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Radl J, Martínez Villegas L, Smith JS, Tirpak RA, Perry KI, Wetmore D, Tunis E, Smithberger J, Schuellerman H, Magistrado D, Winston RJ, Short SM. Mosquito abundance and diversity in central Ohio, USA vary among stormwater wetlands, retention ponds, and detention ponds and their associated environmental parameters. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305399. [PMID: 38917214 PMCID: PMC11198753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are one of the most impactful pests to human society, both as a nuisance and a potential vector of human and animal pathogens. Mosquito larvae develop in still aquatic environments. Eliminating these habitats near high human density or managing them to reduce the suitability for mosquitoes will reduce mosquito populations in these human environments and decrease the overall negative impact of mosquitoes on humans. One common source of standing water in urban and suburban environments is the water that pools in stormwater control measures. Previous studies have shown that some stormwater control measures generate large numbers of mosquitoes while others harbor none, and the reason for this difference remains unclear. Our study focuses on elucidating the factors that cause a stormwater control measure to be more or less suitable for mosquitoes. During the summers of 2021 and 2022, we collected and identified mosquito larvae from thirty stormwater control measures across central Ohio to assess variation in mosquito abundance and diversity among sites. Our goal was to determine if specific types of stormwater control measures (retention ponds, detention ponds, or constructed wetlands) harbored different abundances of mosquitoes or different community structures. We also assessed environmental parameters of these sites to elucidate their effects on mosquito abundance and diversity. Overall, we recorded the highest number of mosquito larvae and species in constructed wetlands. However, these sites were dominated by the innocuous species, Culex territans. Conversely, detention ponds held fewer mosquitoes but a higher proportion of known vector species, including Culex pipiens and Aedes vexans. The total number of mosquitoes across all sites was correlated with higher vegetation, more shade, lower water temperatures, and lower pH, suggesting stormwater control measures with these features may also be hotspots for mosquito proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Radl
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Luis Martínez Villegas
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Joseph S. Smith
- Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - R. Andrew Tirpak
- Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kayla I. Perry
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Deirdre Wetmore
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Elena Tunis
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jack Smithberger
- Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Henry Schuellerman
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Dom Magistrado
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ryan J. Winston
- Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sarah M. Short
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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Matte T, Lane K, Tipaldo JF, Barnes J, Knowlton K, Torem E, Anand G, Yoon L, Marcotullio P, Balk D, Constible J, Elszasz H, Ito K, Jessel S, Limaye V, Parks R, Rutigliano M, Sorenson C, Yuan A. NPCC4: Climate change and New York City's health risk. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2024. [PMID: 38922909 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
This chapter of the New York City Panel on Climate Change 4 (NPCC4) report considers climate health risks, vulnerabilities, and resilience strategies in New York City's unique urban context. It updates evidence since the last health assessment in 2015 as part of NPCC2 and addresses climate health risks and vulnerabilities that have emerged as especially salient to NYC since 2015. Climate health risks from heat and flooding are emphasized. In addition, other climate-sensitive exposures harmful to human health are considered, including outdoor and indoor air pollution, including aeroallergens; insect vectors of human illness; waterborne infectious and chemical contaminants; and compounding of climate health risks with other public health emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence-informed strategies for reducing future climate risks to health are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Matte
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kathryn Lane
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jenna F Tipaldo
- CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy and CUNY Institute for Demographic Research, New York, New York, USA
| | - Janice Barnes
- Climate Adaptation Partners, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kim Knowlton
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emily Torem
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gowri Anand
- City of New York, Department of Transportation, New York, New York, USA
| | - Liv Yoon
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Peter Marcotullio
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, Hunter College, CUNY, New York, New York, USA
| | - Deborah Balk
- Marxe School of Public and International Affairs, Baruch College and also CUNY Institute for Demographic Research, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Hayley Elszasz
- City of New York, Mayors Office of Climate and Environmental Justice, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kazuhiko Ito
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sonal Jessel
- WE ACT for Environmental Justice, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vijay Limaye
- Natural Resources Defense Council, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robbie Parks
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mallory Rutigliano
- New York City Mayor's Office of Management and Budget, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cecilia Sorenson
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Global Consortium on Climate and Health Education, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ariel Yuan
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York, USA
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3
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Bayles BR, George MF, Christofferson RC. Long-term trends and spatial patterns of West Nile Virus emergence in California, 2004-2021. Zoonoses Public Health 2024; 71:258-266. [PMID: 38110854 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS West Nile Virus (WNV) has remained a persistent source of vector-borne disease risk in California since first being identified in the state in 2003. The geographic distribution of WNV activity is relatively widespread, but varies considerably across different regions within the state. Spatial variation in human WNV infection depends upon social-ecological factors that influence mosquito populations and virus transmission dynamics. Measuring changes in spatial patterns over time is necessary for uncovering the underlying regional drivers of disease risk. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we utilized statewide surveillance data to quantify temporal changes and spatial patterns of WNV activity in California. We obtained annual WNV mosquito surveillance data from 2004 through 2021 from the California Arbovirus Surveillance Program. Geographic coordinates for mosquito pools were analysed using a suite of spatial statistics to identify and classify patterns in WNV activity over time. CONCLUSIONS We detected clear patterns of non-random WNV risk during the study period, including emerging hot spots in the Central Valley and non-random periods of oscillating WNV risk in Southern and Northern California subregions. Our findings offer new insights into 18 years of spatio-temporal variation in WNV activity across California, which may be used for targeted surveillance efforts and public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett R Bayles
- Department of Global Public Health, Dominican University of California, San Rafael, California, USA
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Michaela F George
- Department of Global Public Health, Dominican University of California, San Rafael, California, USA
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4
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Pless E, Powell JR, Seger KR, Ellis B, Gloria‐Soria A. Evidence for serial founder events during the colonization of North America by the yellow fever mosquito,
Aedes aegypti. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8896. [PMID: 35592063 PMCID: PMC9102526 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Aedes aegypti mosquito first invaded the Americas about 500 years ago and today is a widely distributed invasive species and the primary vector for viruses causing dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever. Here, we test the hypothesis that the North American colonization by Ae. aegypti occurred via a series of founder events. We present findings on genetic diversity, structure, and demographic history using data from 70 Ae. aegypti populations in North America that were genotyped at 12 microsatellite loci and/or ~20,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms, the largest genetic study of the region to date. We find evidence consistent with colonization driven by serial founder effect (SFE), with Florida as the putative source for a series of westward invasions. This scenario was supported by (1) a decrease in the genetic diversity of Ae. aegypti populations moving west, (2) a correlation between pairwise genetic and geographic distances, and (3) demographic analysis based on allele frequencies. A few Ae. aegypti populations on the west coast do not follow the general trend, likely due to a recent and distinct invasion history. We argue that SFE provides a helpful albeit simplified model for the movement of Ae. aegypti across North America, with outlier populations warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evlyn Pless
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA
- Department of Anthropology University of California Davis California USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Powell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA
| | | | - Brett Ellis
- U.S. Virgin Islands Department of Health Christiansted VI USA
| | - Andrea Gloria‐Soria
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station New Haven Connecticut USA
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Calle-Tobón A, Holguin-Rocha AF, Moore C, Rippee-Brooks M, Rozo-Lopez P, Harrod J, Fatehi S, Rua-Uribe GL, Park Y, Londoño-Rentería B. Blood Meals With Active and Heat-Inactivated Serum Modifies the Gene Expression and Microbiome of Aedes albopictus. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:724345. [PMID: 34566927 PMCID: PMC8458951 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.724345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Asian "tiger mosquito" Aedes albopictus is currently the most widely distributed disease-transmitting mosquito in the world. Its geographical expansion has also allowed the expansion of multiple arboviruses like dengue, Zika, and chikungunya, to higher latitudes. Due to the enormous risk to global public health caused by mosquitoes species vectors of human disease, and the challenges in slowing their expansion, it is necessary to develop new and environmentally friendly vector control strategies. Among these, host-associated microbiome-based strategies have emerged as promising options. In this study, we performed an RNA-seq analysis on dissected abdomens of Ae. albopictus females from Manhattan, KS, United States fed with sugar and human blood containing either normal or heat-inactivated serum, to evaluate the effect of heat inactivation on gene expression, the bacteriome transcripts and the RNA virome of this mosquito species. Our results showed at least 600 genes with modified expression profile when mosquitoes were fed with normal vs. heat-inactivated-containing blood. These genes were mainly involved in immunity, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, and oogenesis. Also, we observed bacteriome changes with an increase in transcripts of Actinobacteria, Rhodospirillaceae, and Anaplasmataceae at 6 h post-feeding. We also found that feeding with normal blood seems to particularly influence Wolbachia metabolism, demonstrated by a significant increase in transcripts of this bacteria in mosquitoes fed with blood containing normal serum. However, no differences were observed in the virome core of this mosquito population. These results suggest that heat and further inactivation of complement proteins in human serum may have profound effect on mosquito and microbiome metabolism, which could influence interpretation of the pathogen-host interaction findings when using this type of reagents specially when measuring the effect of Wolbachia in vector competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arley Calle-Tobón
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
- Grupo Entomología Médica, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Celois Moore
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Meagan Rippee-Brooks
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, United States
| | - Paula Rozo-Lopez
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Jania Harrod
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Soheila Fatehi
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | | | - Yoonseong Park
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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Kartini K, Sofia S, Nasrullah N. Development of Smartphone-Based Early Alerts and Mosquito Monitoring System and Geographic Instrument System Applications. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: At present, dengue fever is a threat to society and causes rapid death. Aedes aegypti mosquito bites can transmit disease to the public. Environmental factors in society are the primary role that can transmit Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF).
AIM: Creating a survey system using a smartphone for early alertness to larva monitoring in the Darul Imarah sub-district, Aceh Besar district.
METHODS: This study used a descriptive quantitative approach which was carried out by the survey method. The research location is located in Darul Imarah District, Aceh Besar District. Primary data contain the value of the Container index (CI), House index (HI), and Breteau index (BI). This study’s population was all cadres of Juru Jentik (jumantik) in the area of Darul Imarah District, AcehBesar District. The sample in this study was taken from a cadre of larva monitoring officers (jumantik) in the district of Darul Imarah, Aceh Besar. The data collection stage includes data collection of DHF cases from the Puskesmas and data entry. Then proceed with taking the coordinates of the research location and entering the HI and CI, and News Index (BI) data. Data collection begins with data buffering, grouping, and kernel density to be processed into Geographics Instrument System (GIS)-based data. then Analyze descriptive data to describe Smartphone Link. Next, Analytical Analysis of GIS Research Instruments is carried out followed by a checklist of CI, HI, BI data.
RESULTS: The results of research on larvae monitoring in Darul Imarah sub-district, it is known that of the 120 houses that were inspected for larvae, 74 houses were cheerful 46 houses were negative for larvae. The number of containers inspected from 120 houses was 502, with the results that 309 houses were found to be larvae and 193 houses were not found. The HI value obtained was 62%, the CI value was 61%, the BI value was 103%, the larva-free number value obtained was 38.3%. Based on these results, it is known that the density figure level is at the larva density level, which is included in the high-density category. In 2018, there were 16 cases of DHF in Darul Imarah District; in 2019, it increased to 60 cases, and in 2020 to 13 cases. The results of buffer analysis in the zone 50 m from the dengue case sufferer’s house showed that mosquitoes originating from the house of the dengue case sufferers were a risk factor that resulted in the transmission of dengue.
CONCLUSION: From the survey results, it is known that the density figure is in the high larva density category. The smartphone method is better used for larva density surveys by cadres than manual. Regular larva monitoring will increase this alert system to anticipate cases.
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7
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Rothman SE, Jones JA, LaDeau SL, Leisnham PT. Higher West Nile Virus Infection in Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes From Lower Income Neighborhoods in Urban Baltimore, MD. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:1424-1428. [PMID: 33257956 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The temperate United States has experienced increasing incidence of mosquito-borne diseases. Recent studies conducted in Baltimore, MD have demonstrated a negative relationship between abundances of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Culex mosquitoes and mean neighborhood income level, but have not looked at the presence of pathogens. Mosquitoes collected from five socioeconomically variable neighborhoods were tested for infection by West Nile, chikungunya, and Zika viruses in 2015 and 2016, and again from four of the neighborhoods in 2017. Minimum infection rates of pooled samples were compared among neighborhoods for each year, as well as among individual blocks in 2017. West Nile virus was detected in both Ae. albopictus and Culex pools from all neighborhoods sampled in 2015 and 2017. No infected pools were detected in any year for chikungunya or Zika viruses, and none of the target viruses were detected in 2016. Infection rates were consistently higher for Culex than for Ae. albopictus. Minimum infection rate was negatively associated with mean neighborhood income for both species in 2015. Although earlier work has shown a positive association between block-level abandonment and mosquito abundance, no association was detected in this study. Still, we demonstrate that viral infection in mosquito pools can differ substantially across adjacent urban neighborhoods that vary by income. Though trap security and accessibility often inform city sampling locations, detecting and managing arboviral risk requires surveillance across neighborhoods that vary in socioeconomics, including lower income areas that may be less accessible and secure but have higher infection rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Rothman
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, MD
| | - Jennifer A Jones
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, MD
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
| | | | - Paul T Leisnham
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, MD
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8
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Ligsay A, Telle O, Paul R. Challenges to Mitigating the Urban Health Burden of Mosquito-Borne Diseases in the Face of Climate Change. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5035. [PMID: 34068688 PMCID: PMC8126106 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18095035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cities worldwide are facing ever-increasing pressure to develop mitigation strategies for all sectors to deal with the impacts of climate change. Cities are expected to house 70% of the world's population by 2050, and developing related resilient health systems is a significant challenge. Because of their physical nature, cities' surface temperatures are often substantially higher than that of the surrounding rural areas, generating the so-called Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. Whilst considerable emphasis has been placed on strategies to mitigate against the UHI-associated negative health effects of heat and pollution in cities, mosquito-borne diseases have largely been ignored. However, the World Health Organization estimates that one of the main consequences of global warming will be an increased burden of mosquito-borne diseases, many of which have an urban facet to their epidemiology and thus the global population exposed to these pathogens will steadily increase. Current health mitigation strategies for heat and pollution, for example, may, however, be detrimental for mosquito-borne diseases. Implementation of multi-sectoral strategies that can benefit many sectors (such as water, labor, and health) do exist or can be envisaged and would enable optimal use of the meagre resources available. Discussion among multi-sectoral stakeholders should be actively encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ligsay
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines;
- Clinical and Health-Related Research, St. Luke’s Medical Center WHQM College of Medicine, Quezon City 1112, Philippines
| | - Olivier Telle
- CNRS, Géographie-Cités, Paris 1 Université Paris-Sorbonne, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Richard Paul
- Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR 2000 (CNRS), 75015 Paris, France
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9
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Holeva-Eklund WM, Behrens TK, Hepp CM. Systematic review: the impact of socioeconomic factors on Aedes aegypti mosquito distribution in the mainland United States. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2021; 36:63-75. [PMID: 32853170 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are primary vectors of dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika viruses. Ae. aegypti is highly anthropophilic and relies nearly exclusively on human blood meals and habitats for reproduction. Socioeconomic factors may be associated with the spread of Ae. aegypti due to their close relationship with humans. This paper describes and summarizes the published literature on the association between socioeconomic variables and the distribution of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in the mainland United States. A comprehensive search of PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCO Academic Search Complete through June 12, 2019 was used to retrieve all articles published in English on the association of socioeconomic factors and the distribution of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. Additionally, a hand search of mosquito control association websites was conducted in an attempt to identify relevant grey literature. Articles were screened for eligibility using the process described in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Initially, 3,493 articles were identified through the database searches and previously known literature. After checking for duplicates, 2,145 articles remained. 570 additional records were identified through the grey literature search for a total of 2,715 articles. These articles were screened for eligibility using their titles and abstracts, and 2,677 articles were excluded for not meeting the eligibility criteria. Finally, the full text for each of the remaining articles (n=38) was read to determine eligibility. Through this screening process, 11 articles were identified for inclusion in this review. The findings for these 11 studies revealed inconsistent relationships between the studied socioeconomic factors and the distribution and abundance of Ae. aegypti. The findings of this review suggest a gap in the literature and understanding of the association between anthropogenic factors and the distribution of Ae. aegypti that could hinder efforts to implement effective public health prevention and control strategies should a disease outbreak occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney M Holeva-Eklund
- Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Timothy K Behrens
- Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
- College of Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Crystal M Hepp
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
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10
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Hodge JM, Yurchenko AA, Karagodin DA, Masri RA, Smith RC, Gordeev MI, Sharakhova MV. The new Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 diagnostic tool clarifies the taxonomic position and geographic distribution of the North American malaria vector Anopheles punctipennis. Malar J 2021; 20:141. [PMID: 33691700 PMCID: PMC7944907 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03676-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The malaria mosquito Anopheles punctipennis, a widely distributed species in North America, is capable of transmitting human malaria and is actively involved in the transmission of the ungulate malaria parasite Plasmodium odocoilei. However, molecular diagnostic tools based on Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA are lacking for this species. Anopheles punctipennis is a former member of the Anopheles maculipennis complex but its systematic position remains unclear. Methods In this study, ITS2 sequences were obtained from 276 An. punctipennis specimens collected in the eastern and midwestern United States and a simple and robust Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism approach for species identification was developed. The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree was constructed based on ITS2 sequences available through this study and from GenBank for 20 species of Anopheles. Results The analysis demonstrated a consistent ITS2 sequence length and showed no indications of intragenomic variation among the samples based on ITS2, suggesting that An. punctipennis represents a single species in the studied geographic locations. In this study, An. punctipennis was found in urban, rural, and forest settings, suggesting its potential broad role in pathogen transmission. Phylogeny based on ITS2 sequence comparison demonstrated the close relationship of this species with other members of the Maculipennis group. Conclusions This study developed molecular tools based on ITS2 sequences for the malaria vector An. punctipennis and clarified the phylogenetic position of the species within the Maculipennis group.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Hodge
- Department of Entomology and the Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Andrey A Yurchenko
- Department of Entomology and the Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.,Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics of Insects, the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Kurchatov Genomics Center, the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitriy A Karagodin
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics of Insects, the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Reem A Masri
- Department of Entomology and the Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Ryan C Smith
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Mikhail I Gordeev
- Department of General Biology and Ecology, Moscow Region State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria V Sharakhova
- Department of Entomology and the Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA. .,Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics of Insects, the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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11
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Kellemen M, Ye J, Moreno-Madriñan MJ. Exploring for Municipality-Level Socioeconomic Variables Related to Zika Virus Incidence in Colombia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1831. [PMID: 33668584 PMCID: PMC7918893 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Colombia experienced an outbreak of Zika virus infection during September 2015 until July 2016. This study aimed to identify the socioeconomic factors that at the municipality level correlate with this outbreak and therefore could have influenced its incidence. An analysis of publicly available, municipality-aggregated data related to eight potential explanatory socioeconomic variables was conducted. These variables are school dropout, low energy strata, social security system, savings capacity, tax, resources, investment, and debt. The response variable of interest in this study is the number of reported cases of Zika virus infection per people (projected) per square kilometer. Binomial regression models were performed. Results show that the best predictor variables of Zika virus occurrence, assuming an expected inverse relationship with socioeconomic status, are "school", "energy", and "savings". Contrary to expectations, proxies of socioeconomic status such as "investment", "tax", and "resources" were associated with an increase in the occurrence of Zika virus infection, while no association was detected for "social security" and "debt". Energy stratification, school dropout rate, and the percentage of the municipality's income that is saved conformed to the hypothesized inverse relationship between socioeconomic standing and Zika occurrence. As such, this study suggests these factors should be considered in Zika risk modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Kellemen
- Department of Global Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Statistics, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA;
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Halabi SF. Adaptation of Animal and Human Health Surveillance Systems for Vector-Borne Diseases Accompanying Climate Change. THE JOURNAL OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS : A JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS 2020; 48:694-704. [PMID: 33404328 DOI: 10.1177/1073110520979375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change is causing temperature rise in temperate zones resulting in climate conditions more similar to subtropical zones. As a result, rising temperatures increase the range of disease-carrying insects to new areas outside of subtropical zones, and increased precipitation causes flooding that is more hospitable for vector breeding. State governments, the federal government, and governmental agencies, like the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of USDA and the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (NNDSS) of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, lack a coordinated plan for vector-borne disease accompanying climate change. APHIS focuses its surveillance primarily on the effect of illness on agricultural production, while NNDSS focuses on the emergence of pathogens affecting human health. This article provides an analysis of the current framework of surveillance of, and response to, vector-borne infectious diseases, the impacts of climate change on the spread of vector-borne infectious diseases, and recommends changes to federal law to address these threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam F Halabi
- Sam F. Halabi, J.D., M.Phil., is the Manley O. Hudson Professor of Law at University of Missouri-Columbia School of Law and a Scholar at the O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law at Georgetown University. He is the Co-Chair of the Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications Working Group of the Global Virome Project and a member of the Executive Board of USAID's One Health Workforce-Next Generation project. He received a B.A. and a B.S. from Kansas State University in Manhattan, Kansas, an M.Phil. from University of Oxford in Oxford, United Kingdom, and a J.D. from Harvard Law School in Cambridge, Massachusetts
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13
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Snyder RE, Feiszli T, Foss L, Messenger S, Fang Y, Barker CM, Reisen WK, Vugia DJ, Padgett KA, Kramer VL. West Nile virus in California, 2003-2018: A persistent threat. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008841. [PMID: 33206634 PMCID: PMC7710070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The California Arbovirus Surveillance Program was initiated over 50 years ago to track endemic encephalitides and was enhanced in 2000 to include West Nile virus (WNV) infections in humans, mosquitoes, sentinel chickens, dead birds and horses. This comprehensive statewide program is a function of strong partnerships among the California Department of Public Health (CDPH), the University of California, and local vector control and public health agencies. This manuscript summarizes WNV surveillance data in California since WNV was first detected in 2003 in southern California. From 2003 through 2018, 6,909 human cases of WNV disease, inclusive of 326 deaths, were reported to CDPH, as well as 730 asymptomatic WNV infections identified during screening of blood and organ donors. Of these, 4,073 (59.0%) were reported as West Nile neuroinvasive disease. California's WNV disease burden comprised 15% of all cases that were reported to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention during this time, more than any other state. Additionally, 1,299 equine WNV cases were identified, along with detections of WNV in 23,322 dead birds, 31,695 mosquito pools, and 7,340 sentinel chickens. Annual enzootic detection of WNV typically preceded detection in humans and prompted enhanced intervention to reduce the risk of WNV transmission. Peak WNV activity occurred from July through October in the Central Valley and southern California. Less than five percent of WNV activity occurred in other regions of the state or outside of this time. WNV continues to be a major threat to public and wild avian health in California, particularly in southern California and the Central Valley during summer and early fall months. Local and state public health partners must continue statewide human and mosquito surveillance and facilitate effective mosquito control and bite prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E. Snyder
- California Department of Public Health, Vector-Borne Disease Section, Richmond and Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Tina Feiszli
- California Department of Public Health, Vector-Borne Disease Section, Richmond and Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Leslie Foss
- California Department of Public Health, Vector-Borne Disease Section, Richmond and Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Sharon Messenger
- California Department of Public Health, Division of Communicable Disease Control, Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Ying Fang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Barker
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - William K. Reisen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Duc J. Vugia
- California Department of Public Health, Division of Communicable Disease Control, Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Kerry A. Padgett
- California Department of Public Health, Vector-Borne Disease Section, Richmond and Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Vicki L. Kramer
- California Department of Public Health, Vector-Borne Disease Section, Richmond and Sacramento, California, United States of America
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Lord CC, Lounibos LP, Pohedra JJ, Alto BW. Effects of Mosquito Biology on Modeled Chikungunya Virus Invasion Potential in Florida. Viruses 2020; 12:v12080830. [PMID: 32751566 PMCID: PMC7472381 DOI: 10.3390/v12080830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus have been introduced to Florida on many occasions. Infrequently, these introductions lead to sporadic local transmission and, more rarely, sustained local transmission. Both mosquito species are present in Florida, with spatio-temporal variation in population composition. We developed a two-vector compartmental, deterministic model to investigate factors influencing Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) establishment. The model includes a nonlinear, temperature-dependent mosquito mortality function based on minimum mortality in a central temperature region. Latin Hypercube sampling was used to generate parameter sets used to simulate transmission dynamics, following the introduction of one infected human. The analysis was repeated for three values of the mortality function central temperature. Mean annual temperature was consistently important in the likelihood of epidemics, and epidemics increased as the central temperature increased. Ae. albopictus recruitment was influential at the lowest central temperature while Ae. aegypti recruitment was influential at higher central temperatures. Our results indicate that the likelihood of CHIKV establishment may vary, but overall Florida is permissive for introductions. Model outcomes were sensitive to the specifics of mosquito mortality. Mosquito biology parameters are variable, and improved understanding of this variation will improve our ability to predict the outcome of introductions.
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Chen LH, Kozarsky PE, Visser LG. What's Old Is New Again: The Re-emergence of Yellow Fever in Brazil and Vaccine Shortages. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 68:1761-1762. [PMID: 30204852 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever outbreaks have continued to occur and caused infection and deaths in travelers from non-endemic regions. Yellow fever vaccine has proven effective, but vaccination decisions require balancing benefits with risks. Of concern is the continued vaccine shortage worldwide, including of the YF-VAX® stockout in North America, which has presented many challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin H Chen
- Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Le Tortorec A, Matusali G, Mahé D, Aubry F, Mazaud-Guittot S, Houzet L, Dejucq-Rainsford N. From Ancient to Emerging Infections: The Odyssey of Viruses in the Male Genital Tract. Physiol Rev 2020; 100:1349-1414. [PMID: 32031468 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00021.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The male genital tract (MGT) is the target of a number of viral infections that can have deleterious consequences at the individual, offspring, and population levels. These consequences include infertility, cancers of male organs, transmission to the embryo/fetal development abnormalities, and sexual dissemination of major viral pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus. Lately, two emerging viruses, Zika and Ebola, have additionally revealed that the human MGT can constitute a reservoir for viruses cleared from peripheral circulation by the immune system, leading to their sexual transmission by cured men. This represents a concern for future epidemics and further underlines the need for a better understanding of the interplay between viruses and the MGT. We review here how viruses, from ancient viruses that integrated the germline during evolution through old viruses (e.g., papillomaviruses originating from Neanderthals) and more modern sexually transmitted infections (e.g., simian zoonotic HIV) to emerging viruses (e.g., Ebola and Zika) take advantage of genital tract colonization for horizontal dissemination, viral persistence, vertical transmission, and endogenization. The MGT immune responses to viruses and the impact of these infections are discussed. We summarize the latest data regarding the sources of viruses in semen and the complex role of this body fluid in sexual transmission. Finally, we introduce key animal findings that are relevant for our understanding of viral infection and persistence in the human MGT and suggest future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Le Tortorec
- University of Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
| | - Giulia Matusali
- University of Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Mahé
- University of Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
| | - Florence Aubry
- University of Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
| | - Séverine Mazaud-Guittot
- University of Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
| | - Laurent Houzet
- University of Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
| | - Nathalie Dejucq-Rainsford
- University of Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
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Girard YA, Santa Maria F, Lanteri MC. Inactivation of yellow fever virus with amotosalen and ultraviolet A light pathogen-reduction technology. Transfusion 2020; 60:622-627. [PMID: 31957887 PMCID: PMC7078960 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reemergence of yellow fever virus (YFV) in Africa and Brazil, and massive vaccine campaigns triggered to contain the outbreaks, have raised concerns over blood transfusion safety and availability with increased risk of YFV transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) by native and vaccine-acquired YFV. Blood donor deferral for 2 to 4 weeks following live attenuated YFV vaccination, and deferral for travel to endemic/epidemic areas, may result in blood donor loss and impact platelet component (PC) stocks. This study investigated the efficacy of INTERCEPT Blood System pathogen reduction (PR) with use of amotosalen and ultraviolet A (UVA) light to inactivate high levels of YFV in PCs. MATERIALS Four units of apheresis platelets prepared in 35% plasma/65% platelet additive solution (PC-PAS) and 4 units of PC in 100% human plasma (PC-Plasma) were spiked with high infectious titers of YFV (YFV-17D vaccine strain). YFV-17D infectious titers were measured by plaque assay and expressed as plaque-forming units (PFU) before and after amotosalen/UVA treatment to determine log reduction. RESULTS The mean YFV-17D infectious titers in PC before inactivation were 5.5 ± 0.1 log PFU/mL in PC-PAS and 5.3 ± 0.1 log PFU/mL in PC-Plasma. No infectivity was detected immediately after amotosalen/UVA treatment. CONCLUSION The amotosalen/UVA PR system inactivated high titers of infectious YFV-17D in PC. This PR technology could reduce the risk of YFV TTI and help secure PC supplies in areas experiencing YFV outbreaks where massive vaccination campaigns are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette A Girard
- Department of Microbiology, Cerus Corporation, Concord, California
| | | | - Marion C Lanteri
- Department of Scientific Affairs, Cerus Corporation, Concord, California
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Muslimin L, Burhan A, Khairuddin K, Kriswanty C, Arsyandi A, Megawati M. Chemical composition and bioactivity of Vitex cofassus Reinw. extracts on the larval and pupal stages of Aedes aegypti. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2020; 12:77-81. [PMID: 32801604 PMCID: PMC7398000 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_148_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims and Objectives: Materials and Methods: Results: Conclusion:
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19
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Sekhawat V, Lucas SB. Re-emergent yellow fever: new faces of an old killer. Histopathology 2019; 75:636-637. [PMID: 31643117 DOI: 10.1111/his.13939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Sekhawat
- St Barts and The Royal London Hospital, Bartshealth Trust London, London, UK
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Immunogenicity and Protection Efficacy of a Naked Self-Replicating mRNA-Based Zika Virus Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7030096. [PMID: 31450775 PMCID: PMC6789535 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7030096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To combat emerging infectious diseases like Zika virus (ZIKV), synthetic messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encoding viral antigens are very attractive as they allow a rapid, generic, and flexible production of vaccines. In this work, we engineered a self-replicating mRNA (sr-mRNA) vaccine encoding the pre-membrane and envelope (prM-E) glycoproteins of ZIKV. Intradermal electroporation of as few as 1 µg of this mRNA-based ZIKV vaccine induced potent humoral and cellular immune responses in BALB/c and especially IFNAR1-/- C57BL/6 mice, resulting in a complete protection of the latter mice against ZIKV infection. In wild-type C57BL/6 mice, the vaccine resulted in very low seroconversion rates and antibody titers. The potency of the vaccine was inversely related to the dose of mRNA used in wild-type BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice, as robust type I interferon (IFN) response was determined in a reporter mice model (IFN-β+/Δβ-luc). We further investigated the inability of the sr-prM-E-mRNA ZIKV vaccine to raise antibodies in wild-type C57BL/6 mice and found indications that type I IFNs elicited by this naked sr-mRNA vaccine might directly impede the induction of a robust humoral response. Therefore, we assume that the efficacy of sr-mRNA vaccines after intradermal electroporation might be increased by strategies that temper their inherent innate immunogenicity.
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Werner SL, Banda BK, Burnsides CL, Stuber AJ. Zoonosis: Update on Existing and Emerging Vector-Borne Illnesses in the USA. CURRENT EMERGENCY AND HOSPITAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2019; 7:91-106. [PMID: 32288973 PMCID: PMC7102350 DOI: 10.1007/s40138-019-00189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review describes mosquito- and tick-borne diseases found in the Western Hemisphere. It focuses on emerging diseases and recent geographic shifts in the presence of disease vectors. RECENT FINDINGS Mosquito and tick vectors have become more widespread as environmental conditions have become more favorable. Zika recently has emerged as a concern for fetal anomalies. West Nile Virus has become widespread. Lyme disease and other tick-borne diseases are more prevalent in areas previously inhospitable to these ticks. SUMMARY Healthcare providers must consider the possibility of mosquito- and tick-borne diseases in broader geographic areas and council patients traveling to endemic areas on precautions against these diseases. Treatment for suspected cases of serious tick-borne illnesses should not be delayed pending culture results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Lee Werner
- MetroHealth/Cleveland Clinic/CWRU Emergency Medicine Residency Program, Department of Emergency Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109 USA
| | - Bhanu Kirthi Banda
- MetroHealth/Cleveland Clinic/CWRU Emergency Medicine Residency Program, Department of Emergency Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109 USA
| | - Christopher Lee Burnsides
- MetroHealth/Cleveland Clinic/CWRU Emergency Medicine Residency Program, Department of Emergency Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109 USA
| | - Alexander James Stuber
- MetroHealth/Cleveland Clinic/CWRU Emergency Medicine Residency Program, Department of Emergency Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109 USA
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Ogashawara I, Li L, Moreno‐Madriñán MJ. Spatial-Temporal Assessment of Environmental Factors Related to Dengue Outbreaks in São Paulo, Brazil. GEOHEALTH 2019; 3:202-217. [PMID: 32159042 PMCID: PMC7007072 DOI: 10.1029/2019gh000186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Dengue fever, a disease caused by a vector-borne flavivirus, is endemic to tropical countries, but its occurrence has been reported worldwide. This study aimed to understand important factors contributing to the spatial and temporal patterns of dengue occurrence in São Paulo, the largest municipality of Brazil. The temporal assessment of dengue occurrence covered the 2011-2016 time period and was based on climatological data, such as the El Niño indices and time series statistical tools such as the continuous wavelet transformation. The spatial assessment used Landsat 8 data for years 2014-2016 to estimate land surface temperature and normalized indices for vegetation, urban areas, and leaf water. Results from a cross correlation for the temporal analysis found a relationship between the sea surface temperature anomalies index and the number of reported dengue cases in São Paulo (r = 0.5) with a lag of +29 (weeks) between the climatic event and the response on the dengue incidence. This relationship, initially nonlinear, became linear after correcting for the lag period. For the spatial assessment, the linear stepwise regression model detected a low relationship between dengue incidence and minimum surface temperature (r = 0.357) and no relationship with other environmental parameters. The poor relationship might be due to confounding effects of socioeconomic factors as these seem to influence the spatial dynamics of dengue incidence. More testing is needed to validate these methods in other locations. Nevertheless, we presented possible tools to be used for the improvement of dengue control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Ogashawara
- Department of Earth SciencesIndiana University‐Purdue University at IndianapolisIndianapolisINUSA
| | - L. Li
- Department of Earth SciencesIndiana University‐Purdue University at IndianapolisIndianapolisINUSA
| | - M. J. Moreno‐Madriñán
- Department of Environmental Health, Fairbanks School of Public HealthIndiana University‐Purdue University at IndianapolisIndianapolisINUSA
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Al-Massarani S, El-Shaibany A, Tabanca N, Ali A, Estep AS, Becnel JJ, Goger F, Demirci B, El-Gamal A, Baser KHC. Assessment of selected Saudi and Yemeni plants for mosquitocidal activities against the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:930-938. [PMID: 31997899 PMCID: PMC6978618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of our continuing investigation for interesting biological activities of native medicinal plants, thirty-nine plants, obtained from diverse areas in Saudi Arabia and Yemen, were screened for insecticidal activity against yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.). Out of the 57 organic extracts, Saussurea lappa, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Taraxacum officinale, Nigella sativa, and Hyssopus officinalis exhibited over 80% mortality against adult female Ae. aegypti at 5 μg/mosquito. In the larvicidal bioassay, the petroleum ether extract of Aloe perryi flowers showed 100% mortality at 31.25 ppm against 1st instar Ae. aegypti larvae. The ethanol extract of Saussurea lappa roots was the second most active displaying 100% mortality at 125 and 62.5 ppm. Polar active extracts were processed using LC-MS/MS to identify bioactive compounds. The apolar A. perryi flower extract was analyzed by headspace SPME-GC/MS analysis. Careful examination of the mass spectra and detailed interpretation of the fragmentation pattern allowed the identification of various biologically active secondary metabolites. Some compounds such as caffeic and quinic acid and their glycosides were detected in most of the analyzed fractions. Additionally, luteolin, luteolin glucoside, luteolin glucuronide and diglucuronide were also identified as bioactive compounds in several HPLC fractions. The volatile ketone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one was identified from A. perryi petroleum ether fraction as a major compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaza Al-Massarani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy College, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Amina El-Shaibany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sana’a, Yemen
| | - Nurhayat Tabanca
- USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, FL 33158, USA
- National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Abbas Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Alden S. Estep
- Navy Entomology Center of Excellence, Research & Development Department, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - James J. Becnel
- USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Fatih Goger
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Betul Demirci
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ali El-Gamal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy College, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - K. Husnu Can Baser
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Lefkosa (Nicosia), N. Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
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Ng V, Rees EE, Lindsay LR, Drebot MA, Brownstone T, Sadeghieh T, Khan SU. Could exotic mosquito-borne diseases emerge in Canada with climate change? CANADA COMMUNICABLE DISEASE REPORT = RELEVE DES MALADIES TRANSMISSIBLES AU CANADA 2019; 45:98-107. [PMID: 31285699 PMCID: PMC6587696 DOI: 10.14745/ccdr.v45i04a04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Of the 3,500 species of mosquitoes worldwide, only a small portion carry and transmit the mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) that cause approximately half a million deaths annually worldwide. The most common exotic MBDs, such as malaria and dengue, are not currently established in Canada, in part because of our relatively harsh climate; however, this situation could evolve with climate change. Mosquitoes native to Canada may become infected with new pathogens and move into new regions within Canada. In addition, new mosquito species may move into Canada from other countries, and these exotic species may bring exotic MBDs as well. With high levels of international travel, including to locations with exotic MBDs, there will be more travel-acquired cases of MBDs. With climate change, there is the potential for exotic mosquito populations to become established in Canada. There is already a small area of Canada where exotic Aedes mosquitoes have become established although, to date, there is no evidence that these carry any exotic (or already endemic) MBDs. The increased risks of spreading MBDs, or introducing exotic MBDs, will need a careful clinical and public health response. Clinicians will need to maintain a high level of awareness of current trends, to promote mosquito bite prevention strategies, and to know the laboratory tests needed for early detection and when to report laboratory results to public health. Public health efforts will need to focus on ongoing active surveillance, public and professional awareness and mosquito control. Canadians need to be aware of the risks of acquiring exotic MBDs while travelling abroad as well as the risk that they could serve as a potential route of introduction for exotic MBDs into Canada when they return home.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ng
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, St. Hyacinthe, QC and Winnipeg, MB
| | - EE Rees
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, St. Hyacinthe, QC and Winnipeg, MB
| | - LR Lindsay
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, St. Hyacinthe, QC and Winnipeg, MB
| | - MA Drebot
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, St. Hyacinthe, QC and Winnipeg, MB
| | - T Brownstone
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, St. Hyacinthe, QC and Winnipeg, MB
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - T Sadeghieh
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, St. Hyacinthe, QC and Winnipeg, MB
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON
| | - SU Khan
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, St. Hyacinthe, QC and Winnipeg, MB
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON
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25
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Sullivan KM, Poffley A, Funkhouser S, Driver J, Ross J, Ospina M, Calafat AM, Beard CB, White A, Balanay JA, Richards S, Dyer M, Mather TN, Meshnick S. Bioabsorption and effectiveness of long-lasting permethrin-treated uniforms over three months among North Carolina outdoor workers. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:52. [PMID: 30674346 PMCID: PMC6343280 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3314-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vector-borne diseases are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the USA. Effective, convenient prevention methods are needed. Long-lasting permethrin-impregnated (LLPI) clothing can prevent tick bites, however, additional information is needed on the real-world effectiveness and safety of this preventative measure. METHODS In this pilot study, we recruited state and county park employees from North Carolina to wear LLPI uniforms for three months during the summer of 2016. We collected spot urine samples for biomonitoring of permethrin metabolites at one week, one month and three months after first use of the LLPI uniform. Following three months of wear, we collected pants and socks and analyzed them for permethrin content and mortality to ticks and mosquitoes. RESULTS Thirteen park employees were included in the analysis. Bioactive amounts of permethrin remained in all clothing swatches tested, although there was great variability. Tick mortality was high, with 78% of pant and 88% of sock swatches having mean knockdown percentages ≥ 85%. In contrast, mosquito mortality was low. Over the study period, the absorbed dosage of permethrin averaged < 4 μg/kg/d of body weight based on measurements of three metabolites. CONCLUSIONS LLPI clothing retained permethrin and bioactivity against ticks after three months of use in real-world conditions. The estimated absorbed dosage of permethrin was well below the U.S. EPA level of concern, suggesting that LLPI clothing can be used safely by outdoor workers for tick bite prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M. Sullivan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Alison Poffley
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Sheana Funkhouser
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Jeffrey Driver
- Risksciences LLC, Longboat Key, FL and University of South Florida, College of Public Health, Tampa, FL USA
| | - John Ross
- Risksciences LLC, Longboat Key, FL and University of South Florida, College of Public Health, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Maria Ospina
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Charles B. Beard
- Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Ft. Collins, CO USA
| | - Avian White
- Environmental Health Sciences Program, Department of Health Education and Promotion, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC USA
| | - Jo Anne Balanay
- Environmental Health Sciences Program, Department of Health Education and Promotion, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC USA
| | - Stephanie Richards
- Environmental Health Sciences Program, Department of Health Education and Promotion, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC USA
| | - Megan Dyer
- Center for Vector-Borne Disease, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI USA
| | - Thomas N. Mather
- Center for Vector-Borne Disease, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI USA
| | - Steven Meshnick
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC USA
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26
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Fouet C, Kamdem C. Integrated Mosquito Management: Is Precision Control a Luxury or Necessity? Trends Parasitol 2019; 35:85-95. [PMID: 30446394 PMCID: PMC6503858 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The versatility of mosquito species that spread emerging arthropod-borne viruses such as Zika has highlighted the urgent need to re-evaluate mosquito-control standards. The prospect of using precise knowledge of the geographic distribution and vector status of local populations to guide targeted interventions has gained renewed attention, but the feasibility and utility of such an approach remain to be investigated. Using the example of mosquito management in the USA, we present ideas for designing, monitoring, and assessing precision vector control tailored to different environmental and epidemiological settings. We emphasize the technical adjustments that could be implemented in mosquito-control districts to enable targeted control while strengthening traditional management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Fouet
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Colince Kamdem
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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27
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Rift Valley fever in animals and humans: Current perspectives. Antiviral Res 2018; 156:29-37. [PMID: 29857007 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an ecologically complex emerging arboviral disease that causes significant illness in both livestock and people. This review article is designed to assist the reader in understanding the varied aspects of RVF disease in animals and humans. The historical facets of RVF disease, including the evolution of human outbreaks, are presented and discussed. The different clinical presentations of human RVF disease and the underlying causes are then addressed. We explore the exposure and transmission potential of RVF in animals and people. In the concluding section, we discuss the historical role of RVF as a biological weapon. We conclude with an outline of the important unanswered questions for ongoing research into this important zoonotic disease.
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