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Abstract
Polyomaviruses are a family of non-enveloped DNA viruses with wide host ranges. Human polyomaviruses typically cause asymptomatic infection and establish persistence but can be reactivated under certain conditions and cause severe diseases. Most well studied polyomaviruses encode a viral miRNA that regulates viral replication and pathogenesis by targeting both viral early genes and host genes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of polyomavirus miRNAs involved in virus infection. We review in detail the regulation of polyomavirus miRNA expression, as well as the role polyomavirus miRNAs play in viral pathogenesis by controlling both host and viral gene expression. An overview of the potential application of polyomavirus miRNA as a marker for the progression of polyomaviruses associated diseases and polyomaviruses reactivation is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Michael J Imperiale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Beyond Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus: a Review of Viruses Composing the Blood Virome of Solid Organ Transplant and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients. Clin Microbiol Rev 2020; 33:33/4/e00027-20. [PMID: 32847820 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00027-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral primary infections and reactivations are common complications in patients after solid organ transplantation (SOT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Among these patients, viral infections are frequently associated with viremia. Beyond the usual well-known viruses that are part of the routine clinical management of transplant recipients, numerous other viral signatures or genomes can be identified in the blood of these patients. The identification of novel viral species and variants by metagenomic next-generation sequencing has opened up a new field of investigation and new paradigms. Thus, there is a need to thoroughly describe the state of knowledge in this field with a review of all viral infections that should be scrutinized in high-risk populations. Here, we review the eukaryotic DNA and RNA viruses identified in blood, plasma, or serum samples of pediatric and adult SOT/HSCT recipients and the prevalence of their detection, with a particular focus on recently identified viruses and those for which their potential association with disease remains to be investigated, such as members of the Polyomaviridae, Anelloviridae, Flaviviridae, and Astroviridae families. Current knowledge of the clinical significance of these viral infections with associated viremia among transplant recipients is also discussed. To ensure a comprehensive description in these two populations, individuals described as healthy (mostly blood donors) are considered for comparative purposes. The list of viruses that should be on the clinicians' radar is certainly incomplete and will expand, but the challenge is to identify those of possible clinical significance.
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Cason C, Monasta L, Zanotta N, Campisciano G, Maestri I, Tommasino M, Pawlita M, Villani S, Comar M, Delbue S. Antibody response to polyomavirus primary infection: high seroprevalence of Merkel cell polyomavirus and lymphoid tissue involvement. J Neurovirol 2018; 24:314-322. [PMID: 29330826 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-017-0612-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human polyomaviruses (HPyVs) asymptomatically infect the human population establishing latency in the host, and their seroprevalence can reach 90% in healthy adults. Few studies have focused on the pediatric population, and there are no reports regarding the seroprevalence of all the newly isolated HPyVs among Italian children. Therefore, we investigated the frequency of serum antibodies against 12 PyVs in 182 immunocompetent children from Northeast Italy, by means of a multiplex antibody detection system. Additionally, secondary lymphoid tissues were collected to analyze the presence of HPyV DNA sequences using a specific real-time PCRs or PCRs. Almost 100% of subjects were seropositive for at least one PyV. Seropositivity ranged from 3% for antibodies against simian virus 40 (SV40) in children from 0 to 3 years, to 91% for antibodies against WU polyomavirus (WUPyV) and HPyV10 in children from 8 to 17 years. The mean number of PyV for which children were seropositive increased with the increasing of age: 4 standard deviations (SD) 1.8 in the 0-3-year group, 5 (SD 1.9) in the 4-7-year group, and 6 (SD 2.2) in the 8-17-year group. JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) DNA was detected in 1% of the adenoids, WUPyV in 12% of the tonsils, and 28% of the adenoids, and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) was present in 6 and 2% of the tonsils and adenoids, respectively. Our study gives new insights on the serological evidence of exposure to PyVs during childhood, and on their possible respiratory route of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cason
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Monasta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Via dell' Istria 65/1, 34137, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nunzia Zanotta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Via dell' Istria 65/1, 34137, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Campisciano
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Via dell' Istria 65/1, 34137, Trieste, Italy
| | - Iva Maestri
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Pathology Unit of Pathologic AnatomyHistology and Cytology University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Cours Albert Thomas 150, 69372, Lyon, France
| | - Michael Pawlita
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sonia Villani
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical & Dental Sciences, University of Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20100, Milan, Italy
| | - Manola Comar
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Via dell' Istria 65/1, 34137, Trieste, Italy
| | - Serena Delbue
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical & Dental Sciences, University of Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20100, Milan, Italy.
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Gaboriaud P, Ferté M, Arnold F, Leblond V, Nicol J, Debare H, Le Meur M, Martini F, Tognon M, Touzé A. Age-specific seroprevalence of human polyomavirus 12 and Saint Louis and New Jersey polyomaviruses. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:22. [PMID: 29511157 PMCID: PMC5841233 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The presence of specific antibodies against human polyomavirus 12, Saint Louis polyomavirus and New Jersey polyomavirus was investigated by using virus-like particle-based ELISAs with serum samples from 706 Italians aged 1- to 100-years-old. The findings indicate that these polyomaviruses circulate widely in humans, with peak seroprevalence, observed at adulthood, of 97.3%, 93.3%, 57.5%, for human polyomavirus 12, Saint Louis polyomavirus and New Jersey polyomavirus, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Gaboriaud
- UMR INRA ISP 1282, team Biologie des infections à polyomavirus, Université de Tours, Tours 31, Avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Marion Ferté
- UMR INRA ISP 1282, team Biologie des infections à polyomavirus, Université de Tours, Tours 31, Avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Françoise Arnold
- UMR INRA ISP 1282, team Biologie des infections à polyomavirus, Université de Tours, Tours 31, Avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Valérie Leblond
- UMR INRA ISP 1282, team Biologie des infections à polyomavirus, Université de Tours, Tours 31, Avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Jérôme Nicol
- UMR INRA ISP 1282, team Biologie des infections à polyomavirus, Université de Tours, Tours 31, Avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Heloïse Debare
- UMR INRA ISP 1282, team BioMédicaments Antiparasitaires, Université de Tours, Tours 31, Avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Mélanie Le Meur
- UMR INRA ISP 1282, team Biologie des infections à polyomavirus, Université de Tours, Tours 31, Avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrare, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrare, Italy
| | - Antoine Touzé
- UMR INRA ISP 1282, team Biologie des infections à polyomavirus, Université de Tours, Tours 31, Avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France.
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5
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Mani J, Wang L, Hückelhoven AG, Schmitt A, Gedvilaite A, Jin N, Kleist C, Ho AD, Schmitt M. Definition and characterization of novel HLA-*A02-restricted CD8+ T cell epitopes derived from JCV polyomavirus with clinical relevance. Oncotarget 2018; 8:2485-2500. [PMID: 27705933 PMCID: PMC5356818 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human JC and BK polyomaviruses (JCV/BKV) can establish a latent infection without any clinical symptoms in healthy individuals. In immunocompromised hosts infection or reactivation of JCV and BKV can cause lethal progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and hemorrhagic cystitis, respectively. Vaccination with JCV/BKV derived antigen epitope peptides or adoptive transfer of virus-specific T cells would constitute an elegant approach to clear virus-infected cells. Furthermore, donor leukocyte infusion (DLI) is another therapeutic approach which could be helpful for patients with JCV/BKV infections.So far, only few immunodominant T cell epitopes of JCV and BKV have been described and therefore is a fervent need for the definition of novel epitopes. In this study, we identified novel T cell epitopes by screening libraries of overlapping peptides derived from the major capsid protein VP1 of JCV. Virus like particles (VLPs) were used to confirm naturally processing. Two human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-A*02-restricted epitopes were characterized by fine mapping with overlapping peptides and nonamer peptide sequences were identified. Cytokine release profile of the epitope-specific T cells was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays and by flow cytometry. We demonstrated that T cell responses were of polyfunctional nature with the potential of epitope-specific killing and cross-reactivity between JCV and BKV. These novel epitopes might constitute a new potential tool to design effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches against both polyomaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiju Mani
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela G Hückelhoven
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anita Schmitt
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alma Gedvilaite
- Department of Eukaryote Genetic Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Nan Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Hematology, ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Christian Kleist
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anthony D Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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Moens U, Song X, Van Ghelue M, Lednicky JA, Ehlers B. A Role of Sp1 Binding Motifs in Basal and Large T-Antigen-Induced Promoter Activities of Human Polyomavirus HPyV9 and Its Variant UF-1. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112414. [PMID: 29135936 PMCID: PMC5713382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human polyomavirus 9 (HPyV9) was originally detected in the serum of a renal transplant patient. Seroepidemiological studies showed that ~20-50% of the human population have antibodies against this virus. HPyV9 has not yet been associated with any disease and little is known about the route of infection, transmission, host cell tropism, and genomic variability in circulating strains. Recently, the HPyV9 variant UF-1 with an eight base-pair deletion, a thirteen base-pair insertion and with point mutations, creating three putative Sp1 binding sites in the late promoter was isolated from an AIDS patient. Transient transfection studies with a luciferase reporter plasmid driven by HPyV9 or UF1 promoter demonstrated that UF1 early and late promoters were stronger than HPyV9 promoters in most cell lines, and that the UF1 late promoter was more potently activated by HPyV9 large T-antigen (LTAg). Mutation of two Sp1 motifs strongly reduced trans-activation of the late UF1 promoter by HPyV9 LTAg in HeLa cells. In conclusion, the mutations in the UF1 late promoter seem to strengthen its activity and its response to stimulation by HPyV9 LTAg in certain cells. It remains to be investigated whether these promoter changes have an influence on virus replication and affect the possible pathogenic properties of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Moens
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Xiaobo Song
- Host Microbe Interaction Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Marijke Van Ghelue
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Northern-Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - John A Lednicky
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville , FL 32603, USA.
| | - Bernhard Ehlers
- Division 12, Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Viruses Affecting Immunocompromised Patients, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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7
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Biology, evolution, and medical importance of polyomaviruses: An update. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Fajfr M, Pliskova L, Kutova R, Matyskova-Kubisova M, Navratil P, Radocha J, Valenta Z, Dusilova-Sulkova S. Human polyomavirus 9 in immunocompromised patients in the University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. J Med Virol 2017; 89:2230-2234. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Fajfr
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology; University Hospital; Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Pliskova
- Department of Molecular Biology; Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics; University Hospital; Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Radka Kutova
- Department of Molecular Biology; Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics; University Hospital; Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Matyskova-Kubisova
- University Hospital; Haemodialysis Centre; Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Navratil
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
- Transplantation Centre of Urological Clinic; University Hospital; Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Radocha
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine-Haematology; Charles University; University Hospital; Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Valenta
- Department of Epidemiology; Faculty of Military Health Science; University of Defence; Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Sylvie Dusilova-Sulkova
- University Hospital; Haemodialysis Centre; Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
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9
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Abstract
Over the last 10 years, the number of identified polyomaviruses has grown to more than 35 subtypes, including 13 in humans. The polyomaviruses have similar genetic makeup, including genes that encode viral capsid proteins VP1, 2, and 3 and large and small T region proteins. The T proteins play a role in viral replication and have been implicated in viral chromosomal integration and possible dysregulation of growth factor genes. In humans, the Merkel cell polyomavirus has been shown to be highly associated with integration and the development of Merkel cell cancers. The first two human polyomaviruses discovered, BKPyV and JCPyV, are the causative agents for transplant-related kidney disease, BK commonly and JC rarely. JC has also been strongly associated with the development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a rare but serious infection in untreated HIV-1-infected individuals and in other immunosuppressed patients including those treated with monoclonal antibody therapies for autoimmune diseases systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, or multiple sclerosis. The trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus (TSAPyV) may be the causative agent of the rare skin disease trichodysplasia spinulosa. The remaining nine polyomaviruses have not been strongly associated with clinical disease to date. Antiviral therapies for these infections are under development. Antibodies specific for each of the 13 human polyomaviruses have been identified in a high percentage of normal individuals, indicating a high rate of exposure to each of the polyomaviruses in the human population. PCR methods are now available for detection of these viruses in a variety of clinical samples.
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Sadeghi M, Wang Y, Ramqvist T, Aaltonen LM, Pyöriä L, Toppinen M, Söderlund-Venermo M, Hedman K. Multiplex detection in tonsillar tissue of all known human polyomaviruses. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:409. [PMID: 28595595 PMCID: PMC5465560 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past few years, eleven new human viruses have joined the two previously known members JCPyV and BKPyV of the Polyomaviridae family, by virtue of molecular methods. Serology data suggest that infections with human polyomaviruses (HPyVs) occur since childhood and the viruses are widespread in the general population. However, the viral persistence sites and transmission routes are by and large unknown. Our previous studies demonstrated that the four new HPyVs - KIPyV, WUPyV, MCPyV and TSPyV - were present in the tonsils, and suggested lymphoid tissue as a persistent site of these emerging human viruses. We developed a Luminex-based multiplex assay for simultaneous detection of all 13 HPyVs known, and explored their occurrence in tonsillar tissues of children and adults mostly with tonsillitis or tonsillar hypertrophy. METHODS We set up and validated a new Luminex-based multiplex assay by using primer pairs and probes targeting the respective HPyV viral protein 1 (VP1) genes. With this assay we tested 78 tonsillar tissues for DNAs of 13 HPyVs. RESULTS The multiplex assay allowed for simultaneous detection of 13 HPyVs with high analytical sensitivity and specificity, with detection limits of 100-102 copies per microliter, and identified correctly all 13 target sequences with no cross reactions. HPyV DNA altogether was found in 14 (17.9%) of 78 tonsils. The most prevalent HPyVs were HPyV6 (7.7%), TSPyV (3.8%) and WUPyV (3.8%). Mixed infection of two HPyVs occurred in one sample. CONCLUSIONS The Luminex-based HPyV multiplex assay appears highly suitable for clinical diagnostic purposes and large-scale epidemiological studies. Additional evidence was acquired that the lymphoid system plays a role in HPyV infection and persistence. Thereby, shedding from this site during reactivation might take part in transmission of the newly found HPyVs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yilin Wang
- Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Torbjörn Ramqvist
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leena-Maija Aaltonen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lari Pyöriä
- Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Klaus Hedman
- Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital, HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
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Identification and Characterization of Novel Rat Polyomavirus 2 in a Colony of X-SCID Rats by P-PIT assay. mSphere 2016; 1:mSphere00334-16. [PMID: 28028546 PMCID: PMC5177731 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00334-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although P-PIT was developed to detect diseases associated with known human polyomaviruses, the identification of a new polyomavirus in rats suggests that it may have utility as a broad-based screen for new, as well as known polyomaviruses. Our findings suggest that RatPyV2 may be a commensal infection of laboratory rats that can lead to disseminated disease in T cell immune-deficient rats. Infection of the X-SCID rats with RatPyV2 and Pneumocystis carinii is a potential model for coinfection pathogenesis and treatment options during transplant preclinical studies. Polyomaviruses (PyVs) are known to infect a wide range of vertebrates and invertebrates and are associated with a broad spectrum of diseases, including cancers, particularly in immune-suppressed hosts. A novel polyomavirus, designated rat polyomavirus 2 (RatPyV2), was identified from a breeding colony of rats having X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency. Using a human panpolyomavirus immunohistochemistry test (P-PIT), RatPyV2 was initially detected in the parotid salivary gland of a colony member. Rolling circle amplification using DNA from harderian and parotid glands identified a novel 5.1-kb polyomavirus genome closely related to human Washington University (WU) and Karolinska Institute (KI) and vole polyomaviruses but notably divergent from Rattus norvegicus PyV1 (RnorPyV1; also designated RatPyV1). Further screening showed RatPyV2 inclusion body infection in the lung epithelium and variably in other respiratory, reproductive, and glandular tissues of 12/12 (100%) rats. IMPORTANCE Although P-PIT was developed to detect diseases associated with known human polyomaviruses, the identification of a new polyomavirus in rats suggests that it may have utility as a broad-based screen for new, as well as known polyomaviruses. Our findings suggest that RatPyV2 may be a commensal infection of laboratory rats that can lead to disseminated disease in T cell immune-deficient rats. Infection of the X-SCID rats with RatPyV2 and Pneumocystis carinii is a potential model for coinfection pathogenesis and treatment options during transplant preclinical studies.
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12
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Mazzoni E, Guerra G, Casali MV, Pietrobon S, Bononi I, Puozzo A, Tagliapietra A, Nocini PF, Tognon M, Martini F. Antibodies Against Mimotopes of Simian Virus 40 Large T Antigen, the Oncoprotein, in Serum Samples From Elderly Healthy Subjects. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:176-81. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mazzoni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology; Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Giovanni Guerra
- Clinical Laboratory Analysis; University Hospital; Ferrara Italy
| | | | - Silvia Pietrobon
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology; Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Ilaria Bononi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology; Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Andrea Puozzo
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology; Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Andrea Tagliapietra
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology; Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | | | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology; Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology; Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
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13
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Gossai A, Waterboer T, Nelson HH, Doherty JA, Michel A, Willhauck-Fleckenstein M, Farzan SF, Christensen BC, Hoen AG, Perry AE, Pawlita M, Karagas MR. Prospective Study of Human Polyomaviruses and Risk of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 25:736-44. [PMID: 26908434 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Merkel cell polyomavirus (PyV) is causally related to Merkel cell carcinoma, a rare skin malignancy. Little is known about the serostability of other PyVs over time or associations with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS As part of a U.S. nested case-control study, antibody response against the PyV VP1 capsid proteins of BK and John Cunningham virus (JC) was measured using multiplex serology on 113 SCC cases and 229 gender, age, and study center-matched controls who had a prior keratinocyte cancer. Repeated serum samples from controls and both pre and postdiagnosis samples from a subset of SCC cases were also tested. Odds ratios (OR) for SCC associated with seropositivity to each PyV type were estimated using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS Among controls, BK and JC seroreactivity was stable over time, with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.86 for BK and 0.94 for JC. Among cases, there was little evidence of seroconversion following SCC diagnosis. JC seropositivity prior to diagnosis was associated with an elevated risk of SCC (OR = 2.54; 95% CI, 1.23-5.25), and SCC risk increased with increasing quartiles of JC (Ptrend = 0.004) and BK (Ptrend = 0.02) seroreactivity. CONCLUSIONS PyV antibody levels were stable over time and following an SCC diagnosis. A history of PyV infection may be involved in the occurrence of SCC in a population at high risk for this malignancy. IMPACT A single measure of PyV seroreactivity appears a reliable indicator of long-term antibody status, and PyV exposure may be a risk factor for subsequent SCC. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(5); 736-44. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anala Gossai
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Tim Waterboer
- German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heather H Nelson
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jennifer A Doherty
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire. Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Angelika Michel
- German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire. Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Brock C Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire. Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Anne G Hoen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire. Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Ann E Perry
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Michael Pawlita
- German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire. Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.
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14
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Gossai A, Waterboer T, Nelson HH, Michel A, Willhauck-Fleckenstein M, Farzan SF, Hoen AG, Christensen BC, Kelsey KT, Marsit CJ, Pawlita M, Karagas MR. Seroepidemiology of Human Polyomaviruses in a US Population. Am J Epidemiol 2016; 183:61-9. [PMID: 26667254 PMCID: PMC5006224 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwv155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyomaviruses (PyV) are potentially tumorigenic in humans. However, limited data exist on the population seroprevalence of PyVs and individual characteristics that relate to seropositivity. Using multiplex serology, we determined the seroprevalence of 10 human PyVs (BK, JC, KI, WU, MCV, HPyV6, HPyV7, TSV, HPyV9, and HPyV10) among controls from a population-based skin cancer case-control study (n = 460) conducted in New Hampshire between 1993 and 1995. On a subset of participants (n = 194), methylation at CpG dinucleotides across the genome was measured in peripheral blood using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadChip array (Illumina Inc., San Diego, California), from which lymphocyte subtype proportions were inferred. All participants were seropositive for at least 1 PyV, with seroprevalences ranging from 17.6% (HPyV9) to 99.1% (HPyV10). Seropositivity to JC, MCV, and HPyV7 increased with age. JC and TSV seropositivity were more common among men than among women. Smokers were more likely to be HPyV9-seropositive but MCV-seronegative, and HPyV7 seropositivity was associated with prolonged glucocorticoid use. Based on DNA methylation profiles, differences were observed in CD8-positive T- and B-cell proportions by BK, JC, and HPyV9 seropositivity. Our findings suggest that PyV seropositivity is common in the United States and varies by sociodemographic and biological characteristics, including those related to immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Correspondence to Dr. Margaret R. Karagas, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756 (e-mail: )
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15
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Šroller V, Hamšíková E, Ludvíková V, Musil J, Němečková Š, Saláková M. Seroprevalence rates of HPyV6, HPyV7, TSPyV, HPyV9, MWPyV and KIPyV polyomaviruses among the healthy blood donors. J Med Virol 2015; 88:1254-61. [PMID: 26630080 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Human polyomaviruses HPyV6, HPyV7, TSPyV, HPyV9, MWPyV, and KIPyV have been discovered between 2007 and 2012. TSPyV causes a rare skin disease trichodysplasia spinulosa in immunocompromised patients, the role of remaining polyomaviruses in human pathology is not clear. In this study, we assessed the occurrence of serum antibodies against above polyomaviruses in healthy blood donors. Serum samples were examined by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), using virus-like particles (VLPs) based on the major VP1 capsid proteins of these viruses. Overall, serum antibodies against HPyV6, HPyV7, TSPyV, HPyV9, MWPyV, and KIPyV were found in 88.2%, 65.7%, 63.2%, 31.6%, 84.4%, and 58%, respectively, of this population. The seroprevalence generally increased with age, the highest rise we observed for HPyV9 and KIPyV specific antibodies. The levels of anti-HPyV antibodies remained stable across the age-groups, except for TSPyV and HPyV9, where we saw change with age. ELISAs based on VLP and GST-VP1 gave comparable seroprevalence for HPyV6 antibodies (88.2% vs.85.3%) but not for HPyV7 antibodies (65.7% vs. 77.2%), suggesting some degree of crossreactivity between HPyV6 and HPyV7 VP1 proteins. In conclusion, these results provide evidence that human polyomaviruses HPyV6, HPyV7, TSPyV, HPyV9, MwPyV, and KIPyV circulate widely in the Czech population and their seroprevalence is comparable to other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtěch Šroller
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion (IHBT), Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Hamšíková
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion (IHBT), Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Viera Ludvíková
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion (IHBT), Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Musil
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion (IHBT), Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Němečková
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion (IHBT), Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Saláková
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion (IHBT), Prague 2, Czech Republic
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16
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Arnold F, Hober D, Chaussade H, Dumarest M, Sané F, Nowakowsjki M, Rigaud E, Bellalou J, Desailloud R, Coursaget P, Eloit M. Antibodies to VP1 of swine pasivirus in humans without evidence of transmission from a pig source. J Clin Virol 2015. [PMID: 26209375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Swine pasivirus (SPaV1) is a recently described enteric virus close to human parechoviruses and highly prevalent in pigs. Antibodies to Escherichia coli-expressed VP1 of SpaV1 have been found in a majority of humans in China. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to estimate the antibody prevalence in a European country, to test if exposure to the virus was linked to pig products and if this exposure was a risk factor for the development of diabetes type 1. STUDY DESIGN An ELISA test was developed and used to screen 842 healthy subjects with known exposure to pig products, 39 patients with diabetes type 1 and 20 controls. RESULTS We identified a high seroprevalence (15.6%) reacting to VP1 of SPaV1 among healthy human subjects. Analysis of risk factors argues against cross-species transmission from pigs as the source of infection. Data also indicate that the presence of SPaV1 VP1-binding antibodies is not associated with diabetes type 1 in humans. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the seroreactivity frequently found in humans against SpaV1 is due to cross-reactivity with related antigen, perhaps a picornavirus, and that SpaV1 is not a zoonotic virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francoise Arnold
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France; UMR INRA 1282, Tours, France
| | - Didier Hober
- Université Lille 2 Faculté de Médecine, CHRU Lille Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Loos-lez-Lille, 59120, France
| | - Hélène Chaussade
- University Hospital, Infectious Diseases Department, Tours, France
| | - Marine Dumarest
- Institut Pasteur, Laboratory of Pathogen Discovery, Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, F-75724 Paris, France
| | - Famara Sané
- Université Lille 2 Faculté de Médecine, CHRU Lille Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Loos-lez-Lille, 59120, France
| | - Mireille Nowakowsjki
- Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme de Production de Protéines Recombinantes, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Emma Rigaud
- Mutualité Sociale Agricole, Bagnolet, France
| | - Jacques Bellalou
- Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme de Production de Protéines Recombinantes, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Marc Eloit
- Institut Pasteur, Laboratory of Pathogen Discovery, Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, F-75724 Paris, France; PathoQuest, Bâtiment François Jacob, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
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17
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Robles C, Casabonne D, Benavente Y, Costas L, Gonzalez-Barca E, Aymerich M, Campo E, Tardon A, Jiménez-Moleón JJ, Castaño-Vinyals G, Dierssen-Sotos T, Michel A, Kranz L, Aragonés N, Pollan M, Kogevinas M, Pawlita M, de Sanjose S. Seroreactivity against Merkel cell polyomavirus and other polyomaviruses in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, the MCC-Spain study. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:2286-2292. [PMID: 25920529 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) has been suspected to cause chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) but previous data are inconsistent. We measured seroreactivities of nine polyomaviruses (MCPyV, BKPyV, JCPyV, LPyV, KIPyV, WUPyV, HPyV-6, HPyV-7 and TSPyV) in 359 CLL cases and 370 controls using bead-based multiplex serology technology. We additionally tested two herpesviruses (HSV-1 and CMV). Associations between disease and viral seroreactivities were assessed using logistic regression. All human viruses showed high seroprevalences (69-99%) against structural proteins in controls but significantly lower viral seroprevalences in cases (58-94%; OR range = 0.21-0.70, P value < 0.05), except for MCPyV (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.54-1.16). Lower seroreactivity levels were observed among CLL subjects, with significant differences already observed at early stages of disease, unrelated to treatment status. Seroreactivities against polyomavirus related oncoproteins were almost null. Our data suggest no association for MCPyV polyomavirus with CLL development and an unlikely association for other polyomaviruses tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Robles
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Unit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Institut Catala d'Oncologia - Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Delphine Casabonne
- Unit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Institut Catala d'Oncologia - Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yolanda Benavente
- Unit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Institut Catala d'Oncologia - Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Costas
- Unit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Institut Catala d'Oncologia - Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Gonzalez-Barca
- Hematology Department, Institut Catala d'Oncologia - Catalan Institute of Oncology, , IDIBELL, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Aymerich
- Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elias Campo
- Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adonina Tardon
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Oncología, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - José J Jiménez-Moleón
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Servicio Andaluz de Salud/Universidad de Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Gemma Castaño-Vinyals
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trinidad Dierssen-Sotos
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria - IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Angelika Michel
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, Infection and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), , 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena Kranz
- Department of Genome Modifications and Carcinogenesis, Infection and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nuria Aragonés
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Center of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,IIS Puerta de Hierro, 28222 Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Marina Pollan
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Center of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,IIS Puerta de Hierro, 28222 Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- National School of Public Health, Athens AL 35611, Greece.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Department of Genome Modifications and Carcinogenesis, Infection and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silvia de Sanjose
- Unit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Institut Catala d'Oncologia - Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Fleury MJJ, Nicol JTJ, Samimi M, Arnold F, Cazal R, Ballaire R, Mercey O, Gonneville H, Combelas N, Vautherot JF, Moreau T, Lorette G, Coursaget P, Touzé A. Identification of the neutralizing epitopes of Merkel cell polyomavirus major capsid protein within the BC and EF surface loops. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121751. [PMID: 25812141 PMCID: PMC4374900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is the first polyomavirus clearly associated with a human cancer, i.e. the Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). Polyomaviruses are small naked DNA viruses that induce a robust polyclonal antibody response against the major capsid protein (VP1). However, the polyomavirus VP1 capsid protein epitopes have not been identified to date. The aim of this study was to identify the neutralizing epitopes of the MCPyV capsid. For this goal, four VP1 mutants were generated by insertional mutagenesis in the BC, DE, EF and HI loops between amino acids 88-89, 150-151, 189-190, and 296-297, respectively. The reactivity of these mutants and wild-type VLPs was then investigated with anti-VP1 monoclonal antibodies and anti-MCPyV positive human sera. The findings together suggest that immunodominant conformational neutralizing epitopes are present at the surface of the MCPyV VLPs and are clustered within BC and EF loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime J J Fleury
- L'UNAM Université, Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, UPRES EA 3142, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Jérôme T J Nicol
- UMR INRA 1282, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université François Rabelais, PRES Centre-Val de Loire Université, Tours, France
| | - Mahtab Samimi
- UMR INRA 1282, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université François Rabelais, PRES Centre-Val de Loire Université, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours-Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Dermatologie, Tours, France
| | - Françoise Arnold
- UMR INRA 1282, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université François Rabelais, PRES Centre-Val de Loire Université, Tours, France
| | - Raphael Cazal
- UMR INRA 1282, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université François Rabelais, PRES Centre-Val de Loire Université, Tours, France
| | - Raphaelle Ballaire
- UMR INRA 1282, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université François Rabelais, PRES Centre-Val de Loire Université, Tours, France
| | - Olivier Mercey
- UMR INRA 1282, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université François Rabelais, PRES Centre-Val de Loire Université, Tours, France
| | - Hélène Gonneville
- UMR INRA 1282, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université François Rabelais, PRES Centre-Val de Loire Université, Tours, France
| | - Nicolas Combelas
- UMR INRA 1282, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université François Rabelais, PRES Centre-Val de Loire Université, Tours, France
| | | | - Thierry Moreau
- UMR INSERM 1100, Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation, Faculté de Médecine, Université François Rabelais, PRES Centre-Val de Loire Université, Tours, France
| | - Gérard Lorette
- UMR INRA 1282, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université François Rabelais, PRES Centre-Val de Loire Université, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours-Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Dermatologie, Tours, France
| | - Pierre Coursaget
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université François Rabelais, PRES Centre-Val de Loire Université, Tours, France
| | - Antoine Touzé
- UMR INRA 1282, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université François Rabelais, PRES Centre-Val de Loire Université, Tours, France
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19
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van der Meijden E, Wunderink HF, van der Blij-de Brouwer CS, Zaaijer HL, Rotmans JI, Bavinck JNB, Feltkamp MCW. Human polyomavirus 9 infection in kidney transplant patients. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 20:991-9. [PMID: 24866095 PMCID: PMC4036759 DOI: 10.3201/eid2006.140055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This virus is frequently found within the first year after transplantation and in association with BK polyomavirus infection. Several human polyomaviruses of unknown prevalence and pathogenicity have been identified, including human polyomavirus 9 (HPyV9). To determine rates of HPyV9 infection among immunosuppressed patients, we screened serum samples from 101 kidney transplant patients in the Netherlands for HPyV9 DNA and seroreactivity. A total of 21 patients had positive results for HPyV9 DNA; positivity rates peaked at 3 months after transplantation, but the highest viral loads were measured just after transplantation. During 18 months of follow-up, HPyV9 seroprevalence increased from 33% to 46% among transplant patients; seroprevalence remained stable at ≈30% in a control group of healthy blood donors in whom no HPyV9 DNA was detected. Further analysis revealed an association between detection of HPyV9 and detection of BK polyomavirus but not of cytomegalovirus. Our data indicate that HPyV9 infection is frequent in kidney transplant patients, but the nature of infection—endogenous or donor-derived—and pathogenic potential of this virus remain unknown.
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20
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Lednicky JA, Butel JS, Luetke MC, Loeb JC. Complete genomic sequence of a new Human polyomavirus 9 strain with an altered noncoding control region. Virus Genes 2014; 49:490-2. [PMID: 25260554 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-014-1119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A complete Human polyomavirus 9 (HPyV9) genome, designated HPyV9 UF-1, was amplified by rolling circle DNA amplification from DNA extracted from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of an AIDS patient. The noncoding control (enhancer/promoter) region (NCCR) of HPyV9 UF-1 has one less AML-1a binding site and three more potential Sp1/GC box binding sites than the NCCRs of two previously described HPyV9 genomes. Nucleotide polymorphisms within the coding regions result in two amino acid differences in the deduced VP2 and VP3 proteins of HPyV9 UF-1 relative to those of the two previously described HPyV9 genomes. Exhaustive attempts to detect HPyV9 in DNA samples extracted from the PBMC of 40 healthy humans and 9 other AIDS patients were unsuccessful, highlighting the need for improved search strategies and optimal specimens for the detection of HPyV9 in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Lednicky
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Box 100188, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0188, USA,
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21
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Nicol JTJ, Liais E, Potier R, Mazzoni E, Tognon M, Coursaget P, Touzé A. Serological cross-reactivity between Merkel cell polyomavirus and two closely related chimpanzee polyomaviruses. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97030. [PMID: 24816721 PMCID: PMC4016208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetic analyses based on the major capsid protein sequence indicate that Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) and chimpanzee polyomaviruses (PtvPyV1, PtvPyV2), and similarly Trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus (TSPyV) and the orangutan polyomavirus (OraPyV1) are closely related. The existence of cross-reactivity between these polyomaviruses was therefore investigated. The findings indicated serological identity between the two chimpanzee polyomaviruses investigated and a high level of cross-reactivity with Merkel cell polyomavirus. In contrast, cross-reactivity was not observed between TSPyV and OraPyV1. Furthermore, specific antibodies to chimpanzee polyomaviruses were detected in chimpanzee sera by pre-incubation of sera with the different antigens, but not in human sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme T. J. Nicol
- Université François Rabelais, Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires, Tours, France
- INRA UMR 1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Tours, France
| | - Etienne Liais
- Université François Rabelais, Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires, Tours, France
- INRA UMR 1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Tours, France
| | - Romain Potier
- Association Beauval Nature pour la Conservation et la Recherche, Saint Aignan sur Cher, France
| | - Elisa Mazzoni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pierre Coursaget
- Université François Rabelais, Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires, Tours, France
| | - Antoine Touzé
- Université François Rabelais, Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires, Tours, France
- INRA UMR 1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Tours, France
- * E-mail:
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22
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Wieland U, Silling S, Hellmich M, Potthoff A, Pfister H, Kreuter A. Human polyomaviruses 6, 7, 9, 10 and Trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus in HIV-infected men. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:928-932. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.061259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, several novel human polyomaviruses (HPyVs) have been detected. HPyV6, 7, 9 and 10 are not associated with any disease so far. Trichodysplasia spinulosa (TS)-associated polyomavirus (TSPyV) can cause the rare skin disease TS. We have evaluated cutaneous DNA prevalence and viral loads of five HPyVs in HIV-infected men compared to healthy male controls. 449 forehead swabs were analysed by HPyV-specific real-time PCR. HPyV6, HPyV7, TSPyV and HPyV10 were found significantly more frequently on the skin of 210 HIV-infected compared to 239 HIV-negative men (HPyV6, 39.0 vs 27.6 %; HPyV7, 21.0 vs 13.4 %; TSPyV, 3.8 vs 0.8 %; HPyV10, 9.3 vs 3.4 %; P<0.05, respectively). HPyV9 was not detected. Multiple infections were more frequent in HIV-positive men, but HPyV-DNA loads did not differ significantly in both groups. In contrast to HPyV6, 7 and 10, TSPyV and HPyV9 do not seem to be a regular part of the human skin microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Wieland
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, 50935 Koeln, Germany
| | - Steffi Silling
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, 50935 Koeln, Germany
| | - Martin Hellmich
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Cologne, 50937 Koeln, Germany
| | - Anja Potthoff
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Herbert Pfister
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, 50935 Koeln, Germany
| | - Alexander Kreuter
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
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Crystallographic and glycan microarray analysis of human polyomavirus 9 VP1 identifies N-glycolyl neuraminic acid as a receptor candidate. J Virol 2014; 88:6100-11. [PMID: 24648448 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03455-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Human polyomavirus 9 (HPyV9) is a closely related homologue of simian B-lymphotropic polyomavirus (LPyV). In order to define the architecture and receptor binding properties of HPyV9, we solved high-resolution crystal structures of its major capsid protein, VP1, in complex with three putative oligosaccharide receptors identified by glycan microarray screening. Comparison of the properties of HPyV9 VP1 with the known structure and glycan-binding properties of LPyV VP1 revealed that both viruses engage short sialylated oligosaccharides, but small yet important differences in specificity were detected. Surprisingly, HPyV9 VP1 preferentially binds sialyllactosamine compounds terminating in 5-N-glycolyl neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) over those terminating in 5-N-acetyl neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), whereas LPyV does not exhibit such a preference. The structural analysis demonstrated that HPyV9 makes specific contacts, via hydrogen bonds, with the extra hydroxyl group present in Neu5Gc. An equivalent hydrogen bond cannot be formed by LPyV VP1. IMPORTANCE The most common sialic acid in humans is 5-N-acetyl neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), but various modifications give rise to more than 50 different sialic acid variants that decorate the cell surface. Unlike most mammals, humans cannot synthesize the sialic acid variant 5-N-glycolyl neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) due to a gene defect. Humans can, however, still acquire this compound from dietary sources. The role of Neu5Gc in receptor engagement and in defining viral tropism is only beginning to emerge, and structural analyses defining the differences in specificity for Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc are still rare. Using glycan microarray screening and high-resolution protein crystallography, we have examined the receptor specificity of a recently discovered human polyomavirus, HPyV9, and compared it to that of the closely related simian polyomavirus LPyV. Our study highlights critical differences in the specificities of both viruses, contributing to an enhanced understanding of the principles that underlie pathogen selectivity for modified sialic acids.
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Different serologic behavior of MCPyV, TSPyV, HPyV6, HPyV7 and HPyV9 polyomaviruses found on the skin. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81078. [PMID: 24278381 PMCID: PMC3836759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyomavirus family is rapidly expanding with twelve new human viruses identified since 2007. A significant number of the new human polyomaviruses (HPyV) has been found on the skin. Whether these viruses share biological properties and should be grouped together is unknown. Here we investigated the serological behavior of cutaneous HPyVs in a general population. 799 sera from immunocompetent Australian individuals aged between 0-87 were analyzed with a Luminex xMAP technology-based immunoassay for the presence of VP1-directed IgG antibodies against MCPyV, HPyV6, HPyV7, TSPyV, HPyV9, and BKPyV as a control. Except for HPyV9, overall seropositivity was high for the cutanous polyomaviruses (66-81% in adults), and gradually increased with age. Children below 6 months displayed seropositivity rates comparable to the adults, indicative of maternal antibodies. TSPyV seroreactivity levels strongly increased after age 2 and waned later in life comparable to BKPyV, whereas MCPyV, HPyV6 and HPyV7 seroreactivity remained rather stable throughout. Based on the identified serologic profiles, MCPyV seems to cluster with HPyV6 and HPyV7, and TSPyV and HPyV9 by themselves. These profiles indicate heterogeneity among cutaneous polyomaviruses and probably reflect differences in exposure and pathogenic behavior of these viruses.
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Sroller V, Hamšíková E, Ludvíková V, Vochozková P, Kojzarová M, Fraiberk M, Saláková M, Morávková A, Forstová J, Němečková S. Seroprevalence rates of BKV, JCV, and MCPyV polyomaviruses in the general Czech Republic population. J Med Virol 2013; 86:1560-8. [PMID: 24214630 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
JC and BK polyomaviruses (JCV and BKV) infect humans and can cause severe illnesses in immunocompromised patients. Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) can be found in skin carcinomas. In this study, we assessed the occurrence of serum antibodies against MCPyV, BKV, and JCV polyomaviruses in a healthy population of the Czech Republic. Serum samples from 991 healthy individuals (age range: 6-64 years) were examined by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) using virus-like particles (VLPs) based on the major VP1 capsid proteins of these viruses. Overall, serum antibodies against MCPyV, JCV, and BKV were found in 63%, 57%, and 69%, respectively, of this population. For all three viruses, these rates were associated with age; the occurrence of antibodies against MCPyV and JCV was highest for those older than 59 years, while the occurrence of antibodies against BKV was highest in those aged 10-19 years and 20-29 years. This is the first large study to determine the seroprevalence rates for BKV, JCV, and MCPyV polyomaviruses in the general Czech Republic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtěch Sroller
- Department of Experimental Virology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion (IHBT), Prague, Czech Republic
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26
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Abstract
The seroprevalence of the recently discovered human Malawi polyomavirus (MWPyV) was determined by virus-like particle-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in age-stratified Italian subjects. The findings indicated that MWPyV infection occurs early in life, and seroprevalence was shown to reach 42% in adulthood.
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27
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Teunissen EA, de Raad M, Mastrobattista E. Production and biomedical applications of virus-like particles derived from polyomaviruses. J Control Release 2013; 172:305-321. [PMID: 23999392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs), aggregates of capsid proteins devoid of viral genetic material, show great promise in the fields of vaccine development and gene therapy. These particles spontaneously self-assemble after heterologous expression of viral structural proteins. This review will focus on the use of virus-like particles derived from polyomavirus capsid proteins. Since their first recombinant production 27 years ago these particles have been investigated for a myriad of biomedical applications. These virus-like particles are safe, easy to produce, can be loaded with a broad range of diverse cargoes and can be tailored for specific delivery or epitope presentation. We will highlight the structural characteristics of polyomavirus-derived VLPs and give an overview of their applications in diagnostics, vaccine development and gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A Teunissen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Markus de Raad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Enrico Mastrobattista
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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28
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Ehlers B, Wieland U. The novel human polyomaviruses HPyV6, 7, 9 and beyond. APMIS 2013; 121:783-95. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Ehlers
- Division 12 ‘Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Viruses Affecting Immunocompromised Patients’; Robert Koch-Institute; Berlin; Germany
| | - Ulrike Wieland
- National Reference Centre for Papilloma- and Polyomaviruses; Institute of Virology; University of Cologne; Koeln; Germany
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29
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Moens U, Van Ghelue M, Song X, Ehlers B. Serological cross-reactivity between human polyomaviruses. Rev Med Virol 2013; 23:250-64. [DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Moens
- University of Tromsø, Faculty of Health Sciences; Department of Medical Biology; Tromsø Norway
| | - Marijke Van Ghelue
- University Hospital of Northern-Norway; Department of Medical Genetics; Tromsø Norway
| | - Xiaobo Song
- University of Tromsø, Faculty of Health Sciences; Department of Medical Biology; Tromsø Norway
| | - Bernhard Ehlers
- Robert Koch Institute; Department of Infectious Diseases; Berlin Germany
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30
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Human polyomavirus reactivation: disease pathogenesis and treatment approaches. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:373579. [PMID: 23737811 PMCID: PMC3659475 DOI: 10.1155/2013/373579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
JC and BK polyomaviruses were discovered over 40 years ago and have become increasingly prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality in a variety of distinct, immunocompromised patient cohorts. The recent discoveries of eight new members of the Polyomaviridae family that are capable of infecting humans suggest that there are more to be discovered and raise the possibility that they may play a more significant role in human disease than previously understood. In spite of this, there remains a dearth of specific therapeutic options for human polyomavirus infections and an incomplete understanding of the relationship between the virus and the host immune system. This review summarises the human polyomaviruses with particular emphasis on pathogenesis in those directly implicated in disease aetiology and the therapeutic options available for treatment in the immunocompromised host.
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Kazem S, van der Meijden E, Feltkamp MCW. Thetrichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus: virological background and clinical implications. APMIS 2013; 121:770-82. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siamaque Kazem
- Department of Medical Microbiology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden; the Netherlands
| | - Els van der Meijden
- Department of Medical Microbiology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden; the Netherlands
| | - Mariet C. W. Feltkamp
- Department of Medical Microbiology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden; the Netherlands
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32
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Abstract
During the past 6 years, focused virus hunting has led to the discovery of nine new human polyomaviruses, including Merkel cell polyomavirus, which has been linked to Merkel cell carcinoma, a lethal skin cell cancer. The discovery of so many new and highly divergent human polyomaviruses raises key questions regarding their evolution, tropism, latency, reactivation, immune evasion and contribution to disease. This Review describes the similarities and differences among the new human polyomaviruses and discusses how these viruses might interact with their human host.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A DeCaprio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
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Feltkamp MCW, Kazem S, van der Meijden E, Lauber C, Gorbalenya AE. From Stockholm to Malawi: recent developments in studying human polyomaviruses. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:482-496. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.048462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Until a few years ago the polyomavirus family (Polyomaviridae) included a dozen viruses identified in avian and mammalian hosts. Two of these, the JC and BK-polyomaviruses isolated a long time ago, are known to infect humans and cause severe illness in immunocompromised hosts. Since 2007 an unprecedented number of eight novel polyomaviruses were discovered in humans. Among them are the KI- and WU-polyomaviruses identified in respiratory samples, the Merkel cell polyomavirus found in skin carcinomas and the polyomavirus associated with trichodysplasia spinulosa, a skin disease of transplant patients. Another four novel human polyomaviruses were identified, HPyV6, HPyV7, HPyV9 and the Malawi polyomavirus, so far not associated with any disease. In the same period several novel mammalian polyomaviruses were described. This review summarizes the recent developments in studying the novel human polyomaviruses, and touches upon several aspects of polyomavirus virology, pathogenicity, epidemiology and phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariet C. W. Feltkamp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Siamaque Kazem
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Els van der Meijden
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Lauber
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander E. Gorbalenya
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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34
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White MK, Gordon J, Khalili K. The rapidly expanding family of human polyomaviruses: recent developments in understanding their life cycle and role in human pathology. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003206. [PMID: 23516356 PMCID: PMC3597531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery in 1971, the polyomaviruses JC (JCPyV) and BK (BKPyV), isolated from patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and polyomavirus-associated nephropathy, respectively, remained for decades as the only known members of the Polyomaviridae family of viruses of human origin. Over the past five years, the application of new genomic amplification technologies has facilitated the discovery of several novel human polyomaviruses (HPyVs), bringing the present number to 10. These HPyVs share many fundamental features in common such as genome size and organization. Infection by all HPyVs is widespread in the human population, but they show important differences in their tissue tropism and association with disease. Much remains unknown about these new viruses. In this review, we discuss the problems associated with studying HPyVs, such as the lack of culture systems for the new viruses and the gaps in our basic understanding of their biology. We summarize what is known so far about their distribution, life cycle, tissue tropism, their associated pathologies (if any), and future research directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyn K. White
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Gordon
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kamel Khalili
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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35
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Dalianis T, Hirsch HH. Human polyomaviruses in disease and cancer. Virology 2013; 437:63-72. [PMID: 23357733 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Today the human polyomavirus (HPyV) family consists of 10 members, BK virus (BKV) and JC virus (JCV) isolated 40 years ago and the more recently identified KI virus (KIPyV), WU virus (WUPyV), Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), HPyV6, HPyV7, trichodysplasia spinulosa virus (TSPyV), HPyV9 and MWPyV. Serological studies suggest that HPyVs subclinically infect the general population with rates ranging from 35% to 90%. However, significant disease is only observed in patients with impaired immune functions. Thus, BKV has been linked to hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and PyV-associated nephropathy (PyVAN) after kidney transplantation; JCV to progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in HIV-AIDS, hematological diseases and in autoimmune diseases treated with certain lymphocyte-specific antibodies. KIPyV and WUPyV have been found in the respiratory tract, HPyV6 and 7 in the skin, and HPyV9 in serum and skin, and MWPyV in stools and skin, but so far none of these PyVs have been linked to any disease. TSPyV, on the other hand, was identified in trichodysplasia spinulosa, a rare skin disease characterized by virus-induced lytic as well as proliferative tumor-like features that is observed in immune-suppressed transplant patients. In contrast to all the other HPyVs so far, MCPyV is unique in its association with a cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma, which is a rare skin cancer arising in the elderly and chronically immunosuppressed individuals. The discovery of the new HPyVs has revived interest in the Polyomaviridae and their association to human disease and cancer. In this review, we summarize knowledge about this expanding family of human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Dalianis
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Center Karolinska R8:01, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Age-specific seroprevalences of merkel cell polyomavirus, human polyomaviruses 6, 7, and 9, and trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2013; 20:363-8. [PMID: 23302741 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00438-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Six new human polyomaviruses have been identified since 2008 (Merkel cell polyomavirus [MCPyV], human polyomavirus 6 [HPyV6], HPyV7, HPyV9, trichodysplasia spinulosa polyomavirus [TSPyV], and Malawi polyomavirus [MWPyV]). The presence of specific antibodies against MCPyV, HPyV6, HPyV7, HPyV9, and TSPyV in 828 Italian subjects aged 1 to 100 years was investigated by virus-like particle-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The findings indicate that all of these new polyomaviruses circulate widely in humans, with seroprevalences in adulthood ranging from 39.4% for HPyV9 to 87.1% for MCPyV, and that primary exposure is most intense in childhood, with the exception of HPyV7 and HPyV9, for which the seroprevalence increased throughout life. The proportion of subjects with high antibody titers was found to increase with age for MCPyV and to decrease with age for TSPyV.
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