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Audiat-Perrin F, Guillier L, Augustin JC, Bornert G, Federighi M, Gautier M, Jourdan-da Silva N, Pouillot R, Merad M, Sanaa M, Kooh P. Into the Jungle of Biological Agents of Foodborne Diseases: Time to Put Some Order for the French Risk Manager. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024; 21:536-545. [PMID: 38963777 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumers can be exposed to many foodborne biological hazards that cause diseases with varying outcomes and incidence and, therefore, represent different levels of public health burden. To help the French risk managers to rank these hazards and to prioritize food safety actions, we have developed a three-step approach. The first step was to develop a list of foodborne hazards of health concern in mainland France. From an initial list of 335 human pathogenic biological agents, the final list of "retained hazards" consists of 24 hazards, including 12 bacteria (including bacterial toxins and metabolites), 3 viruses and 9 parasites. The second step was to collect data to estimate the disease burden (incidence, Disability Adjusted Life Years) associated with these hazards through food during two time periods: 2008-2013 and 2014-2019. The ranks of the different hazards changed slightly according to the considered period. The third step was the ranking of hazards according to a multicriteria decision support model using the ELECTRE III method. Three ranking criteria were used, where two reflect the severity of the effects (Years of life lost and Years lost due to disability) and one reflects the likelihood (incidence) of the disease. The multicriteria decision analysis approach takes into account the preferences of the risk managers through different sets of weights and the uncertainties associated with the data. The method and the data collected allowed to estimate the health burden of foodborne biological hazards in mainland France and to define a prioritization list for the health authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Audiat-Perrin
- Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Laurent Guillier
- Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | | | - Michel Federighi
- National Veterinary School of Alfort (EnvA), Maisons-Alfort, France
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses), Laboratory for food safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | | | | | - Myriam Merad
- Lamsade, CNRS-Paris Dauphine Place Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, Paris, France
| | - Moez Sanaa
- Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Pauline Kooh
- Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses), Maisons-Alfort, France
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2
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Khalife S, El Safadi D. Salmonella Prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile in raw poultry meat sold in North Lebanon: Insights from the COVID-19 pandemic and economic crisis. Prev Vet Med 2024; 230:106299. [PMID: 39106610 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Salmonella-related foodborne illness is a significant public health concern, with the primary source of human infection being animal-based food products, particularly chicken meat. Lebanon is currently experiencing a dual crisis: the COVID-19 pandemic and an unprecedented economic crisis, which has resulted in substantial challenges to the public health system and food safety. This study aims to assess the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile of Salmonella in raw poultry meat sold in North Lebanon during this dual crisis. A cross-sectional study was carried out between May 2021 and April 2022 across six different districts in North Lebanon. A total of 288 whole, unprocessed chickens were examined. The isolation and identification of Salmonella isolates were done based on cultural and biochemical properties. All isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and phenotypic assays for Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL) detection. The prevalence of Salmonella in raw poultry meat purchased in North Lebanon reached 18.05 % (52/288). The dry season and chilled chicken were significantly associated with an increased risk of Salmonella contamination (P < 0.05). Additionally, 34.61 % of the isolates were potential ESBL producers, and 57.69 % exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR). This study highlights the existence of MDR in chicken meat in North Lebanon, posing a potential health risk if undercooked chicken meat is consumed. This emphasizes the importance of the implementation of preventive strategies and hygienic procedures throughout the food chain to reduce the risk of Salmonella spp. contamination in chicken meats and its potential transmission to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Khalife
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Tripoli, Lebanon.
| | - Dima El Safadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Yang X, Scharff R. Foodborne Illnesses from Leafy Greens in the United States: Attribution, Burden, and Cost. J Food Prot 2024; 87:100275. [PMID: 38609013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Leafy green vegetables are a major source of foodborne illnesses. Nevertheless, few studies have attempted to estimate attribution and burden of illness estimates for leafy greens. This study combines results from three outbreak-based attribution models with illness incidence and economic cost models to develop comprehensive pathogen-specific burden estimates for leafy greens and their subcategories in the United States. We find that up to 9.18% (90% CI: 5.81%-15.18%) of foodborne illnesses linked to identified pathogens are attributed to leafy greens. Including 'Unknown' illnesses not linked to specific pathogens, leafy greens account for as many as 2,307,558 (90% CI: 1,077,815-4,075,642) illnesses annually in the United States. The economic cost of these illnesses is estimated to be up to $5.278 billion (90% CI: $3.230-$8.221 billion) annually. Excluding the pathogens with small outbreak sizes, Norovirus, Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli (both non-O157 and O157:H7), Campylobacter spp., and nontyphoidal Salmonella, are associated with the highest number of illnesses and greatest costs from leafy greens. While lettuce (romaine, iceberg, "other lettuce") takes 60.8% of leafy green outbreaks, it accounts for up to 75.7% of leafy green foodborne illnesses and 70% of costs. Finally, we highlighted that 19.8% of Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli O157:H7 illnesses are associated with romaine among all food commodities, resulting in 12,496 estimated illnesses and $324.64 million annually in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Yang
- Department of Human Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Robert Scharff
- Department of Human Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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4
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Yilmaz EA, Yalçin H, Polat Z. Antimicrobial effects of laurel extract, laurel essential oil, zahter extract, and zahter essential oil on chicken wings contaminated with Salmonella Typhimurium. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1445. [PMID: 38652025 PMCID: PMC11037249 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of zahter extract, zahter essential oil, laurel extract, and laurel essential oil on Salmonella Typhimurium inoculated on chicken wings. METHODS A total of 10 groups, including eight study groups and two control groups were formed, consisting of zahter extract and zahter essential oil and laurel extract and laurel essential oil in different proportions. In the study, laurel extract at 6.4% and 12.8% concentrations, laurel essential oil at 0.2% and 0.4% concentrations, zahter extract at 0.2% and 0.4% concentrations, and zahter essential oil at 0.2% and 0.4% concentrations were used. RESULTS The broth microdilution method was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the extract and essential oils on the S. Typhimurium. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of the extracts and essential oils used in the study against S. Typhimurium were determined. The highest inhibitory effect on S. Typhimurium was observed in the 0.4% laurel essential oil group. It was determined that the inhibitory effect increased as the concentration of laurel essential oil increased. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of zahter essential oil is less inhibitory than the laurel extract, laurel essential oil, and zahter extract. CONCLUSION According to the results of this study, it has been revealed that extracts and essential oils obtained from zahter and laurel plants, which have been shown to be natural antimicrobial, can be used in foods as an alternative to chemical additives. To develop research results, the applicability of these extracts and essential oils in different foodstuffs should be examined using different ingredients and concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Ayan Yilmaz
- Department of Food Hygiene and TechnologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineBurdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy UniversityBurdurTürkiye
| | - Halil Yalçin
- Department of Food Hygiene and TechnologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineBurdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy UniversityBurdurTürkiye
| | - Zübeyde Polat
- Department of Food Hygiene and TechnologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineBurdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy UniversityBurdurTürkiye
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Chen Q, Zhao G, Yang W, Chen F, Qi Y, Lou Z. Investigation into the prevalence of enterotoxin genes and genetic background of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from retain foods in Hangzhou, China. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:294. [PMID: 37848808 PMCID: PMC10580612 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus expresses numerous toxins, many of which are strongly believed to be responsible for specific symptoms and even diseases, making it significant in the pathogenesis of human health. Enterotoxins, which are vital toxins, are associated with foodborne illnesses that manifest through symptoms like vomiting and diarrhea. In the present study, 264 S. aureus isolates obtained from various retail foods in Hangzhou, China were further investigated the profiles of enterotoxin genes and genetic backgrounds. RESULTS Approximately, 64.02% of the isolates from diverse sources contained at least one Staphylococcal Enterotoxin (SE) genes, displaying a total of 36 distinct combinations. Enterotoxin gene cluster (egc) encoded enterotoxin genes, normally designated by seg, sei, sem, sen, seo and selu, plus with sep were more frequently detected (33.73%, each). In contrast, see, ses and set were absent in any of the isolates tested. A total of 44 sequence types (STs), 20 clonal complexes (CCs) and 66 different staphylococcal protein A (spa) types (including six novel types) were identified among those 169 SE-positive isolates. Moreover, nineteen methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates were identified. The majority of those isolates belonged to the CC59-Sccmec IVa cluster and carried the seb-sek-seq gene cluster. The egc cluster, either coexisting with or without other enterotoxin genes, was observed in all isolates allocated into CC5, CC9, CC20, CC25, CC72 and ST672. Irrespective of the spa types and origins of the food, it appeared that seh was a distinct genetic element present in isolates belonging to the CC1 clonal lineage. CONCLUSIONS The results not only proposed a suspected relationship between distribution of enterotoxigenic strains and genetic backgrounds, but also attributed the presence of novel enterotoxins to potential hazards in food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310000, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Gang Zhao
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 310021, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310000, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fuhong Chen
- Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310000, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310000, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengqing Lou
- Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310000, Hangzhou, China.
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6
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Primavilla S, Farneti S, Roila R, Branciari R, Altissimi C, Valiani A, Ranucci D. Retrospective study on the prevalence of Yersinia enterocolitica in food collected in Umbria region (central Italy). Ital J Food Saf 2023; 12:10996. [PMID: 37064514 PMCID: PMC10102966 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2023.10996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica represents one of the main foodborne pathogens in Europe and the evaluation of possible sources of contamination and its prevalence in food is of considerable interest for risk analysis approach. The results of the search for Yersinia enterocolitica in food samples taken in Umbria region (central Italy) were evaluated during the years 2015-2018. Different types of foods were considered, both ready-to-eat (meat products, dairy products, and raw vegetables) and meat preparations to be eaten after cooking. Samples were assayed by molecular screening for the species indicator gene ompF. Screening positives were subjected to isolation and characterization by searching for specific virulence marker genes, including the ail gene responsible for invasiveness and the ystB gene for the production of enterotoxin. The total prevalence of positive samples for Yersinia enterocolitica was 16.86% with a higher percentage of positive samples in meat preparations (19.35%), followed by ready-to-eat vegetables (11.76%). Poultry meat samples had a higher prevalence than pork and beef samples. Neither positive samples were found in meat products and dairy, nor seasonality in positivity was observed. All isolated strains of Yersinia enterocolitica were biotype 1A, with absence of the ail virulence gene but presence of ystB gene. Since the strains isolated from human patients appear to be primarily biotypes that possess the ail marker, future investigations would be needed regarding the real role of biotype 1A in human disease. In this context, attention should certainly be paid to ready-to-eat vegetables and to careful cooking of meat preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Primavilla
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute Togo Rosati of Umbria and Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvana Farneti
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute Togo Rosati of Umbria and Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rossana Roila
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | | | - Caterina Altissimi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Valiani
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute Togo Rosati of Umbria and Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - David Ranucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Facile biosynthesis of CaO nanoparticles using extract of Tulbaghia violacea and evaluation of their antibacterial and cytotoxicity activity. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
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Pardos de la Gandara M, Fournet N, Bonifait L, Lefèvre S, Chemaly M, Grastilleur C, Cadel-Six S, Fach P, Pignault A, Brisabois A, Jourdan-Da Silva N, Weill FX. Countrywide multi-serotype outbreak of Salmonella Bovismorbificans ST142 and monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium ST34 associated with dried pork sausages in France, September 2020* to January 2021. Euro Surveill 2023; 28:2200123. [PMID: 36695482 PMCID: PMC9837855 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2023.28.2.2200123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The French National Reference Centre for Escherichia coli, Shigella and Salmonella (FNRC-ESS) detected two human clusters of 33 cases (median age: 10 years; 17 females) infected by Salmonella enterica serotype Bovismorbificans, ST142, HC5_243255 (EnteroBase HierCC‑cgMLST scheme) in September-November 2020 and of 11 cases (median age: 11 years; seven males) infected by S. enterica serotype 4,12:i:-, ST34, HC5_198125 in October-December 2020. Epidemiological investigations conducted by Santé publique France linked these outbreaks to the consumption of dried pork sausages from the same manufacturer. S. Bovismorbificans and S. 4,12:i:- were isolated by the National Reference Laboratory from different food samples, but both strains were identified in a single food sample only by qPCR. Three recalls and withdrawals of dried pork products were issued by the French general directorate of food of the French ministry for agriculture and food in November 2020, affecting eight supermarket chains. A notification on the European Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed and a European urgent enquiry on the Epidemic Intelligence Information System for Food and Waterborne Diseases and Zoonoses (EPIS-FWD) were launched. No cases were reported outside France. Outbreaks caused by multiple serotypes of Salmonella may go undetected by protocols in standard procedures in microbiology laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pardos de la Gandara
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unité des Bactéries pathogènes entériques, Centre National de Référence des Escherichia coli, Shigella et Salmonella, Paris, France
| | | | - Laetitia Bonifait
- ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, Ploufragan, France
| | - Sophie Lefèvre
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unité des Bactéries pathogènes entériques, Centre National de Référence des Escherichia coli, Shigella et Salmonella, Paris, France
| | - Marianne Chemaly
- ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, Ploufragan, France
| | - Charlotte Grastilleur
- Mission des Urgences Sanitaires, Direction générale de l’alimentation, Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Cadel-Six
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Patrick Fach
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, IdentyPath Genomics Platform, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Agnès Pignault
- Mission des Urgences Sanitaires, Direction générale de l’alimentation, Paris, France
| | - Anne Brisabois
- ANSES, Strategy and Programs Department, Research and Reference Division, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - François-Xavier Weill
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unité des Bactéries pathogènes entériques, Centre National de Référence des Escherichia coli, Shigella et Salmonella, Paris, France
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9
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Baigts-Allende DK, Stathopoulos C. Overcoming obstacles in insect utilization. Eur Food Res Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04196-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AbstractEdible insects have long been part of human diets in some countries, and they are expected to become an important alternative food source because of their nutritional value and favorable environmental impact. However, insects’ consumption safety and consumer acceptance are still significant barriers to market positioning, mainly in Western regions. Therefore, several processing technologies have been applied to develop insect-based food products and derivatives to increase consumer safety, shelf-life, and sensorial properties, including appearance. The processing pathway for insects as food might then be focused on eliminating such concerns. However, even though there is enough information related to processing techniques for edible insects, the use of the treated material has been limited as a substitute rather than a main constituted nutritional component. Moreover, there is little information about novel technologies and uses of insect derivatives compared to the minimally processed insect, as in the case of flours. This review presents the food safety (biological and chemical hazards) and cultural aspects of difficulties of eating insects and the role of processing raw material, extraction of insect derivatives (lipids and proteins), and food prototypes development on safety and consumer acceptance.
Graphical abstract
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10
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Amato L, Benedetti G, Di Giuseppe P, Hénaux V, Lailler R, Nordeng Z, Scharffenberg TAZ, Skjerdal T, Cito F. Mapping food surveillance chains through different sectors. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1129851. [PMID: 37143977 PMCID: PMC10151742 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1129851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
European countries are investing in strengthening disease surveillance from a One Health (OH) perspective. During the MATRIX project, in the context of the One Health European Joint Programme, existing surveillance chains across the sectors of animal health, food safety, and public health have been investigated through questionnaires. Provided information has then been selected to be displayed in a single slide using an implemented mapping template. Two real-life scenarios are presented as case studies: the surveillance activities in place in France for Salmonella in the pork meat food chain, and in Norway for Listeria monocytogenes in the dairy food chain. The results collected through the questionnaires and the lessons learnt during the mapping process are reported, to share the advantages and drawbacks of the methodology. Moreover, the presented template could be adjusted and applied to different contexts. Mapping the components of existing disease surveillance systems is a fundamental step in understanding the relationships between its components, and subsequently facilitating their collaboration and integration under a OH approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Amato
- Department of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise, Teramo, Italy
| | - Guido Benedetti
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paola Di Giuseppe
- Department of Communication, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise, Teramo, Italy
| | - Viviane Hénaux
- Laboratory of Lyon, Epidemiology and Support to Surveillance Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Lyon, France
| | - Renaud Lailler
- Laboratory for Food Safety, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Zuzana Nordeng
- Department of Research Administrative Support, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Taran Skjerdal
- Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås, Norway
| | - Francesca Cito
- Department of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise, Teramo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesca Cito,
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11
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Bhattacharya D, Nanda PK, Pateiro M, Lorenzo JM, Dhar P, Das AK. Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bacteriocins: Novel Biotechnological Approach for Biopreservation of Meat and Meat Products. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2058. [PMID: 36296334 PMCID: PMC9611938 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Meat and meat products are perishable in nature, and easily susceptible to microbial contamination and chemical deterioration. This not only results in an increased risk to health of consumers, but also causes economic loss to the meat industry. Some microorganisms of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) group and their ribosomal-synthesized antimicrobial peptides-especially bacteriocins-can be used as a natural preservative, and an alternative to chemical preservatives in meat industry. Purified or partially purified bacteriocins can be used as a food additive or incorporated in active packaging, while bacteriocin-producing cells could be added as starter or protective cultures for fermented meats. Large-scale applications of bacteriocins are limited, however, mainly due to the narrow antimicrobial spectrum and varying stability in different food matrixes. To overcome these limitations, bioengineering and biotechnological techniques are being employed to combine two or more classes of bacteriocins and develop novel bacteriocins with high efficacy. These approaches, in combination with hurdle concepts (active packaging), provide adequate safety by reducing the pathogenicity of spoilage microorganisms, improving sensory characteristics (e.g., desirable flavor, texture, aroma) and enhancing the shelf life of meat-based products. In this review, the biosynthesis of different classes of LAB bacteriocins, their mechanism of action and their role in the preservation of meats and meat products are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanwita Bhattacharya
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Nanda
- Eastern Regional Station, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, 37 Belgachia Road, Kolkata 700037, India
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnoloxía dos Alimentos, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Pubali Dhar
- Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Division, University of Calcutta, 20B, Judges Court Road, Alipore, Kolkata 700027, India
| | - Arun K. Das
- Eastern Regional Station, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, 37 Belgachia Road, Kolkata 700037, India
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12
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Fatal Fulminant Hepatitis E in a Diabetic Patient on Metformin. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102385. [PMID: 36292073 PMCID: PMC9600022 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E is mostly autochthonous in Western developed countries, eating pig-derived products being the most frequently documented source. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is usually asymptomatic or self-limiting, but it can cause acute liver failure. HEV serological testing was performed using EUROIMMUN immunoenzymatic assays. HEV RNA in the serum was determined using an in-house real-time reverse transcriptase PCR procedure. The HEV genotype was determined through phylogenetic analysis after Sanger sequencing was performed using an in-house procedure. The case patient, an immunocompetent patient in his 60s with type 2 diabetes and no documented chronic liver disease, was hospitalized in February 2021 in an intensive care unit due to an initially unexplained coma. He presented metformin overdose and fulminant hepatitis E (HEV RNA in the serum was 4,140,000 copies/mL) that evolved toward death. The HEV genotype was 3f. We identified eight previous hepatitis E in diabetic patients, but with no metformin excessive plasma concentration, in the literature. Three patients were liver transplant recipients and three died. HEV infection can be severe and life-threatening in diabetic patients, which warrants HEV testing in this special population in the case of an altered general condition and/or liver cytolysis.
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Pellerin M, Trabucco B, Capai L, Laval M, Maestrini O, Jori F, Falchi A, Doceul V, Charrier F, Casabianca F, Pavio N. Low prevalence of hepatitis E virus in the liver of Corsican pigs slaughtered after 12 months despite high antibody seroprevalence. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e2706-e2718. [PMID: 35689821 PMCID: PMC9796636 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection can be acute and benign or evolve to chronic hepatitis with rapid progression toward cirrhosis or liver failure in humans. Hence, hepatitis E (HE) disease is a major public health concern. In countries where pig populations are highly contaminated with HEV, human cases of HE are mainly foodborne, occurring frequently after consumption of raw or undercooked pork products or liver. Among factors associated to the presence of HEV in pork livers from intensive rearing systems, early slaughter (≤6 months) seems to be major. In Corsica, local pigs are raised in extensive farming systems and slaughtered after 12 months. To evaluate if slaughter of pigs over 12 months reduces the risk of HEV presence in livers, 1197 liver samples were randomly collected in 2 Corsican slaughterhouses. Presence of HEV RNA was detected in liver and HEV seroprevalence was determined in paired serum. The sampling included 1083 livers from animals between 12 and 48 months and 114 livers from animals <12 months. The samples were predominantly from semi-extensive and extensive farms (n = 1154). Estimated HEV seroprevalence was high, that is, >88%, and HEV RNA prevalence in adult pig livers (>12 months old) was low, that is, 0.18%. However, in livers from younger animals (<12 months), including piglets below 6 months old, 5.3% (6/114) of the samples were positive for HEV RNA. Sequences recovered from positive livers belonged to HEV genotype 3c and 3f. The presence of infectious HEV was confirmed in two livers by the detection of HEV replication in HepaRG cell cultures. Thus, this study demonstrates the low prevalence of HEV in livers of pigs over 12 months, even in farms with high HEV circulation. This observation may open new perspectives on the preferential use of livers from animals older than 12 months in raw pork liver products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pellerin
- UMR VirologieANSES, INRAE, ENVALaboratoire de Santé AnimaleMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | | | - Lisandru Capai
- Laboratoire de VirologieUniversité de Corse Pasquale PaoliUR BIOSCOPE 7310CorteFrance,Institute of Virology, University of Charité BerlinAG Junglen10117BerlinGermany
| | | | | | - Ferran Jori
- UMR ASTRE (Animaux, Santé, Territoire, Risques et Ecosystèmes), CIRADINRAEUniversité de MontpellierCampus International de BaillarguetMontpellierFrance
| | - Alessandra Falchi
- Laboratoire de VirologieUniversité de Corse Pasquale PaoliUR BIOSCOPE 7310CorteFrance
| | - Virginie Doceul
- UMR VirologieANSES, INRAE, ENVALaboratoire de Santé AnimaleMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - François Charrier
- UR SELMET‐LRDEINRAECorteFrance,UMR LISIS, Université Gustave EiffelINRAECNRSMarne‐la‐ValléeFrance
| | | | - Nicole Pavio
- UMR VirologieANSES, INRAE, ENVALaboratoire de Santé AnimaleMaisons‐AlfortFrance
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14
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Fernando AJ, Amaratunga S. Application of far-infrared radiation for sun-dried chili pepper (Capsicum annum L.): drying characteristics and color during roasting. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:3781-3787. [PMID: 34921411 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chili is hygroscopic and needs a fast-drying method before feeding into pulverizers. The far-infrared radiation (FIR) roasting technique provides various benefits, such as higher drying rates within a short duration, reduction of mycotoxins, and improvement in the textural quality of agricultural produce. In addition, thin-layer modeling supports understanding the drying kinetics of agricultural produce. Therefore, the objective of this research was to study the thin-layer drying characteristics and color of whole chili pod and its components (i.e. seeds, pedicel, and placenta) of sun-dried chili during FIR roasting. The samples were dried at 7.76 μm (100 °C), 6.12 μm (200 °C), 5.056 μm (300 °C), and 4.30 μm (400 °C) by exposing them to FIR in a single layer and the drying kinetics were studied using the Midilli model. Further, the color variation during FIR roasting was studied. RESULTS FIR roasting of chili pods and their components (i.e. seeds, pedicel, and placenta) shows a falling rate drying period at each wavelength. The moisture content decreased with decreasing FIR wavelength. The ∆E values for pods, pedicel, and placenta were increased during FIR roasting. The Midilli model results in R2 and root-mean-square error value ranges of 0.7563-1.000 and 5 × 10-8 -0.1238 respectively for the current study. The Midilli model at 300 °C shows that the FIR has minor variation compared with other FIR temperatures. CONCLUSION FIR technology can be implemented to roast chili pods and their components (i.e. seeds, pedicel, and placenta) within a short period. Further, the application of FIR for roasting purposes desirably increases the color variation. The Midilli model can effectively describe the drying kinetics of the chili pods and their components during FIR roasting. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jayaruwani Fernando
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Puliyankulama, Sri Lanka
- Postgraduate Institute of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Sanath Amaratunga
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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15
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Liu G, Nie R, Liu Y, Mehmood A. Combined antimicrobial effect of bacteriocins with other hurdles of physicochemic and microbiome to prolong shelf life of food: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:154058. [PMID: 35217045 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized peptides to inhibit food spoilage bacteria, which are widely used as a kind of food biopreservation. The role of bacteriocins in therapeutics and food industries has received increasing attention across a number of disciplines in recent years. Despite their advantages as alternative therapeutics over existing strategies, the application of bacteriocins suffers from shortcomings such as the high isolation and purification cost, narrow spectrum of activity, low stability and solubility and easy enzymatic degradation. Previous studies have studied the synergistic or additive effects of bacteriocins when used in combination with other hurdles including physics, chemicals, and microbes. These combined treatments reduce the adverse effects of chemical additives, extending the shelf life of food products while guaranteeing food quality. This review highlights the advantages and disadvantages of bacteriocins in food preservation. It then reviews the combined effect and mechanism of different hurdles and bacteriocins in enhancing food preservation in detail. The combination of bacterioncins and other hurdles provide potential approaches for maintaining food quality and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorong Liu
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Rong Nie
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yangshuo Liu
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Arshad Mehmood
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
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16
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Ansari A, Ibrahim F, Haider MS, Aman A. In vitro application of bacteriocin produced by
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
for the biopreservation of meat at refrigeration temperature. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ansari
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (KIBGE) University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan
| | - Fariha Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Ziauddin University Karachi Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Samee Haider
- Food and Marine Resources Research Centre (FMRRC), Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Karachi Pakistan
| | - Afsheen Aman
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (KIBGE) University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan
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17
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Abitayeva GK, Urazova MS, Abilkhadirov AS, Sarmurzina ZS, Shaikhin SM. Characterization of a new bacteriocin-like inhibitory peptide produced by Lactobacillus sakei B-RKM 0559. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:2243-2257. [PMID: 34652635 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The biopreservation strategy allows extending the shelf life and food safety through the use of indigenous or controlled microbiota and their antimicrobial compounds. The aim of this work was to characterize an inhibitory substance with bacteriocin-like activity (Sak-59) produced by the potentially probiotic L. sakei strain from artisanal traditional Kazakh horse meat product Kazy. The maximum production of Sak-59 occurred at the stationary phase of the L. sakei growth. Sak-59 showed inhibitory activity against gram-positive meat spoilage bacteria strains of Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and pathogenic gram-negative bacteria strains of Serratia marcescens and Escherichia coli, but not against the tested Lactobacilli strains. Sak-59 activity, as measured by diffusion assay in agar wells, was completely suppressed after treatment with proteolytic enzymes and remained stable after treatment with α-amylase and lipase, indicating that Sak-59 is a peptide and most likely not glycosylated or lipidated. It was concluded that Sak-59 is a potential new bacteriocin with a characteristic activity spectrum, which can be useful in the food and feed industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulyaim K Abitayeva
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry of Microorganisms, Republican Collection of Microorganisms of the Committee of Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 13/1 Valikhanov Str., 010000, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Maira S Urazova
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Republican Collection of Microorganisms of the Committee of Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 13/1 Valikhanov Str., Nur-Sultan, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Arman S Abilkhadirov
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry of Microorganisms, Republican Collection of Microorganisms of the Committee of Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 13/1 Valikhanov Str., 010000, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Zinigul S Sarmurzina
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Republican Collection of Microorganisms of the Committee of Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 13/1 Valikhanov Str., 010000, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Serik M Shaikhin
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry of Microorganisms, Republican Collection of Microorganisms of the Committee of Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 13/1 Valikhanov Str., 010000, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan.
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18
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Scallan Walter EJ, Griffin PM, Bruce BB, Hoekstra RM. Estimating the Number of Illnesses Caused by Agents Transmitted Commonly Through Food: A Scoping Review. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2021; 18:841-858. [PMID: 34529512 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2021.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimates of the overall human health impact of agents transmitted commonly through food complement surveillance and help guide food safety interventions and regulatory initiatives. The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize the methods and reporting practices used in studies that estimate the total number of illnesses caused by these agents. We identified and included 43 studies published from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2019, by searching PubMed and screening selected articles for other relevant publications. Selected articles presented original estimates of the number of illnesses caused by ≥1 agent transmitted commonly through food. The number of agents (species or subspecies for pathogens) included in each study ranged from 1 to 31 (median: 4.5; mean: 9.2). Of the 40 agents assessed across the 43 studies, the most common agent was Salmonella (36; 84% of studies), followed by Campylobacter (33; 77%), Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (25; 58%), and norovirus (20; 47%). Investigators used a variety of data sources and methods that could be grouped into four distinct estimation approaches-direct, surveillance data scaled-up, syndrome or population scaled-down, and inferred. Based on our review, we propose four recommendations to improve the interpretability, comparability, and reproducibility of studies that estimate the number of illnesses caused by agents transmitted commonly through food. These include providing an assessment of statistical and nonstatistical uncertainty, providing a ranking of estimates by agent, including uncertainties; describing the rationale used to select agents and data sources; and publishing raw data and models, along with clear, detailed methods. These recommendations could lead to better decision-making about food safety policies. Although these recommendations have been made in the context of illness estimation for agents transmitted commonly through food, they also apply to estimates of other health outcomes and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine J Scallan Walter
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Patricia M Griffin
- Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Beau B Bruce
- Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert M Hoekstra
- (Retired) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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19
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Emergence of erythromycin resistance methyltransferases in Campylobacter coli strains in France. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e0112421. [PMID: 34370579 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01124-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacters is described worldwide. The emergence of multiresistant isolates, particularly among C. coli, is concerning. New resistance mechanisms appear frequently, and DNA-sequence-based methods such as whole genome sequencing (WGS) have become useful tools to monitor their emergence. The genomes of 51 multiresistant French Campylobacter sp. clinical strains from 2018 to 2019 were analyzed to identify associated resistance mechanisms. Analyses of erythromycin-resistant strains revealed 23S ribosomal RNA mutations among most of them and two different methyltransferases in 4 strains: Erm(B) and a novel methyltransferase, here named Erm(N). The erm(B) gene was found in multidrug-resistant genomic islands, whereas erm(N) was inserted within CRISPR arrays of the CRISPR-cas9 operon. Moreover, using PCR screening in erythromycin-resistant strains from our collection, we showed that erm(N) was already present in 3 French clinical strains 2 years before its first report in 2018 in Quebec. Bacterial transformations confirmed that insertion of erm(N) into a CRISPR-cas9 operon can confer macrolide resistance. Campylobacter species are easily able to adapt to their environment and acquire new resistance mechanisms, and the emergence of methyltransferases in Campylobacters in France is a matter of concern in the coming years.
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20
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Manoj D, Shanmugasundaram S, Anandharamakrishnan C. Nanosensing and nanobiosensing: Concepts, methods, and applications for quality evaluation of liquid foods. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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21
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DeFlorio W, Liu S, White AR, Taylor TM, Cisneros-Zevallos L, Min Y, Scholar EMA. Recent developments in antimicrobial and antifouling coatings to reduce or prevent contamination and cross-contamination of food contact surfaces by bacteria. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:3093-3134. [PMID: 33949079 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Illness as the result of ingesting bacterially contaminated foodstuffs represents a significant annual loss of human quality of life and economic impact globally. Significant research investment has recently been made in developing new materials that can be used to construct food contacting tools and surfaces that might minimize the risk of cross-contamination of bacteria from one food item to another. This is done to mitigate the spread of bacterial contamination and resultant foodborne illness. Internet-based literature search tools such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus were utilized to investigate publishing trends within the last 10 years related to the development of antimicrobial and antifouling surfaces with potential use in food processing applications. Technologies investigated were categorized into four major groups: antimicrobial agent-releasing coatings, contact-based antimicrobial coatings, superhydrophobic antifouling coatings, and repulsion-based antifouling coatings. The advantages for each group and technical challenges remaining before wide-scale implementation were compared. A diverse array of emerging antimicrobial and antifouling technologies were identified, designed to suit a wide range of food contact applications. Although each poses distinct and promising advantages, significant further research investment will likely be required to reliably produce effective materials economically and safely enough to equip large-scale operations such as farms, food processing facilities, and kitchens.
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Affiliation(s)
- William DeFlorio
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Shuhao Liu
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew R White
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | | | - Luis Cisneros-Zevallos
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.,Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Younjin Min
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Ethan M A Scholar
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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22
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Ehuwa O, Jaiswal AK, Jaiswal S. Salmonella, Food Safety and Food Handling Practices. Foods 2021; 10:907. [PMID: 33919142 PMCID: PMC8143179 DOI: 10.3390/foods10050907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis is the second most reported gastrointestinal disorder in the EU resulting from the consumption of Salmonella-contaminated foods. Symptoms include gastroenteritis, abdominal cramps, bloody diarrhoea, fever, myalgia, headache, nausea and vomiting. In 2018, Salmonella accounted for more than half of the numbers of foodborne outbreak illnesses reported in the EU. Salmonella contamination is mostly associated with produce such as poultry, cattle and their feeds but other products such as dried foods, infant formula, fruit and vegetable products and pets have become important. Efforts aimed at controlling Salmonella are being made. For example, legislation and measures put in place reduced the number of hospitalizations between 2014 and 2015. However, the number of hospitalizations started to increase in 2016. This calls for more stringent controls at the level of government and the private sector. Food handlers of "meat processing" and "Ready to Eat" foods play a crucial role in the spread of Salmonella. This review presents an updated overview of the global epidemiology, the relevance of official control, the disease associated with food handlers and the importance of food safety concerning salmonellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olugbenga Ehuwa
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin—City Campus, Central Quad, Grangegorman, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland; (O.E.); (S.J.)
| | - Amit K. Jaiswal
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin—City Campus, Central Quad, Grangegorman, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland; (O.E.); (S.J.)
- Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute (ESHI), Technological University Dublin—City Campus, Grangegorman, D07 H6K8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Swarna Jaiswal
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin—City Campus, Central Quad, Grangegorman, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland; (O.E.); (S.J.)
- Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute (ESHI), Technological University Dublin—City Campus, Grangegorman, D07 H6K8 Dublin, Ireland
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23
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Ali S, Chen X, Ajmal Shah M, Ali M, Zareef M, Arslan M, Ahmad S, Jiao T, Li H, Chen Q. The avenue of fruit wastes to worth for synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles and their antimicrobial application against foodborne pathogens: A review. Food Chem 2021; 359:129912. [PMID: 33934027 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The emerging fruit wastes valorization tactic is a strategy for minimizing the dependence on toxic solvents and chemicals commonly used in the preparation of nanoparticles (NPs). Furthermore, the NPs have exhibited promising antimicrobial applications against foodborne pathogens. Hence, a timely review of this topic is in demand to provide a clear insight into the subject. In this article, the synthesis of silver and gold NPs from fruit wastes and their antimicrobial application against foodborne pathogens are reviewed. The extraction method, mechanism of NPs formation and influences of various experimental parameters on the shape and size of the NPs are described. In the second part of the article, antimicrobial activities against foodborne pathogens regarding the nature, optimum composition, surface structure, synergism and morphology of the NPs are reviewed. Furthermore, challenges and future trends related to the synthesis and antimicrobial application of fruit wastes-mediated NPs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujat Ali
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Muhammad Ajmal Shah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mumtaz Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-18800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zareef
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Muhammad Arslan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Shujaat Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir (Upper), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Tianhui Jiao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Quansheng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
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24
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Raza J, Asmat TM, Mustafa MZ, Ishtiaq H, Mumtaz K, Jalees MM, Samad A, Shah A, Khalid S, Rehman HU. Contamination of ready-to-eat street food in Pakistan with Salmonella spp.: Implications for consumers and food safety. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 106:123-127. [PMID: 33771670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ready-to-eat (RTE) food sold in Quetta, Pakistan was assessed for microbial contamination. METHODS Equal numbers of samples were collected from four categories of RTE food - burgers, shawarma, pizza and sandwiches - from January 2018 to December 2018. Microbial contamination of individual food samples was assessed by quantifying the total aerobic count obtained from plating samples on bacterial growth medium. Salmonella spp. serovars were identified using polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Approximately 38% (121/320) of RTE food samples were not fit for human consumption. The most contaminated type of RTE food was shawarma (49%). Microbial contamination of food samples was higher in summer compared with the other seasons. Approximately 40% (49/121) of food samples that were not fit for human consumption were contamined with Salmonella spp. Salmonella enteritidis (69%) and Salmonella typhimurium (31%) were the only serovars among the samples testing positive for Salmonella spp. Of the 49 samples with high microbial counts, S. enteritidis was present in 34 samples and S. typhimurium was present in 15 samples. The antibiotic sensitivity results demonstrated that both S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium were resistant to amoxicillin. In addition, S. enteritidis was resistant to chloramphenicol and erythromycin, and S. typhimurium presented high resistance to erythromycin. Both S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis were highly sensitive to kanamycin. CONCLUSION RTE food sold by street vendors in Quetta was found to be contaminated with Salmonella spp. and poses a great health risk to consumers. As such, consumption should be avoided, and the health authorities should take stringent action to ensure the quality of street food in order to reduce the healthcare burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannat Raza
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan; Department of Zoology, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Tauseef M Asmat
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan.
| | - Mohammad Zahid Mustafa
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Hina Ishtiaq
- Department of Biotechnology, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Mumtaz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Moazam Jalees
- Department of Microbiogy, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahwalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Samad
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - ArsalanAhmed Shah
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Salma Khalid
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Habib Ur Rehman
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
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25
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Bisht A, Kamble MP, Choudhary P, Chaturvedi K, Kohli G, Juneja VK, Sehgal S, Taneja NK. A surveillance of food borne disease outbreaks in India: 2009–2018. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Genome-Wide Identification of Host-Segregating Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms for Source Attribution of Clinical Campylobacter coli Isolates. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01787-20. [PMID: 33036986 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01787-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is among the most common causes of gastroenteritis worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the most common species causing human disease. DNA sequence-based methods for strain characterization have focused largely on C. jejuni, responsible for 80 to 90% of infections, meaning that C. coli epidemiology has lagged behind. Here, we have analyzed the genome of 450 C. coli isolates to determine genetic markers that can discriminate isolates sampled from 3 major reservoir hosts (chickens, cattle, and pigs). These markers then were applied to identify the source of infection of 147 C. coli strains from French clinical cases. Using STRUCTURE software, 259 potential host-segregating markers were revealed by probabilistic characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) frequency variation in strain collections from three different hosts. These SNPs were found in 41 genes or intergenic regions, mostly coding for proteins involved in motility and membrane functions. Source attribution of clinical isolates based on the differential presence of these markers confirmed chickens as the most common source of C. coli infection in France.IMPORTANCE Genome-wide and source attribution studies based on Campylobacter species have shown their importance for the understanding of foodborne infections. Although the use of multilocus sequence typing based on 7 genes from C. jejuni is a powerful method to structure populations, when applied to C. coli, results have not clearly demonstrated its robustness. Therefore, we aim to provide more accurate data based on the identification of single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Results from this study reveal an important number of host-segregating SNPs, found in proteins involved in motility, membrane functions, or DNA repair systems. These findings offer new, interesting opportunities for further study of C. coli adaptation to its environment. Additionally, the results demonstrate that poultry is potentially the main reservoir of C. coli in France.
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Contribution of Foods and Poor Food-Handling Practices to the Burden of Foodborne Infectious Diseases in France. Foods 2020; 9:foods9111644. [PMID: 33187291 PMCID: PMC7697675 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The foodborne disease burden (FBDB) related to 26 major biological hazards in France was attributed to foods and poor food-handling practices at the final food preparation step, in order to develop effective intervention strategies, especially food safety campaigns. Campylobacter spp. and non-typhoidal Salmonella accounted for more than 60% of the FBDB. Approximately 30% of the FBDB were attributed to 11 other hazards including bacteria, viruses and parasites. Meats were estimated as the main contributing food category causing (50-69%) (CI90) of the FBDB with (33-44%), (9-21%), (4-20%) (CI90) of the FBDB for poultry, pork and beef, respectively. Dairy products, eggs, raw produce and complex foods caused each approximately (5-20%) (CI90) of the FBDB. When foods are contaminated before the final preparation step, we estimated that inadequate cooking, cross-contamination and inadequate storage contribute for (19-49%), (7-34%) and (9-23%) (CI90) of the FBDB, respectively; (15-33%) (CI90) of the FBDB were attributed to the initial contamination of ready-to-eat foods-without any contribution from final food handlers. The thorough implementation of good hygienic practices (GHPs) at the final food preparation step could potentially reduce the FBDB by (67-85%) (CI90) (mainly with the prevention of cross-contamination and adequate cooking and storage).
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Kempf F, Menanteau P, Rychlik I, Kubasová T, Trotereau J, Virlogeux‐Payant I, Schaeffer S, Schouler C, Drumo R, Guitton E, Velge P. Gut microbiota composition before infection determines the Salmonella super- and low-shedder phenotypes in chicken. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:1611-1630. [PMID: 32639676 PMCID: PMC7415355 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity of infection and extreme shedding patterns are common features of animal infectious diseases. Individual hosts that are super-shedders are key targets for control strategies. Nevertheless, the mechanisms associated with the emergence of super-shedders remain largely unknown. During chicken salmonellosis, a high heterogeneity of infection is observed when animal-to-animal cross-contaminations and reinfections are reduced. We hypothesized that unlike super-shedders, low-shedders would be able to block the first Salmonella colonization thanks to a different gut microbiota. The present study demonstrates that (i) axenic and antibiotic-treated chicks are more prone to become super-shedders; (ii) super or low-shedder phenotypes can be acquired through microbiota transfer; (iii) specific gut microbiota taxonomic features determine whether the chicks develop a low- and super-shedder phenotype after Salmonella infection in isolator; (iv) partial protection can be conferred by inoculation of four commensal bacteria prior to Salmonella infection. This study demonstrates the key role plays by gut microbiota composition in the heterogeneity of infection and pave the way for developing predictive biomarkers and protective probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Kempf
- ISPINRAEUniversité François Rabelais de ToursUMR 1282Nouzilly37380France
| | | | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research InstituteHudcova 70Brno621 00Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Kubasová
- Veterinary Research InstituteHudcova 70Brno621 00Czech Republic
| | - Jérôme Trotereau
- ISPINRAEUniversité François Rabelais de ToursUMR 1282Nouzilly37380France
| | | | - Samantha Schaeffer
- ISPINRAEUniversité François Rabelais de ToursUMR 1282Nouzilly37380France
- Present address:
INSERM Unité 1162Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides HépatiquesParisFrance
| | - Catherine Schouler
- ISPINRAEUniversité François Rabelais de ToursUMR 1282Nouzilly37380France
| | - Rosanna Drumo
- ISPINRAEUniversité François Rabelais de ToursUMR 1282Nouzilly37380France
| | - Edouard Guitton
- Plate‐Forme d'Infectiologie ExpérimentaleINRAENouzilly37380France
| | - Philippe Velge
- ISPINRAEUniversité François Rabelais de ToursUMR 1282Nouzilly37380France
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Szymkowiak A, Guzik P, Kulawik P, Zając M. Attitude-behaviour dissonance regarding the importance of food preservation for customers. Food Qual Prefer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2020.103935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Casillas-Vega N, Flores-Rodríguez F, Sotelo-Coronado I, Vera-García ME, García-Heredia A, Rivas-Estilla AM, Lozano-Sepúlveda SA, García S, Flores-Arechiga A, Heredia N. Norovirus Is the Most Frequent Cause of Diarrhea in Hospitalized Patients in Monterrey, Mexico. Pathogens 2020; 9:E672. [PMID: 32824952 PMCID: PMC7559510 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Little information is available regarding the pathogens that cause diarrhea in hospitalized patients who also have various clinical problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of pathogens in fecal samples of hospitalized patients all suffering diarrhea in addition to other problems in Mexico. Diarrheic stools from 240 patients were obtained in a third-level hospital in Monterrey, Mexico. PCR was used for the detection of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Campylobacter spp., Yersinia spp., Aeromonas spp., Clostridioides difficile, and norovirus GI and GII. The presence of trophozoites, cysts of protozoa, eggs, and/or helminth larvae was determined by microscopic observation. Of the 240 patients analyzed, 40.4% presented at least one of the pathogens analyzed. Norovirus was the pathogen most frequently found (28.6%), followed by bacteria (11.7%), and parasites (8.3%). The majority of co-infections were parasites + norovirus, and bacteria + norovirus. Norovirus was detected mainly in children aged 0 to 10 years (9/15, 60%). Patients aged 0-20 years did not present co-infections. Entamoeba coli and Entamoeba histolytica were the most common parasites, (8/240), and Salmonella was the most prevalent bacteria (10/240). This information can help design specific strategies useful for hospitalized people with a compromised status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Casillas-Vega
- Departamento de Patología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico; (N.C.-V.); (I.S.-C.); (A.G.-H.); (A.F.-A.)
| | - Fernanda Flores-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 66450 San Nicolás, Nuevo León, Mexico; (F.F.-R.); (S.G.)
| | - Israel Sotelo-Coronado
- Departamento de Patología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico; (N.C.-V.); (I.S.-C.); (A.G.-H.); (A.F.-A.)
| | - Magda Elizabeth Vera-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico; (M.E.V.-G.); (A.M.R.-E.); (S.A.L.-S.)
| | - Aldo García-Heredia
- Departamento de Patología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico; (N.C.-V.); (I.S.-C.); (A.G.-H.); (A.F.-A.)
| | - Ana Ma. Rivas-Estilla
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico; (M.E.V.-G.); (A.M.R.-E.); (S.A.L.-S.)
| | - Sonia A. Lozano-Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico; (M.E.V.-G.); (A.M.R.-E.); (S.A.L.-S.)
| | - Santos García
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 66450 San Nicolás, Nuevo León, Mexico; (F.F.-R.); (S.G.)
| | - Amador Flores-Arechiga
- Departamento de Patología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico; (N.C.-V.); (I.S.-C.); (A.G.-H.); (A.F.-A.)
| | - Norma Heredia
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 66450 San Nicolás, Nuevo León, Mexico; (F.F.-R.); (S.G.)
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Zhang Y, Chen M, Yu P, Yu S, Wang J, Guo H, Zhang J, Zhou H, Chen M, Zeng H, Wu S, Pang R, Ye Q, Xue L, Zhang S, Li Y, Zhang J, Wu Q, Ding Y. Prevalence, Virulence Feature, Antibiotic Resistance and MLST Typing of Bacillus cereus Isolated From Retail Aquatic Products in China. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1513. [PMID: 32719669 PMCID: PMC7347965 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is one of the most important foodborne pathogenic microorganisms, which can lead to gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal diseases. However, the potential risk of B. cereus in aquatic products in China has not been comprehensively evaluated yet. In this study, a total of 860 aquatic samples from three types of retail aquatic products were collected from 39 major cities in China from 2011 to 2016. The contamination, distribution of virulence genes, antibiotic resistance and genetic diversity of B. cereus isolates were measured and analyzed. Of all the samples, 219 (25.47%) were positive for B. cereus and 1.83% (4/219) of the samples had contamination levels of more than 1,100 most probable number (MPN)/g. Different isolates had virulence potential, within which 59.6% (164/275) contained all three kinds of enterotoxin genes (nhe, hbl, and cytK-2) and 5.1% (14/275) possessed cereulide encoding gene cesB. The antimicrobial resistance profiles revealed the universal antibiotic resistance to rifampin and most β-lactams, suggesting the necessity to continuously monitor the antibiotic resistance of B. cereus in aquatic products and to control drug use in aquaculture. In sum, our study indicates the potential hazards of B. cereus isolated from aquatic products to customers and may provide a reference for clinical treatment caused by B. cereus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengfei Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Yu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shubo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
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Ripolles-Avila C, Martínez-Garcia M, Capellas M, Yuste J, Fung DYC, Rodríguez-Jerez JJ. From hazard analysis to risk control using rapid methods in microbiology: A practical approach for the food industry. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1877-1907. [PMID: 33337076 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The prevention of foodborne diseases is one of the main objectives of health authorities. To this effect, analytical techniques to detect and/or quantify the microbiological contamination of foods prior to their release onto the market are required. Management and control of foodborne pathogens have generally been based on conventional detection methodologies, which are not only time-consuming and labor-intensive but also involve high consumable materials costs. However, this management perspective has changed over time given that the food industry requires efficient analytical methods that obtain rapid results. This review covers the historical context of traditional methods and their passage in time through to the latest developments in rapid methods and their implementation in the food sector. Improvements and limitations in the detection of the most relevant pathogens are discussed from a perspective applicable to the current situation in the food industry. Considering efforts that are being done and recent developments, rapid and accurate methods already used in the food industry will be also affordable and portable and offer connectivity in near future, which improves decision-making and safety throughout the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ripolles-Avila
- Area of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Martínez-Garcia
- Area of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Capellas
- Area of Food Technology, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Yuste
- Area of Food Technology, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Y C Fung
- Call Hall, Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - José-Juan Rodríguez-Jerez
- Area of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Tseng TC, Liu CJ, Chang CT, Su TH, Yang WT, Tsai CH, Chen CL, Yang HC, Liu CH, Chen PJ, Chen DS, Kao JH. HEV superinfection accelerates disease progression in patients with chronic HBV infection and increases mortality in those with cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2020; 72:1105-1111. [PMID: 32006586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acute HEV infection causes varying degrees of liver damage. Although liver-related death due to HEV infection alone is rare in healthy individuals, it is unclear whether HEV superinfection is associated with worse outcomes in patients with chronic HBV infection. Thus, we explored whether HEV superinfection was associated with increased incidence of liver-related death, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Serum and data were collected from 2 independent retrospective cohorts of patients with chronic HBV infection, comprising 2,123 patients without cirrhosis and 414 with cirrhosis at baseline, respectively. All the patients were negative for HEV-IgG at enrolment and HEV superinfection was defined by the presence of HEV-IgG seroconversion. RESULTS In the non-cirrhotic cohort, 46 of 2,123 patients developed HEV superinfection. Though HEV superinfection was only associated with increased incidence of liver-related death in the overall cohort, it was a risk factor for all 3 endpoints (liver-related death, cirrhosis, and HCC) in a subgroup of 723 HBeAg-negative patients with chronic HBV infection. In addition, the 1-year mortality rate after HEV superinfection was higher in 4 patients who developed cirrhosis during the follow-up than in those who did not (50% vs. 2.4%, p = 0.001). To elucidate the perceived relationship between HEV superinfection and risk of mortality, an independent cohort of cirrhotic patients (n = 414) was further analyzed to control for the inherent increase in mortality risk due to cirrhosis. The 10 cirrhotic patients with HEV superinfection had a higher 1-year mortality rate than those without (30% vs. 0%, p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS In both cohorts of patients with chronic HBV infection, acute HEV superinfection increases the risk of liver-related death, especially in those with cirrhosis. LAY SUMMARY The mortality caused by acute hepatitis E virus infection is usually low in the healthy population, but it is unclear how it affects patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection, as they already have compromised liver function. Our data show that the 1-year mortality rate is 35.7% in patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis who contract hepatitis E virus. Hepatitis E may accelerate disease progression in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Chung Tseng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Crystal T Chang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Tung-Hung Su
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Yang
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsueh Tsai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ling Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chih Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hua Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jer Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Shinn Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei, Taiwan; Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Horng Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei, Taiwan.
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34
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Hennechart-Collette C, Martin-Latil S, Fraisse A, Niveau F, Perelle S. Virological analyses in collective catering outbreaks in France between 2012 and 2017. Food Microbiol 2020; 91:103546. [PMID: 32539952 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Enteric viruses cause the majority of foodborne illnesses and common symptoms of many foodborne illnesses include vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever. Among the enteric viruses, human Norovirus (NoV) and hepatitis virus (HAV and HEV) are the main viruses suspected to cause foodborne outbreaks and represent a serious public health. The study presents survey tools of viruses in a wide variety of foodstuffs and results obtained during 56 foodborne outbreaks investigation in France between 2012 and 2017. 246 suspected foods were examined for the presence of four human enteric viruses (NoV GI and NoV GII, HAV or HEV) either using methods described in the EN ISO 15216-1 or in house methods. All viral analysis of food samples were performed with the implementation of process control and an external amplification controls. Eighteen of 56 foodborne outbreaks investigated included at least one positive food sample (16/18 NoV, 1/18 HAV and 1/18 HEV). The genomic levels of four viruses detected ranged from < 102 to 107 genome copies per g or per L. This study showed the interest to develop methods for the extraction of viruses in different foodstuffs to increase the possibility to identify the association between viral illness and food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Martin-Latil
- Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratory for food Safety, F-94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Audrey Fraisse
- Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratory for food Safety, F-94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Florian Niveau
- Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratory for food Safety, F-94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sylvie Perelle
- Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratory for food Safety, F-94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.
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Sooryanarain H, Meng XJ. Swine hepatitis E virus: Cross-species infection, pork safety and chronic infection. Virus Res 2020; 284:197985. [PMID: 32333941 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.197985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Swine hepatitis E virus (swine HEV) belongs to the species Orthohepevirus A within the genus Orthohepevirus in the family Hepeviridae. Four different genotypes of swine HEV within the species Orthohepevirus A have been identified so far from domesticated and wild swine population: genotypes 3 (HEV-3) and 4 (HEV-4) swine HEVs are zoonotic and infect humans, whereas HEV-5 and HEV-6 are only identified from swine. As a zoonotic agent, swine HEV is an emerging public health concern in many industrialized countries. Pigs are natural reservoir for HEV, consumption of raw or undercooked pork is an important route of foodborne HEV transmission. Occupational risks such as direct contact with infected pigs also increase the risk of HEV transmission in humans. Cross-species infection of HEV-3 and HEV-4 have been documented under experimental and natural conditions. Both swine HEV-3 and swine HEV-4 infect non-human primates, the surrogates of man. Swine HEV, predominantly HEV-3, can establish chronic infection in immunocompromised patients especially in solid organ transplant recipients. The zoonotic HEV-3, and to lesser extent HEV-4, have also been shown to cause neurological diseases and kidney injury. In this review, we focus on the epidemiology of swine HEV, host and viral determinants influencing cross-species HEV infection, zoonotic infection and its associated pork safety concern, as well as swine HEV-associated chronic infection and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Sooryanarain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Xiang-Jin Meng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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Controlling hepatitis E virus in the pig production sector: Assessment of the technical and behavioural feasibility of on-farm risk mitigation strategies. Prev Vet Med 2019; 175:104866. [PMID: 31838401 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic agent with pigs as the main reservoir in industrialised countries. Recent studies conducted on pig farms, in experimental conditions or through modelling approaches, have led to a better understanding of the spread of HEV on pig farms. The findings have also made it possible to define a set of measures to reduce HEV prevalence and the risk of marketing contaminated products. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of a set of HEV control strategies on pig farms. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with farmers, veterinarians and farming advisors to collect general data, their level of knowledge of HEV, their opinion on the technical feasibility of certain changes in practices, their perception of the respective responsibilities of the different stakeholders, and their feelings about the importance of the issue, following the framework of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The interviews made it possible to highlight potential barriers and preferred motivators for the implementation of on-farm risk mitigation strategies. Barriers included lack of knowledge, scientific gaps, perceived inability to control HEV, and low perception of the importance of the issue. Motivators included professional satisfaction, family recognition, and the opportunity to achieve higher quality standards. Three clusters of stakeholders were also identified, with a group of leaders who could help unlock reluctance and disseminate innovations. This type of behavioural approach appeared useful to help risk managers facilitate zoonotic control on pig farms.
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Wu Y, Zhou L, Lu F, Bie X, Zhao H, Zhang C, Lu Z, Lu Y. Discovery of a Novel Antimicrobial Lipopeptide, Brevibacillin V, from Brevibacillus laterosporus fmb70 and Its Application on the Preservation of Skim Milk. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:12452-12460. [PMID: 31674183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing cases of infections by foodborne pathogenic bacteria resulted in a great demand to find safe and novel antimicrobial compounds that can be used in the food industry. The isolation and application of antimicrobial peptides including lipopeptides has been increasing tremendously in the past years. In this study, a new bacterial strain called Brevibacillus laterosporus fmb70 (fmb70) was isolated and exhibited strong antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. Two major antimicrobial components produced by fmb70 were respectively identified as lipopeptide: brevibacillin V (MW: 1570.12 Da) and brevibacillin (MW: 1583.75 Da), of which brevibacillin V was a new compound. Both of them consisted of 13 amino acids and C6 fatty acyl (FA) chain. Brevibacillin V and brevibacillin showed significant antimicrobial activities against most foodborne pathogenic bacteria and phytopathogenic fungi. They stayed activity at 100 °C and remained 50% of their antimicrobial activities at pH 3 for 22 h. Hemolytic activities of them were lower than 8%. They effectively eliminated the S. aureus GIM 1.142 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 21633 in skim milk. In conclusion, the Brevibacillus laterosporus fmb70 and its major antimicrobial components has remarkable potentials in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province 210095 , China
| | - Libang Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province 210095 , China
| | - Fengxia Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province 210095 , China
| | - Xiaomei Bie
- College of Food Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province 210095 , China
| | - Haizhen Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province 210095 , China
| | - Chong Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province 210095 , China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province 210095 , China
| | - Yingjian Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province 210023 , China
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38
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Hepatitis E virus infections in Europe. J Clin Virol 2019; 120:20-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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39
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Transfusion-Transmitted Hepatitis E Virus Infection in France. Transfus Med Rev 2019; 33:146-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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40
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Deguenon E, Dougnon V, Lozes E, Maman N, Agbankpe J, Abdel-Massih RM, Djegui F, Baba-Moussa L, Dougnon J. Resistance and virulence determinants of faecal Salmonella spp. isolated from slaughter animals in Benin. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:317. [PMID: 31174590 PMCID: PMC6556020 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4341-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Salmonella spp. are one of the leading foodborne pathogens worldwide naturally found in the intestines of many animals. People that are in direct contact with the infected animals or their cages may become ill. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, antibiogram and virulence genes associated with Salmonella serovars from fecal samples of animals intended for consumption in Southern Benin. RESULTS Out of a total of 406 samples, 2.46% were positive. The isolates identified were multidrug-resistant Salmonella spp. to penicillins, first generation cephalosporins and some aminoglycosides. All Salmonella isolates produced invA gene of 284 bp, fimA of 85 bp and stn of 260 bp. The spvC gene (571 bp) was present in 10% of the isolates whereas the spvR gene (310 bp) was found in 20% of the isolates. The control strain possessed all the tested genes. The invA gene implies that strains are able to invade epithelial cells. The fimA and stn genes present in all isolates show that they are capable of causing gastrointestinal illness in humans. The presence of spvC and spvR genes suggests the possibility of these strains to produce toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Deguenon
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 PO Box 2009, Cotonou, Benin.,Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, UAC, 05 PO Box 1604, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Victorien Dougnon
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 PO Box 2009, Cotonou, Benin.
| | - Evelyne Lozes
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 PO Box 2009, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Nana Maman
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 PO Box 2009, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Jerrold Agbankpe
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 PO Box 2009, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Roula M Abdel-Massih
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, El-Koura, Lebanon
| | - Fidélia Djegui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnosis and Serosurveillance of Parakou, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Parakou, Benin
| | - Lamine Baba-Moussa
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, UAC, 05 PO Box 1604, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Jacques Dougnon
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 PO Box 2009, Cotonou, Benin
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Raymond P, Houard E, Denis M, Esnault E. Diversity of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from pigs in a French slaughterhouse over 2 years. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e00751. [PMID: 30350482 PMCID: PMC6562139 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pig is one of the main reservoirs of Yersinia enterocolitica strains pathogenic to humans. A description of the Y. enterocolitica population in this reservoir, and accurate discriminatory techniques for typing isolates are needed for prevention, outbreak investigation, and surveillance. This study investigates the genetic diversity of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica isolates obtained from pig tonsils in a French pig slaughterhouse in 2009 (S1) and 2010 (S2). The use of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and MLVA as typing techniques was also compared and evaluated. First, a total of 167 isolates (12 of biotype 3 recovered during S1, and 155 of biotype 4 recovered during S1 and S2) were typed by PFGE using the XbaI enzyme. MLVA was then tested on all the biotype 3 isolates in addition to 70 selected biotype 4 isolates recovered over the 2 years. PFGE generated two specific XbaI-PFGE profiles for biotype 3 isolates. Nine XbaI profiles were obtained for biotype 4, with a higher diversity (ID = 0.599) than biotype 3 (ID = 0.167). Two out of the nine XbaI profiles were reported during both surveys and at different months. MLVA improved the differentiation between isolates; the index of diversity reached 0.621 and 0.958, respectively, for biotype 3 (three MLVA types) and biotype 4 (32 MLVA types). The MLVA types for biotype 4 differed over the two surveys, but some isolates with different MLVA types were genetically closely related. This study provides an initial evaluation of the genetic diversity of Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from pigs in France. We show that some PFGE profiles are maintained in the pig production sector, and, through MLVA, that part of the Y. enterocolitica population remained genetically close over the two years. MLVA proved its effectiveness as a tool for investigating pathogenic Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Raymond
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Ploufragan/Plouzané LaboratoryANSES, University of Bretagne‐LoirePloufraganFrance
| | - Emmanuelle Houard
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Ploufragan/Plouzané LaboratoryANSES, University of Bretagne‐LoirePloufraganFrance
| | - Martine Denis
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Ploufragan/Plouzané LaboratoryANSES, University of Bretagne‐LoirePloufraganFrance
| | - Emilie Esnault
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Ploufragan/Plouzané LaboratoryANSES, University of Bretagne‐LoirePloufraganFrance
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Denner J. Hepatitis E virus (HEV)-The Future. Viruses 2019; 11:E251. [PMID: 30871152 PMCID: PMC6466233 DOI: 10.3390/v11030251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis (HEV) is widely distributed in pigs and is transmitted with increasing numbers to humans by contact with pigs, contaminated food and blood transfusion. The virus is mostly apathogenic in pigs but may enhance the pathogenicity of other pig viruses. In humans, infection can lead to acute and chronic hepatitis and extrahepatic manifestations. In order to stop the emerging infection, effective counter-measures are required. First of all, transmission by blood products can be prevented by screening all blood donations. Meat and sausages should be appropriately cooked. Elimination of the virus from the entire pork production can be achieved by sensitive testing and elimination programs including early weaning, colostrum deprivation, Caesarean delivery, embryo transfer, treatment with antivirals, protection from de novo infection, and possibly vaccination. In addition, contaminated water, shellfish, vegetables, and fruits by HEV-contaminated manure should be avoided. A special situation is given in xenotransplantation using pig cells, tissues or organs in order to alleviate the lack of human transplants. The elimination of HEV from pigs, other animals and humans is consistent with the One Health concept, preventing subclinical infections in the animals as well as preventing transmission to humans and disease.
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Cevallos-Almeida M, Martin L, Houdayer C, Rose V, Guionnet JM, Paboeuf F, Denis M, Kerouanton A. Experimental infection of pigs by Salmonella Derby, S. Typhimurium and monophasic variant of S. Typhimurium: Comparison of colonization and serology. Vet Microbiol 2019; 231:147-153. [PMID: 30955802 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella serovars Derby, Typhimurium and the monophasic variant of Salmonella Typhimurium are the most frequently isolated serovars in pigs in France. To compare the excretion patterns, seroconversion to Salmonella and contamination of the organs of pigs inoculated with strains of all three serovars, we conducted an experimental trial with 28 SPF piglets. Four were used as a negative control, while the other 24 were divided equally into three groups. Each group was inoculated at 7 weeks of age with a different strain: S. Derby (SDb), S. Typhimurium (ST), and the monophasic variant of S. Typhimurium (mST). Fecal and blood samples were collected twice a week up until necropsy, on 21 days post-inoculation (DPI) for half of each group and 49 DPI for the remaining piglets. During necropsy, the tonsils, mesenteric lymph nodes and various intestinal contents were collected from each pig. Salmonella bacteria were quantified in CFU/g by a bacteriological method, and levels of Salmonella antibodies were measured using an ELISA Kit. Piglets inoculated with mST continuously excreted Salmonella in their feces throughout the trial. For each of the other serovars, one piglet was Salmonella-negative on one DPI. The quantity of Salmonella excreted was statistically different between the group inoculated with ST and mST (p < 0.05), but no differences were found between the other serovars. The tonsils, cecum and jejunum were the most contaminated organs in all groups. Seroconversion for all the piglets was completed by different DPI: 28 for ST, 31 for mST and 38 for SDb. No major differences were found in terms of excretion and colonization among the studied serovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cevallos-Almeida
- ANSES, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Laure Martin
- ANSES, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Catherine Houdayer
- ANSES, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Valerie Rose
- ANSES, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Jean-Marie Guionnet
- ANSES, SPF Pig Production and Experimental Unit, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Frédéric Paboeuf
- ANSES, SPF Pig Production and Experimental Unit, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Martine Denis
- ANSES, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Annaëlle Kerouanton
- ANSES, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France.
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Luciani L, Deharo P, Aherfi S, Chalvignac V, Borentain P, Colson P. Hepatitis E virus infection in heart transplant recipients, Southeastern France. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2019; 43:108-111. [PMID: 30497845 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Léa Luciani
- Aix-Marseille université, institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Assistance publique - hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), microbes, evolution, phylogeny and infection (MEΦI), institut hospitalo-universitaire (IHU) - Méditerranée Infection, 19-21, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Deharo
- Assistance publique - hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), centre hospitalo-universitaire Timone, service de cardiologie, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - Sarah Aherfi
- Aix-Marseille université, institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Assistance publique - hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), microbes, evolution, phylogeny and infection (MEΦI), institut hospitalo-universitaire (IHU) - Méditerranée Infection, 19-21, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Virginie Chalvignac
- Assistance publique - hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), centre hospitalo-universitaire Timone, service de chirurgie cardio-thoracique, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - Patrick Borentain
- Assistance publique - hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), centre hospitalo-universitaire Timone, service d'hépatologie-gastrologie-entérologie, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - Philippe Colson
- Aix-Marseille université, institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Assistance publique - hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), microbes, evolution, phylogeny and infection (MEΦI), institut hospitalo-universitaire (IHU) - Méditerranée Infection, 19-21, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France.
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45
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Lund BM. Provision of microbiologically safe food for vulnerable people in hospitals, care homes and in the community. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Rincé A, Balière C, Hervio-Heath D, Cozien J, Lozach S, Parnaudeau S, Le Guyader FS, Le Hello S, Giard JC, Sauvageot N, Benachour A, Strubbia S, Gourmelon M. Occurrence of Bacterial Pathogens and Human Noroviruses in Shellfish-Harvesting Areas and Their Catchments in France. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2443. [PMID: 30364306 PMCID: PMC6193098 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
During a 2-year study, the presence of human pathogenic bacteria and noroviruses was investigated in shellfish, seawater and/or surface sediments collected from three French coastal shellfish-harvesting areas as well as in freshwaters from the corresponding upstream catchments. Bacteria isolated from these samples were further analyzed. Escherichia coli isolates classified into the phylogenetic groups B2, or D and enterococci from Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium species were tested for the presence of virulence genes and for antimicrobial susceptibility. Salmonella members were serotyped and the most abundant serovars (Typhimurium and its monophasic variants and Mbandaka) were genetically characterized by high discriminative subtyping methods. Campylobacter and Vibrio were identified at the species level, and haemolysin-producing Vibrio parahaemolyticus were searched by tdh- and trh- gene detection. Main results showed a low prevalence of Salmonella in shellfish samples where only members of S. Mbandaka were found. Campylobacter were more frequently isolated than Salmonella and a different distribution of Campylobacter species was observed in shellfish compared to rivers, strongly suggesting possible additional inputs of bacteria. Statistical associations between enteric bacteria, human noroviruses (HuNoVs) and concentration of fecal indicator bacteria revealed that the presence of Salmonella was correlated with that of Campylobacter jejuni and/or C. coli as well as to E. coli concentration. A positive correlation was also found between the presence of C. lari and the detection of HuNoVs. This study highlights the importance of simultaneous detection and characterization of enteric and marine pathogenic bacteria and human noroviruses not only in shellfish but also in catchment waters for a hazard assessment associated with microbial contamination of shellfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Rincé
- UNICAEN, U2RM, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Charlotte Balière
- RBE-SG2M-LSEM, Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer, Brest, France
| | - Dominique Hervio-Heath
- RBE-SG2M-LSEM, Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer, Brest, France
| | - Joëlle Cozien
- RBE-SG2M-LSEM, Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer, Brest, France
| | - Solen Lozach
- RBE-SG2M-LSEM, Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer, Brest, France
| | - Sylvain Parnaudeau
- RBE-SG2M-LSEM, Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer, Brest, France
| | | | - Simon Le Hello
- Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Institut Pasteur,Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Sofia Strubbia
- Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Institut Pasteur,Paris, France
| | - Michèle Gourmelon
- RBE-SG2M-LSEM, Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer, Brest, France
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Morsy MK, Elsabagh R, Trinetta V. Evaluation of novel synergistic antimicrobial activity of nisin, lysozyme, EDTA nanoparticles, and/or ZnO nanoparticles to control foodborne pathogens on minced beef. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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48
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Menanteau P, Kempf F, Trotereau J, Virlogeux-Payant I, Gitton E, Dalifard J, Gabriel I, Rychlik I, Velge P. Role of systemic infection, cross contaminations and super-shedders in Salmonella carrier state in chicken. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:3246-3260. [PMID: 29921019 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carriage of Salmonella is often associated with a high level of bacterial excretion and generally occurs after a short systemic infection. However, we do not know whether this systemic infection is required or whether the carrier-state corresponds to continuous reinfection or real persistence in caecal tissue. The use of a Salmonella Enteritidis bamB mutant demonstrated that a carrier-state could be obtained in chicken in the absence of systemic infection. The development of a new infection model in isolator showed that a marked decrease in animal reinfection and host-to-host transmission between chicks led to a heterogeneity of S. Enteritidis excretion and colonization contrary to what was observed in cages. This heterogeneity of infection was characterized by the presence of super-shedders, which constantly disseminated Salmonella to the low-shedder chicks, mainly through airborne movements of contaminated dust particles. The presence of super-shedders, in the absence of host-to-host transmission, demonstrated that constant reinfection was not required to induce a carrier-state. Finally, our results suggest that low-shedder chicks do not have a higher capability to destroy Salmonella but instead can block initial Salmonella colonization. This new paradigm opens new avenues to improve understanding of the carrier-state mechanisms and to define new strategies to control Salmonella infections.© 2018 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierrette Menanteau
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR 1282, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Florent Kempf
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR 1282, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Jérôme Trotereau
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR 1282, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Edouard Gitton
- Plate-Forme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale, INRA, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Julie Dalifard
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR 1282, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Philippe Velge
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR 1282, 37380, Nouzilly, France
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49
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El Kheir SM, Cherrat L, Awussi AA, Ramia NE, Taha S, Rahman A, Passerini D, Leroi F, Petit J, Mangavel C, Revol-Junelles AM, Borges F. High-Throughput Identification of Candidate Strains for Biopreservation by Using Bioluminescent Listeria monocytogenes. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1883. [PMID: 30174662 PMCID: PMC6107680 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes a method for high-throughput competition assays using a bioluminescent strain of L. monocytogenes. This method is based on the use of the luminescent indicator strain L. monocytogenes EGDelux. The luminescence of this strain is correlated to growth, which make it suitable to monitor the growth of L. monocytogenes in mixed cultures. To this aim, luminescence kinetics were converted into a single numerical value, called the Luminescence Disturbance Indicator (LDI), which takes into account growth inhibition phenomena resulting in latency increase, decrease in the luminescence rate, or reduction of the maximum luminescence. The LDI allows to automatically and simultaneously handle multiple competition assays which are required for high-throughput screening (HTS) approaches. The method was applied to screen a collection of 1810 strains isolated from raw cow’s milk in order to identify non-acidifying strains with anti-L. monocytogenes bioprotection properties. This method was also successfully used to identify anti-L. monocytogenes candidates within a collection of Lactococcus piscium, a species where antagonism was previously described as non-diffusible and requiring cell-to-cell contact. In conclusion, bioluminescent L. monocytogenes can be used in HTS to identify strains with anti-L. monocytogenes bioprotection properties, irrespectively of the inhibition mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M El Kheir
- Université de Lorraine, LIBio, Nancy, France.,Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Appliquées, EDST, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | | | | | - Nancy E Ramia
- Université de Lorraine, LIBio, Nancy, France.,Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Appliquées, EDST, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Samir Taha
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Appliquées, EDST, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Abdur Rahman
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Delphine Passerini
- Laboratoire Ecosystèmes Microbiens et Molécules Marines pour les Biotechnologies, Ifremer, Nantes, France
| | - Françoise Leroi
- Laboratoire Ecosystèmes Microbiens et Molécules Marines pour les Biotechnologies, Ifremer, Nantes, France
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50
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Roche SM, Holbert S, Trotereau J, Schaeffer S, Georgeault S, Virlogeux-Payant I, Velge P. Salmonella Typhimurium Invalidated for the Three Currently Known Invasion Factors Keeps Its Ability to Invade Several Cell Models. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:273. [PMID: 30148118 PMCID: PMC6095967 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To establish an infection, Salmonella has to interact with eukaryotic cells. Invasion of non-phagocytic cells (i.e., epithelial, fibroblast and endothelial cells) involves either a trigger or a zipper mechanism mediated by the T3SS-1 or the invasin Rck, respectively. Another outer membrane protein, PagN, was also implicated in the invasion. However, other unknown invasion factors have been previously suggested. Our goal was to evaluate the invasion capability of a Salmonella Typhimurium strain invalidated for the three known invasion factors. Non-phagocytic cell lines of several animal origins were tested in a gentamicin protection assay. In most cells, we observed a drastic decrease in the invasion rate between the wild-type and the triple mutant. However, in five cell lines, the triple mutant invaded cells at a similarly high level to the wild-type, suggesting the existence of unidentified invasion factors. For the wild-type and the triple mutant, scanning-electron microscopy, confocal imaging and use of biochemical inhibitors confirmed their cellular uptake and showed a zipper-like mechanism of internalization involving both clathrin- and non-clathrin-dependent pathways. Despite a functional T3SS-1, the wild-type bacteria seemed to use the same entry route as the mutant in our cell model. All together, these results demonstrate the existence of unknown Salmonella invasion factors, which require further characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie M. Roche
- ISP, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1282, Université de Tours, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Holbert
- ISP, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1282, Université de Tours, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Trotereau
- ISP, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1282, Université de Tours, Paris, France
| | - Samantha Schaeffer
- ISP, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1282, Université de Tours, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR 1162, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Paris, France
| | - Sonia Georgeault
- Plateforme des Microscopies, Université et CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Isabelle Virlogeux-Payant
- ISP, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1282, Université de Tours, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Velge
- ISP, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1282, Université de Tours, Paris, France
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