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Viral agents (2nd section). Transfusion 2024; 64 Suppl 1:S19-S207. [PMID: 38394038 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
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2
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Investigation of Bufavirus and Parvovirus 4 in Patients with Gastro-Enteritis from the South-East of France. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10091151. [PMID: 34578183 PMCID: PMC8472301 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bufavirus (BuV) and human parvovirus 4 (PARV4) belong to the Parvoviridae family. We assessed BuV and PARV4 DNA presence by real-time PCR analysis in stool, blood and respiratory samples collected in patients from Marseille and Nice, two large cities in the South-East of France. Bu-V DNA was detected in diarrheic stool samples from 92 patients (3.6% of 2583 patients), particularly men and adults, and patients from the nephrology and the infectious disease departments. Among the patients with a BuV-positive stool sample and for whom at least one blood sample was available (n = 30 patients), BuV DNA was detected also in 3 blood samples. In contrast, BuV DNA was not detected in any of the respiratory samples from 23 patients with BuV-positive stool. BuV detection rate was comparable in stool samples from patients with and without diarrhea. We did not detect PARV4 DNA in any of the stool specimens (n = 2583 patients). Our results suggest that PARV4 fecal–oral transmission is rare or non-existent in the South-East of France while BuV circulates with a relatively high rate in this area.
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Asiyabi S, Marashi SM, Vahabpour R, Nejati A, Azizi-Saraji A, Mustafa AS, Baghernejad A, Shoja Z, Mansouritorghabeh H. Parvovirus 4 in Individuals with Severe Hemophilia A and Matched Control Group. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2021; 15:192-198. [PMID: 35083000 PMCID: PMC8748245 DOI: 10.18502/ijhoscr.v15i3.6849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hemophilia is a well-known bleeding disorder with worldwide distribution. Replacement therapy, using plasma-derived or recombinant coagulation factors, comprises a gold standard regimen for the treatment. Regardless of the advancements made in viral inactivation methods in the production of plasma-derived coagulation factors, the possibility of transmission of new viral infections remained as a noticeable concern yet. The aim of the current study was to investigate the status of parvovirus 4 (PARV4) in severe hemophilia A, von Willebrand disease (vWD), and healthy control. Materials and Methods: In the current case-control study, 76 patients with hemophilia and vWD and 60 individuals from their family members entered the study. Nested PCR used to determine the presence of PARV4 in study subjects (76 cases). To characterize the PARV4 genotype, positive samples subjected to sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Results: PARV4 genome detected in 11 (14.47%) patients with bleeding disorders. Among whom, nine patients (14.75%) were with severe hemophilia A and two (13.33%) patients with vWD. Only five healthy controls (8.33%) were positive for PARV4. All PARV4 sequences were found to be genotype 1. Conclusion: PARV4 infection in patients with hemophilia and vWD was higher than the control group. While detection of PARV4 DNA in patients with bleeding disorders may not necessarily reflect a clinical urgency, future investigations are needed to define the clinical significance of PARV4. It seems the detection of the virus immune signature of PARV4 infection, particularly in the context of acute and persistent infections, needs to focus on cellular and tissue targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Asiyabi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Marashi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouhollah Vahabpour
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Nejati
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Aliyeh Sadat Mustafa
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asgar Baghernejad
- School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zabiholla Shoja
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Mansouritorghabeh
- Central Diagnostic Laboratories, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Lazutka J, Simutis K, Matulis P, Petraitytė-Burneikienė R, Kučinskaitė-Kodzė I, Simanavičius M, Tamošiunas PL. Antigenicity study of the yeast-generated human parvovirus 4 (PARV4) virus-like particles. Virus Res 2020; 292:198236. [PMID: 33242523 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human parvovirus 4 (PARV4) is a novel tetraparvovirus that was isolated from intravenous drug users in 2005. Recombinant PARV4 capsid protein VP2 can form stable virus-like particles (VLPs) in yeast. These VLPs could act as antigen carriers during vaccine development. Therefore, the information about PARV4 VP2 VLP antigenic sites could advance further research in this area. In this work, human parvovirus 4 VLPs obtained from yeast were used to generate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in mice. Epitope mapping of the obtained mAbs showed at least three distinct antigenic sites of the VP2 protein. On top of that, molecular cloning was used to replace PARV4 VP2 antigenic sites with heterologous peptides. The chimeric PARV4 VLPs bearing polyhistidine inserts obtained from yeast were observed using electron microscopy while polyhistidine-specific antibodies detected heterologous peptides of the chimeric VP2 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justas Lazutka
- Department of Eukaryote Gene Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Karolis Simutis
- Department of Eukaryote Gene Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Paulius Matulis
- Department of Eukaryote Gene Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Petraitytė-Burneikienė
- Department of Eukaryote Gene Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Indrė Kučinskaitė-Kodzė
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al.7, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Martynas Simanavičius
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al.7, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Paulius Lukas Tamošiunas
- Department of Eukaryote Gene Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, Vilnius, Lithuania
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5
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Vilmane A, Terentjeva A, Tamosiunas PL, Suna N, Suna I, Petraityte-Burneikiene R, Murovska M, Rasa-Dzelzkaleja S, Nora-Krukle Z. Human Parvoviruses May Affect the Development and Clinical Course of Meningitis and Meningoencephalitis. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10060339. [PMID: 32503112 PMCID: PMC7349785 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10060339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningitis and meningoencephalitis are neurological inflammatory diseases, and although routine diagnostics include testing of a wide range of pathogens, still in many cases, no causative agent is detected. Human parvovirus B19 (B19V), human bocaviruses 1–4 (HBoV1–4), and human parvovirus 4 (hPARV4) are members of the Parvoviridae family and are associated with a wide range of clinical manifestations including neurological disorders. The main aim of this study was to determine whether human parvoviruses infection markers are present among patients with meningitis/meningoencephalitis in Latvia as well as to clarify the role of these viruses on the clinical course of the mentioned diseases. Our study revealed HBoV1–4 and B19V genomic sequences in 52.38% and 16.67% of patients, respectively. Furthermore, symptoms such as the presence of a headache and its severity, fatigue, disorientation, and difficulties to concentrate were significantly frequently present in patients with active parvovirus infection in comparison with parvoviruses negative patients, therefore we suggest that HBoV1–4 and B19V infection should be included in the diagnostics to reduce the number of meningitis/meningoencephalitis with unknown/unexplained etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anda Vilmane
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Rīga Stradiņš University, 5 Ratsupites St., LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (A.T.); (M.M.); (S.R.-D.); (Z.N.-K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +371-67060838
| | - Anna Terentjeva
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Rīga Stradiņš University, 5 Ratsupites St., LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (A.T.); (M.M.); (S.R.-D.); (Z.N.-K.)
| | - Paulius L. Tamosiunas
- Vilnius University Life Sciences Center Institute of Biotechnology, 7 Sauletekio Al., 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (P.L.T.); (R.P.-B.)
| | - Normunds Suna
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Riga East Clinical University Hospital “Gaiļezers”, 2 Hipokrata St., LV-1038 Riga, Latvia; (N.S.); (I.S.)
| | - Inga Suna
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Riga East Clinical University Hospital “Gaiļezers”, 2 Hipokrata St., LV-1038 Riga, Latvia; (N.S.); (I.S.)
| | - Rasa Petraityte-Burneikiene
- Vilnius University Life Sciences Center Institute of Biotechnology, 7 Sauletekio Al., 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (P.L.T.); (R.P.-B.)
| | - Modra Murovska
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Rīga Stradiņš University, 5 Ratsupites St., LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (A.T.); (M.M.); (S.R.-D.); (Z.N.-K.)
| | - Santa Rasa-Dzelzkaleja
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Rīga Stradiņš University, 5 Ratsupites St., LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (A.T.); (M.M.); (S.R.-D.); (Z.N.-K.)
| | - Zaiga Nora-Krukle
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Rīga Stradiņš University, 5 Ratsupites St., LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (A.T.); (M.M.); (S.R.-D.); (Z.N.-K.)
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Prakash S, Shukla S, Ramakrishna V, Mishra H, Bhagat AK, Jain A. Human Parvovirus 4: A harmless bystander or a pathogen of severe acute respiratory illness. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 90:21-25. [PMID: 31605808 PMCID: PMC7172059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. We investigated the association of PARV4 virus with SARI. PARV4 was detected in 26.55% of cases and only in one healthy control (0.68%). Detection of PARV4 is seen in a significantly large number of SARI cases. PARV4 genotype 2 was the only genotype detected from cases as well as controls.
Introduction Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, caused by a large number of viral and bacterial agents. PARV4 is a recently identified virus detected in human blood and variety of tissues, but its disease association with SARI could not be established. Objective In the present case control study, we aim to investigate the association of PARV4 with SARI. Methods The Nasal and Throat swab (NS/TS) samples of 241 cases and 146 healthy controls were tested for most common respiratory viruses and PARV4 by real-time PCR. Results PARV4 was detected in 64(26.55%) SARI cases and only one healthy control (0.68%). PARV4 was the most common viral agent detected in SARI cases. A strong association of PARV4 is seen with severe respiratory illness. Conclusion Detection of PARV4 in a significantly higher number of SARI cases, in comparison with controls, suggests association of PARV4 with SARI. PARV4 genotype 2 is the only circulating strain detected in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Prakash
- Department of Microbiology, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, UP, 226003, India.
| | - Suruchi Shukla
- Department of Microbiology, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, UP, 226003, India.
| | - Vangala Ramakrishna
- Department of Microbiology, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, UP, 226003, India.
| | - Hricha Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, UP, 226003, India.
| | - Amit K Bhagat
- Department of Microbiology, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, UP, 226003, India.
| | - Amita Jain
- Department of Microbiology, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, UP, 226003, India.
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7
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Chaves A, Ibarra-Cerdeña CN, López-Pérez AM, Monge O, Avendaño R, Ureña-Saborio H, Chavarría M, Zaldaña K, Sánchez L, Ortíz-Malavassi E, Suzan G, Foley J, Gutiérrez-Espeleta GA. Bocaparvovirus, Erythroparvovirus and Tetraparvovirus in New World Primates from Central America. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:377-387. [PMID: 31529612 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parvoviruses in the genera Bocaparvovirus (HBoV), Erythroparvovirus (B19) and Tetraparvovirus (PARV4) are the only autonomous parvoviruses known to be associated with human and non-human primates based on studies and clinical cases in humans worldwide and non-human primates in Asia and Africa. Here, the presence of these agents with pathogenic potential was assessed by PCR in blood and faeces from 55 howler monkeys, 112 white-face monkeys, 3 squirrel monkeys and 127 spider monkeys in Costa Rica and El Salvador. Overall, 3.7% (11/297) of the monkeys had HboV DNA, 0.67% (2/297) had B19 DNA, and 14.1% (42/297) had PARV4 DNA, representing the first detection of these viruses in New World Primates (NWP). Sex was significantly associated with the presence of HBoV, males having greater risk up to nine times compared with females. Captivity was associated with increased prevalence for PARV4 and when all viruses were analysed together. This study provides compelling molecular evidence of parvoviruses in NWPs and underscores the importance of future research aimed at understanding how these viruses behave in natural environments of the Neotropics and what variables may favour their presence and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Chaves
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.,Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Carlos N Ibarra-Cerdeña
- Departamento de Ecología Humana, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav), Unidad Mérida, Mérida, México
| | - Andrés M López-Pérez
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.,Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México D.F, México
| | - Otto Monge
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Roberto Avendaño
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Hilary Ureña-Saborio
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Max Chavarría
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José, Costa Rica.,Escuela de Química & CIPRONA, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Karla Zaldaña
- Asociación Territorios Vivos El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - Lucía Sánchez
- Asociación Territorios Vivos El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - Edgar Ortíz-Malavassi
- Escuela de Ingienería Forestal, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Gerardo Suzan
- Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México D.F, México
| | - Janet Foley
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Abstract
Parvoviruses are structurally simple viruses with linear single-stranded DNA genomes and nonenveloped icosahedral capsids. They infect a wide range of animals from insects to humans. Parvovirus B19 is a long-known human pathogen, whereas adeno-associated viruses are nonpathogenic. Since 2005, many parvoviruses have been discovered in human-derived samples: bocaviruses 1-4, parvovirus 4, bufavirus, tusavirus, and cutavirus. Some human parvoviruses have already been shown to cause disease during acute infection, some are associated with chronic diseases, and others still remain to be proven clinically relevant-or harmless commensals, a distinction not as apparent as it might seem. One initially human-labeled parvovirus might not even be a human virus, whereas another was originally overlooked due to inadequate diagnostics. The intention of this review is to follow the rocky road of emerging human parvoviruses from discovery of a DNA sequence to current and future clinical status, highlighting the perils along the way.
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Arankalle VA, Srivastava N, Kushwaha KP, Sen A, Ramdasi AY, Patel PA, Kuthe S, Haldipur B, Sakpal GN, Lole KS, Ingle NB. Detection of human parvovirus 4 DNA in the patients with acute encephalitis syndrome during seasonal outbreaks of the disease in Gorakhpur, India. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:130-138. [PMID: 30866767 PMCID: PMC6455185 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2018.1563455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal outbreaks of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) at Gorakhpur, India have been recognized since 2006. So far, the causative agent has not been identified. Use of next generation sequencing identified human parvovirus 4 (HPARV4) sequences in a CSF/plasma pool. These sequences showed highest identity with sequences earlier identified in similar patients from south India. Real-time PCR detected HPARV4 DNA in 20/78 (25.6%) CSF and 6/31 (19.3%) plasma of AES patients. Phylogenetic analysis classified three almost complete genomes and 24 partial NS1 sequences as genotype 2A. The observed association of HPARV4 with AES needs further evaluation. ELISAs for the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies against scrub typhus (Orientia tsutsugamushi, OT) showed ∼70% IgM/IgG positivity suggestive of etiologic association. Prospective, comprehensive studies are needed to confirm association of these agents, singly or in combination with AES in Gorakhpur region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya A Arankalle
- a National Institute of Virology, Microbial Containment Complex , Pune , India.,b Interactive Research School for Health Affairs , Pune , India
| | - Navin Srivastava
- a National Institute of Virology, Microbial Containment Complex , Pune , India
| | | | - Agnibha Sen
- a National Institute of Virology, Microbial Containment Complex , Pune , India
| | - Ashwini Y Ramdasi
- a National Institute of Virology, Microbial Containment Complex , Pune , India
| | - Priyanka A Patel
- a National Institute of Virology, Microbial Containment Complex , Pune , India
| | - Sumeet Kuthe
- a National Institute of Virology, Microbial Containment Complex , Pune , India
| | - Bangari Haldipur
- a National Institute of Virology, Microbial Containment Complex , Pune , India.,b Interactive Research School for Health Affairs , Pune , India
| | - Gajanan N Sakpal
- a National Institute of Virology, Microbial Containment Complex , Pune , India
| | - Kavita S Lole
- a National Institute of Virology, Microbial Containment Complex , Pune , India
| | - Nilesh B Ingle
- a National Institute of Virology, Microbial Containment Complex , Pune , India
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10
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Brožová K, Modrý D, Dadáková E, Mapua MI, Piel AK, Stewart FA, Celer V, Hrazdilová K. PARV4 found in wild chimpanzee faeces: an alternate route of transmission? Arch Virol 2018; 164:573-578. [PMID: 30343383 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-4073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Human parvovirus 4 (PARV4, family Parvoviridae, genus Tetraparvovirus) displays puzzling features, such as uncertain clinical importance/significance, unclear routes of transmission, and discontinuous geographical distribution. The origin, or the general reservoir, of human PARV4 infection is unknown. We aimed to detect and characterize PARV4 virus in faecal samples collected from two wild chimpanzee populations and 19 species of captive non-human primates. We aimed to investigate these species as a potential reservoir and alternate route of transmission on the African continent. From almost 500 samples screened, a single wild Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii sample tested positive. Full genome analysis, as well as single ORF phylogenies, confirmed species-specific PARV4 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Brožová
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Modrý
- Department of Pathological Morphology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic.,Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,CEITEC-VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Dadáková
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mwanahamisi I Mapua
- Department of Pathological Morphology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alex K Piel
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L33AF, UK.,Greater Mahale Ecosystem Research and Conservation Project (GMERC), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Fiona A Stewart
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L33AF, UK.,Greater Mahale Ecosystem Research and Conservation Project (GMERC), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Vladimír Celer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Hrazdilová
- CEITEC-VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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11
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Rastegarpouyani H, Mohebbi SR, Hosseini SM, Azimzadeh P, beyraghie S, Sharifian A, Asadzadeh-Aghdaei H, Arshi S, Zali MR. Detection ofParvovirus4 in Iranian patients with HBV, HCV, HIV mono-infection, HIV and HCV co-infection. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2018; 11:138-144. [PMID: 29910855 PMCID: PMC5990921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AIM In this study, we investigated the prevalence of PARV4 virus among the healthy population and four other groups of HBV infected, HCV infected, HIV infected and HIV/HCV co-infected individuals in Iran. BACKGROUND Parvovirus 4 (PARV4) was first discovered in 2005, in a hepatitis B virus-infected injecting drug user (IDU). To date, the best evidence about PARV4 transmission is parenteral roots which comes from IDU individuals. It seems that the prevalence of the virus in the normal population is very low. METHODS A total of 613 patients, including chronic HCV (n=103), HBV (n=193), HIV (n=180) infected individuals, HIV/HCV (n=34) co-infected patients and 103 healthy controls, were studied by using nested-PCR and also real-time PCR techniques. RESULTS Of those 180 samples were positive for HIV RNA, co-infection of PARV4 was detected in 3 cases (1.66%). All these three patients were male with the age of 28, 32 and 36 years (mean: 32). No statistical differences were found between HIV positive group and the healthy individuals. (P>0.05) The result of PARV4 PCR was negative in all other samples and healthy controls as well. CONCLUSION This study is the first to investigate the occurrence of PARV4 among these groups in Iran. The results show that the virus is not significant in Iranian population, even in patients with blood born infections such as HCV, HBV or even HIV patients. Further studies in other areas and various groups are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosna Rastegarpouyani
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Mohebbi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Masoud Hosseini
- Department of Microbiology and microbial biotechnology, Faculty of life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pedram Azimzadeh
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh beyraghie
- Shahid Jafari HIV Reference Laboratory, Deputy of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Sharifian
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh-Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahnam Arshi
- Shahid Jafari HIV Reference Laboratory, Deputy of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Jia J, Zhong Y, Guo Y, Huangfu C, Zhao X, Fang C, Fan R, Ma Y, Zhang J. Simultaneous detection and differentiation of human parvovirus B19 and human parvovirus 4 by an internally controlled multiplex quantitative real-time PCR. Mol Cell Probes 2017; 36:50-57. [PMID: 28863892 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) and human parvovirus 4 (PARV4) are two parvoviruses known to infect humans and transmit through blood and plasma derived medicinal products (PDMPs). Inactivation of the two parvoviruses has proven to be difficult and nucleic acid testing (NAT) would be an efficient means to exclude viruses. In this study, an internally controlled multiplex quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay for B19V and PARV4 simultaneous detection and quantification was established and evaluated. The optimized multiplex qPCR assay allowed for simultaneous detection of all of the genotypes (1-3) of B19V and PARV4, with equal limit of quantification (LOQ) of 5 copies/μL, rather than other blood-borne viruses. It had a wide dynamic range of reliable amplification linearity of at least 8 orders of magnitude. Low standard deviations (SD) of quantification cycle (Cq) values and low coefficients of variation (CV) of copy numbers for both B19V and PARV4 suggested a high level of repeatability and reproducibility for the multiplex qPCR assay. This multiplex qPCR assay can be served as a readily applicable approach to screen plasma units intended for further manufacturing into PDMPs to reduce the risk of parvoviruses infection by such products and may also be useful for the detection of B19V/PARV4 co-infection or co-existence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies & Blood Products and Substitute Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Yadi Zhong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies & Blood Products and Substitute Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Yi Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies & Blood Products and Substitute Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Shaanxi Blood Center, Xi'an 710000, China.
| | - Chaoji Huangfu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies & Blood Products and Substitute Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Xiong Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies & Blood Products and Substitute Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Chi Fang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies & Blood Products and Substitute Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Rui Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies & Blood Products and Substitute Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Yuyuan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies & Blood Products and Substitute Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Jingang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies & Blood Products and Substitute Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
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13
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Matthews PC, Sharp C, Simmonds P, Klenerman P. Human parvovirus 4 'PARV4' remains elusive despite a decade of study. F1000Res 2017; 6:82. [PMID: 28184291 PMCID: PMC5288687 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.9828.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human parvovirus 4 ('PARV4') is a small DNA tetraparvovirus, first reported in 2005. In some populations, PARV4 infection is uncommon, and evidence of exposure is found only in individuals with risk factors for parenteral infection who are infected with other blood-borne viruses. In other settings, seroprevalence studies suggest an endemic, age-associated transmission pattern, independent of any specific risk factors. The clinical impact of PARV4 infection remains uncertain, but reported disease associations include an influenza-like syndrome, encephalitis, acceleration of HIV disease, and foetal hydrops. In this review, we set out to report progress updates from the recent literature, focusing on the investigation of cohorts in different geographical settings, now including insights from Asia, the Middle East, and South America, and discussing whether attributes of viral or host populations underpin the striking differences in epidemiology. We review progress in understanding viral phylogeny and biology, approaches to diagnostics, and insights that might be gained from studies of closely related animal pathogens. Crucial questions about pathogenicity remain unanswered, but we highlight new evidence supporting a possible link between PARV4 and an encephalitis syndrome. The unequivocal evidence that PARV4 is endemic in certain populations should drive ongoing research efforts to understand risk factors and routes of transmission and to gain new insights into the impact of this virus on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa C Matthews
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Colin Sharp
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Peter Simmonds
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
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14
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Abstract
Parvovirus B19 (B19V) and human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1), members of the large Parvoviridae family, are human pathogens responsible for a variety of diseases. For B19V in particular, host features determine disease manifestations. These viruses are prevalent worldwide and are culturable in vitro, and serological and molecular assays are available but require careful interpretation of results. Additional human parvoviruses, including HBoV2 to -4, human parvovirus 4 (PARV4), and human bufavirus (BuV) are also reviewed. The full spectrum of parvovirus disease in humans has yet to be established. Candidate recombinant B19V vaccines have been developed but may not be commercially feasible. We review relevant features of the molecular and cellular biology of these viruses, and the human immune response that they elicit, which have allowed a deep understanding of pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Qiu
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | | | - Neal S Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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15
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Slavov SN, Otaguiri KK, Smid J, de Oliveira ACP, Casseb J, Martinez EZ, Covas DT, Eis-Hübinger AM, Kashima S. Human parvovirus 4 prevalence among HTLV-1/2 infected individuals in Brazil. J Med Virol 2016; 89:748-752. [PMID: 27589576 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human parvovirus 4 (PARV4), a Tetraparvovirus, has been largely found in HIV, HBV, or HCV infected individuals. However, there is no data for the PARV4 occurrence in Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1/2) infected individuals, despite similar transmission routes. Here, PARV4 viremia was evaluated in 130 HTLV infected patients under care of a Brazilian HTLV outpatient clinic. PARV4 viremia was detected in 6.2% of the HTLV-1 infected patients. Most PARV4 positives showed no evidence for parenterally transmitted infections. It is suggested that in Brazil, transmission routes of PARV4 are more complex than in Europe and North America and resemble those in Africa. J. Med. Virol. 89:748-752, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetoslav Nanev Slavov
- Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katia Kaori Otaguiri
- Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jerusa Smid
- HTLV-Outpatient Clinic, Institute of Infectious Diseases "Emilio Ribas", São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge Casseb
- HTLV-Outpatient Clinic, Institute of Infectious Diseases "Emilio Ribas", São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Investigation 56, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Zangiacomi Martinez
- Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Social Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Kashima
- Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Abstract
Parvovirus 4 (PARV4) has been associated with HIV infection in adults. We examined plasma samples from 46 HIV-infected 0-year-old to 16-year-old children for the presence of PARV4. Four children (8.7%) had detectable PARV4 IgG and 1 had IgM. The result of PARV4 polymerase chain reaction was found to be negative in all patients. PARV4 seropositivity was associated with low CD4 count but not with HIV viral load.
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17
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Chen MY, Hung CC, Lee KL. Detection of human parvovirus 4 viremia in the follow-up blood samples from seropositive individuals suggests the existence of persistent viral replication or reactivation of latent viral infection. Virol J 2015; 12:94. [PMID: 26088443 PMCID: PMC4480887 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The transmission routes for human parvovirus 4 (PARV4) infections in areas with high seroprevalence are not known. In the work described here, persistent PARV4 viral replication was investigated by conducting a longitudinal study. Methods Ten healthcare workers each provided a blood sample at the beginning of the study (first sample) and 12 months later (second sample). The paired samples were tested for PARV4-positivity by immunoblotting analysis and nested polymerase chain reactions. Results IgG antibodies against PARV4 were detected in six participants, three of whom also had IgM antibodies against PARV4. The immunoblotting results did not vary over time. PARV4 DNA was detected in the first blood sample from one participant who had IgG antibodies against PARV4 and in the second blood samples from 2 participants who had IgG and IgM antibodies against PARV4. Conclusions Detection of PARV4 DNA in the second blood samples from two seropositive participants suggests the existence of persistent PARV4 replication or reactivation of inactive virus in the tissues. The finding of persistent or intermittent PARV4 replication in individuals with past infections provides an important clue toward unraveling the non-parenteral transmission routes of PARV4 infection in areas where the virus is endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Yuan Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung Shan South Road, 1000, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Ching Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung Shan South Road, 1000, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Kuang-Lun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung Shan South Road, 1000, Taipei, Taiwan.
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18
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von Linstow ML, Rosenfeldt V, Lindberg E, Jensen L, Hedman L, Li X, Väisänen E, Hedman K, Norja P. Absence of novel human parvovirus (PARV4) in Danish mothers and children. J Clin Virol 2015; 65:23-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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19
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Marano G, Vaglio S, Pupella S, Facco G, Calizzani G, Candura F, Liumbruno GM, Grazzini G. Human Parvovirus B19 and blood product safety: a tale of twenty years of improvements. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2015; 13:184-96. [PMID: 25849894 PMCID: PMC4385066 DOI: 10.2450/2014.0174.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Marano
- Italian National Blood Centre, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Vaglio
- Italian National Blood Centre, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Pupella
- Italian National Blood Centre, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Facco
- Italian National Blood Centre, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
- Immunohaemathology and Transfusion Medicine Unit, Joint Hospital-University Institution “Città della Salute e della Scienza”, Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriele Calizzani
- Italian National Blood Centre, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Candura
- Italian National Blood Centre, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuliano Grazzini
- Italian National Blood Centre, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
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20
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Complete genome sequences of two isolates of human parvovirus 4 from patients with acute encephalitis syndrome. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/1/e01472-14. [PMID: 25635010 PMCID: PMC4319504 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01472-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human parvovirus 4 (Parv4) is a relatively new virus. Association of this virus with any human disease is yet to be established. We detected human parvovirus 4 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of two patients presenting with acute encephalitis syndrome in northern India. This is the first report of the Parv4 genome sequence from northern India.
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa C. Matthews
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amna Malik
- Department of Paediatrics, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Simmons
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Sharp
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Simmonds
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
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22
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Väisänen E, Lahtinen A, Eis-Hübinger A, Lappalainen M, Hedman K, Söderlund-Venermo M. A two-step real-time PCR assay for quantitation and genotyping of human parvovirus 4. J Virol Methods 2014; 195:106-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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23
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Maple PA, Beard S, Parry RP, Brown KE. Testing UK blood donors for exposure to human parvovirus 4 using a time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay to screen sera and Western blot to confirm reactive samples. Transfusion 2013; 53:2575-84. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter A.C. Maple
- Immunisation and Diagnosis Unit, Virus Reference Department; Public Health England; London UK
| | - Stuart Beard
- Immunisation and Diagnosis Unit, Virus Reference Department; Public Health England; London UK
| | - Ruth P. Parry
- Immunisation and Diagnosis Unit, Virus Reference Department; Public Health England; London UK
| | - Kevin E. Brown
- Immunisation and Diagnosis Unit, Virus Reference Department; Public Health England; London UK
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24
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Tamošiūnas PL, Simutis K, Kodzė I, Firantienė R, Emužytė R, Petraitytė-Burneikienė R, Zvirblienė A, Sasnauskas K. Production of human parvovirus 4 VP2 virus-like particles in yeast and their evaluation as an antigen for detection of virus-specific antibodies in human serum. Intervirology 2013; 56:271-7. [PMID: 23941824 DOI: 10.1159/000353112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human parvovirus 4 (PARV4) is a recently discovered member of the Parvoviridae family, which is not closely related to any previously discovered human parvoviruses. PARV4 has been isolated from the plasma of individuals with symptoms of acute viral infection; however, until recently PARV4 had not been associated with any disease, and its prevalence in the human population is yet to be established. METHODS The major capsid protein VP2 of PARV4 was generated in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and used for serological detection of virus-specific IgG and IgM in the sera of low-risk individuals. RESULTS One hundred and seventy serum specimens obtained from patients with acute respiratory diseases were tested for PARV4-specific IgG and IgM antibodies. Sixteen individuals (9.4%) were diagnosed as seropositive, including 6 IgM and IgG positive, 6 IgM positive/IgG negative and 4 IgG positive/IgM negative. Seven of the 16 seropositive individuals were between the ages of 3 and 11 with no evidence of parenteral exposure to PARV4 infection. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that recombinant yeast-derived VP2 protein, self-assembled to virus-like particles, can represent a useful tool when studying the seroprevalence of PARV4 infection. The presence of PARV4-specific antibodies in a low-risk group may indicate the possibility of alternative routes of virus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Tamošiūnas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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25
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Molecular evolutionary genetic analysis of emerging parvoviruses identified in pigs. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 16:369-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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26
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Prevalence of human parvovirus B19, bocavirus, and PARV4 in blood samples from the general population of China and lack of a correlation between parvovirus and hepatitis B co-infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64391. [PMID: 23737981 PMCID: PMC3667789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Few comprehensive studies have investigated viraemia caused by human parvoviruses (HPAVs) in China. A total of 1626 of blood samples were collected from non-HBV and HBV infected Chinese subjects (adults, N = 1279; children, N = 347) from south-western and south-eastern China. DNA from three HPAVs was detected in blood samples using PCR-based assays. The epidemiological profiles and association with HBV co-infection were also analysed. Of the 1626 blood samples tested, 138 (8.49%) were found to exhibit HPAV viraemia, including 3.51% with B19, 3.75% with HBoV and 2.52% with PARV4. The presence of B19 DNA in both child and adult, as well as that of PARV4 DNA in adult,from the south-western region was significantly higher than that from the south-eastern region (P = 0.006 for B19 in children; P = 0.026 for B19 in adults; and P = 0.014 for PARV4 in adult).However, the frequency of HBoV DNA in adults from the south-western region was significantly lower than that observed in adults from the south-eastern region (P = 0.001). Furthermore, HBoV was more prevalence in male (4.9%) than in female (1.4%) individuals. In addition, no significant correlation between HBV and HPAV co-infection was found using serum samples from Chinese adults. In conclusions,the molecular prevalence of three HPAVs in blood samples exhibited variation among different populations depending on area, age and gender; No association between HPAV and HBV infection in adults was found. Our data provide a basis for improving blood safety and preventing HPAV infection in China.
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27
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Human parvoviruses B19, PARV4 and bocavirus in pediatric patients with allogeneic hematopoietic SCT. Bone Marrow Transplant 2013; 48:1308-12. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2013.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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28
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May J, Drexler JF, Reber U, Sarpong N, Adjei O, Panning M, Drosten C, Eis-Hübinger AM. Human parvovirus 4 viremia in young children, Ghana. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 18:1690-2. [PMID: 23017590 PMCID: PMC3471612 DOI: 10.3201/eid1810.111836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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29
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Drexler JF, Reber U, Muth D, Herzog P, Annan A, Ebach F, Sarpong N, Acquah S, Adlkofer J, Adu-Sarkodie Y, Panning M, Tannich E, May J, Drosten C, Eis-Hübinger AM. Human parvovirus 4 in nasal and fecal specimens from children, Ghana. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 18:1650-3. [PMID: 23018024 PMCID: PMC3471610 DOI: 10.3201/eid1810.111373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonparenteral transmission might contribute to human parvovirus 4 (PARV4) infections in sub-Saharan Africa. PARV4 DNA was detected in 8 (0.83%) of 961 nasal samples and 5 (0.53%) of 943 fecal samples from 1,904 children in Ghana. Virus concentrations ≤6–7 log10 copies/mL suggest respiratory or fecal–oral modes of PARV4 transmission.
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30
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Adlhoch C, Kaiser M, Loewa A, Ulrich M, Forbrig C, Adjogoua EV, Akoua-Koffi C, Couacy-Hymann E, Leendertz SAJ, Rietschel W, Boesch C, Ellerbrok H, Schneider BS, Leendertz FH. Diversity of parvovirus 4-like viruses in humans, chimpanzees, and monkeys in hunter-prey relationships. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 18:859-62. [PMID: 22515991 PMCID: PMC3358068 DOI: 10.3201/eid1805.111849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During 2010-2011, we investigated interspecies transmission of partetraviruses between predators (humans and chimpanzees) and their prey (colobus monkeys) in Côte d'Ivoire. Despite widespread infection in all species investigated, no interspecies transmission could be detected by PCR and genome analysis. All sequences identified formed species- or subspecies (chimpanzee)-specific clusters, which supports a co-evolution hypothesis.
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31
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Norja P, Hedman L, Kantola K, Kemppainen K, Suvilehto J, Pitkäranta A, Aaltonen LM, Seppänen M, Hedman K, Söderlund-Venermo M. Occurrence of human bocaviruses and parvovirus 4 in solid tissues. J Med Virol 2012; 84:1267-73. [PMID: 22711355 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human bocaviruses 1-4 (HBoV1-4) and parvovirus 4 (PARV4) are recently discovered human parvoviruses. HBoV1 is associated with respiratory infections of young children, while HBoV2-4 are enteric viruses. The clinical manifestations of PARV4 remain unknown. The objective of this study was to determine whether the DNAs of HBoV1-4 and PARV4 persist in human tissues long after primary infection. Biopsies of tonsillar tissue, skin, and synovia were examined for HBoV1-4 DNA and PARV4 DNA by PCR. Serum samples from the tissue donors were assayed for HBoV1 and PARV4 IgG and IgM antibodies. To obtain species-specific seroprevalences for HBoV1 and for HBoV2/3 combined, the sera were analyzed after virus-like particle (VLP) competition. While HBoV1 DNA was detected exclusively in the tonsillar tissues of 16/438 individuals (3.7%), all of them ≤8 years of age. HBoV2-4 and PARV4 DNAs were absent from all tissue types. HBoV1 IgG seroprevalence was 94.9%. No subject had HBoV1 or PARV4 IgM, nor did they have PARV4 IgG. The results indicate that HBoV1 DNA occurred in a small proportion of tonsils of young children after recent primary HBoV1 infection, but did not persist long in the other tissue types studied, unlike parvovirus B19 DNA. The results obtained by the PARV4 assays are in line with previous results on PARV4 epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Norja
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Norja P, Lassila R, Makris M. Parvovirus transmission by blood products - a cause for concern? Br J Haematol 2012; 159:385-93. [PMID: 23025427 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of dual viral inactivation of clotting factor concentrates has practically eliminated infections by viruses associated with significant pathogenicity over the last 20 years. Despite this, theoretical concerns about transmission of infection have remained, as it is known that currently available viral inactivation methods are unable to eliminate parvovirus B19 or prions from these products. Recently, concern has been raised following the identification of the new parvoviruses, human parvovirus 4 (PARV4) and new genotypes of parvovirus B19, in blood products. Parvoviruses do not cause chronic pathogenicity similar to human immunodeficiency virus or hepatitis C virus, but nevertheless may cause clinical manifestations, especially in immunosuppressed patients. Manufacturers should institute measures, such as minipool polymerase chain reaction testing, to ensure that their products contain no known viruses. So far, human bocavirus, another new genus of parvovirus, has not been detected in fractionated blood products, and unless their presence can be demonstrated, routine testing during manufacture is not essential. Continued surveillance of the patients and of the safety of blood products remains an important ongoing issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Norja
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
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33
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No evidence of presence of parvovirus 4 in a Swedish cohort of severely immunocompromised children and adults. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46430. [PMID: 23050026 PMCID: PMC3458858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The recently discovered human parvovirus 4 (PARV4) has been associated with seropositivity for human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus. High prevalence is seen especially in intravenous drug users. The virus has been detected in blood products and persons who have been repeatedly transfused have shown to be a risk-group. Furthermore, reports from different parts of the world suggesting a prevalence ranging from zero to one third of the healthy population and the virus is thought to cause a latent or persistent infection. We investigated the presence of PARV4 DNA and parvovirus B19 (B19) DNA in serum from 231 severely immunocompromised cancer patients that have been exposed for blood products. Compared to B19, which was found in 3.9% of the patients, we found no evidence of PARV4. Our results may indicate a very low prevalence of the virus in Sweden, and it would be useful to measure the real PARV4 exposure of the healthy population as well as individuals with known risk factors by serology.
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34
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Delwart E. Human parvovirus 4 in the blood supply and transmission by pooled plasma-derived clotting factors: does it matter? Transfusion 2012; 52:1398-403. [PMID: 22780892 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03721.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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35
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Acute diarrhea in West African children: diverse enteric viruses and a novel parvovirus genus. J Virol 2012; 86:11024-30. [PMID: 22855485 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01427-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Parvoviruses cause a variety of mild to severe symptoms or asymptomatic infections in humans and animals. During a viral metagenomic analysis of feces from children with acute diarrhea in Burkina Faso, we identified in decreasing prevalence nucleic acids from anelloviruses, dependoviruses, sapoviruses, enteroviruses, bocaviruses, noroviruses, adenoviruses, parechoviruses, rotaviruses, cosavirus, astroviruses, and hepatitis B virus. Sequences from a highly divergent parvovirus, provisionally called bufavirus, were also detected whose NS1 and VP1 proteins showed <39% and <31% identities to those of previously known parvoviruses. Four percent of the fecal samples were PCR positive for this new parvovirus, including a related bufavirus species showing only 72% identity in VP1. The high degree of genetic divergence of these related genomes from those of other parvoviruses indicates the presence of a proposed new Parvoviridae genus containing at least two species. Studies of the tropism and pathogenicity of these novel parvoviruses will be facilitated by the availability of their genome sequences.
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36
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Lavoie M, Sharp CP, Pépin J, Pennington C, Foupouapouognigni Y, Pybus OG, Njouom R, Simmonds P. Human parvovirus 4 infection, Cameroon. Emerg Infect Dis 2012; 18:680-3. [PMID: 22469425 PMCID: PMC3309673 DOI: 10.3201/eid1804.110628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In a post hoc analysis of samples collected in 2009, we determined seroprevalence of parvovirus 4 (PARV4) among elderly Cameroonians. PARV4 seropositivity was associated with receipt of intravenous antimalarial drugs, intramuscular streptomycin, or an intramuscular contraceptive, but not hepatitis C virus seropositivity. Findings suggest parenteral acquisition of some PARV4 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Lavoie
- Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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37
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Xiao CT, Giménez-Lirola LG, Halbur PG, Opriessnig T. Increasing porcine PARV4 prevalence with pig age in the U.S. pig population. Vet Microbiol 2012; 160:290-6. [PMID: 22728123 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel parvovirus in pigs currently known as porcine PARV4 was recently discovered in pigs in Asia and Europe. The objective of this study was to investigate if porcine PARV4 is present in the U.S. pig population using a newly developed quantitative real-time PCR assay. Lung tissues obtained from 483 pigs across five different age groups with varying disease manifestations (reproductive failure/abortion, enteritis, respiratory disease, systemic/central nervous disease) were tested. While porcine PARV4 DNA was not detected in fetuses (0/28) or suckling pigs (0/15), it was detected in pigs from 10 of 16 states with increasing prevalence rates in the older pigs. Specifically, porcine PARV4 DNA was detected in 5.6% (10/178) of the nursery pigs, 18.7% (44/235) of the grow-finish pigs and 22.2% (6/27) of the mature pigs tested. Genome sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis of U.S. porcine PARV4s confirmed that they have similar genomic characteristics and 97.6-99.1% sequence identities to available porcine PARV4 sequences from China, Romania, and the U.K. Porcine PARV4 was identified in 14.4% of respiratory cases and in 11.6% of cases with a history of systemic/central nervous system disease. As strict non-diseased controls were not included in this study, a possible role of porcine PARV4 in these disease manifestations remains inconclusive. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first description of porcine PARV4 in the U.S. pig population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ting Xiao
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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38
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Mahony JB, Petrich A, Smieja M. Molecular diagnosis of respiratory virus infections. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2012; 48:217-49. [PMID: 22185616 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2011.640976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The appearance of eight new respiratory viruses, including the SARS coronavirus in 2003 and swine-origin influenza A/H1N1 in 2009, in the human population in the past nine years has tested the ability of virology laboratories to develop diagnostic tests to identify these viruses. Nucleic acid based amplification tests (NATs) for respiratory viruses were first introduced two decades ago and today are utilized for the detection of both conventional and emerging viruses. These tests are more sensitive than other diagnostic approaches, including virus isolation in cell culture, shell vial culture (SVC), antigen detection by direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) staining, and rapid enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and now form the backbone of clinical virology laboratory testing around the world. NATs not only provide fast, accurate and sensitive detection of respiratory viruses in clinical specimens but also have increased our understanding of the epidemiology of both new emerging viruses such as the pandemic H1N1 influenza virus of 2009, and conventional viruses such as the common cold viruses, including rhinovirus and coronavirus. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays introduced in the last five years detect up to 19 different viruses in a single test. Several multiplex PCR tests are now commercially available and tests are working their way into clinical laboratories. The final chapter in the evolution of respiratory virus diagnostics has been the addition of allelic discrimination and detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with antiviral resistance. These assays are now being multiplexed with primary detection and subtyping assays, especially in the case of influenza virus. These resistance assays, together with viral load assays, will enable clinical laboratories to provide physicians with new and important information for optimal treatment of respiratory virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Mahony
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, St. Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada.
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39
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Chen MY, Yang SJ, Hung CC. Placental transmission of human parvovirus 4 in newborns with hydrops, Taiwan. Emerg Infect Dis 2012; 17:1954-6. [PMID: 22000381 PMCID: PMC3310659 DOI: 10.3201/eid1710.101841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In studying the epidemiology of parvovirus 4 (PARV4) in Taiwan, we detected DNA in plasma of 3 mothers and their newborns with hydrops. In 1 additional case, only the mother had PARV4 DNA. Our findings demonstrate that PARV4 can be transmitted through the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Yuan Chen
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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40
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Benjamin LA, Lewthwaite P, Vasanthapuram R, Zhao G, Sharp C, Simmonds P, Wang D, Solomon T. Human parvovirus 4 as potential cause of encephalitis in children, India. Emerg Infect Dis 2011; 17:1484-7. [PMID: 21801629 PMCID: PMC3381555 DOI: 10.3201/eid1708.110165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate whether uncharacterized infectious agents were associated with neurologic disease, we analyzed cerebrospinal fluid specimens from 12 children with acute central nervous system infection. A high-throughput pyrosequencing screen detected human parvovirus 4 DNA in cerebrospinal fluid of 2 children with encephalitis of unknown etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Benjamin
- University of Liverpool Institute of Infection and Global Health, Liverpool, UK
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41
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Sharp CP, Lail A, Donfield S, Gomperts ED, Simmonds P. Virologic and clinical features of primary infection with human parvovirus 4 in subjects with hemophilia: frequent transmission by virally inactivated clotting factor concentrates. Transfusion 2011; 52:1482-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Discovery and genomic characterization of a novel ovine partetravirus and a new genotype of bovine partetravirus. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25619. [PMID: 21980506 PMCID: PMC3181347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Partetravirus is a recently described group of animal parvoviruses which include the human partetravirus, bovine partetravirus and porcine partetravirus (previously known as human parvovirus 4, bovine hokovirus and porcine hokovirus respectively). In this report, we describe the discovery and genomic characterization of partetraviruses in bovine and ovine samples from China. These partetraviruses were detected by PCR in 1.8% of bovine liver samples, 66.7% of ovine liver samples and 71.4% of ovine spleen samples. One of the bovine partetraviruses detected in the present samples is phylogenetically distinct from previously reported bovine partetraviruses and likely represents a novel genotype. The ovine partetravirus is a novel partetravirus and phylogenetically most related to the bovine partetraviruses. The genome organization is conserved amongst these viruses, including the presence of a putative transmembrane protein encoded by an overlapping reading frame in ORF2. Results from the present study provide further support to the classification of partetraviruses as a separate genus in Parvovirinae.
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43
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Simmons R, Sharp C, Sims S, Kloverpris H, Goulder P, Simmonds P, Bowness P, Klenerman P. High frequency, sustained T cell responses to PARV4 suggest viral persistence in vivo. J Infect Dis 2011; 203:1378-87. [PMID: 21502079 PMCID: PMC3080894 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parvovirus 4 (PARV4) is a recently identified human virus that has been found in livers of patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and in bone marrow of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). T cells are important in controlling viruses but may also contribute to disease pathogenesis. The interaction of PARV4 with the cellular immune system has not been described. Consequently, we investigated whether T cell responses to PARV4 could be detected in individuals exposed to blood-borne viruses. METHODS Interferon γ (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunospot assay, intracellular cytokine staining, and a tetrameric HLA-A*0201-peptide complex were used to define the lymphocyte populations responding to PARV4 NS peptides in 88 HCV-positive and 13 HIV-positive individuals. Antibody responses were tested using a recently developed PARV4 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS High-frequency T cell responses against multiple PARV4 NS peptides and antibodies were observed in 26% of individuals. Typical responses to the NS pools were >1000 spot-forming units per million peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CONCLUSIONS PARV4 infection is common in individuals exposed to blood-borne viruses and elicits strong T cell responses, a feature typically associated with persistent, contained infections such as cytomegalovirus. Persistence of PARV4 viral antigen in tissue in HCV-positive and HIV-positive individuals and/or the associated activated antiviral T cell response may contribute to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin Sharp
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Infectious Diseases, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Sims
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Infectious Diseases, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Kloverpris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Goulder
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Simmonds
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Infectious Diseases, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Bowness
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Lahtinen A, Kivelä P, Hedman L, Kumar A, Kantele A, Lappalainen M, Liitsola K, Ristola M, Delwart E, Sharp C, Simmonds P, Söderlund-Venermo M, Hedman K. Serodiagnosis of primary infections with human parvovirus 4, Finland. Emerg Infect Dis 2011; 17:79-82. [PMID: 21192859 PMCID: PMC3204632 DOI: 10.3201/eid1701.100750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the prevalence of parvovirus 4 infection and its clinical and sociodemographic correlations in Finland, we used virus-like particle-based serodiagnostic procedures (immunoglobulin [Ig] G, IgM, and IgG avidity) and PCR. We found 2 persons with parvovirus 4 primary infection who had mild or asymptomatic clinical features among hepatitis C virus-infected injection drug users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lahtinen
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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45
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Yang SJ, Hung CC, Chang SY, Lee KL, Chen MY. Immunoglobulin G and M antibodies to human parvovirus 4 (PARV4) are frequently detected in patients with HIV-1 infection. J Clin Virol 2011; 51:64-7. [PMID: 21353629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2011.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 01/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transmission routes of PARV4 are not completely understood. The first PARV4 serological study suggested that PARV4 is transmitted predominantly through parenteral route. OBJECTIVES To set up an immunoblot system for studying the epidemiology of PARV4 infection in HIV-1 infected patients in Taiwan. STUDY DESIGN Recombinant fusion proteins SUMOVP2 (a.a. 272-630 of PARV4 open reading frame 2) and SUMOVP3 (a.a. 604-914) were made and used as antigens in immunoblot. Plasma samples were from HIV-1 infected intravenous drug users IDU (69), homosexuals (66) and heterosexuals (68). RESULTS PARV4 IgG seropositive rate was 73.9%, 71.2% and 58.8%; IgM seropositive rate was 40.5%, 16.7% and 17.6% in IDUs, homosexuals and heterosexuals, respectively. Longitudinal samples were available from two homosexuals positive for IgM anti-PARV4, persistent IgM response was found over a period of 9 and 21 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS PARV4 is a common viral infection in HIV-1 infected homosexuals and heterosexuals in Taiwan. The detection of IgM anti-PARV4 does not always suggest recent PARV4 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiu-Ju Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung Shan South Road, 100 Taipei, Taiwan
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46
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Sharp CP, Vermeulen M, Nébié Y, Djoko CF, LeBreton M, Tamoufe U, Rimoin AW, Kayembe PK, Carr JK, Servant-Delmas A, Laperche S, Harrison GLA, Pybus OG, Delwart E, Wolfe ND, Saville A, Lefrère JJ, Simmonds P. Changing epidemiology of human parvovirus 4 infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Emerg Infect Dis 2011; 16:1605-7. [PMID: 20875290 PMCID: PMC3294412 DOI: 10.3201/eid1610.101001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human parvovirus 4 infections are primarily associated with parenteral exposure in western countries. By ELISA, we demonstrate frequent seropositivity for antibody to parvovirus 4 viral protein 2 among adult populations throughout sub-Saharan Africa (Burkina Faso, 37%; Cameroon, 25%; Democratic Republic of the Congo, 35%; South Africa, 20%), which implies existence of alternative transmission routes.
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47
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Widespread infection with homologues of human parvoviruses B19, PARV4, and human bocavirus of chimpanzees and gorillas in the wild. J Virol 2010; 84:10289-96. [PMID: 20668071 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01304-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections with human parvoviruses B19 and recently discovered human bocaviruses (HBoVs) are widespread, while PARV4 infections are transmitted parenterally and prevalent specifically in injecting drug users and hemophiliacs. To investigate the exposure and circulation of parvoviruses related to B19 virus, PARV4, and HBoV in nonhuman primates, plasma samples collected from 73 Cameroonian wild-caught chimpanzees and gorillas and 91 Old World monkey (OWM) species were screened for antibodies to recombinant B19 virus, PARV4, and HBoV VP2 antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moderate to high frequencies of seroreactivity to PARV4 (63% and 18% in chimpanzees and gorillas, respectively), HBoV (73% and 36%), and B19 virus (8% and 27%) were recorded for apes, while OWMs were uniformly negative (for PARV4 and B19 virus) or infrequently reactive (3% for HBoV). For genetic characterization, plasma samples and 54 fecal samples from chimpanzees and gorillas collected from Cameroonian forest floors were screened by PCR with primers conserved within Erythrovirus, Bocavirus, and PARV4 genera. Two plasma samples (chimpanzee and baboon) were positive for PARV4, while four fecal samples were positive for HBoV-like viruses. The chimpanzee PARV4 variant showed 18% and 15% nucleotide sequence divergence in NS and VP1/2, respectively, from human variants (9% and 7% amino acid, respectively), while the baboon variant was substantially more divergent, mirroring host phylogeny. Ape HBoV variants showed complex sequence relationships with human viruses, comprising separate divergent homologues of HBoV1 and the recombinant HBoV3 species in chimpanzees and a novel recombinant species in gorillas. This study provides the first evidence for widespread circulation of parvoviruses in primates and enables future investigations of their epidemiology, host specificity, and (co)evolutionary histories.
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48
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Potter P. There is always something new out of Africa. Emerg Infect Dis 2010; 16:1189-90. [PMID: 20587210 PMCID: PMC3321922 DOI: 10.3201/eid1607.ac1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Polyxeni Potter
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
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