institute, Cheongju 28156, Korea
| | - Suengmok Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Min Young Um
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea.,Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
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