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Tickell A, Fonagy P, Hajdú K, Obradović S, Pilling S. 'Am I really the priority here?': help-seeking experiences of university students who self-harmed. BJPsych Open 2024; 10:e40. [PMID: 38297500 PMCID: PMC10897682 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2023.652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-harm is a significant problem in university students because of its association with emotional distress, physical harm, broader mental health issues and potential suicidality. Research suggests that fewer than half of students who have self-harmed seek professional help when at university. AIMS This study aimed to explore the help-seeking journeys of university students who had engaged in self-harm, to identify perceived facilitators and barriers to securing both formal and informal support. METHOD Participants comprised 12 students who had self-harmed during their university tenure. Engaging in two semi-structured interviews over the academic year, they shared insights into their help-seeking behaviours and proposed enhancements to local services. Data underwent reflexive thematic analysis within a critical realist framework. RESULTS The analysis identified four themes: 'The initial university phase poses the greatest challenge', 'Perceived criteria for "valid" mental health problems', 'Evading external judgements, concerns and consequences' and 'The pivotal role of treatment options and flexibility in recovery'. CONCLUSIONS Students felt isolated and misunderstood, which amplified self-harming tendencies and diminished inclinations for help-seeking. A prevalent belief was that for self-harm to be deemed 'valid', it must manifest with a certain severity; however, concurrent fears existed around the ramifications of perceived excessive severity. Participants expressed a desire for streamlined pathways to mental health resources, encompassing both university and external mental health services. Insights from this study could guide future research and inform current service paradigms within academic and healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Tickell
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, UK
| | - Peter Fonagy
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, UK
| | - Katalin Hajdú
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, UK
| | - Sandra Obradović
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, The Open University, UK
| | - Stephen Pilling
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, UK
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Linden B, Ecclestone A. Preliminary evidence for the validity of the Brief Post-Secondary Student Stressors Index (Brief-PSSI): A cross-sectional psychometric assessment. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297171. [PMID: 38241357 PMCID: PMC10798508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The brief version of the Post-Secondary Student Stressors Index (Brief-PSSI) was developed in order to improve the usability of the instrument as a method for evaluating the severity and frequency of stressors faced by post-secondary students. While the original 46-item instrument has been thoroughly psychometrically validated and successfully used among student populations, the length of the instrument limits its utility. Providing a valid, shortened version of the PSSI will enable institutions to include the tool on existing online surveys currently being deployed to surveil the mental health and wellbeing of their students. This study reports preliminary evidence in support of the validity and reliability of the Brief-PSSI using a cross-sectional pilot sample of students attending an Ontario university in 2022. A total of 349 participants (average age 25 (SD = 7.7), range 19-60) completed the first survey, while 149 completed the follow-up survey (average age of 26 (SD = 7.7), range 17-60). Evidence of internal structure, relations to other variables, and of test-retest reliability was assessed according to established index validation guidelines, including the specification of multiple-indicator, multiple-cause models, and Spearman's rho correlation coefficients. Results provide preliminary support for the validity and reliability of the tool, which demonstrated acceptable goodness-of-fit statistics, statistically significant relationships with like constructs in the hypothesized directions, and good test-retest reliability correlation coefficients. The Brief-PSSI is a useful tool for evaluating the sources of stress among post-secondary students, assessing both the severity of stress experienced and frequency with which each stressor occurred. Future research should explore the practical utility of adding the Brief-PSSI to existing survey assessments as well as pursue the continued collection of validation evidence for the tool among varied student populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Linden
- Health Services and Policy Research Institute, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy Ecclestone
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Yang Q, Zhang W, Wu H, Huang B, Zhang C, Niu G. The Association between Perceived Family Financial Stress and Adolescent Suicide Ideation: A Moderated Mediation Model. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:948. [PMID: 37998693 PMCID: PMC10669165 DOI: 10.3390/bs13110948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, suicide (especially adolescents' suicide) has been an increasingly prominent social problem worldwide; suicide ideation, as an important predictor, has been the focus of relevant studies and practices. Against this background, the present study aimed to examine the association between perceived family financial stress and adolescents' suicidal ideation, as well as the potential roles of depression and parent-child attachment. A sample of 526 junior middle school students was recruited voluntarily to participate in this cross-sectional study, and the results indicated that the prevalence of suicidal ideation among junior high school students was 15.45%; perceived family financial stress was positively associated with suicidal ideation, and depression could significantly mediate this relation; parent-child attachment significantly moderated the mediating effect of depression (in particular, the relation between depression and suicidal ideation); specifically, this relation was stronger among adolescents with lower values of parent-child attachment. These findings could deepen our understanding of the influences of perceived family financial condition and the risky factors of adolescents' suicidal ideation, which could provide guidance for the prevention and intervention of adolescents' depression and suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- School of Humanities, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- School of Marxism, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Mental Health Education and Counselling Centre, Guangzhou College of Commerce, Guangzhou 511363, China;
| | - Baozhen Huang
- College of Education and Arts, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China
| | - Chenyan Zhang
- Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Gengfeng Niu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Piña-Watson B, Suarez Bonilla G, Manzo G, Gonzalez IM. Examining associations between value-behavior discrepancy guilt, anxiety, and suicide risk for Mexican descent college students: Resilience through self-compassion. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37855815 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2253916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study examines self-compassion (SC) as a potential protective factor in the relationship between value-behavior discrepancy guilt (VBDG) and the mental health outcomes of anxiety and suicide risk in a sample of Mexican-descent college students. METHOD Participants consisted of 810 college students of Mexican descent. Students were recruited through a psychology participant pool and completed an online survey. Two regression analyses examined the direct effect of VBDG on anxiety symptoms and suicide risk with SC as a moderator. RESULTS Results indicated that high levels of SC were protective in the relationship between VBDG and mental health outcomes. On the other hand, lower levels of SC put one at risk for increased anxiety symptoms and higher suicide risk when they experience VBDG. CONCLUSION The study shows the need to develop interventions that cultivate a high sense of SC in Mexican-descent college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandy Piña-Watson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Gisel Suarez Bonilla
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Gabriela Manzo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Iliana M Gonzalez
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Hamza CA, Robinson K, Hasking PA, Heath NL, Lewis SP, Lloyd-Richardson E, Whitlock J, Wilson MS. Educational stakeholders' attitudes and knowledge about nonsuicidal self-injury among university students: A cross-national study. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:2140-2150. [PMID: 34380005 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1961782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a commonly occurring, yet historically poorly understood, mental health concern among post-secondary students. The present study sought to identify the current knowledge needs of university stakeholders to inform training efforts around effective NSSI response and student support on university campuses. Participants were 1,762 university students, staff, and student-staff (77% female) from seven universities in Canada, the USA, New Zealand, and Australia. Participants completed an online survey about their attitudes and knowledge of both general mental health and NSSI. University stakeholders reported significantly greater stigma toward NSSI than mental illness in general. Student-staff reported greater perceived knowledge and comfort, and demonstrated greater knowledge of NSSI, than students and staff. Findings underscore the need for additional training and resources to reduce stigma and increase knowledge about NSSI on university campuses internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe A Hamza
- Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kealagh Robinson
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Penny A Hasking
- Health Sciences, School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Nancy L Heath
- Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephen P Lewis
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Janis Whitlock
- Family Life Development Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Marc S Wilson
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Linden B, Stuart H, Ecclestone A. Trends in Post-Secondary Student Stress: A Pan-Canadian Study. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2023; 68:521-530. [PMID: 35791667 PMCID: PMC10408557 DOI: 10.1177/07067437221111365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research has evaluated the sources of post-secondary student stress, but has failed to explore whether stressors fluctuate over time. The purpose of this research was to use the Post-Secondary Student Stressors Index to examine whether stressors changed significantly and meaningfully over the course of an academic year. Due to the timing of data collection, results also provide context around students' experiences of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD Cross-sectional data was collected at 3 time points via online surveys over the course of the 2020-2021 academic year from >10,000 students. Participants attended 15 post-secondary institutions across Canada, representing 9 provinces and 1 territory. Validated instruments were used to assess levels of stress, distress and the severity of student-specific stressors. Kruskal-Wallis ranked tests and multiple pairwise comparison analyses were conducted to assess whether the mean severity of stressors changed over time. Standard effect sizes were calculated using Cohen's d. RESULTS Mean levels of stress and psychological distress were high at the start of the study and remained high across time points. A similarly high level of stress was observed on average for student-specific stressors. While significant differences in mean severity were observed over time for some stressors, standardized effect sizes were negligible, suggesting little meaningful change and consistent levels of chronic stress over the course of the academic year. CONCLUSIONS This is the first paper to examine trends in student-specific stress using a nationwide sample of Canadian post-secondary students during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Patterns observed in student-specific stressors reflected changes likely to be indicative of the pandemic, including the most severe stress associated with academics, finances and concerns for the future. Implications for future research are discussed, in particular, the importance of examining stressors related to COVID-19 and their impact on student mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Linden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Health Services and Policy Research Institute, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather Stuart
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Health Services and Policy Research Institute, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy Ecclestone
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Health Services and Policy Research Institute, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Tseng YC, Ditchman N. Non-suicidal self-injury in a college sample: Intrapersonal and family factors. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37167593 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2209206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Adolescents and young adults are at risk for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal behavior. This study examined intrapersonal (depressive symptoms, self-criticism) and family (perceived family functioning, parenting style, parental attachment) factors associated with reported history of NSSI in a college sample. Method: Participants included 111 undergraduate students (Mage = 20.2) from a private, nonprofit university. Data were collected via online survey. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis was conducted. Results: The final model was statically significant, Nagelkerke R2 = .40, suggesting a robust association between the predictors and history of NSSI. Self-criticism and unhealthy family functioning were significant predictors of NSSI behaviors after controlling for study variables and demographic characteristics. Reported history of engaging in NSSI was positively correlated with parent alienation, unhealthy family functioning, self-criticizing behaviors, and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: College mental health providers should be familiar with risk factors of NSSI as well as strategies to address self-criticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Chun Tseng
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nicole Ditchman
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Peng S, Zhang W, Yang T, Cottrell RR, Rockett IRH. Contextual influences on deliberate self-harm among Chinese university undergraduates: A representative nationwide study. J Affect Disord 2023; 335:371-376. [PMID: 37169084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have identified factors associated with deliberate self-harm (DSH), but environmental influences have largely been neglected. This study explored regional and university contextual factors that impact DSH among undergraduate students in China. METHODS Subjects in this observational cross-sectional study totaled 5016 undergraduate students, who were identified through multistage survey sampling in 22 Chinese universities. Individual-level data were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire, and environmental variables were extracted from the National Bureau of Statistics database. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to examine regional correlates of DSH. RESULTS The overall prevalence of self-reported DSH in the study sample was 7.5 % (95 % CI: 4.1 %, 10.9 %). The full multilevel logistic model showed university rank and city size were inversely associated with DSH prevalence (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 0.24 and 0.55). Regional unemployment rates were positively associated with DSH prevalence (AOR: 1.98, 95 % CI: 1.48, 2.65). DISCUSSION Contextual disparities appear to contribute to DSH among Chinese undergraduates. Preventive initiatives must focus on redressing imbalances in the allocation of social and economic resources across universities and regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihui Peng
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Weifang Zhang
- The Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310006, China
| | - Tingzhong Yang
- Department of Social Medicine/Center for Tobacco Control Research, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Injury Control Research Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9190, USA.
| | - Randall R Cottrell
- Public Health Studies Program, School of Health and Applied Human Sciences, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA.
| | - Ian R H Rockett
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health/Injury Control Research Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9190, USA.
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Griffin K, Twynstra J, Gilliland JA, Seabrook JA. Correlates of self-harm in university students: A cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:959-966. [PMID: 34242122 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1909049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To determine the prevalence of university students who have ever engaged in self-harm and to examine its correlates. Frequency of thinking about self-harm was explored as a secondary outcome. Participants: Students at Western University in London, Ontario, Canada. Methods: This cross-sectional study was completed via an online questionnaire. Logistic regressions assessed the influence of sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with lifetime self-harm and thoughts about self-harm. Results: The sample consisted of 2626 university students. Almost 25% engaged in self-harm in their lifetime and close to 33% have thought about harming themselves. A non-straight sexual orientation, marijuana use, prescription drugs not prescribed, and mental health problems increased the risk of both outcomes. Females were over two times more likely to engage in self-harm than males. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that is needed for developing effective interventions to reduce the risk of self-harm by targeting university students who are most at-risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Griffin
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jasna Twynstra
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason A Gilliland
- Department of Geography, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- School of Health Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jamie A Seabrook
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, London, Ontario, Canada
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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Watts J, Scarton C, Chumbler NR, With E, Knapp-Grosz T, Ousby S. Disparities in Suicidal Behaviors and Mental Health Issues Among Gender Minority College Students. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE STUDENT PSYCHOTHERAPY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/87568225.2023.2188572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Watts
- Rehabilitation Health Services, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Carly Scarton
- Counselor Education, California State University Sacramento, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Neale R Chumbler
- Department of Diagnostic and Health Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center VolShop Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Elizabeth With
- Student Affairs, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | | | - Sara Ousby
- Student Affairs, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
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Zhao X, Lukito S, Huang X, Qiu C, Tang W. Longitudinal associations between pandemic post-traumatic stress symptoms and subsequent non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents: A multiple mediation model. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:707-715. [PMID: 36529405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS PTSD is one of the most common conditions after people have experienced trauma. While previous studies have found a link between PTSD and non-suicidal self-injury, (NSSI), few studies have longitudinally explored this relationship and the underlying mechanisms. AIMS This study explored adolescent NSSI frequency after COVID-19 lockdown experiences, the relationship with early PTSD symptoms, and the mediating role of depression and sleep problems. METHODS A cohort of 1609 adolescents completed two surveys during and after the national lockdown in China; one month into the lockdown and six months later; which assessed demographic and pandemic-related exposure variables; PTSD, depression, sleep, and NSSI. Mediation analyses and hierarchical regression were employed to examine the relationships and the paths between these variables. RESULTS The NSSI rate was found to be 31.9 % after the three-month lockdown, with 20.6 % of adolescent participants reporting sleeping disorders, and 33.9 % indicating probable depression. Adolescents who had earlier PTSD symptoms, often smoked and/or drank, and had current depression and sleep disorders reported greater NSSI. Early PTSD symptoms were found to predict later NSSI and were mediated by sleep problems and depressive symptoms. Specifically, PTSD avoidance and numbing symptoms were significantly associated with NSSI above and beyond the depressive symptoms, sleeping problems, and the other covariables. CONCLUSION It is necessary to be vigilant about the increased risk of NSSI in adolescents who have experienced extended pandemic lockdowns. Preventing early adolescent PTSD symptoms, especially avoidance and numbness, and helping teenagers quit smoking and drinking could reduce the risk of sleep disorders, depression, and NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingkui Zhao
- School of Teacher Education, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China; Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Steve Lukito
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xia Huang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Changjian Qiu
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanjie Tang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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12
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Ogawa S, Hayashida M, Tayama J, Saigo T, Nakaya N, Sone T, Kobayashi M, Bernick P, Takeoka A, Shirabe S. Preventive Effects of Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in First-Year University Students at Risk for Depression: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial. Percept Mot Skills 2023; 130:790-807. [PMID: 36720673 DOI: 10.1177/00315125231153778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
High scores on Harm Avoidance (HA) on Cloniger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) have been identified as a risk factor for depression. Group cognitive-behavioral therapy (GCBT) has been found effective in preventing depression and improving depressive symptoms among university students. However, no randomized controlled trials of GCBT have been conducted with university students with high HA. Although we initiated a randomized controlled trial in this study, some participants submitted incomplete questionnaires at baseline interfering with assured randomization; therefore, we report this study as a non-randomized controlled trial. We evaluated whether a GCBT intervention would be effective at reducing HA and, thereby, preventing depression in university students with high HA. We performed final analysis of data on 59 participants in the intervention group and 60 in a control group. We used scores on the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) as the primary outcome measure and analysis of covariance to assess group differences on mean BDI-II change scores before the intervention and at six months and one year after the intervention. The intervention group had lower BDI-II scores than the control group at six months after the intervention. GCBT may have facilitated cognitive modification in individuals with high HA, or GCBT may have fostered mutual modeling by group participants. Thus, GCBT may contribute to reducing depressive symptoms in university students with high HA, and associated risk for developing depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Ogawa
- Health Center, 12961Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Jun Tayama
- 68397Faculty of Human Sciences Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Saigo
- Graduate School of Psychological Science, 12811Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakaya
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, 13101Tohoku University, Sendai Aoba-ku, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Sone
- Department of Occupational Therapy, 183174Fukushima Medical University School of Health Sciences, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | - Peter Bernick
- Health Center, 12961Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Student Accessibility Office, 12961Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Susumu Shirabe
- National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, 12961Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Selby EA, Harnedy LE, Hiner M, Kim J. Developmental and Momentary Dynamics in the Onset and Maintenance of Nonsuicidal Self-Injurious Behavior and Borderline Personality Disorder. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2022; 24:897-909. [PMID: 36422833 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-022-01396-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Traditional conceptualizations of both nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) typically rely on static and unidirectional, linear associations between key biopsychosocial vulnerabilities. Instead, we argue that utilizing a complex dynamic systems view of NSSI and BPD will advance the field, as such conceptual models allow for analysis of bottom-up effects for key vulnerabilities on disorder and behavior emergence, as well as top-down effects of the emergent disorder on underlying vulnerabilities. RECENT FINDINGS Following the presentation of a novel framework highlighting momentary and developmental dynamics, we explore several advances in the field that exhibit key dynamic qualities or inform dynamic conceptualizations of NSSI and BPD. At the momentary dynamic level, several advances are being made with multimethod and repeated assessment approaches, as well as advanced bidirectional and complex modeling procedures. Additional progress is being made at the developmental dynamic level, although several questions have arisen regarding the problem of onset and subsequent trajectory, particularly with issues such as pain perception and the interplay between interpersonal, emotional, and behavioral symptoms before and after treatment. Self-injury and BPD both exhibit substantial momentary and developmental dynamics in underlying vulnerabilities, including potential variance in momentary dynamics as a function of psychopathological developmental stage (e.g., onset versus maintenance versus recovery). Recent work has highlighted the necessity of utilizing multimodal research to encapsulate a holistic view of the interplay of several vulnerability factors, the developmental importance of assessment timing, and the need to examine the dynamic interplay between affect, behavior, and interpersonal experiences in BPD and/or NSSI. Research also indicated substantial variation in key vulnerability factors at both between- and within-person levels, highlighting the utility of harnessing statistical models that allow for the simultaneous incorporation of numerous variables at both levels and across several time points. As such, by using a complex dynamic systems conceptualization, we can begin to better understand integrated connections between key vulnerabilities, how they collectively interact in the short term, and how changes in the dynamic interplay between vulnerabilities may arise over the long term and with successful treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Selby
- Department of Psychology, The State University of New Jersey, Tillett 101, 53 Avenue E. Piscatway, Rutgers, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Lauren E Harnedy
- Department of Psychology, The State University of New Jersey, Tillett 101, 53 Avenue E. Piscatway, Rutgers, NJ, 08854, USA
| | | | - Joanne Kim
- Department of Psychology, The State University of New Jersey, Tillett 101, 53 Avenue E. Piscatway, Rutgers, NJ, 08854, USA
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da Silva Bandeira BE, Dos Santos Júnior A, Dalgalarrondo P, de Azevedo RCS, Celeri EHVR. Nonsuicidal self-injury in undergraduate students: a cross-sectional study and association with suicidal behavior. Psychiatry Res 2022; 318:114917. [PMID: 36332506 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in graduates and correlate NSSI with sociodemographic profile, suicidal behavior, and prior mental health disorders. The study is part of a larger survey investigating sociodemographic profile, quality of life and mental health in undergraduates from one of Brazil´s largest universities. A bespoke questionnaire was devised about NSSI based on the DSM5 diagnostic criteria. The data were analyzed using the statistical analysis package SPSS. A total of 6.906 university students took part in the study. Regarding NSSI, 17.8% of students reported at least one episode in their lifetime, and 35% reported age at NSSI onset of 14-16 years. Self-injurious behavior was associated with female gender, self-reported black skin color, dissatisfaction with the chosen course, history of bullying and prior mental disorder. There was a ten times greater risk of suicidal behavior among self-injurers and this risk was higher still for recurrent NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Evelline da Silva Bandeira
- Post-graduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Medicine, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Federal District, Brazil.
| | - Amilton Dos Santos Júnior
- Post-graduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Medical Science, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Dalgalarrondo
- Post-graduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Medical Science, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eloisa Helena Valler Rubello Celeri
- Post-graduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Medical Science, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Jayasinghe A, Wrobel A, Filia K, Byrne LK, Melvin G, Berk L, Berk M, Cotton S. Psychological distress in siblings of people with mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2022; 57:642-660. [PMID: 36113083 DOI: 10.1177/00048674221123481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to characterise the prevalence and/or severity of psychological distress (namely, depression and anxiety symptoms) in siblings of people with mental illness (MI) and to examine correlates of distress in siblings of people with MI. METHOD Studies comparing distress in individuals with and without a sibling with MI were eligible. Studies reporting on correlates of distress in siblings were also eligible. A search of MEDLINE Complete, PsycINFO and Embase was conducted up until 17 March 2022. RESULTS Fifteen studies comprising 2304 siblings and 2263 comparison individuals were included. Meta-analyses indicated individuals with a sibling with MI experience significantly greater depressive symptoms (Hedges's g = 0.53, 95% CI = [0.32, 0.73], siblings n = 1962, comparison individuals n = 2248) and anxiety symptoms (Hedges's g = 0.40, 95% CI = [0.19, 0.61], siblings n = 653, comparison individuals n = 533) than those without. The sibling relationship, siblings' locus of control, interpersonal functioning and their appraisal of the impacts of MI were identified as important and potentially modifiable correlates. CONCLUSION Individuals with a sibling with MI experience greater depressive and anxiety symptoms than those without and would likely benefit from support. Future studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying distress in siblings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradhi Jayasinghe
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna Wrobel
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate Filia
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Linda K Byrne
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Glenn Melvin
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Lesley Berk
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sue Cotton
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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16
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Linden B, Ecclestone A, Stuart H. A scoping review and evaluation of instruments used to measure resilience among post-secondary students. SSM Popul Health 2022; 19:101227. [PMID: 36177483 PMCID: PMC9513163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As mental health problems continue to increase among post-secondary populations, the need to develop effective initiatives designed to bolster students’ resilience has increasingly been identified as a priority. Therefore, access to valid tools with which to measure the efficacy of these interventions is imperative. To date, a comprehensive assessment of existing instruments used to evaluate the construct of resilience among post-secondary student populations has not been conducted. The purpose of this study was to fill this gap by conducting a scoping review of literature detailing the use of resilience instruments and evaluating their quality based on suitability for use in the post-secondary setting and associated psychometric evidence. We identified a total of 78 records published between 2010 and 2022, extracting a total of 12 instruments. Using detailed criteria frameworks, each instrument was assessed in terms of suitability and quality of associated psychometric evidence for validity and reliability. The results of our study suggest that many of the instruments currently being used to assess resilience among post-secondary students may not be appropriate. The majority of the instruments included in our review were developed for use among general adult populations and not specifically designed for use in the post-secondary setting. Most instruments did not assess resilience in a comprehensive, holistic matter that addressed the ability to bounce back from adversity by drawing upon psychological, social, cultural, and environmental resources, as defined by recent research. Further, no instruments included in our review had published evidence in support of a complete psychometric analysis. The results of our evaluation suggest that the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) is the most suitable instrument for measuring resilience among post-secondary populations due to its suitability, comprehensive assessment of the construct of resilience, and demonstrably strong psychometric properties for both the 25- and 10-item versions of the tool. There is a need for access to valid and appropriate tools with which to measure post-secondary students’ resilience. We identified a total of 12 instruments evaluating resilience among post-secondary student populations. The majority of the instruments were not designed for use in the post-secondary setting and were not comprehensive· We recommend the CD-RISC as the most suitable. We recommend the CD-RISC as the most suitable instrument for measuring resilience among post-secondary students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Linden
- Health Services and Policy Research Institute, Queen's University, 21 Arch Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3L3, 343-333-6127, Canada
| | - Amy Ecclestone
- Health Services and Policy Research Institute, Queen's University, 21 Arch Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3L3, 343-333-6127, Canada
| | - Heather Stuart
- Health Services and Policy Research Institute, Departments of Public Health Sciences, Psychiatry and School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Canada
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17
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Steele MA, Power J, Smith HP. A Functional Approach to the Assessment of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury on YouTube. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2022; 43:808-817. [PMID: 35594485 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2022.2072547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This research explores representations of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) on social media. The current study aims to examine the applicability of a functional model of NSSI to videos posted on YouTube by analyzing the 100 most viewed YouTube videos relating to NSSI at a point in time in 2018. Motivations for continued engagement in NSSI were examined for each content creator who posted one of the top 100 most viewed videos relating to NSSI. Categorizations of a content creator's motivation were based on Nock and Prinstein (2004) four-function model (FFM) of NSSI, in which the motivations, or functions, of NSSI are categorized by two dichotomous factors: (a) positive (i.e., involves the addition of a favorable stimulus) or negative (i.e., involves the removal of an aversive stimulus) and (b) automatic (i.e., intrapersonal) or social (i.e., interpersonal). Uploaders most endorsed automatic negative reinforcement (50%), followed by automatic positive (26%), social positive (3%), and social negative (3%). Considering the growing number of children and adolescents with near constant access to internet and social media, there may be implications for further development of safety measures for social media platforms. The results of this study may be valuable for parents, health care professionals, and educators, who should be aware of available social media content relating to NSSI and consider implementing additional media-literacy and media-safety education in school curriculums and programming for children and adolescents. Furthermore, health care professional should be aware that misconceptions of NSSI may have an impact on patients' willingness to seek treatment, or the attitude with which treatment is sought.
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18
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Tang WC, Lin MP, Wu JYW, Lee YT, You J. Mediating role of depression in the association between alexithymia and nonsuicidal self-injury in a representative sample of adolescents in Taiwan. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:43. [PMID: 35705987 PMCID: PMC9202208 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nock's (2009) integrated theoretical model suggests that specific intrapersonal vulnerability factors caused by distal risk factors contribute to the development of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). Alexithymia and depression have been found to predict NSSI. Based on Nock's model, alexithymia plays a distal risk factor role to increase the risk of depression-an intrapersonal vulnerability factor-and further increase the risk of NSSI. However, small or unrepresentative samples in past studies limit the generalizability of the results. This study examined the roles of depression and alexithymia in predicting NSSI, as well as the mediating effect of depression in the relation between alexithymia and NSSI in a large representative sample of adolescents in Taiwan. METHODS Using a cross-sectional study design, a large representative sample of 2,170 senior high school students in Taiwan was assessed by self-report measures of alexithymia, depression, and NSSI. Mediation analyses were performed to examine whether the relation between alexithymia and NSSI was mediated by depression. The questionnaires were administered in classrooms. RESULTS Results showed that alexithymia positively predicted NSSI (β = 0.23, p < .001) and depression can also positively predict NSSI (β = 0.41, p < .001). Additionally, the association between alexithymia and NSSI was fully mediated by depression. CONCLUSIONS This study data provided evidence for the mediating role of depression between alexithymia and NSSI, which can be explained by Nock's (2009) integrated theoretical model. The implications of the findings for future research and intervention were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ching Tang
- grid.412090.e0000 0001 2158 7670Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Taiwan Normal University, No.162, Sec. 1, Heping E. Rd., Da-an District, 106 Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Min-Pei Lin
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Taiwan Normal University, No.162, Sec. 1, Heping E. Rd., Da-an District, 106, Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Jo Yung-Wei Wu
- Good-Day Psychology Clinic, 5F., No. 167, Xialin Rd., South District, 702 Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Ting Lee
- grid.412120.40000 0004 0639 002XDepartment of Counseling and Guidance, National University of Tainan, No.33, Sec. 2, Shu- Lin St, 700 Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jianing You
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), & School of Psychology, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Anosike C, Anene-Okeke CG, Ayogu EE, Oshigbo MC. Prevalence of depression and anxiety, and attitudes toward seeking help among first-year pharmacy, medical, and nursing students at a Nigerian university. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2022; 14:720-728. [PMID: 35809901 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The first year of university study tends to be particularly challenging and exhausting, especially for students in health sciences. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of anxiety and depression among first-year pharmacy, medicine, and nursing students at a Nigerian university as well as their attitudes toward seeking professional support. METHODS This study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey among all first-year pharmacy, medicine, and nursing students. Paper-based self-administered questionnaires were used, and they included the Patient Health Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and Pearson correlation were used for data analysis. RESULTS The study included 522 students (89% response rate). The prevalence of depression among participants was 71.8%, while the prevalence of anxiety was 61.7%. Only 24.9% of the participants expressed willingness to seek professional psychological help. Attitudes toward getting professional care was inversely related to the prevalence of depression (r = -0.155, P = .01) and anxiety (r = -0.098, P = .05). Age, smoking, alcohol intake, and dietary habits were associated with the occurrence of depression and anxiety. No demographic variables were related to the participants' attitudes toward seeking professional care. CONCLUSIONS Depression and anxiety symptoms were very common among health science freshmen. However, the vast majority of students were unwilling to seek help. Students' attitudes toward seeking treatment are influenced by the prevalence of depression and anxiety. Therefore, educational interventions on mental health promotion are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chibueze Anosike
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Chigozie G Anene-Okeke
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Ebere E Ayogu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Mariagorathy C Oshigbo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria.
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20
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Ganson KT, Mitchison D, Rodgers RF, Cunningham ML, Murray SB, Nagata JM. Compulsive exercise among college students: 5-year time trends in prevalence and demographic, substance use, and mental health correlates. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:717-728. [PMID: 34024038 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide 5-year time trends in prevalence and demographic, substance use, and mental health correlates of compulsive exercise among a national sample of college men and women. METHODS We analyzed 4 academic survey years (2016-2020; N = 8251) of the national (USA) Healthy Minds Study. Compulsive exercise was measured by self-report of any occurrence of "compulsive" exercise in the past 4 weeks. Unadjusted prevalence of compulsive exercise in the past 4 weeks was estimated across the 4 survey years by sex. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted among the pooled sample and stratified by sex to estimate the associations between compulsive exercise in the past 4 weeks and demographic, substance use, and mental health correlates. RESULTS Among the pooled sample, 11% (95% confidence interval [CI] 9.60-12.42%) of men and 17% (95% CI 15.86-18.24%) of women reported compulsive exercise in the past 4 weeks. Prevalence across the 4 survey years remained stable among men and women. Higher body mass index was associated with greater odds of any compulsive exercise in the past 4 weeks among men, while any sports participation was associated with greater odds of any compulsive exercise in the past 4 weeks among women. Compulsive exercise in the past 4 weeks was associated with greater odds of all mental health symptoms and illicit drug use among men and women, and higher odds of alcohol use among women. CONCLUSION Compulsive exercise is relatively common among college men and women and is associated with substance use behaviors and poor mental health symptoms. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street W, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada.
| | - Deborah Mitchison
- School of Medicine, Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachel F Rodgers
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Stuart B Murray
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason M Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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21
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Hamdan S, Apter A, Levi-Belz Y. Non-suicidal Self-Injury Among Adolescents From Diverse Ethnocultural Groups in Israel: The Association With Sleep Problems and Internet Addiction. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:899956. [PMID: 35633814 PMCID: PMC9136052 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.899956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although Non-suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) has received more attention in recent years, most of these studies focused on samples from North American and European countries; consequently, little is known about its patterns and frequency in other cultures as well as its relation to sleep problems and internet addiction. As one of the few studies that aim to fill this gap, the current study examined the prevalence, characteristics, and types of NSSI behaviors among adolescents from diverse ethnocultural groups. METHODS A sample of 642 adolescents, aged 12-18 years, were randomly recruited from different middle and high schools in Israel, employing a snowball sampling technique. The sample included the following: 50% Jews and 34.7% Muslims born in Israel, 9.7% immigrants from the former Soviet Union (FSU), and 4.4% immigrants from Ethiopia. The participants completed self-report questionnaires that assessed their NSSI, sleep problems, internet addictions, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Almost one-third of the sample had engaged in NSSI, while 6% frequently injured themselves. More than half of the FSU immigrants and one-third of the Muslim participants indicated that they engaged in NSSI. These two population groups also exhibited severe depressive symptoms, sleep problems, and internet addictions. The most parsimonious correlations with NSSI included being male, an immigrant/Muslim minority who exhibited severe depressive symptoms and internet addictions. CONCLUSIONS These results emphasize the need for routine NSSI assessments to prevent long-term sequelae, including any forms of suicidal thoughts and behaviors and adult borderline personality disorder (BPD). Primary preventive programs that include adaptive coping skills may eliminate the social contagion effect of NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Hamdan
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo (MTA), Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alan Apter
- Fienberg Child Study Center, Schneider Children' Medical Center of Israel, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yossi Levi-Belz
- The Lior Tsfaty Center for Suicide and Mental Pain Studies, Ruppin Academic Center, Hadera, Israel
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22
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Wang S, Xu H, Zhang S, Yang R, Li D, Sun Y, Wan Y, Tao F. Linking Childhood Maltreatment and Psychological Symptoms: The Role of Social Support, Coping Styles, and Self-Esteem in Adolescents. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP620-NP650. [PMID: 32389058 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520918571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Psychological symptoms are common among adolescents in China, which are associated with various negative consequences. There has been a pressing need for additional research of factors responsible for the occurrence of psychological symptoms during this developmental period, among which childhood maltreatment, personal coping style, one's levels of social support, and self-esteem deserve our attention. The association between childhood maltreatment and psychological symptoms is evident; however, the possible mediating effect of the other three factors mentioned above remains unclear. Hence, the current study aims to investigate the possible mediating roles of social support, coping style, and self-esteem in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and the development of psychological symptoms among adolescents. An adolescent-based health survey was conducted between 2013 and 2014 in 15 schools in China. A total of 9,704 students (aged 11-19 years) were enrolled and measures on childhood maltreatment, social support, coping styles, self-esteem, and psychological symptoms were completed. It was found that childhood maltreatment was positively correlated with psychological symptoms and negative coping styles, and negatively correlated with social support, positive coping styles, and self-esteem (p < .001). Social support, coping styles, and self-esteem mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and psychological symptoms. The estimated effect of childhood maltreatment on the occurrence of psychological symptoms could be explained by the mediation of social support, positive coping styles, negative coping styles, and self-esteem, whose ratio of roles came to 13.8%, 7.5%, 20.9%, and 10.3%, respectively. These findings indicate a need to promote social support, self-esteem, and positive coping styles, and decrease the level of negative coping styles, to markedly reduce the impact of psychological symptoms of childhood maltreatment among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Huiqiong Xu
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Shichen Zhang
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Danlin Li
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Yuhui Wan
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
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23
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Christensen K, Chu C, Silverman AL, Peckham AD, Björgvinsson T, Beard C. Prevalence and correlates of past-month suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts, and non-suicidal self-injury among adults in a partial hospital program. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 144:397-404. [PMID: 34741837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the prevalence and cross-sectional correlates of past-month suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts, interrupted attempts, aborted attempts, and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among patients seeking treatment at a partial hospitalization program (PHP). METHOD 1063 patients (54% female, 87% white, mean age = 33.6 years) receiving treatment at a PHP completed self-report questionnaires and the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale as part of routine clinical monitoring upon admission to the program. We examined demographic and clinical cross-sectional correlates of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) using descriptive statistics, ordinal regression, and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS In the past month, 44.6% of patients reported active suicidal thoughts, 5.6% reported a suicide attempt, 1.8% reported an interrupted attempt, 5.5% reported an aborted attempt, and 16.6% reported NSSI. Inpatient referral source (ORs = 2.45-5.28), minority sexual orientation (ORs = 1.43-6.94), and more Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) symptoms (ORs = 1.09-1.23) were each associated with at least three of the five SITBs examined. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights elevated rates of suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts, and NSSI in a partial hospital sample. Given that past attempts predict future attempts and death by suicide, support during the transition from inpatient to outpatient care via programs such as PHPs is needed. Patients referred from inpatient treatment, who identity as a sexual minority, and with more BPD symptoms may require additional support and safety monitoring. Further work is indicated to better understand how PHP patients' SITBs change during and after partial hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carol Chu
- McLean Hospital, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | | | - Andrew D Peckham
- McLean Hospital, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Thröstur Björgvinsson
- McLean Hospital, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Courtney Beard
- McLean Hospital, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, United States
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24
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Ganson KT, Nagata JM. Associations between vaping and eating disorder diagnosis and risk among college students. Eat Behav 2021; 43:101566. [PMID: 34534874 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vaping is common among college-age young adults. Preliminary research has shown associations between vaping and eating disorder symptoms, however, there remain gaps in this knowledge among college students. The aim of this study was to determine the associations between vaping and a self-reported lifetime eating disorder diagnosis and eating disorder risk among a large sample of college students. Cross-sectional data from the 2018-2019 national (U.S.) Healthy Minds Study (n = 51,231) were analyzed. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the unadjusted and adjusted associations between vaping or e-cigarette use in the past 30 days and a self-reported lifetime eating disorder diagnosis (any diagnosis, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder) and eating disorder risk (SCOFF). Among the sample, 19.0% of participants reported vaping or e-cigarette use in the past 30 days, 3.7% self-reported any lifetime eating disorder diagnosis, and 25.0% were at elevated risk for an eating disorder. Vaping or e-cigarette use was associated with higher odds of all eating disorder measures, including the self-reported lifetime eating disorder diagnosis items (any diagnosis, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder) and elevated eating disorder risk, while adjusting for demographic and confounding variables. Among a large sample of college students, vaping or e-cigarette use was associated with a self-reported lifetime eating disorder diagnosis and elevated eating disorder risk, which may exacerbate the many medical complications associated with eating disorder behaviors. Clinical professionals should screen for eating disorder behaviors among college students who report vaping or e-cigarette use to monitor symptoms and medical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Jason M Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
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Bakken NW, Kruse LM. An Examination of Sexual Victimization, Self-Injurious Behaviors, and Suicidality Among Female College Students. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP11006-NP11025. [PMID: 31587611 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519880163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have established a relationship between suicidal ideation and sexual victimization, particularly among women; yet, few have looked specifically at samples of college students or at the potentially mediating effects that several risk factors and coping mechanisms related to sexual victimization may have on suicidality. The current study sought to examine the relationship between reported sexual victimization and suicidality, and more specifically the mediating role that depression and nonsuicidal self-injury had on this relationship. Data were collected from a random sample of 732 female college students attending a Midwestern public university. Path analysis results indicate that while sexual victimization did not have a direct effect on suicidality, it did have an observable and significant mediating indirect effect on suicidality. The current study informs both our theoretical understanding of how victimization affects college women's lives and our capacity to develop and implement effective prevention and intervention programs for college students.
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Pak KN, Nelson J, Adams LM, Fischer S. Mixture Modeling of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury and Binge Eating: Behaviors and Motives. Behav Ther 2021; 52:1265-1276. [PMID: 34452678 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and binge eating frequently co-occur. These behaviors are often used to alleviate distress. Previous studies examining this co-occurrence have used a variable-centered approach. The current study used a person-centered approach (mixture modeling) to examine how individuals cluster in groups based on their past-month NSSI, past-month objective and subjective binge episodes (OBEs and SBEs, respectively), and endorsement of coping motives for NSSI and eating in two large samples of emerging adults. Validators included self-report measures of emotion regulation, impulsivity, and negative affect. In Study 1, additional validators included lifetime history of mental health treatment and suicide attempts. In Study 2, additional validators included child abuse history. In both Study 1 and Study 2, a three-class solution provided the most interpretable fit with classes characterized as (a) low psychopathology; (b) the presence of OBEs and NSSI, and endorsement of NSSI coping motives; and (c) the presence of SBEs and NSSI, and endorsement of high levels of NSSI coping motives. In both studies, eating motives were equivalent in Classes 2 and 3, but NSSI motives were most strongly endorsed by Class 3. In Study 1, Class 2 endorsed higher rates of lifetime suicide attempts than Class 3. In Study 2, both Class 2 and Class 3 endorsed higher rates of child abuse than Class 1, although they did not differ from each other. The class structure and validator analysis were consistent across samples and measures. Results suggest that binge eating and NSSI tend to cluster together in otherwise healthy emerging adults.
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Linden B. Cross-Canada Release of the Post-Secondary Student Stressors Index (PSSI): Protocol for a Cross-sectional, Repeated Measures Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e27713. [PMID: 34463632 PMCID: PMC8441613 DOI: 10.2196/27713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of mental health–related problems, including stress, psychological distress, and symptoms of mental illnesses, continues to increase among Canadian postsecondary student populations. Excessive stress in this population has been linked to a number of negative academic and health outcomes. Despite attempts to improve mental health at postsecondary institutions, a persistent gap exists in the evaluation of the specific sources of stress for students within the postsecondary setting. Objective The purpose of this paper is to report the study protocol for a cross-Canada, multisite launch of the Post-Secondary Student Stressors Index (PSSI), which will engage postsecondary institutions across the country as partners and facilitate improved measurement of the sources of student stress, in addition to contributing toward improved tailoring of upstream mental health services and support. Methods Created in collaboration with students, the PSSI is a validated 46-item tool assessing stressors across five domains: academics, learning environment, campus culture, interpersonal, and personal stressors. The tool is designed to be applicable to students at all years, levels, and areas of study. Data will be collected longitudinally at multiple time points over the course of each academic year. Results We recruited 15 postsecondary institutions across Canada for the first year, inviting students to participate in an online survey including questions concerning sociodemographic characteristics, stress, mental health, and resiliency. Analyses, including appropriate data visualization, will be conducted to determine the impact of specific stressors on mental health, linking responses over time to allow for the observation of changes in trends. Conclusions The PSSI is an intuitive and evidence-informed tool that can aid postsecondary institutions in evaluating the sources of student stress on their campuses. This multisite project will make a substantial contribution to the current literature regarding postsecondary student stress and allow institutions across the country to improve the tailoring of upstream mental health services in order to directly support the unique needs of their student body. Opportunities for knowledge translation and exchange are discussed. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/27713
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Linden
- Health Services and Policy Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Ganson KT, Rodgers RF, Murray SB, Nagata JM. Prevalence and demographic, substance use, and mental health correlates of fasting among U.S. college students. J Eat Disord 2021; 9:88. [PMID: 34289904 PMCID: PMC8293526 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-021-00443-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fasting is an unhealthy behavior that has been frequently used as part of weight loss attempts. To date, little research has been conducted to determine the prevalence and substance use and mental health correlates of fasting among college students. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and associations between any (≥ 1 time) and regular (≥ 13 times) occurrences of fasting in the past 4 weeks and substance use and mental health correlates among a large sample of college students from 2016 to 2020. METHODS Data from four academic survey years (2016-2020; N = 8255) of the national (USA) Healthy Minds Study were analyzed. Unadjusted prevalence of any and regular fasting by survey year and gender was estimated. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the associations between any and regular fasting and the demographic (age, body mass index, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, highest parental education), substance use (cigarette use, marijuana use, other illicit drug use, alcohol use), and mental health (depression, anxiety, eating disorder symptoms, suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-injury) correlates. RESULTS Any fasting in the past 4 weeks was common among both men (14.77%) and women (18.12%) and significantly increased from 2016 (10.30%) to 2020 (19.81%) only among men. Regular fasting significantly increased among both men and women from 2016 (men: 1.46%; women: 1.79%) to 2020 (men: 3.53%; women: 6.19%). Among men and women, both any and regular fasting in the past 4 weeks were associated with higher odds of all mental health symptoms, including a positive depression, anxiety, and eating disorder screen, suicidal ideation, and non-suicidal self-injury. Among women, but not men, any and regular fasting in the past 4 weeks were associated with higher odds of marijuana use and other illicit drug use (e.g., cocaine, ecstasy). CONCLUSIONS The results from this study underscore both the high and increasing prevalence of fasting among a national sample of college students, as well as the substance use and mental health symptoms associated with this behavior. Healthcare professionals both on and off campus should consider screening for fasting behaviors among college students and provide appropriate intervention when needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel F Rodgers
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Stuart B Murray
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason M Nagata
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 550 16th Street, Box 0110, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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Sorgi KM, Ammerman BA, Cheung JC, Fahlgren MK, Puhalla AA, McCloskey MS. Relationships between Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Other Maladaptive Behaviors: Beyond Difficulties in Emotion Regulation. Arch Suicide Res 2021; 25:530-551. [PMID: 31994980 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2020.1715906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) co-occurs with both other maladaptive behaviors (e.g., aggression) and emotion dysregulation. However, the extent to which these maladaptive behaviors are linked to NSSI independent of emotion dysregulation is unclear. The present study examined relationships between NSSI and six other maladaptive behaviors among university undergraduates. When controlling for demographic variables, emotion dysregulation, and other maladaptive behaviors, binge eating, purging, illicit drug use, and physical aggression were each related to lifetime NSSI history and/or severity. No maladaptive behaviors were significantly related to the presence of current diagnostic-level NSSI in these multivariate analyses. Results suggest that some maladaptive behaviors may relate uniquely to NSSI risk independent of emotion dysregulation, highlighting the importance of considering such behaviors in self-injury assessment and treatment.
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Backhaus I, D'Egidio V, Saulle R, Masala D, Firenze A, De Vito E, Mannocci A, La Torre G. Health-related quality of life and its associated factors: results of a multi-center cross-sectional study among university students. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021; 42:285-293. [PMID: 30806652 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdz011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The decline of health among university students represents an important and growing public health concern. Health problems and unhealthy lifestyle habits are common among many students, but factors influencing students' health are not fully understood. METHODS Italian university students from different study programs and curriculum years were asked to fill out a self-administered questionnaire, collecting data about age, gender, curriculum year, study program and health-related quality of life (QOL). Two latent factors were extracted: physical component summary score and mental component summary score. T-test, one-way ANOVA, multivariate and age and sex-stratified analyses were performed. RESULTS Students scored relatively poor on health-related QOL, with an overall mental component summary score of 41,3% (± 10,0) and physical component summary score of 52,9% (±6,0), with significantly higher mental component summary score for male students (P = < 0,005). Studying economics, law (b = -2,513, P = 0,007) or engineering (b = -2,762; P = 0,001) was associated to negatively influence students' health. CONCLUSIONS Factors such as study program are associated with health-related QOL. Further longitudinal studies assessing additional socio-demographic factors are needed to fully assess what influences students' health. Students' health should be at the top of the agenda of public health researchers, academic supervisors and policy-makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insa Backhaus
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria D'Egidio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosella Saulle
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Masala
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Viale dell'Università, Cassino, Italy
| | - Alberto Firenze
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care 'G. D'Alessandro', University of Palermo, Piazza Marina, 61, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta De Vito
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Viale dell'Università, Cassino, Italy
| | - Alice Mannocci
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Torre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
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Davis KC, Anderson JL. Psychological pain: A moderating factor between personality psychopathology and self-harm. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2021:1-9. [PMID: 34133265 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1928677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Self-harm and personality psychopathology have been linked, with the most robust correlations existing between negative affectivity and self-harm. Psychological pain, an emotionally-based aversive feeling, has been linked to self-harm. Considering the connection between personality psychopathology and self-harm, psychological pain may enhance self-harm risk. Participants: Analyses were conducted on 525 undergraduate students in the Spring and Fall semesters of 2019. Methods/Results: Correlation analyses indicated that self-harm was moderately correlated with Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Antagonism, Disinhibition, and Psychoticism. Additionally, self-harm was correlated with psychological pain. When examining if psychological pain moderates the relation between personality psychopathology and self-harm, results were mixed. In the cases of Disinhibition and Psychoticism, psychological pain enhanced self-harm. There was no moderating effect on the relations with Negative Affectivity, Detachment, or Antagonism. Conclusions: These findings support the role of psychological pain in self-harm outcomes for those experiencing personality psychopathology; however, this varies depending on the maladaptive traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelci C Davis
- Department of Psychology and Philosophy, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - Jaime L Anderson
- Department of Psychology and Philosophy, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
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Linden B, Boyes R, Stuart H. Cross-sectional trend analysis of the NCHA II survey data on Canadian post-secondary student mental health and wellbeing from 2013 to 2019. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:590. [PMID: 33765965 PMCID: PMC7992810 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10622-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canadian post-secondary students are considered to be at risk for chronic stress and languishing mental health, but there has been no longitudinal analysis of the available population-level data. The purpose of this study was to examine trends in the overall and sex-specific prevalence of self-reported stress, distress, mental illness, and help seeking behaviours among Canadian post-secondary students over the past several years. Methods Using the 2013, 2016, and 2019 iterations of the National College Health Assessment II Canadian Reference data, we conducted a trend analysis for each variable of interest, stratified by sex. The significance and magnitude of the changes were modelled using cumulative linked ordinal regression models and log binomial regression models. Results With few exceptions, we observed significant increases over time in the proportion of students reporting symptoms of psychological distress, mental illness diagnoses, and help seeking for mental health related challenges. Female students reported a higher level of stress than male students, with a statistically significant increase in the stress level reported by female students observed over time. In all cases, larger proportions of female students were observed compared to male students, with the proportion of female students who self-reported mental illness diagnoses nearly doubling that of males. Conclusions Our analysis indicated that the proportion of students self-reporting mental health related challenges, including stress, psychological distress, and diagnosed mental illnesses increased between the 2013, 2016 and 2019 iterations of the NCHA II conducted among Canadian post-secondary students. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10622-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Linden
- Health Services and Policy Research Institute, Queen's University, Abramsky Hall, 21 Arch Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Randall Boyes
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Abramsky Hall, 21 Arch Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Heather Stuart
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Abramsky Hall, 21 Arch Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
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Holland M, Hawks J, Morelli LC, Khan Z. Risk Assessment and Crisis Intervention for Youth in a Time of Telehealth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 25:12-26. [PMID: 33425481 PMCID: PMC7786878 DOI: 10.1007/s40688-020-00341-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
For the last decade, there has been growing concern regarding the rising rates of youth engagement in self-injury and suicide. The worldwide outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has elevated these concerns due to increased risk factors pertaining to social, family, economic, and health stressors, in addition to changes to typical routines and support systems. Unfortunately, there are many barriers to at-risk youth being able to access evidence-based mental health services including cost, lack of trained providers, transportation issues, and physical distancing due to the pandemic. Providing school-based prevention and intervention programs that promote social, emotional, and behavioral well-being helps to address many of these barriers. This article highlights important considerations to providing these services in a school-based telehealth modality. Symptom clusters that put youth at risk of harm to self are described. Best practice therapeutic modalities that can be disseminated in a school-based telehealth modality, such as cognitive behavior therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, and mindfulness-based approaches, are reviewed. Although there is growing empirical literature for these school-based prevention and intervention approaches, additional research is needed to determine how to best support at-risk youth remotely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Holland
- California State University, Sacramento, Sacramento, CA USA
- Sacramento, USA
| | - Jessica Hawks
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | | | - Zainab Khan
- California State University, Sacramento, Sacramento, CA USA
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Zsila Á, Orosz G, McCutcheon LE, Demetrovics Z. A lethal imitation game? Exploring links among psychoactive substance use, self-harming behaviors and celebrity worship. Addict Behav Rep 2020; 12:100319. [PMID: 33364327 PMCID: PMC7752730 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher celebrity worship predict self-injury and suicide attempts. Higher celebrity worship predict drunkenness and illicit substance use among males. The contribution of celebrity worship to psychoactive substance use is limited. Celebrity worshipers are more likely to encounter severe excesses.
Recently, psychoactive substance use and suicidal behaviors have become general themes in popular culture, raising concerns that celebrity admirers may have become more affected in such health-risk behaviors. This study aimed to provide a more nuanced understanding of the role of celebrity worship in psychoactive substance use and self-harming behaviors. An online questionnaire was used recruiting 1,763 Hungarian adult participants (66.42% male, Mage = 37.2 years, SD = 11.4). Linear and binary logistic regressions were performed to investigate the contribution of celebrity worship to psychoactive substance use and self-harming behaviors for males and females. It was found that higher celebrity worship levels consistently predicted intentional self-injury and suicide attempts for both genders. Generally high levels of celebrity worship also predicted drunkenness and the use of illicit drugs and sedatives or tranquilizers for nonmedical purpose among males, while these behaviors were predicted only by excessive levels of celebrity worship among females. However, the explanatory power of celebrity worship for psychoactive substance use and self-harming behaviors was small for both genders (below 5%), indicating that these health-risk behaviors are largely independent of celebrity admiration. The present findings also suggest that individuals with excessive celebrity worship are more likely to encounter severe, potentially life-threatening excesses than more benign forms of maladaptive behaviors relating to substance use.
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Corcoran VP, Andover MS. Online disinhibition and internet communication of non-suicidal self-injury. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2020; 50:1091-1096. [PMID: 32706441 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is of concern given the increased risk for suicide attempt. Prevalence rates of NSSI are highest among adolescents and young adults. These groups also exhibit the highest rates of Internet use. Previous research suggests that online communication of NSSI can serve as both a risk and protective factor related to NSSI engagement. This study explored online disinhibition in the context of NSSI e-communities as a potential factor that could contribute to opposing NSSI outcomes. METHOD The study sample consisted of 200 individuals 18 years or older (M = 21.76, SD = 5.24) recruited from social networking sites (i.e., Reddit, LiveJournal). These participants provided self-report of their NSSI histories and degree of online disinhibition. RESULTS Those who engaged in Internet communication of NSSI at the highest level endorsed more online disinhibition than those less involved with NSSI content. Furthermore, within this group of high communicators, increased toxic disinhibition predicted lower lifetime frequency of NSSI. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that online behavior, including toxic disinhibition, may contribute to NSSI outcomes. Online disinhibition and its relationship to NSSI should be an area of continued research. Cyberbullying may be an additional construct of interest in future studies of NSSI e-communication.
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Black EB, Mildred H. Characteristics of non‐suicidal self‐injury in women accessing internet help sites. CLIN PSYCHOL-UK 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/cp.12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma B. Black
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia,
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Rural Clinical School, Darling Heights, Queensland, Australia,
| | - Helen Mildred
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia,
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Dunlop BJ, Hartley S, Oladokun O, Taylor PJ. Bisexuality and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI): A narrative synthesis of associated variables and a meta-analysis of risk. J Affect Disord 2020; 276:1159-1172. [PMID: 32823255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisexual people have been found to be at increased risk of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) when compared to heterosexual and gay or lesbian people. The purpose of this review was to update the estimated risk of NSSI for bisexual people and to examine variables that have been associated with NSSI in this population. METHODS The protocol for this paper was pre-registered (CRD42019145299). An electronic search of PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, PubMed, Ovid Online and Web of Science was undertaken from earliest available date to October 2019. Twenty-four eligible papers were identified. Meta-analyses, including moderator analysis, were conducted to ascertain NSSI risk and a narrative synthesis was undertaken of predictors and correlates. All studies were assessed for risk of bias. RESULTS Bisexual people had up to six times the odds of engaging in NSSI compared to other sexualities. Mental health variables of anxiety and depression symptoms were found to be most commonly associated with NSSI for this population. The majority of studies had moderate risk of bias. This review demonstrates that bisexual people have an elevated risk of engaging in NSSI. Increased incidence of anxiety and depression and exposure to negative life events may explain this increased risk. LIMITATIONS Studies were found to be consistently cross-sectional in design and limited to western cultures. A limitation of this review was that only English language papers were included. CONCLUSIONS Results are clinically relevant as they suggest early identification and prevention of NSSI can be achieved. Future research should examine bisexual people independently of others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan J Dunlop
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Zochonis Building, Brunswick Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
| | - Samantha Hartley
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Zochonis Building, Brunswick Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Olayinka Oladokun
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Zochonis Building, Brunswick Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Taylor
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Zochonis Building, Brunswick Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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Muller DL, Buser TJ, Farag MS, Buser JK. Experiences of Unintentionally Severe Harm During Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury Among College Students. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE COUNSELING 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jocc.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniella L. Muller
- Department of Graduate Education, Leadership, and Counseling Rider University
| | - Trevor J. Buser
- Graduate School of Counseling and Psychology Naropa University
| | - Mena S. Farag
- Department of Graduate Education, Leadership, and Counseling Rider University
| | - Juleen K. Buser
- Department of Graduate Education, Leadership, and Counseling Rider University
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McCarthy K. Resident assistant secondary trauma and burnout associated with student nonsuicidal self-injury. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2020; 68:673-677. [PMID: 30908135 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1590374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To determine whether or not encountering students struggling with nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) put resident assistants (RAs) at greater risk of burnout or secondary traumatic stress. Participants: One hundred and fifty-five RAs at three Midwest public university campuses between March and April 2016. Methods: RAs participated in an anonymous online survey that collected demographics, information on RAs' experiences and thoughts related to their work, RAs' exposure to NSSI struggle of a resident, and measurements of compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress. Results: RAs who encountered resident NSSI demonstrated significantly higher levels of burnout and secondary traumatic stress than RAs who did not encounter resident NSSI. Conclusion: College students struggle with NSSI can significantly affect the people around them. Residence life administration and college counseling centers should provide training, support, and supervision to RAs in a way that addresses and reduces the RAs' potential distress.
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O’Connell Kent JA, Jackson A, Robinson M, Rashleigh C, Timulak L. Emotion‐focused therapy for symptoms of generalised anxiety in a student population: An exploratory study. COUNSELLING & PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/capr.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among African American and Hispanic Adolescents and Young Adults: a Systematic Review. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2020; 22:367-377. [PMID: 32671672 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-020-01147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
While African American and Hispanic adolescents and young adults living in the USA are exposed to myriad stressors that may increase their risk for mental health difficulties, few studies have examined nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) among these youth. The purpose of this systematic review was to critically examine and synthesize current literature on NSSI among these understudied youth. Using multiple search terms related to NSSI, race/ethnicity, and developmental stage, electronic literature searches of PubMed, PsychINFO, and Google Scholar databases retrieved 3036 relevant articles published in the English language between 2000 and 2018; manual reference checks yielded an additional 17 articles. Ultimately, a total of 52 full-text studies were assessed for eligibility, and 15 articles were included in the present review. Although the majority of studies reported higher prevalence of NSSI among non-Hispanic White youth, evidence suggests that African American males are also at high risk of engaging in self-harm. Emotional dysregulation emerged as a common risk factor, while social support and feelings of connection were protective for some African American and Hispanic youth. Although racism and discrimination were not linked to NSSI in the reviewed studies, this remains an important area of future research for prevention and intervention efforts.
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Ross SJ, Owens K, Roberts A, Jennings E, Mylrea M. Mindfulness Training: Success in Reducing First Year Health Professional Students’ Study and Exam Related Stress. HEALTH PROFESSIONS EDUCATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hpe.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Linden B, Stuart H. Post-Secondary Stress and Mental Well-Being: A Scoping Review of the Academic Literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.7870/cjcmh-2020-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Post-secondary students have been identified as an at-risk population for chronic stress and poor mental health. We conducted a scoping review of the academic literature surrounding student stress and mental well-being as the first phase of research in the development of Canada’s National Standard for the Psychological Health and Safety of Post-Secondary Students. Major thematic findings included student stress, resilience through effective coping and help-seeking, and programs or strategies to improve campus mental health. Recommendations include a call for increased mental health promotion and mental illness prevention activities that are sensitive to diverse cultures, ethnicities, religions, and sexualities.
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Sarno I, Madeddu F, Gratz K. Self-injury, psychiatric symptoms, and defense mechanisms: Findings in an Italian nonclinical sample. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 25:136-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIntroductionThis study provides data on the rates, characteristics, and correlates of self-injury (SI) in an Italian nonclinical sample, a population previously unexamined within the SI literature. This study examined the associations between SI and defense mechanisms, as well as the differences between self-injurers (episodic and recurrent) and non self-injurers with regard to the severity and variety of their psychiatric symptoms and psychological distress.Materials and methodsFive hundred and seventy-eight university students (82.5% female; mean age = 22.3; S.D. = 3.4) were administered a battery of self-report questionnaires, including the “Deliberate Self Harm Inventory” for SI, the Response Evaluation Measure-71 for defense mechanisms, and the “Symptom Checklist-90-Revised” for psychological distress and psychiatric symptoms.ResultsOne hundred and nineteen participants (20.6%) reported having engaged in SI at least once during their lifetime. Individuals with recurrent SI (SI ≥ 5) reported significantly higher levels of all psychiatric symptoms and many maladaptive defense mechanisms than individuals without SI. Results also provided evidence for differences between individuals with recurrent and episodic SI.ConclusionResults suggest that recurrent self-injurers are distinguished from both episodic self-injurers and non self-injurers by their greater use of maladaptive defense mechanisms, rather than their lesser use of adaptive defenses. Further, results suggest that recurrent self-injurers differ from episodic self-injurers not in terms of the severity of their psychiatric symptoms, but the variety and number of these symptoms.
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Rodav O, Levy S, Hamdan S. Clinical characteristics and functions of non-suicide self-injury in youth. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 29:503-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPurposeLittle is known about the clinical characteristics and motivations for engaging in non-suicide self-injury (NSSI) behaviors in adolescence. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence, characteristics and functions of NSSI among adolescents in community settings, and to explore risk factors related to this behavior.Subjects and methodsTwo hundred and seventy-five adolescents aged 12 to 17 were recruited randomly from different High Schools in Israel. They completed self-report questionnaires assessing NSSI (Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory), depression (Children's Depression Inventory – CDI) and impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale – BIS-II).ResultsIn the past year, 20.7% of the participants reported engaging NSSI at least once. Among them, 42.1% declared they are still engaging in NSSI at the present. Motives for NSSI were internal emotion regulation reasons, external emotion regulation reasons for social influences. In addition, the NSSI group reported significantly higher levels of depressive, impulsivity and suicidal ideations. Depressive symptoms were found as significant predictors of NSSI in the future.Discussion and conclusionsHigh rates of NSSI among community adolescents were found. Depression, impulsivity and suicidal ideation were found significantly related to NSSI. Mental health professionals in schools and in primary care should routinely assess NSSI among adolescents.
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Bae Y, Seong Y, Kim SH, Kim S. Clinical Characteristics of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Suicide Attempts among Psychiatric Patients in Korea: A Retrospective Chart Review. Psychiatry Investig 2020; 17:320-330. [PMID: 32213802 PMCID: PMC7176559 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2019.0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Limited data exist on non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide attempts among psychiatric patients in Korea. In this study, we investigated the clinical characteristics of patients who engaged in NSSI and/or suicide attempts. METHODS We performed a retrospective medical chart review of patients with NSSI and/or suicide attempts at the psychiatric department of a university medical center in Seoul between 2017 and 2019. According to their history, patients were allocated to one of three groups: NSSI only, suicide attempts only and NSSI and suicide attempts group. Groups were compared based on sociodemographic characteristics and psychological assessments. RESULTS Overall, 80 patients with NSSI and/or suicide attempts were evaluated. Patients with NSSI and suicide attempts were more likely to be female than the other two groups. Patients with NSSI and suicide attempts were more likely to suffer from Cluster B personality disorder than the other groups. And patients with NSSI and suicide attempts scored significantly higher on novelty-seeking in TCI and RC8, RC9 in MMPI-2. CONCLUSION Patients with NSSI and/or suicide attempts were more likely to be female, younger, and showed higher levels of psychological disturbances. These findings highlight the importance of early detection and intervention for patients with NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubeen Bae
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoanna Seong
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hyeon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ross SJ, Owens K, Roberts A, Jennings E, Mylrea M. WITHDRAWN: Mindfulness Training: Success in reducing first year health professional students' study and exam related stress. HEALTH PROFESSIONS EDUCATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hpe.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Raffagnato A, Angelico C, Valentini P, Miscioscia M, Gatta M. Using the Body When There Are No Words for Feelings: Alexithymia and Somatization in Self-Harming Adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:262. [PMID: 32322222 PMCID: PMC7158949 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present case-control study aimed to investigate the relationship between alexithymia and somatic complaints in the psychopathological setting of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). A clinical sample of 134 adolescents (115 females; 85.5%) from 12 to 18 years old engaging in NSSI was compared with a control group of 243 high-school students (157 females; 64.6%) from 13 to 18 years old. Data were collected using two questionnaires: The Youth Self-Report 11-18 and the 20 Toronto Alexithymia Scale. In both cases and controls, the presence of somatization and alexithymia was associated with more severe psychopathological problems. Analyses were conducted to explore the association between somatic disorders and alexithymia. In the clinical group, somatic complaints were reported by 95.9% of alexithymic individuals, whereas only 44.3% of alexithymic adolescents reported somatic complaints. A one-way relationship emerged between somatization and alexithymia: while alexithymia would seem to be a factor associated with self-injury, somatic disorders were strongly associated with alexithymia, but not necessarily with self-injury. Among the self-harming adolescents, those with both alexithymia and somatization had a more severe psychopathological picture than the individuals with alexithymia but no somatization. This would suggest that, in the setting of NSSI, greater difficulty with identifying feelings is associated with somatization, and alexithymia would be an attribute common to self-harming behavior and somatization, both of which are characterized by the body being used to express psychological and emotional problems. Future research could further investigate alexithymia in self-harming individuals, in relation to any presence or absence of somatic disorders, with longitudinal assessments on any differences in their manifestation of self-injury and its psychopathological correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Raffagnato
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Caterina Angelico
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Perla Valentini
- Department of Communication Sciences, Humanistic and International Studies: History, Culture, Languages, Literature, Arts, Media, University of Urbino 'Carlo Bo', Urbino, Italy
| | - Marina Miscioscia
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy.,Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Michela Gatta
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
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Kiekens G, Hasking P, Nock MK, Boyes M, Kirtley O, Bruffaerts R, Myin-Germeys I, Claes L. Fluctuations in Affective States and Self-Efficacy to Resist Non-Suicidal Self-Injury as Real-Time Predictors of Non-Suicidal Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:214. [PMID: 32265760 PMCID: PMC7099647 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although research over the past decade has resulted in significantly increased knowledge about distal risk factors for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), little is known about short-term (proximal) factors that predict NSSI thoughts and behaviors. Drawing on contemporaneous theories of NSSI, as well as the concept of ideation-to-action, the present study clarifies (a) real-time factors that predict NSSI thoughts and (b) the extent to which theoretically important momentary factors (i.e., negative affect, positive affect, and self-efficacy to resist NSSI) predict NSSI behavior in daily life, beyond NSSI thoughts. METHODS Using experience sampling methodology, intensive longitudinal data was obtained from 30 young adults with frequent NSSI episodes in the last year. Participants completed assessments up to eight times per day for 12 consecutive days (signal-contingent sampling). This resulted in the collection of 2,222 assessments (median compliance = 79.2%) during which 591 NSSI thoughts and 270 NSSI behaviors were recorded. Using the dynamic structural equation modeling framework, multilevel vector autoregressive models were constructed. RESULTS Within the same assessment, negative affect was positively associated with NSSI thoughts, whereas positive affect and self-efficacy to resist NSSI were each negatively associated with NSSI thoughts. Across assessments, higher-than-usual negative affect and self-efficacy to resist NSSI were predictive of short-term change in NSSI thoughts. While fluctuations in both negative affect and positive affect prospectively predicted NSSI behavior, these factors became non-significant in models that controlled for the predictive effect of NSSI thoughts. In contrast, self-efficacy to resist NSSI incrementally predicted a lower probability of engaging in NSSI, above and beyond NSSI thoughts. DISCUSSION This study provides preliminary evidence that affective fluctuations may uniquely predict NSSI thoughts but not NSSI behaviors, and point to the role of personal belief in the ability to resist NSSI in preventing NSSI behavior. These findings illustrate the need to differentiate between the development of NSSI thoughts and the progression from NSSI thoughts to behavior, as these are likely distinct processes, with different predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Kiekens
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Neurosciences, Center for Public Health Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Matthew K Nock
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Mark Boyes
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Olivia Kirtley
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ronny Bruffaerts
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Public Health Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium.,Institute for Social Research, Population Studies Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurence Claes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Kiekens G, Hasking P, Claes L, Boyes M, Mortier P, Auerbach R, Cuijpers P, Demyttenaere K, Green J, Kessler R, Myin-Germeys I, Nock M, Bruffaerts R. Predicting the incidence of non-suicidal self-injury in college students. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 59:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackground:Despite increased awareness that non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) poses a significant public health concern on college campuses worldwide, few studies have prospectively investigated the incidence of NSSI in college and considered targeting college entrants at high risk for onset of NSSI.Methods:Using data from the Leuven College Surveys (n = 4,565; 56.8%female, Mage = 18.3, SD = 1.1), students provided data on NSSI, sociodemographics, traumatic experiences, stressful events, perceived social support, and mental disorders. A total of 2,163 baseline responders provided data at a two-year annual follow-up assessment (63.2% conditional response rate).Results:One-year incidence of first onset NSSI was 10.3% in year 1 and 6.0% in year 2, with a total of 8.6% reporting sporadic NSSI (1–4 times per year) and 7.0% reporting repetitive NSSI (≥ 5 times per year) during the first two years of college. Many hypothesized proximal and distal risk factors were associated with the subsequent onset of NSSI (ORs = 1.5–18.2). Dating violence prior to age 17 and severe role impairment in daily life were the strongest predictors. Multivariate prediction suggests that an intervention focused on the 10% at highest risk would reach 23.9% of students who report sporadic, and 36.1% of students who report repetitive NSSI during college (cross-validated AUCs =.70–.75).Discussion:The college period carries high risk for the onset of NSSI. Individualized web-based screening may be a promising approach for detecting young adults at high risk for self-injury and offering timely intervention.
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