1
|
Carbajal-de-la-Fuente AL, Piccinali RV, Porcasi X, Marti GA, de Arias AR, Abrahan L, Suárez FC, Lobbia P, Medina G, Provecho Y, Cortez MR, Soria N, Gonçalves TC, Nattero J. Variety is the spice: The role of morphological variation of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) at a macro-scale. Acta Trop 2024; 256:107239. [PMID: 38735448 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas, 1909). One of the primary vectors of T. cruzi in South America is Triatoma infestans (Klug, 1834). This triatomine species is distributed across a huge latitudinal gradient, inhabiting domiciliary , peridomiciliary , and wild environments. Its wide geographic distribution provides an excellent opportunity to study the relationships between environmental gradients and intraspecific morphological variation. In this study, we investigated variations in wing size and shape in T. infestans across six ecoregions. We aimed to address the following questions: How do wing size and shape vary on a regional scale, does morphological variation follow specific patterns along an environmental or latitudinal gradient, and what environmental factors might contribute to wing variation? Geometric morphometric methods were applied to the wings of 162 females belonging to 21 T. infestans populations, 13 from Argentina (n = 105), 5 from Bolivia (n = 42), and 3 from Paraguay (n = 15). A comparison of wing centroid size across the 21 populations showed significant differences. Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) revealed significant differences in wing shape between the populations from Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay, although there was a considerable overlap, especially among the Argentinian populations. Well-structured populations were observed for the Bolivian and Paraguayan groups. Two analyses were performed to assess the association between wing size and shape, geographic and climatic variables: multiple linear regression analysis (MRA) for size and Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression for shape. The MRA showed a significant general model fit. Six temperature-related variables, one precipitation-related variable, and the latitude showed significant associations with wing size. The PLS analysis revealed a significant correlation between wing shape with latitude, longitude, temperature-related, and rainfall-related variables. Wing size and shape in T. infestans populations varied across geographic distribution. Our findings demonstrate that geographic and climatic variables significantly influence T. infestans wing morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura Carbajal-de-la-Fuente
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-epidemias (CENDIE/ ANLIS-Malbrán). Av. Paseo Colón 568, CP 1063, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, CP 1425, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Romina V Piccinali
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, DEGE (FCEN, UBA), IEGEBA (UBA/CONICET), Intendente Güiraldes 2160 - Ciudad Universitaria - Pabellón 2, CP 1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ximena Porcasi
- Instituto Gulich (CONAE UNC), Ruta C45 Km 8, CP 5187, Falda del Cañete, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gerardo Aníbal Marti
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE) CCT-La Plata CONICET-UNLP-asociado a CIC, Blvd. 120 y 60 CP 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antonieta Rojas de Arias
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Manduvirá 635 entre 15 de agosto y Oleary, CP 1255, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Luciana Abrahan
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR), UNLAR, SEGEMAR, UNCa, CONICET, Entre Ríos y Mendoza s/n, Anillaco, CP 5301, La Rioja, Provincia de La Rioja, Argentina
| | - Florencia Cano Suárez
- Programa Provincial Control de Vectores, Ministerio de Salud Pública San Juan. Santa Fe 977 (este) predio Hospital Dr Guillermo Rawson, CP 5400, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Patricia Lobbia
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, CP 1425, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Unidad Operativa de Vectores y Ambiente (UNOVE), Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-epidemias (CENDIE / ANLIS-Malbrán), Pabellón Rawson s/n. Hospital Colonia, CP 2423, Santa María de Punilla, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Medina
- Dirección de Control Integral de Vectores y Zoonosis. Laboratorio Entomológico y Parasitológico. Ministerio de Salud de Catamarca, Chacabuco 169, CP 4700, San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Yael Provecho
- Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Dirección de Control de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores. Av. 9 de Julio 1925, CP 1073, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirko Rojas Cortez
- Fundación Salud Naturaleza Integral (SANIT), Pasaje Fidelia de Sanchez 433, CP 00591, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Nicolás Soria
- División Manejo Integrado de Vectores, Departamento de Zoonosis, Dirección de Jurisdicción de Epidemiología, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Santiago Cáceres 1885, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Teresa C Gonçalves
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/ Fundação Oswaldo Cruz). Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, CP 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Julieta Nattero
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, DEGE (FCEN, UBA), IEGEBA (UBA/CONICET), Intendente Güiraldes 2160 - Ciudad Universitaria - Pabellón 2, CP 1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mora P, Pita S, Montiel EE, Rico-Porras JM, Palomeque T, Panzera F, Lorite P. Making the Genome Huge: The Case of Triatoma delpontei, a Triatominae Species with More than 50% of Its Genome Full of Satellite DNA. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020371. [PMID: 36833298 PMCID: PMC9957312 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The genome of Triatoma delpontei Romaña & Abalos 1947 is the largest within Heteroptera, approximately two to three times greater than other evaluated Heteroptera genomes. Here, the repetitive fraction of the genome was determined and compared with its sister species Triatoma infestans Klug 1834, in order to shed light on the karyotypic and genomic evolution of these species. The T. delpontei repeatome analysis showed that the most abundant component in its genome is satellite DNA, which makes up more than half of the genome. The T. delpontei satellitome includes 160 satellite DNA families, most of them also present in T. infestans. In both species, only a few satellite DNA families are overrepresented on the genome. These families are the building blocks of the C-heterochromatic regions. Two of these satellite DNA families that form the heterochromatin are the same in both species. However, there are satellite DNA families highly amplified in the heterochromatin of one species that in the other species are in low abundance and located in the euchromatin. Therefore, the present results depicted the great impact of the satellite DNA sequences in the evolution of Triatominae genomes. Within this scenario, satellitome determination and analysis led to a hypothesis that explains how satDNA sequences have grown on T. delpontei to reach its huge genome size within true bugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Mora
- Department of Experimental Biology, Genetics Area, University of Jaén, Paraje las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Sebastián Pita
- Evolutionary Genetic Section, Faculty of Science, University of the Republic, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (P.L.)
| | - Eugenia E. Montiel
- Department of Experimental Biology, Genetics Area, University of Jaén, Paraje las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - José M. Rico-Porras
- Department of Experimental Biology, Genetics Area, University of Jaén, Paraje las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Teresa Palomeque
- Department of Experimental Biology, Genetics Area, University of Jaén, Paraje las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Francisco Panzera
- Evolutionary Genetic Section, Faculty of Science, University of the Republic, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Pedro Lorite
- Department of Experimental Biology, Genetics Area, University of Jaén, Paraje las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (P.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Montiel EE, Panzera F, Palomeque T, Lorite P, Pita S. Satellitome Analysis of Rhodnius prolixus, One of the Main Chagas Disease Vector Species. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6052. [PMID: 34205189 PMCID: PMC8199985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The triatomine Rhodnius prolixus is the main vector of Chagas disease in countries such as Colombia and Venezuela, and the first kissing bug whose genome has been sequenced and assembled. In the repetitive genome fraction (repeatome) of this species, the transposable elements represented 19% of R. prolixus genome, being mostly DNA transposon (Class II elements). However, scarce information has been published regarding another important repeated DNA fraction, the satellite DNA (satDNA), or satellitome. Here, we offer, for the first time, extended data about satellite DNA families in the R. prolixus genome using bioinformatics pipeline based on low-coverage sequencing data. The satellitome of R. prolixus represents 8% of the total genome and it is composed by 39 satDNA families, including four satDNA families that are shared with Triatoma infestans, as well as telomeric (TTAGG)n and (GATA)n repeats, also present in the T. infestans genome. Only three of them exceed 1% of the genome. Chromosomal hybridization with these satDNA probes showed dispersed signals over the euchromatin of all chromosomes, both in autosomes and sex chromosomes. Moreover, clustering analysis revealed that most abundant satDNA families configured several superclusters, indicating that R. prolixus satellitome is complex and that the four most abundant satDNA families are composed by different subfamilies. Additionally, transcription of satDNA families was analyzed in different tissues, showing that 33 out of 39 satDNA families are transcribed in four different patterns of expression across samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia E. Montiel
- Department of Experimental Biology, Genetics, University of Jaén. Paraje las Lagunillas sn., 23071 Jaén, Spain; (E.E.M.); (T.P.)
| | - Francisco Panzera
- Evolutionary Genetic Section, Faculty of Science, University of the Republic, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay;
| | - Teresa Palomeque
- Department of Experimental Biology, Genetics, University of Jaén. Paraje las Lagunillas sn., 23071 Jaén, Spain; (E.E.M.); (T.P.)
| | - Pedro Lorite
- Department of Experimental Biology, Genetics, University of Jaén. Paraje las Lagunillas sn., 23071 Jaén, Spain; (E.E.M.); (T.P.)
| | - Sebastián Pita
- Evolutionary Genetic Section, Faculty of Science, University of the Republic, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Peaceful revolution in genome size: polyploidy in the Nabidae (Heteroptera); autosomes and nuclear DNA content doubling. Zool J Linn Soc 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Genome size and the position of 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) were analysed in two Himacerus, eight Nabis and two Prostemma species from the family Nabidae using flow cytometry and fluorescence in situ hybrization techniques. The karyotypes of Nabis biformis and Nabis maoricus, each with 2n = 16 + XY, and Prostemma aeneicolle, with 2n = 26 + XY, were recorded for the first time. All the species displayed one or two 18S rDNA signals on the X chromosome and up to two signals on the Y chromosome. Several females exhibited two different types of X chromosome breakage, namely within or outside of the 18S rDNA region. Measurements of nuclear DNA content revealed significant differences between all three genera under study. Most notably, the nuclear DNA content of Himacerus species, with 2n = 32/36 + XY (2C = 9–10 pg), was double that of Nabis species, with 2n = 16 + XY (2C = 4–6 pg). Therefore, the previously rejected theory of an autosomal polyploidy event in the evolution of the genus Himacerus is strongly supported by the results of the present study and is now being resurrected.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ghersi BM, Peterson AC, Gibson NL, Dash A, Elmayan A, Schwartzenburg H, Tu W, Riegel C, Herrera C, Blum MJ. In the heart of the city: Trypanosoma cruzi infection prevalence in rodents across New Orleans. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:577. [PMID: 33189151 PMCID: PMC7666460 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trypanosoma cruzi - the causative agent of Chagas disease - is known to circulate in commensal pests, but its occurrence in urban environments is not well understood. We addressed this deficit by determining the distribution and prevalence of T. cruzi infection in urban populations of commensal and wild rodents across New Orleans (Louisiana, USA). We assessed whether T. cruzi prevalence varies according to host species identity and species co-occurrences, and whether T. cruzi prevalence varies across mosaics of abandonment that shape urban rodent demography and assemblage structure in the city. METHODS Leveraging city-wide population and assemblage surveys, we tested 1428 rodents comprising 5 species (cotton rats, house mice, Norway rats, rice rats and roof rats) captured at 98 trapping sites in 11 study areas across New Orleans including nine residential neighborhoods and a natural area in Orleans Parish and a neighborhood in St. Bernard Parish. We also assayed Norway rats at one site in Baton Rouge (Louisiana, USA). We used chi-square tests to determine whether infection prevalence differed among host species, among study areas, and among trapping sites according to the number of host species present. We used generalized linear mixed models to identify predictors of T. cruzi infection for all rodents and each host species, respectively. RESULTS We detected T. cruzi in all host species in all study areas in New Orleans, but not in Baton Rouge. Though overall infection prevalence was 11%, it varied by study area and trapping site. There was no difference in prevalence by species, but roof rats exhibited the broadest geographical distribution of infection across the city. Infected rodents were trapped in densely populated neighborhoods like the French Quarter. Infection prevalence seasonally varied with abandonment, increasing with greater abandonment during the summer and declining with greater abandonment during the winter. CONCLUSIONS Our findings illustrate that T. cruzi can be widespread in urban landscapes, suggesting that transmission and disease risk is greater than is currently recognized. Our findings also suggest that there is disproportionate risk of transmission in historically underserved communities, which could reinforce long-standing socioecological disparities in New Orleans and elsewhere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M. Ghersi
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
| | - Anna C. Peterson
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
| | - Nathaniel L. Gibson
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
| | - Asha Dash
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Ardem Elmayan
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Hannah Schwartzenburg
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Weihong Tu
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Claudia Riegel
- City of New Orleans Mosquito, Termite, Rodent Control Board, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Claudia Herrera
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Michael J. Blum
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kieran TJ, Bayona-Vásquez NJ, Varian CP, Saldaña A, Samudio F, Calzada JE, Gottdenker NL, Glenn TC. Population genetics of two chromatic morphs of the Chagas disease vector Rhodnius pallescens Barber, 1932 in Panamá. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 84:104369. [PMID: 32442632 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rhodnius pallescens is the principal vector of Chagas disease in Panama. Recently a dark chromatic morph has been discovered in the highlands of Veraguas Province. Limited genetic studies have been conducted with regards to the population structure and dispersal potential of Triatominae vectors, particularly in R. pallescens. Next generation sequencing methods such as RADseq and complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome sequencing have great potential for examining vector biology across space and time. Here we utilize a RADseq method (3RAD), along with complete mtDNA sequencing, to examine the population structure of the two chromatic morpho types of R. pallescens in Panama. We sequenced 105 R. pallescens samples from five localities in Panama. We generated a 2216 SNP dataset and 6 complete mtDNA genomes. RADseq showed significant differentiation among the five localities (FCT = 0.695; P = .004), but most of this was between localities with the dark vs. light chromatic morphs (Veraguas vs. Panama Oeste). The mtDNA genomes showed a 97-98% similarity between dark and light chromatic morphs across all genes and a 502 bp insert in light morphs. Thus, both the RADseq and mtDNA data showed highly differentiated clades with essentially no gene flow between the dark and light chromatic morphs from Veraguas and central Panama respectively. We discuss the growing evidence showing clear distinctions between these two morpho types with the possibility that these are separate species, an area of research that requires further investigation. Finally, we discuss the cost-effectiveness of 3RAD which is a third of the cost compared to other RADseq methods used recently in Chagas disease vector research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Troy J Kieran
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Natalia J Bayona-Vásquez
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Institute of Bioinformatics, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Christina P Varian
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Azael Saldaña
- Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panama City, Panama; Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Parasitarias (CIDEP), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Franklyn Samudio
- Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panama City, Panama
| | - Jose E Calzada
- Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panama City, Panama
| | - Nicole L Gottdenker
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Odum School of Ecology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Travis C Glenn
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Institute of Bioinformatics, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Assessment of Shape Variation Patterns in Triatoma infestans (Klug 1834) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae): A First Report in Populations from Bolivia. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11050274. [PMID: 32365855 PMCID: PMC7290822 DOI: 10.3390/insects11050274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The morphological variations of four populations of geographically isolated Triatoma infestans located in the area of inter-Andean valleys and Chaco of Chuquisaca, Bolivia, were evaluated. Fifty-three females and sixty-one males were collected in the peri-domicile and analyzed with geometric morphometrics tools to study the patterns of the head and wing shape variation. The principal component analysis and canonical variate analysis revealed morphological variations between the populations studied, which were then confirmed by the permutation test of the differences between populations using Mahalanobis and Procustes distances. The multivariate regression analysis shows that the centroid size influences the shape of the heads and wings. T. infestans of the inter-Andean valleys are longer in the head and wings compared to the population of the Chaco. We propose that the geometric shape variation may be explained by geographical changes in climatic conditions, peri-domiciliar habitats, food source quality, and the use of insecticides.
Collapse
|
8
|
Fernández CJ, González-Ittig RE, García BA. Genetic structure of the Chagas disease vector Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences. Zool J Linn Soc 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn the present study, we analysed the genetic structure of Triatoma infestans populations with a phylogeographical approach using sequences of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (ND5) and the nuclear elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1α) genes of bugs obtained from Argentina and Bolivia. Spatially circumscribed haplogroups were distinguished from the ND5 gene sequences, one distributed exclusively to the south of the studied area and, in agreement with the results from the EF-1α gene, one haplogroup limited to Bolivia and another to Morajú located in the Chaco region of Argentina. In both the ND5 and EF-1α networks, the most widespread haplogroup or allele group showed a star-like topology, which is compatible with a recent demographic expansion. The asymmetric historical gene flow detected from a population of the Chaco region towards Bolivia and the spatiotemporal phylogeographical reconstruction of lineage dispersal would support the hypothesis that postulates the Chaco biogeographical region as the area of origin for the species. However, additional studies with a broader sampling in the Andean region are needed to define with certainty whether the origin of T. infestans is Chacoan or Andean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cintia J Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (CONICET-UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
- Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Raúl E González-Ittig
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (CONICET-UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
- Cátedra de Genética de Poblaciones y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Beatriz A García
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (CONICET-UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
- Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Garrido R, Bacigalupo A, Peña-Gómez F, Bustamante RO, Cattan PE, Gorla DE, Botto-Mahan C. Potential impact of climate change on the geographical distribution of two wild vectors of Chagas disease in Chile: Mepraia spinolai and Mepraia gajardoi. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:478. [PMID: 31610815 PMCID: PMC6792221 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3744-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mepraia gajardoi and Mepraia spinolai are endemic triatomine vector species of Trypanosoma cruzi, a parasite that causes Chagas disease. These vectors inhabit arid, semiarid and Mediterranean areas of Chile. Mepraia gajardoi occurs from 18° to 25°S, and M. spinolai from 26° to 34°S. Even though both species are involved in T. cruzi transmission in the Pacific side of the Southern Cone of South America, no study has modelled their distributions at a regional scale. Therefore, the aim of this study is to estimate the potential geographical distribution of M. spinolai and M. gajardoi under current and future climate scenarios. Methods We used the Maxent algorithm to model the ecological niche of M. spinolai and M. gajardoi, estimating their potential distributions from current climate information and projecting their distributions to future climatic conditions under representative concentration pathways (RCP) 2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5 scenarios. Future predictions of suitability were constructed considering both higher and lower public health risk situations. Results The current potential distributions of both species were broader than their known ranges. For both species, climate change projections for 2070 in RCP 2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5 scenarios showed different results depending on the methodology used. The higher risk situation showed new suitable areas, but the lower risk situation modelled a net reduction in the future potential distribution areas of M. spinolai and M. gajardoi. Conclusions The suitable areas for both species may be greater than currently known, generating new challenges in terms of vector control and prevention. Under future climate conditions, these species could modify their potential geographical range. Preventive measures to avoid accidental human vectorial transmission by wild vectors of T. cruzi become critical considering the uncertainty of future suitable areas projected in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Garrido
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Biología y Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Antonella Bacigalupo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 2, Correo 15, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Peña-Gómez
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ramiro O Bustamante
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro E Cattan
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 2, Correo 15, Santiago, Chile
| | - David E Gorla
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carezza Botto-Mahan
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Monteiro FA, Weirauch C, Felix M, Lazoski C, Abad-Franch F. Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography of the Triatominae, Vectors of Chagas Disease. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2019. [PMID: 29530308 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we review and update current knowledge about the evolution, systematics, and biogeography of the Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)-true bugs that feed primarily on vertebrate blood. In the Americas, triatomines are the vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. Despite declining incidence and prevalence, Chagas disease is still a major public health concern in Latin America. Triatomines occur also in the Old World, where vector-borne T. cruzi transmission has not been recorded. Triatomines evolved from predatory reduviid bugs, most likely in the New World, and diversified extensively across the Americas (including the Caribbean) and in parts of Asia and Oceania. Here, we first discuss our current understanding of how, how many times, and when the blood-feeding habit might have evolved among the Reduviidae. Then we present a summary of recent advances in the systematics of this diverse group of insects, with an emphasis on the contribution of molecular tools to the clarification of taxonomic controversies. Finally, and in the light of both up-to-date phylogenetic hypotheses and a thorough review of distribution records, we propose a global synthesis of the biogeography of the Triatominae. Over 130 triatomine species contribute to maintaining T. cruzi transmission among mammals (sometimes including humans) in almost every terrestrial ecoregion of the Americas. This means that Chagas disease will never be eradicated and underscores the fact that effective disease prevention will perforce require stronger, long-term vector control-surveillance systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Araujo Monteiro
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | - Márcio Felix
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade Entomológica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Lazoski
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sadílek D, Urfus T, Vilímová J, Hadrava J, Suda J. Nuclear Genome Size in Contrast to Sex Chromosome Number Variability in the Human Bed Bug, Cimex lectularius (Heteroptera: Cimicidae). Cytometry A 2019; 95:746-756. [PMID: 30729668 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The human bed bug Cimex lectularius is one of the most prevalent human ectoparasites in temperate climate zones. The cytogenetic features of this resilient pest include holokinetic chromosomes, special chromosome behavior in meiosis, and numerical variation of chromosomes, where the diploid number ranges from 26 + X1 X2 Y to 26 + X1-20 Y. It is desirable to assess the nuclear DNA content of various cytotypes for a further detailed study of the C. lectularius genome. Detailed knowledge of the DNA content of this parasite could also clarify the origin of additional chromosomes. The average nuclear genome size C. lectularius with 2n = 26 + X1 X2 Y is 2C = 1.94 pg for males and 1.95 pg for females. There is a significant correlation between genome size and the number of chromosomes, but in some specimens with additional chromosomes, nuclear genome size decreases or remains average. Several species used as the internal reference standard were tested for further investigations of genome size in C. lectularius, and the plant Solanum pseudocaspicum turned out to be the most suitable. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Sadílek
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Urfus
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Vilímová
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Hadrava
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic.,Institute of Entomology, Biological Centre, Czech Academy of Science, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Suda
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nascimento JD, da Rosa JA, Salgado-Roa FC, Hernández C, Pardo-Diaz C, Alevi KCC, Ravazi A, de Oliveira J, de Azeredo Oliveira MTV, Salazar C, Ramírez JD. Taxonomical over splitting in the Rhodnius prolixus (Insecta: Hemiptera: Reduviidae) clade: Are R. taquarussuensis (da Rosa et al., 2017) and R. neglectus (Lent, 1954) the same species? PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211285. [PMID: 30730919 PMCID: PMC6366742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of subtle features as species diagnostic traits in taxa with high morphological similarity sometimes fails in discriminating intraspecific variation from interspecific differences, leading to an incorrect species delimitation. A clear assessment of species boundaries is particularly relevant in disease vector organisms in order to understand epidemiological and evolutionary processes that affect transmission capacity. Here, we assess the validity of the recently described Rhodnius taquarussuensis (da Rosa et al., 2017) using interspecific crosses and molecular markers. We did not detect differences in hatching rates in interspecific crosses between R. taquarussuensis and R. neglectus (Lent, 1954). Furthermore, genetic divergence and species delimitation analyses show that R. taquarussuensis is not an independent lineage in the R. prolixus group. These results suggest that R. taquarussuensis is a phenotypic form of R. neglectus instead of a distinct species. We would like to stress that different sources of evidence are needed to correctly delimit species. We consider this is an important step in understanding vectorial Chagas disease spread and transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - João Aristeu da Rosa
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Fabian C. Salgado-Roa
- Grupo de Genética Evolutiva, Filogeografía y Ecología de Biodiversidad Neotropical, Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolina Hernández
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolina Pardo-Diaz
- Grupo de Genética Evolutiva, Filogeografía y Ecología de Biodiversidad Neotropical, Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brasil
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Amanda Ravazi
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Jader de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria Tercília Vilela de Azeredo Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Camilo Salazar
- Grupo de Genética Evolutiva, Filogeografía y Ecología de Biodiversidad Neotropical, Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pita S, Mora P, Vela J, Palomeque T, Sánchez A, Panzera F, Lorite P. Comparative Analysis of Repetitive DNA between the Main Vectors of Chagas Disease: Triatoma infestans and Rhodnius prolixus. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051277. [PMID: 29695139 PMCID: PMC5983683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease or American trypanosomiasis affects six to seven million people worldwide, mostly in Latin America. This disease is transmitted by hematophagous insects known as “kissing bugs” (Hemiptera, Triatominae), with Triatoma infestans and Rhodnius prolixus being the two most important vector species. Despite the fact that both species present the same diploid chromosome number (2n = 22), they have remarkable differences in their total DNA content, chromosome structure and genome organization. Variations in the DNA genome size are expected to be due to differences in the amount of repetitive DNA sequences. The T. infestans genome-wide analysis revealed the existence of 42 satellite DNA families. BLAST searches of these sequences against the R. prolixus genome assembly revealed that only four of these satellite DNA families are shared between both species, suggesting a great differentiation between the Triatoma and Rhodnius genomes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) location of these repetitive DNAs in both species showed that they are dispersed on the euchromatic regions of all autosomes and the X chromosome. Regarding the Y chromosome, these common satellite DNAs are absent in T. infestans but they are present in the R. prolixus Y chromosome. These results support a different origin and/or evolution in the Y chromosome of both species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Pita
- Evolutionary Genetic Section, Faculty of Science, University of the Republic, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay.
| | - Pablo Mora
- Department of Experimental Biology, Genetics , University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n., 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Jesús Vela
- Department of Experimental Biology, Genetics , University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n., 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Teresa Palomeque
- Department of Experimental Biology, Genetics , University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n., 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Antonio Sánchez
- Department of Experimental Biology, Genetics , University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n., 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Francisco Panzera
- Evolutionary Genetic Section, Faculty of Science, University of the Republic, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay.
| | - Pedro Lorite
- Department of Experimental Biology, Genetics , University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n., 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Flores-Ferrer A, Marcou O, Waleckx E, Dumonteil E, Gourbière S. Evolutionary ecology of Chagas disease; what do we know and what do we need? Evol Appl 2017; 11:470-487. [PMID: 29636800 PMCID: PMC5891055 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aetiological agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi, is a key human pathogen afflicting most populations of Latin America. This vectorborne parasite is transmitted by haematophageous triatomines, whose control by large‐scale insecticide spraying has been the main strategy to limit the impact of the disease for over 25 years. While those international initiatives have been successful in highly endemic areas, this systematic approach is now challenged by the emergence of insecticide resistance and by its low efficacy in controlling species that are only partially adapted to human habitat. In this contribution, we review evidences that Chagas disease control shall now be entering a second stage that will rely on a better understanding of triatomines adaptive potential, which requires promoting microevolutionary studies and –omic approaches. Concomitantly, we show that our knowledge of the determinants of the evolution of T. cruzi high diversity and low virulence remains too limiting to design evolution‐proof strategies, while such attributes may be part of the future of Chagas disease control after the 2020 WHO's target of regional elimination of intradomiciliary transmission has been reached. We should then aim at developing a theory of T. cruzi virulence evolution that we anticipate to provide an interesting enrichment of the general theory according to the specificities of transmission of this very generalist stercorarian trypanosome. We stress that many ecological data required to better understand selective pressures acting on vector and parasite populations are already available as they have been meticulously accumulated in the last century of field research. Although more specific information will surely be needed, an effective research strategy would be to integrate data into the conceptual and theoretical framework of evolutionary ecology and life‐history evolution that provide the quantitative backgrounds necessary to understand and possibly anticipate adaptive responses to public health interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alheli Flores-Ferrer
- UMR 228, ESPACE-DEV-IMAGES, 'Institut de Modélisation et d'Analyses en Géo-Environnement et Santé'Université de Perpignan Via Domitia Perpignan France.,UMR 5096 'Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes' Université de Perpignan Via Domitia Perpignan France
| | - Olivier Marcou
- UMR 228, ESPACE-DEV-IMAGES, 'Institut de Modélisation et d'Analyses en Géo-Environnement et Santé'Université de Perpignan Via Domitia Perpignan France
| | - Etienne Waleckx
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi" Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán Mérida Mexico
| | - Eric Dumonteil
- Department of Tropical Medicine School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine Tulane University New Orleans LA USA
| | - Sébastien Gourbière
- UMR 228, ESPACE-DEV-IMAGES, 'Institut de Modélisation et d'Analyses en Géo-Environnement et Santé'Université de Perpignan Via Domitia Perpignan France.,UMR 5096 'Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes' Université de Perpignan Via Domitia Perpignan France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Brenière SF, Buitrago R, Waleckx E, Depickère S, Sosa V, Barnabé C, Gorla D. Wild populations of Triatoma infestans: Compilation of positive sites and comparison of their ecological niche with domestic population niche. Acta Trop 2017; 176:228-235. [PMID: 28818626 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For several years, the wild populations of Triatoma infestans, main vector of Trypanosoma cruzi causing Chagas disease, have been considered or suspected of being a source of reinfestation of villages. The number of sites reported for the presence of wild T. infestans, often close to human habitats, has greatly increased, but these data are scattered in several publications, and others obtained by our team in Bolivia have not been published yet. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Herein is compiled the largest number of wild sites explored for the presence of T. infestans collected with two methods The standardized methods aimed to determine the relationship between wild T. infestans and the ecoregion, and the directed method help to confirm the presence/absence of triatomines in the ecoregions. Entomological indices were compared between ecoregions and an environmental niche modelling approach, based on bioclimatic variables, was applied. The active search for wild T. infestans in Bolivia suggests a discontinuous distribution from the Andean valleys to the lowlands (Chaco), while the models used suggest a continuous distribution between the two regions and very large areas where wild populations remain to be discovered. The results compile the description of different habitats where these populations were found, and we demonstrate that the environmental niches of wild and domestic populations, defined by climatic variables, are similar but not equivalent, showing that during domestication, T. infestans has conquered new spaces with wider ranges of temperature and precipitation. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The great diversity of wild T. infestans habitats and the comparison of their ecological niches with that of domestic populations confirm the behavioural plasticity of the species that increase the possibility of contact with humans. The result of the geographical distribution model of the wild populations calls for more entomological vigilance in the corresponding areas in the Southern Cone countries and in Bolivia. The current presentation is the most comprehensive inventory of wild T. infestans-positive sites that can be used as a reference for further entomological vigilance in inhabited areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Frédérique Brenière
- INTERTRYP, CIRAD, IRD, TA A-17/G, International Campus in Baillarguet, Montpellier, France; Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina (CISeAL), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE), Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Campus Nayón, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Rosio Buitrago
- INTERTRYP, CIRAD, IRD, TA A-17/G, International Campus in Baillarguet, Montpellier, France; Instituto Nacional de Laboratorios de Salud (INLASA), Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Rafael Zubieta #1889, Miraflores, Casilla M-10019, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Etienne Waleckx
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Stéphanie Depickère
- INTERTRYP, CIRAD, IRD, TA A-17/G, International Campus in Baillarguet, Montpellier, France; Instituto Nacional de Laboratorios de Salud (INLASA), Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Rafael Zubieta #1889, Miraflores, Casilla M-10019, La Paz, Bolivia; Grupo de Sistemas Complejos, Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Victor Sosa
- INTERTRYP, CIRAD, IRD, TA A-17/G, International Campus in Baillarguet, Montpellier, France; Dirección de Recursos Naturales, Secretaria de Desarrollo Sostenible y Medio Ambiente, Gobierno Autónomo Departamental de Santa Cruz, Av. Fransisco Mora 3er Anillo interno, Zona Polanco, Mexico
| | - Christian Barnabé
- INTERTRYP, CIRAD, IRD, TA A-17/G, International Campus in Baillarguet, Montpellier, France
| | - David Gorla
- Instituto Altos Estudios Espaciales Mario Gulich, Universidad Nacional Córdoba-CONAE, Ruta C45 Km 8, Falda del Cañete, 5187 Córdoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pita S, Lorite P, Vela J, Mora P, Palomeque T, Thi KP, Panzera F. Holocentric chromosome evolution in kissing bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae): diversification of repeated sequences. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:410. [PMID: 28874168 PMCID: PMC5586013 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The analysis of the chromosomal and genome evolution in organisms with holocentric chromosomes is restricted by the lack of primary constriction or centromere. An interesting group is the hemipteran subfamily Triatominae, vectors of Chagas disease, which affects around 6 to 7 million people worldwide. This group exhibits extensive variability in the number and chromosomal location of repeated sequences such as heterochromatin and ribosomal genes. This paper tries to reveal the significant differences of the repeated sequences among Triatoma species through the use of genomic DNA probes. METHODS We analysed the chromosomal distribution and evolution of repeated sequences in Triatoma species by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) using genomic DNA probes from two North American Triatoma species. These genomic probes were hybridized both on their own chromosomes and on other Triatoma species from North and South America, with different amounts and chromosome location of C-heterochromatin. The results were compared with those previously described using South American Triatoma genomic probes. RESULTS We observed two chromosomal hybridization patterns: (i) very intense hybridization signals concentrated on specific chromosomal regions or particular chromosomes; and (ii) lower intensity hybridization signals dispersed along all chromosomes. Self-GISH on T. rubrofasciata and T. dimidiata chromosomes presented strong hybridization signals on all C-heterochromatin regions. However, when we perform genomic cross-hybridizations, only strong signals are detected on the Y chromosome, leaving the C-heterochromatic autosomal regions unmarked. CONCLUSIONS We confirm that repeated DNA of the Y chromosome is shared among Triatoma species and probably represents an ancestral character of the Triatomini tribe. On the contrary, autosomal heterochromatic regions are constituted by species-specific DNA repeats, most probably satDNA families, suggesting that Triatoma speciation involved the amplification of diverse types of autosomal repeats. Molecular characterization of principal repetitive DNAs seems to be an appropriate approach to infer evolutionary relationships in triatomines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Pita
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Calle Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pedro Lorite
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Paraje Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Jesús Vela
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Paraje Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Pablo Mora
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Paraje Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Teresa Palomeque
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Paraje Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Khoa Pham Thi
- Center for Molecular Biology, IRD, Duytan University, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Francisco Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Calle Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pita S, Panzera F, Mora P, Vela J, Cuadrado Á, Sánchez A, Palomeque T, Lorite P. Comparative repeatome analysis on Triatoma infestans Andean and Non-Andean lineages, main vector of Chagas disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181635. [PMID: 28723933 PMCID: PMC5517068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triatoma infestans is the most important Chagas disease vector in South America. Two main evolutionary lineages, named Andean and non-Andean, have been recognized by geographical distribution, phenetic and genetic characteristics. One of the main differences is the genomic size, varying over 30% in their haploid DNA content. Here we realize a genome wide analysis to compare the repetitive genome fraction (repeatome) between both lineages in order to identify the main repetitive DNA changes occurred during T. infestans differentiation process. RepeatExplorer analysis using Illumina reads showed that both lineages exhibit the same amount of non-repeat sequences, and that satellite DNA is by far the major component of repetitive DNA and the main responsible for the genome size differentiation between both lineages. We characterize 42 satellite DNA families, which are virtually all present in both lineages but with different amount in each lineage. Furthermore, chromosomal location of satellite DNA by fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that genomic variations in T. infestans are mainly due to satellite DNA families located on the heterochromatic regions. The results also show that many satDNA families are located on the euchromatic regions of the chromosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Pita
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Francisco Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Mora
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Jesús Vela
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Ángeles Cuadrado
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Teresa Palomeque
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Pedro Lorite
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pita S, Panzera F, Vela J, Mora P, Palomeque T, Lorite P. Complete mitochondrial genome of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae), main vector of Chagas disease. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 54:158-163. [PMID: 28684375 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitogenome of Triatoma infestans, the main vector of Chagas disease in South America, was obtained by combining Illumina and Sanger sequencing sequence data. The 17,301bp long genome contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs, and a control region. The number, order and orientation of mitochondrial genes are the same as in T. dimidiata, the only Triatominae mt genome published so far. The main differences between both mitogenomes are found in the control region and in the intergenic spacer between the nd1 gene and the tRNA-Ser. Comparative analysis with other Reduviidae species shows high conservation in the mt genome organization. Molecular phylogeny using all available complete mt genomes from Reduviidae species confirms the close relationship between Triatominae and Stenopodainae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Pita
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Francisco Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Jesús Vela
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Paraje de las Lagunillas s/n., 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Pablo Mora
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Paraje de las Lagunillas s/n., 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Teresa Palomeque
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Paraje de las Lagunillas s/n., 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Pedro Lorite
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Paraje de las Lagunillas s/n., 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ravazi A, Alevi KCC, Oliveira J, Rosa JA, Azeredo-Oliveira MTV. Cytogenetic analysis in different populations of Rhodnius prolixus and R. nasutus from different countries of South America. BRAZ J BIOL 2017; 78:183-185. [PMID: 28562785 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.167196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Ravazi
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - K C C Alevi
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - J Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - J A Rosa
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - M T V Azeredo-Oliveira
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
da Rosa JA, Justino HHG, Nascimento JD, Mendonça VJ, Rocha CS, de Carvalho DB, Falcone R, Oliveira MTVDA, Alevi KCC, de Oliveira J. A new species of Rhodnius from Brazil (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae). Zookeys 2017:1-25. [PMID: 28769676 PMCID: PMC5523883 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.675.12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A colony was formed from eggs of a Rhodnius sp. female collected in Taquarussu, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and its specimens were used to describe R.taquarussuensissp. n. This species is similar to R.neglectus, but distinct characters were observed on the head, thorax, abdomen, female external genitalia and male genitalia. Chromosomal differences between the two species were also established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Aristeu da Rosa
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | - Vagner José Mendonça
- Departamento de Parasitologia e Imunologia, Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - Claudia Solano Rocha
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Danila Blanco de Carvalho
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Rossana Falcone
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Jader de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Genetic characterization of residual Triatoma infestans populations from Brazil by microsatellite. Genetica 2017; 145:105-114. [PMID: 28120213 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-017-9949-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In spite of long-term efforts to eliminate Triatoma infestans (Klug 1834) from Brazil, residual foci still persist in the states of Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul. Data on the genetic variability and structuring of these populations are however lacking. Using nine microsatellite loci, we characterized one residual T. infestans population from Bahia and four from Rio Grande do Sul, and compared them with bugs originally from an older focus in São Paulo; 224 bugs were genotyped. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 to 11. Observed and expected heterozygosities per locus ranged, respectively, from 0 to 0.786 and from 0 to 0.764. Significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, mainly due to heterozygote deficits, were detected in all loci and in most populations. Global indices estimated by AMOVA were: Fis was 0.37; Fst was 0.28; and Fit was 0.55; overall indices with p = 0.00 indicated substantial differentiation. Inter-population Fst ranged from 0.118 to 0.562, suggesting strong genetic structuring and little to no gene flow among populations. Intra-population Fis ranged from 0.301 to 0.307. Inbreeding was apparent in all populations except that from Bahia-which might be either linked by gene flow to nearby unsampled populations or part of a relatively large local population. The overall pattern of strong genetic structuring among pyrethroid-susceptible residual T. infestans populations suggests that their persistence is probably due to operational control failures. Detection and elimination of such residual foci is technically feasible and must become a public health priority in Brazil.
Collapse
|
22
|
Nattero J, Pita S, Calleros L, Crocco L, Panzera Y, Rodríguez CS, Panzera F. Morphological and Genetic Differentiation within the Southernmost Vector of Chagas Disease: Triatoma patagonica (Hemiptera - Reduviidae). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168853. [PMID: 28005972 PMCID: PMC5179239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemiological importance of Chagas disease vectors largely depends on their spreading ability and adaptation to domestic habitats. Triatoma patagonica is a secondary vector of Chagas disease endemic of Argentina, and it has been found colonizing domiciles and most commonly peridomiciliary structures in several Argentine provinces and morphological variation along its distribution range have been described. To asses if population differentiation represents geographic variants or true biological species, multiple genetic and phenotypic approaches and laboratory cross-breeding were performed in T. patagonica peridomestic populations. Analyses of chromatic variation of forewings, their size and the content of C-heterochromatin on chromosomes revealed that populations are structured following a North-South latitudinal variation. Cytochrome c oxidase I mitochondrial gene (COI) nucleotide analysis showed a mean genetic distance of 5.2% between the most distant populations. The cross-breeding experiments suggest a partial reproductive isolation between some populations with 40% of couples not laying eggs and low hatching efficiency. Our findings reveal phenotypic and genetic variations that suggest an incipient differentiation processes among T. patagonica populations with a pronounced phenotypic and genetic divergence between the most distant populations. The population differentiation here reported is probably related to differential environmental conditions and it could reflect the occurrence of an incipient speciation process in T. patagonica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Nattero
- Cátedra de Introducción a la Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas -IIByT (CONICET—Universidad Nacional de Córdoba). Avda. Vélez Sarsfield, piso 2, Córdoba, Argentina
- Present address: Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, CONICET, EGE, FCEyN, UBA, Intendente Güiraldes 2160—Ciudad Universitaria—Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail: (JN); (FP)
| | - Sebastián Pita
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República. Iguá, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Calleros
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República. Iguá, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Liliana Crocco
- Cátedra de Introducción a la Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas -IIByT (CONICET—Universidad Nacional de Córdoba). Avda. Vélez Sarsfield, piso 2, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Yanina Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República. Iguá, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Claudia S. Rodríguez
- Cátedra de Introducción a la Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas -IIByT (CONICET—Universidad Nacional de Córdoba). Avda. Vélez Sarsfield, piso 2, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Francisco Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República. Iguá, Montevideo, Uruguay
- * E-mail: (JN); (FP)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dos Santos SM, Pompolo SDG, Gonçalves TCM, de Freitas SPC, Rangel EF, Dos Santos-Mallet JR. New sex-determination system in the genus Panstrongylus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) revealed by chromosomal analysis of Panstrongylus lutzi. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:295. [PMID: 27209318 PMCID: PMC4875646 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1574-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panstrongylus lutzi (Neiva & Pinto, 1923) is a triatomine species native to Caatinga habitats in north-eastern Brazil. It is considered an important vector of Chagas disease in this region, presenting high rates of natural infection with Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas, 1909, and readily invading houses by flight. This study describes a previously unknown chromosomal sex system in the genus Panstrongylus based on P. lutzi. METHODS Fifth-instar and male adults of P. lutzi originating from municipality of Várzea Alegre, Ceará (Brazil) were analysed. Chromosomal analyses of male meiotic process were done by Giemsa staining. RESULTS Chromosomal analyses of male meiosis reveal a diploid chromosome number of 24 chromosomes (20 autosomes plus X1X2X3Y). During meiotic prophase I, the sex chromosomes remained close together, forming four heteropycnotic chromocenters in zygotene, and a single chromocenter in pachytene and diplotene. Still at the diplotene stage, each one of the ten autosomal bivalents showed an evident chiasma. In metaphase I, the four sex chromosomes appeared clearly separated. The three X chromosomes were the smallest of the complement and isopycnotic with respect to the Y chromosome. Two bivalents appear larger, whereas the other eight showed no significant difference in size. CONCLUSION Karyotype analysis of P. lutzi revealed a new sex system in the genus Panstrongylus. This result is of utmost importance to karyosystematics of P. lutzi, and demonstrates the need for further studies of this type in the subfamily Triatominae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Menezes Dos Santos
- Laboratório Interdiciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Silvia das Graças Pompolo
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Laboratório de Citogenética de Insetos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida PH Rolfs, s/n Campus Universitário, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Teresa Cristina Monte Gonçalves
- Laboratório Interdiciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Simone Patricia Carneiro de Freitas
- Laboratório Interdiciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Ferreira Rangel
- Laboratório Interdiciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jacenir Reis Dos Santos-Mallet
- Laboratório Interdiciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bustamante Gomez M, Gonçalves Diotaiuti L, Gorla DE. Distribution of Pyrethroid Resistant Populations of Triatoma infestans in the Southern Cone of South America. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004561. [PMID: 27007658 PMCID: PMC4805280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of studies published during the last 15 years showed the occurrence of insecticide resistance in Triatoma infestans populations. The different toxicological profiles and mechanisms of resistance to insecticides is due to a genetic base and environmental factors, being the insecticide selective pressure the best studied among the last factors. The studies on insecticide resistance on T. infestans did not consider the effect of environmental factors that may influence the distribution of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides. To fill this knowledge gap, the present study aims at studying the association between the spatial distribution of pyrethroid resistant populations of T. infestans and environmental variables. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A total of 24 articles reporting on studies that evaluated the susceptibility to pyrethroids of 222 field-collected T. infestans populations were compiled. The relationship between resistance occurrence (according to different criteria) with environmental variables was studied using a generalized linear model. The lethal dose that kills 50% of the evaluated population (LD50) showed a strong linear relationship with the corresponding resistance ratio (RR50). The statistical descriptive analysis of showed that the frequency distribution of the Log (LD50) is bimodal, suggesting the existence of two statistical groups. A significant model including 5 environmental variables shows the geographic distribution of high and low LD50 groups with a particular concentration of the highest LD50 populations over the region identified as the putative center of dispersion of T. infestans. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The occurrence of these two groups concentrated over a particular region that coincides with the area where populations of the intermediate cytogenetic group were found might reflect the spatial heterogeneity of the genetic variability of T. infestans, that seems to be the cause of the insecticide resistance in the area, even on sylvatic populations of T. infestans, never before exposed to pyrethroid insecticides, representing natural and wild toxicological phenotypes. The strong linear relationship found between LD50 and RR50 suggest RR50 might not be the best indicator of insecticide resistance in triatomines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marinely Bustamante Gomez
- Laboratório de Referência em Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou—FIOCRUZ Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Liléia Gonçalves Diotaiuti
- Laboratório de Referência em Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou—FIOCRUZ Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - David E. Gorla
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Epidemiological status of kissing-bugs in South East Asia: A preliminary assessment. Acta Trop 2015; 151:142-9. [PMID: 26115948 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Kissing-bugs (Triatominae) are being increasingly reported as a biting nuisance in SE Asia, with severe bite reactions sometimes leading to anaphylactic shock. In addition, they pose a risk for vector-borne transmission of trypanosomiasis, with potential diagnostic difficulties due to the range of trypanosome species in the region. Here, we review available information about Triatominae in Asia, and present additional comparisons using morphometry, cytogenetics, and new DNA sequence data, to clarify their relationship with each other and with the better known American species. We deduce that all Asian Triatominae have probably derived from forms originally spread during the 15-18th centuries on sailing ships, from the area that now forms the southern USA.
Collapse
|
26
|
Panzera F, Pita S, Nattero J, Panzera Y, Galvão C, Chavez T, Rojas De Arias A, Cardozo Téllez L, Noireau F. Cryptic speciation in the Triatoma sordida subcomplex (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) revealed by chromosomal markers. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:495. [PMID: 26419232 PMCID: PMC4589034 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease vectors (Hemiptera-Reduviidae) comprise more than 140 blood-sucking insect species of the Triatominae subfamily. The largest genus is Triatoma, subdivided in several complexes and subcomplexes according to morphology, ecology and genetic features. One of them is the sordida subcomplex, involving four species: Triatoma sordida, T. guasayana, T. garciabesi and T. patagonica. Given the great morphological similarity of these species, their taxonomic identification, evolutionary relationships and population differentiation have been controversial for many years and even today remain under discussion. METHODS We simultaneously analyzed two chromosomal markers, C-heterochromatin distribution and 45S ribosomal genes chromosomal position, of 139 specimens from several sordida subcomplex populations from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay, collected both in nature and from several established insectaries. Our results were compared with COI sequences deposited in GenBank. RESULTS We recognized five chromosomal taxa with putative hybrids, which each differ in at least one chromosome marker. Most of them present significant differences in their mtDNA sequences. CONCLUSION The chromosomal taxa here show a significant chromosome differentiation involving changes in the C-heterochromatin content and in the ribosomal clusters position. This paper identifies several erroneously classified populations by morphological methods, delimits the geographical distribution of each taxon and proposes the existence of a new cryptic species, widely distributed in Argentina. We also suggest that sordida sibling species involve closely related as well as evolutionary distant species. Taxonomic status of each chromosomal taxon is discussed considering phenotypic and genetic results previously published.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Calle: Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Sebastián Pita
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Calle: Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Julieta Nattero
- Cátedra Introducción a la Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT) CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina. .,Present address: Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Yanina Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Calle: Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Cleber Galvão
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos (LNIRTT), Instituto Oswaldo, Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Tamara Chavez
- Instituto Nacional de Laboratorios de Salud (INLASA), Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, La Paz, Bolivia.
| | - Antonieta Rojas De Arias
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC)/Díaz Gill Medicina Laboratorial/Fundación Moisés Bertoni, Asunción, Paraguay.
| | - Lourdes Cardozo Téllez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Hernando Bertoni, Instituto Paraguayo de Tecnología Agraria, Asunción, Paraguay.
| | - François Noireau
- Interactions hôtes-vecteurs-parasites dans les infections par trypanosomatidae (INTERTRYP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Piccinali RV, Gürtler RE. Fine-scale genetic structure of Triatoma infestans in the Argentine Chaco. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 34:143-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
28
|
Gorla DE, Ortiz RV, Catalá SS. Control of rural house infestation by Triatoma infestans in the Bolivian Chaco using a microencapsulated insecticide formulation. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:255. [PMID: 25928071 PMCID: PMC4422534 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0762-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triatoma infestans, the main vector of Trypanosoma cruzi (causative agent of Chagas disease) has been successfully eliminated over much of its original geographic distribution over the southern cone countries of South America. However, populations of the species are still infesting houses of rural communities of the Gran Chaco region of Argentina and Bolivia. This study reports for the first time a large-scale effect of a vector control intervention using a microencapsulated formulation of organophosphates and insect growth regulator on house infestation by T. infestans, in the southwestern region of Santa Cruz de la Sierra Department, within the Bolivian chaco. Methods The vector control intervention included the treatment and entomological evaluation of 1626 individually coded and georeferenced houses with the microencapsulated formulation. House infestation by T. infestans was evaluated by active searches with fixed capture effort carried out before and after two, 16 and 32 months of the treatment application. Results House infestation prevalence was 30.5% before the intervention, spatially aggregated in two clusters of 38 and 25 localities that showed 41% and 38% house infestation by T. infestans. Infestation prevalence was reduced to 2.4% two months after the intervention and remained very low (1.7%) until the end of the study after 32 months of the control intervention, without any other additional vector control intervention. Conclusions The obtained results show an important long lasting effect on house protection against triatomine infestation in a region of known pyrethroid resistant populations of T. infestans, as the result of the slow release of the active ingredients, protected by the formulation microcapsule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Eladio Gorla
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica. CRILAR-CONICET, 5201, Anillaco, La Rioja, Argentina.
| | - Roberto Vargas Ortiz
- Programa Chagas, Servicio Departamental de Salud, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.
| | - Silvia Susana Catalá
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica. CRILAR-CONICET, 5201, Anillaco, La Rioja, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Messenger LA, Garcia L, Vanhove M, Huaranca C, Bustamante M, Torrico M, Torrico F, Miles MA, Llewellyn MS. Ecological host fitting of Trypanosoma cruzi TcI in Bolivia: mosaic population structure, hybridization and a role for humans in Andean parasite dispersal. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:2406-22. [PMID: 25847086 PMCID: PMC4737126 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
An improved understanding of how a parasite species exploits its genetic repertoire to colonize novel hosts and environmental niches is crucial to establish the epidemiological risk associated with emergent pathogenic genotypes. Trypanosoma cruzi, a genetically heterogeneous, multi-host zoonosis, provides an ideal system to examine the sylvatic diversification of parasitic protozoa. In Bolivia, T. cruzi I, the oldest and most widespread genetic lineage, is pervasive across a range of ecological clines. High-resolution nuclear (26 loci) and mitochondrial (10 loci) genotyping of 199 contemporaneous sylvatic TcI clones was undertaken to provide insights into the biogeographical basis of T. cruzi evolution. Three distinct sylvatic parasite transmission cycles were identified: one highland population among terrestrial rodent and triatomine species, composed of genetically homogenous strains (Ar = 2.95; PA/L = 0.61; DAS = 0.151), and two highly diverse, parasite assemblages circulating among predominantly arboreal mammals and vectors in the lowlands (Ar = 3.40 and 3.93; PA/L = 1.12 and 0.60; DAS = 0.425 and 0.311, respectively). Very limited gene flow between neighbouring terrestrial highland and arboreal lowland areas (distance ~220 km; FST = 0.42 and 0.35) but strong connectivity between ecologically similar but geographically disparate terrestrial highland ecotopes (distance >465 km; FST = 0.016-0.084) strongly supports ecological host fitting as the predominant mechanism of parasite diversification. Dissimilar heterozygosity estimates (excess in highlands, deficit in lowlands) and mitochondrial introgression among lowland strains may indicate fundamental differences in mating strategies between populations. Finally, accelerated parasite dissemination between densely populated, highland areas, compared to uninhabited lowland foci, likely reflects passive, long-range anthroponotic dispersal. The impact of humans on the risk of epizootic Chagas disease transmission in Bolivia is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louisa A. Messenger
- Department of Pathogen Molecular BiologyFaculty of Infectious and Tropical DiseasesLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - Lineth Garcia
- Institute of Biomedical ResearchUniversidad Mayor de San SimónCochabambaBolivia
| | - Mathieu Vanhove
- Department of Infectious Disease EpidemiologyImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Carlos Huaranca
- Institute of Biomedical ResearchUniversidad Mayor de San SimónCochabambaBolivia
| | - Marinely Bustamante
- Institute of Biomedical ResearchUniversidad Mayor de San SimónCochabambaBolivia
| | - Marycruz Torrico
- Institute of Biomedical ResearchUniversidad Mayor de San SimónCochabambaBolivia
| | - Faustino Torrico
- Institute of Biomedical ResearchUniversidad Mayor de San SimónCochabambaBolivia
| | - Michael A. Miles
- Department of Pathogen Molecular BiologyFaculty of Infectious and Tropical DiseasesLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - Martin S. Llewellyn
- Department of Pathogen Molecular BiologyFaculty of Infectious and Tropical DiseasesLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Waleckx E, Gourbière S, Dumonteil E. Intrusive versus domiciliated triatomines and the challenge of adapting vector control practices against Chagas disease. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:324-38. [PMID: 25993504 PMCID: PMC4489470 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760140409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease prevention remains mostly based on triatomine vector control to reduce or eliminate house infestation with these bugs. The level of adaptation of triatomines to human housing is a key part of vector competence and needs to be precisely evaluated to allow for the design of effective vector control strategies. In this review, we examine how the domiciliation/intrusion level of different triatomine species/populations has been defined and measured and discuss how these concepts may be improved for a better understanding of their ecology and evolution, as well as for the design of more effective control strategies against a large variety of triatomine species. We suggest that a major limitation of current criteria for classifying triatomines into sylvatic, intrusive, domiciliary and domestic species is that these are essentially qualitative and do not rely on quantitative variables measuring population sustainability and fitness in their different habitats. However, such assessments may be derived from further analysis and modelling of field data. Such approaches can shed new light on the domiciliation process of triatomines and may represent a key tool for decision-making and the design of vector control interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Waleckx
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr
Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Sébastien Gourbière
- Institut de Modélisation et d’Analyses en Géo-Environnement et Santé,
Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Eric Dumonteil
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr
Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zuriaga MA, Mas-Coma S, Bargues MD. A nuclear ribosomal DNA pseudogene in triatomines opens a new research field of fundamental and applied implications in Chagas disease. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:353-62. [PMID: 25760450 PMCID: PMC4489472 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760140398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A pseudogene, designated as "ps(5.8S+ITS-2)", paralogous to the 5.8S gene and
internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-2 of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA), has been
recently found in many triatomine species distributed throughout North America,
Central America and northern South America. Among characteristics used as criteria
for pseudogene verification, secondary structures and free energy are highlighted,
showing a lower fit between minimum free energy, partition function and centroid
structures, although in given cases the fit only appeared to be slightly lower. The
unique characteristics of "ps(5.8S+ITS-2)" as a processed or retrotransposed
pseudogenic unit of the ghost type are reviewed, with emphasis on its potential
functionality compared to the functionality of genes and spacers of the normal rDNA
operon. Besides the technical problem of the risk for erroneous sequence results, the
usefulness of "ps(5.8S+ITS-2)" for specimen classification, phylogenetic analyses and
systematic/taxonomic studies should be highlighted, based on consistence and
retention index values, which in pseudogenic sequence trees were higher than in
functional sequence trees. Additionally, intraindividual, interpopulational and
interspecific differences in pseudogene amount and the fact that it is a pseudogene
in the nuclear rDNA suggests a potential relationships with fitness, behaviour and
adaptability of triatomine vectors and consequently its potential utility in Chagas
disease epidemiology and control.
Collapse
|
32
|
Pita S, Panzera F, Sánchez A, Panzera Y, Palomeque T, Lorite P. Distribution and evolution of repeated sequences in genomes of Triatominae (Hemiptera-Reduviidae) inferred from genomic in situ hybridization. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114298. [PMID: 25478792 PMCID: PMC4257613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The subfamily Triatominae, vectors of Chagas disease, comprises 140 species characterized by a highly homogeneous chromosome number. We analyzed the chromosomal distribution and evolution of repeated sequences in Triatominae genomes by Genomic in situ Hybridization using Triatoma delpontei and Triatoma infestans genomic DNAs as probes. Hybridizations were performed on their own chromosomes and on nine species included in six genera from the two main tribes: Triatomini and Rhodniini. Genomic probes clearly generate two different hybridization patterns, dispersed or accumulated in specific regions or chromosomes. The three used probes generate the same hybridization pattern in each species. However, these patterns are species-specific. In closely related species, the probes strongly hybridized in the autosomal heterochromatic regions, resembling C-banding and DAPI patterns. However, in more distant species these co-localizations are not observed. The heterochromatic Y chromosome is constituted by highly repeated sequences, which is conserved among 10 species of Triatomini tribe suggesting be an ancestral character for this group. However, the Y chromosome in Rhodniini tribe is markedly different, supporting the early evolutionary dichotomy between both tribes. In some species, sex chromosomes and autosomes shared repeated sequences, suggesting meiotic chromatin exchanges among these heterologous chromosomes. Our GISH analyses enabled us to acquire not only reliable information about autosomal repeated sequences distribution but also an insight into sex chromosome evolution in Triatominae. Furthermore, the differentiation obtained by GISH might be a valuable marker to establish phylogenetic relationships and to test the controversial origin of the Triatominae subfamily.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pita
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Francisco Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- * E-mail: (PL); (FP)
| | - Antonio Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Yanina Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Teresa Palomeque
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Pedro Lorite
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- * E-mail: (PL); (FP)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gomez MB, D'Avila GCP, Orellana ALG, Cortez MR, Rosa ACL, Noireau F, Diotaiuti LG. Susceptibility to deltamethrin of wild and domestic populations of Triatoma infestans of the Gran Chaco and the Inter-Andean Valleys of Bolivia. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:497. [PMID: 25394392 PMCID: PMC4240893 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0497-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The persistence of Triatoma infestans and the continuous transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in the Inter-Andean Valleys and in the Gran Chaco of Bolivia are of great significance. Coincidentally, it is in these regions the reach of the vector control strategies is limited, and reports of T. infestans resistance to insecticides, including in wild populations, have been issued. This study aims to characterize the susceptibility to deltamethrin of wild and domestic populations of T. infestans from Bolivia, in order to better understand the extent of this relevant problem. Methods Susceptibility to deltamethrin was assessed in nine, wild and domestic, populations of T. infestans from the Gran Chaco and the Inter-Andean Valleys of Bolivia. Serial dilutions of deltamethrin in acetone (0.2 μL) were topically applied in first instar nymphs (F1, five days old, fasting, weight 1.2 ± 0.2 mg). Dose response results were analyzed with PROBIT version 2, determining the lethal doses, slope and resistance ratios (RR). Qualitative tests were also performed. Results Three wild T. infestans dark morph samples of Chaco from the Santa Cruz Department were susceptible to deltamethrin with RR50 of <2, and 100% mortality to the diagnostic dose (DD); however, two domestic populations from the same region were less susceptible than the susceptibility reference lineage (RR50 of 4.21 and 5.04 respectively and 93% DD). The domestic population of Villa Montes from the Chaco of the Tarija Department presented high levels of resistance (RR50 of 129.12 and 0% DD). Moreover, the domestic populations from the Valleys of the Cochabamba Department presented resistance (RR50 of 8.49 and 62% DD), the wild populations were less susceptible than SRL and T. infestans dark morph populations (RR50 < 5). Conclusion The elimination of T. infestans with pyrethroid insecticides in Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, and its drastic reduction in large parts of Paraguay and Argentina, clearly indicates that pyrethroid resistance was very uncommon in non-Andean regions. The pyrethroid susceptibility of non-Andean T. infestans dark morph population, and the resistance towards it, of Andean T. infestans wild and domestic populations, indicates that the Andean populations from Bolivia are less susceptible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marinely Bustamante Gomez
- Laboratório de Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou - FIOCRUZ Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Grasielle Caldas Pessoa D'Avila
- Laboratório de Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou - FIOCRUZ Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Ana Lineth Garcia Orellana
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
| | | | - Aline Cristine Luiz Rosa
- Laboratório de Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou - FIOCRUZ Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - François Noireau
- Institute de Recherche pour le Developemente (IRD), La Paz, Bolivia.
| | - Liléia Gonçalves Diotaiuti
- Laboratório de Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou - FIOCRUZ Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Panzera F, Ferreiro MJ, Pita S, Calleros L, Pérez R, Basmadjián Y, Guevara Y, Brenière SF, Panzera Y. Evolutionary and dispersal history of Triatoma infestans, main vector of Chagas disease, by chromosomal markers. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 27:105-13. [PMID: 25017654 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease, one of the most important vector-borne diseases in the Americas, is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted to humans by insects of the subfamily Triatominae. An effective control of this disease depends on elimination of vectors through spraying with insecticides. Genetic research can help insect control programs by identifying and characterizing vector populations. In southern Latin America, Triatoma infestans is the main vector and presents two distinct lineages, known as Andean and non-Andean chromosomal groups, that are highly differentiated by the amount of heterochromatin and genome size. Analyses with nuclear and mitochondrial sequences are not conclusive about resolving the origin and spread of T. infestans. The present paper includes the analyses of karyotypes, heterochromatin distribution and chromosomal mapping of the major ribosomal cluster (45S rDNA) to specimens throughout the distribution range of this species, including pyrethroid-resistant populations. A total of 417 specimens from seven different countries were analyzed. We show an unusual wide rDNA variability related to number and chromosomal position of the ribosomal genes, never before reported in species with holocentric chromosomes. Considering the chromosomal groups previously described, the ribosomal patterns are associated with a particular geographic distribution. Our results reveal that the differentiation process between both T. infestans chromosomal groups has involved significant genomic reorganization of essential coding sequences, besides the changes in heterochromatin and genomic size previously reported. The chromosomal markers also allowed us to detect the existence of a hybrid zone occupied by individuals derived from crosses between both chromosomal groups. Our genetic studies support the hypothesis of an Andean origin for T. infestans, and suggest that pyrethroid-resistant populations from the Argentinean-Bolivian border are most likely the result of recent secondary contact between both lineages. We suggest that vector control programs should make a greater effort in the entomological surveillance of those regions with both chromosomal groups to avoid rapid emergence of resistant individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - María J Ferreiro
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sebastián Pita
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Calleros
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ruben Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Yester Basmadjián
- Departamento de Parasitología y Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Yenny Guevara
- Laboratorio de Citogenética Alberto Tellería Cáceres, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Simone Frédérique Brenière
- INTERTRYP (Interactions hôtes-vecteurs-parasites dans les infections par trypanosomatidae), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Yanina Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bardella VB, da Rosa JA, Vanzela ALL. Origin and distribution of AT-rich repetitive DNA families in Triatoma infestans (Heteroptera). INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 23:106-14. [PMID: 24524986 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Triatoma infestans, one of the most important vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, is very interesting model, because it shows large interpopulation variation in the amount and distribution of heterochromatin. This polymorphism involved the three large pairs up to almost all autosomal pairs, including the sex chromosomes. To understand the dynamics of heterochromatin variation in T. infestans, we isolated the AT-rich satDNA portion of this insect using reassociation kinetics (C0t), followed by cloning, sequencing and FISH. After chromosome localization, immunolabeling with anti-5-methylcytosine, anti-H4K5ac and anti-H3K9me2 antibodies was performed to determine the functional characteristics of heterochromatin. The results allowed us to reorganize the karyotype of T. infestans in accordance with the distribution of the families of repetitive DNA using seven different markers. We found that two arrays with lengths of 79 and 33bp have a strong relationship with transposable element sequences, suggesting that these two families of satDNA probably originated from Polintons. The results also allowed us to identify at least four chromosome rearrangements involved in the amplification/dispersion of AT-rich satDNA of T. infestans. These data should be very useful in new studies including those examining the cytogenomic and population aspects of this very important species of insect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Bellini Bardella
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, IBILCE/UNESP, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - João Aristeu da Rosa
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Famacêuticas de Araraquara, FCFAR/UNESP, 14801-902 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - André Luís Laforga Vanzela
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, CCB, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86051-990 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
García BA, de Rosas ARP, Blariza MJ, Grosso CG, Fernández CJ, Stroppa MM. Molecular Population Genetics and Evolution of the Chagas' Disease Vector Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Curr Genomics 2014; 14:316-23. [PMID: 24403850 PMCID: PMC3763682 DOI: 10.2174/13892029113149990006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Triatoma infestans (Klug) is the main vector of Chagas’ disease in the Southern Cone of Latin America between the latitudes 10° S and 46° S. The long-term effectiveness of the control campaigns is greatly dependent upon the vector population structure. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes have been used in a number of T. infestans population genetic analyses. However, the maternally inherited markers as well as nuclear ribosomal DNA analyzed until the present exhibited low or limited levels of variation. Analyses based on microsatellite markers strongly supported the existence of some type of stratification in T. infestans populations and supported the hypothesis of vector population recovery from survivors of the insecticide-treated areas, highlighting the value of population genetic analyses in assessing the effectiveness of Chagas’ disease vector control programmes. Although phylogeographic studies have generally suggested a Bolivian Andean origin of T. infestans, they recovered two reciprocal monophyletic groups of T. infestans and Bolivian populations who were not basal as expected for an ancestral group. In addition, a non-Andean origin could not be excluded by mtDNA genealogies that included sylvatic bugs from Gran Chaco. On the other side, mitochondrial and microsatellite markers supported the hypothesis of two independent migration events of colonization and secondary contacts in southern South America. Since the phylogenetic analyses remain inconclusive, more sequences, not only from mitochondrial genes but also from nuclear genes, need to be examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz A García
- Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA, UNC-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alicia R Pérez de Rosas
- Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA, UNC-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María J Blariza
- Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA, UNC-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carla G Grosso
- Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA, UNC-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cintia J Fernández
- Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA, UNC-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María M Stroppa
- Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA, UNC-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nuclear rDNA pseudogenes in Chagas disease vectors: Evolutionary implications of a new 5.8S+ITS-2 paralogous sequence marker in triatomines of North, Central and northern South America. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 21:134-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
38
|
Insecticide Resistance in Insect Vectors of Disease with Special Reference to Mosquitoes: A Potential Threat to Global Public Health. HEALTH SCOPE 2013. [DOI: 10.5812/jhs.9840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
39
|
Karunamoorthi K, Sabesan S. Insecticide Resistance in Insect Vectors of Disease with Special Reference to Mosquitoes: A Potential Threat to Global Public Health. HEALTH SCOPE 2013. [DOI: 10.17795/jhealthscope-9840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
40
|
Guevara AG, Atherton RD, Wauters MA, Vicuña Y, Nelson M, Prado J, Kato H, Calvopiña MH, Hashiguchi Y. Seroepidemiological study of chagas disease in the southern Amazon region of ecuador. Trop Med Health 2013; 41:21-5. [PMID: 23532947 PMCID: PMC3601199 DOI: 10.2149/tmh.2012-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the extent of Trypanosoma cruzi infection and/or transmission in the southern Amazon region of Ecuador, three indigenous communities in the provinces of Pastaza and Morona Santiago were serosurveyed. Chagatest(TM), Immunocomb(®)II and immunofluorescent (IF) assays were used. Among the 385 inhabitants examined, nine (2.34%) were seropositive for T. cruzi infection. Of the nine positive sera, four (44.4%) fall in the 10-19, one each in the 20-29, 30-39 and 40-49, and two in the 50-59 age groups. These results suggested the possible existence of an autochthonous active T. cruzi transmission in the region and provide the first serological evidence for T. cruzi infection in the southern province of Morona Santiago bordering Peru. Further studies are needed in these Amazonian provinces to ascertain the spread of T. cruzi infection in the area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angel G. Guevara
- Laboratorio de Parasitologia Molecular y Medicina Tropical, Centro de Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Richard D. Atherton
- Laboratorio de Parasitologia Molecular y Medicina Tropical, Centro de Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Michael A. Wauters
- Laboratorio de Parasitologia Molecular y Medicina Tropical, Centro de Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Yosselin Vicuña
- Laboratorio de Parasitologia Molecular y Medicina Tropical, Centro de Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Jose Prado
- Programa de Enfermedad de Chagas, Servicio Nacional de Erradicación de la Malaria (SNEM), Ministerio de Salud Publica, Ecuador
| | - Hirotomo Kato
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Manuel H. Calvopiña
- Laboratorio de Parasitologia Molecular y Medicina Tropical, Centro de Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Yoshihisa Hashiguchi
- Laboratorio de Parasitologia Molecular y Medicina Tropical, Centro de Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Programa Prometeo, Servicio Nacional de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovación (SENESCYT), Ecuador
- Department of Parasitology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Poggio M, Gaspe M, Papeschi A, Bressa M. Cytogenetic Study in a Mutant ofTriatoma infestans(Hemiptera: Reduviidae) Carrying a Spontaneous Autosomal Fusion and an Extra Chromosome. Cytogenet Genome Res 2013; 139:44-51. [DOI: 10.1159/000342875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
42
|
Calderón-Fernández GM, Girotti JR, Juárez MP. Cuticular hydrocarbon pattern as a chemotaxonomy marker to assess intraspecific variability in Triatoma infestans, a major vector of Chagas' disease. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2012; 26:201-209. [PMID: 21929581 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2011.00978.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Triatoma infestans Klug (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) populations were sampled in various localities throughout most of the species' geographic range of distribution in Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Peru. In order to contribute to understanding of the diversity and population structure of this major vector of Chagas' disease, cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles were analysed by capillary gas chromatography and variations evaluated by statistical methods of classification and ordination. High levels of intrapopulation variation were detected, along with low levels of variability among populations. Based on relative amounts of the major odd-numbered straight-chain hydrocarbons n-C27 to n-C33, two hydrocarbon phenotypes were evident, unequally distributed along the species' geographic range. Analysis of CHC patterns showed that T. infestans populations segregate into two major groups consisting of an Andean group, which comprises specimens from Peru and most parts of Bolivia, and a non-Andean group, which includes all specimens from Argentina and Paraguay, together with those from Tarija (Bolivia). Pyrethroid-resistant and -susceptible specimens were differentiated based on relative amounts of some straight and monomethyl-branched hydrocarbon components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G M Calderón-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (CCT La Plata CONICET-UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Morphometric and molecular evidence of intraspecific biogeographical differentiation of Rhodnius pallescens (HEMIPTERA: REDUVIIDAE: RHODNIINI) from Colombia and Panama. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2012; 12:1975-83. [PMID: 22634278 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rhodnius pallescens is considered the main vector of Chagas disease in Panama and a relevant secondary vector in northern Colombia. Previous data reported that this species presents cytogenetically heterogeneous populations, which are probably biogeographically segregated. To provide new information on the diversity of R. pallescens, we compared several populations from Colombia and Panama based on the morphometric analyses of wings, mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) gene sequencing, and genomic DNA measurements. Although no differences in DNA amount were detected, significant differences in cyt b sequences as well as wing size and shape were identified among populations. The results obtained in this work indicate R. pallescens comprises two evolutionary lineages with genetic and morphological differences that could be explained by their geographic isolation in distinct ecological zones. These results provide new insight into R. pallescens population diversity and the underlying biological processes that shape its evolution.
Collapse
|
44
|
Moreno ML, Hoyos L, Cabido M, Catalá SS, Gorla DE. Exploring the association between Trypanosoma cruzi infection in rural communities and environmental changes in the southern Gran Chaco. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2012; 107:231-7. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762012000200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Laura Moreno
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica, Argentina
| | | | | | - Silvia Susana Catalá
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica, Argentina
| | - David Eladio Gorla
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Panzera Y, Pita S, Ferreiro MJ, Ferrandis I, Lages C, Pérez R, Silva AE, Guerra M, Panzera F. High Dynamics of rDNA Cluster Location in Kissing Bug Holocentric Chromosomes (Triatominae, Heteroptera). Cytogenet Genome Res 2012; 138:56-67. [PMID: 22907389 DOI: 10.1159/000341888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kuznetsova VG, Grozeva SM, Nokkala S, Nokkala C. Cytogenetics of the true bug infraorder Cimicomorpha (Hemiptera, Heteroptera): a review. Zookeys 2011; 154:31-70. [PMID: 22287915 PMCID: PMC3238039 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.154.1953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cimicomorpha is one of the largest and highly diversified infraorders of the Heteroptera. This group is also highly diversified cytogenetically and demonstrates a number of unusual cytogenetic characters such as holokinetic chromosomes; m-chromosomes; multiple sex chromosome systems; post-reduction of sex chromosomes in meiosis; variation in the presence/absence of chiasmata in spermatogenesis; different types of achiasmate meiosis. We present here a review of essential cytogenetic characters of the Cimicomorpha and outline the chief objectives and goals of future investigations in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Snejana M. Grozeva
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem research, BAS, Tsar Osvoboditel blvd, 1, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
| | - Seppo Nokkala
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Christina Nokkala
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Stevens L, Dorn PL, Schmidt JO, Klotz JH, Lucero D, Klotz SA. Kissing bugs. The vectors of Chagas. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2011; 75:169-92. [PMID: 21820556 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385863-4.00008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A complete picture of Chagas disease requires an appreciation of the many species of kissing bugs and their role in transmitting this disease to humans and other mammals. This chapter provides an overview of the taxonomy of the major species of kissing bugs and their evolution. Knowledge of systematics and biological kinship of these insects may contribute to novel and useful measures to control the bugs. The biology of kissing bugs, their life cycle, method of feeding and other behaviours contributing to the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi are explained. We close with a discussion of vector control measures and the allergic complications of kissing bug bites, a feature of particular importance in the United States.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lori Stevens
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Amelotti I, Romero N, Catalá SS, Gorla DE. Variability of the susceptibility to deltamethrin in Triatoma infestans: the female factor. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2011; 48:1167-1173. [PMID: 22238875 DOI: 10.1603/me11065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the variability of susceptibility to deltamethrin in putatively susceptible Triatoma infestans Klug (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), and evaluated the sample size implications on the hypotheses used in the current World Health Organization protocol for the measure of insecticide resistance in Triatominae. Following the protocol, using topical application of deltamethrin to unfed first instar nymphs of T. infestans, we found that susceptibility showed significant differences between offspring from different females, a significant association with female age, and significant interaction female x female age. Considering individual female data, three patterns of nymphal mortality were identified: one showed a strong positive relation between nymphal mortality and their mother's age, another showed high mortality with low variability and the third showed intermediate mortality with high variability along female age. The analysis suggests revision of the World Health Organization protocol for resistance detection in Triatominae, not only to take into consideration the sources of variation in susceptibility, but also the effects of sample size in relation to the significance and power probabilities of the test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Amelotti
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones, Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica, de La Rioja (CRILAR), Entre Ríos y Mendoza s/n, (5301) Anillaco, La Rioja, Argentina
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ceballos LA, Piccinali RV, Marcet PL, Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Cardinal MV, Schachter-Broide J, Dujardin JP, Dotson EM, Kitron U, Gürtler RE. Hidden sylvatic foci of the main vector of Chagas disease Triatoma infestans: threats to the vector elimination campaign? PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e1365. [PMID: 22039559 PMCID: PMC3201917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Establishing the sources of reinfestation after residual insecticide spraying is crucial for vector elimination programs. Triatoma infestans, traditionally considered to be limited to domestic or peridomestic (abbreviated as D/PD) habitats throughout most of its range, is the target of an elimination program that has achieved limited success in the Gran Chaco region in South America. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS During a two-year period we conducted semi-annual searches for triatomine bugs in every D/PD site and surrounding sylvatic habitats after full-coverage spraying of pyrethroid insecticides of all houses in a well-defined rural area in northwestern Argentina. We found six low-density sylvatic foci with 24 T. infestans in fallen or standing trees located 110-2,300 m from the nearest house or infested D/PD site detected after insecticide spraying, when house infestations were rare. Analysis of two mitochondrial gene fragments of 20 sylvatic specimens confirmed their species identity as T. infestans and showed that their composite haplotypes were the same as or closely related to D/PD haplotypes. Population studies with 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci and wing geometric morphometry consistently indicated the occurrence of unrestricted gene flow between local D/PD and sylvatic populations. Mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite sibship analyses in the most abundant sylvatic colony revealed descendents from five different females. Spatial analysis showed a significant association between two sylvatic foci and the nearest D/PD bug population found before insecticide spraying. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that, despite of its high degree of domesticity, T. infestans has sylvatic colonies with normal chromatic characters (not melanic morphs) highly connected to D/PD conspecifics in the Argentinean Chaco. Sylvatic habitats may provide a transient or permanent refuge after control interventions, and function as sources for D/PD reinfestation. The occurrence of sylvatic foci of T. infestans in the Gran Chaco may pose additional threats to ongoing vector elimination efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo A. Ceballos
- Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina V. Piccinali
- Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula L. Marcet
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Gonzalo M. Vazquez-Prokopec
- Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - M. Victoria Cardinal
- Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Judith Schachter-Broide
- Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jean-Pierre Dujardin
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Institut de Recherches pour le Développment-Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Montpellier, France
| | - Ellen M. Dotson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Uriel Kitron
- Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ricardo E. Gürtler
- Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Genetics and evolution of triatomines: from phylogeny to vector control. Heredity (Edinb) 2011; 108:190-202. [PMID: 21897436 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2011.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Triatomines are hemipteran bugs acting as vectors of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. This parasite causes Chagas disease, one of the major parasitic diseases in the Americas. Studies of triatomine genetics and evolution have been particularly useful in the design of rational vector control strategies, and are reviewed here. The phylogeography of several triatomine species is now slowly emerging, and the struggle to reconcile the phenotypic, phylogenetic, ecological and epidemiological species concepts makes for a very dynamic field. Population genetic studies using different markers indicate a wide range of population structures, depending on the triatomine species, ranging from highly fragmented to mobile, interbreeding populations. Triatomines transmit T. cruzi in the context of complex interactions between the insect vectors, their bacterial symbionts and the parasites; however, an integrated view of the significance of these interactions in triatomine biology, evolution and in disease transmission is still lacking. The development of novel genetic markers, together with the ongoing sequencing of the Rhodnius prolixus genome and more integrative studies, will provide key tools to expanding our understanding of these important insect vectors and allow the design of improved vector control strategies.
Collapse
|