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Vázquez-Guerrero E, Reyes-Solís GC, Cano-Ravell AE, Machain-Williams C, Leyva-Gastélum M, Estrada-de Los Santos P, Álvarez-Hernández G, Ibarra JA. Detection of Rickettsia amblyommatis and Rickettsia bellii in ticks collected from pet dogs in peri-urban and rural areas in Yucatan, Mexico. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2023:10.1007/s10493-023-00825-z. [PMID: 37498401 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00825-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Rickettsia species are bacteria that may cause multiple diseases in animals and humans, via transmission through multiple arthropod vectors. Routine surveillance of Rickettsia spp. within vectors is critical to determine their presence and risk to mammalian hosts within human populations. Therefore, to better characterize the circulating Rickettsia species in an understudied region we targeted pet dogs to survey. Ticks were collected from pet dogs in three populations of the Yucatan where we tested for the presence of Rickettsia spp. by PCR in metagenomic DNA. In these ticks removed from pet dogs we detected Rickettsia amblyommatis and Rickettsia bellii in Amblyomma auriculatum, Amblyomma ovale and Amblyomma mixtum ticks obtained in a rural community in the Mexican state of Yucatan. This is the first report detecting both species for this state in Mexico, underpinning the importance of more routine surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Vázquez-Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Genética Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe C Reyes-Solís
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico.
| | - Alan E Cano-Ravell
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Carlos Machain-Williams
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Marcia Leyva-Gastélum
- Departamento de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Sonora, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Paulina Estrada-de Los Santos
- Laboratorio de Genética Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - J Antonio Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Genética Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Brown Dog Tick ( Rhipicephalus sanguineus Sensu Lato) Infection with Endosymbiont and Human Pathogenic Rickettsia spp., in Northeastern México. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106249. [PMID: 35627785 PMCID: PMC9141927 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Of the documented tick-borne diseases infecting humans in México, Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii, is responsible for most fatalities. Given recent evidence of brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l., as an emerging vector of human RMSF, we aimed to evaluate dogs and their ticks for rickettsiae infections as an initial step in assessing the establishment of this pathosystem in a poorly studied region of northeastern México while evaluating the use of dogs as sentinels for transmission/human disease risk. We sampled owned dogs living in six disadvantaged neighborhoods of Reynosa, northeastern México to collect whole blood and ticks. Of 168 dogs assessed, tick infestation prevalence was 53%, composed of exclusively Rh. sanguineus s. l. (n = 2170 ticks). Using PCR and sequencing, we identified an overall rickettsiae infection prevalence of 4.1% (n = 12/292) in ticks, in which eight dogs harbored at least one infected tick. Rickettsiae infections included Rickettsia amblyommatis and Rickettsia parkeri, both of which are emerging human pathogens, as well as Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae. This is the first documentation of pathogenic Rickettsia species in Rh. sanguineus s.l. collected from dogs from northeastern México. Domestic dog infestation with Rickettsia-infected ticks indicates ongoing transmission; thus, humans are at risk for exposure, and this underscores the importance of public and veterinary health surveillance for these pathogens.
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Torres-Castro M, Sánchez-Montes S, Colunga-Salas P, Noh-Pech H, Reyes-Novelo E, Rodríguez-Vivas RI. Molecular confirmation of Rickettsia parkeri in humans from Southern Mexico. Zoonoses Public Health 2022; 69:382-386. [PMID: 35142079 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human tick-borne rickettsioses are caused by Rickettsia africae, Rickettsia massiliae, Rickettsia parkeri, Rickettsia philipi and Rickettsia rickettsii in the American continent. Rickettsia parkeri represents the second most important agent of eschar-associated spotted fever throughout the American continent. In Mexico, the presence of three strains of this bacterium (Black Gap, Maculatum and Atlantic Rainforest) has recently been reported in four species of ticks from five states (Baja California, Campeche, Sonora, Tabasco and Veracruz) and rickettsaemia was demonstrated in a dog from the state of Yucatán. We report two human cases of R. parkeri-rickettsiosis from Yucatan, Mexico. These findings have increased the interest in R. parkeri surveillance in the human population, due to the fluctuating regional Spotted Fever morbidity and mortality in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sokani Sánchez-Montes
- Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México.,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Pablo Colunga-Salas
- Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México.,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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Phylogenetic Differentiation of Rickettsia parkeri Reveals Broad Dispersal and Distinct Clustering within North American Strains. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0141721. [PMID: 34643451 PMCID: PMC8515929 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01417-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tick-borne pathogen Rickettsia parkeri causes a mild rickettsiosis, with cases reported from several countries to its known distribution in the Americas. Molecular analyses have identified a clear distinction between strains of R. parkeri sensu stricto (s. s.) and R. parkeri sensu lato (s. l.) as well as separation between North American and South American R. parkeri s. s. strains. To expand on this previous work, we developed a multilocus sequence typing analysis with two aims: first, to investigate the genetic diversity within strains of North American R. parkeri s. s., and second, to further the understanding of the genetic relationships between R. parkeri s. s. and R. parkeri s. l. Sixty-four R. parkeri isolates and 12 R. parkeri-positive tick lysates were analyzed using a novel typing scheme consisting of four coding regions and two intergenic regions. A concatenated Bayesian phylogeny that identified eight clades was constructed: three represent the R. parkeri s. l. strains, and five represent the R. parkeri s. s. strains. The clades appear to be generally phylogeographically organized and associated with specific tick vectors. However, while one of the four R. parkeri s. s. North American clades appears to be limited to the southwestern United States, the other North American clades exhibit broad dispersal, most notably seen in the largest group, which includes representative samples extending from northern Mexico to Delaware. This work highlights the increasingly recognized geographic range of R. parkeri in the Americas and suggests a potential public health risk for these areas. IMPORTANCE Since 1937, when Rickettsia parkeri was originally identified in Amblyomma maculatum group ticks, the recognized range and associated vectors for this pathogen have expanded significantly. In recent years, R. parkeri has been identified in 12 tick species from seven countries in the Americas. Herein, we provide evidence that the greatest genetic diversity within R. parkeri exists in North America, where one R. parkeri sensu lato and four R. parkeri sensu stricto genotypes are present. While one distinct R. parkeri sensu stricto genotype exists only in the southwestern United States, three genotypes are broadly distributed in the eastern United States, with the largest of these found across the known range of R. parkeri in North America. In contrast, the South American R. parkeri sensu stricto samples represent a single genotype and are completely clonal at the loci analyzed, irrespective of their country of origin.
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Molecular detection of Rickettsia amblyommatis and Rickettsia parkeri in ticks collected from wild pigs in Campeche, Mexico. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 13:101844. [PMID: 34670190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Tick-borne rickettsioses are caused at least by 15 species of Rickettsia of the Spotted fever group, which represent a major emerging and re-emerging public health problem worldwide. Some of these microorganisms have complex cycles involving the interaction of multiple species of ticks and wild and domestic mammals. Rickettsia infection was investigated in ticks collected from wild pigs at six localities in southeastern Mexico. We collected and tested 196 ticks belonging to four species, including Amblyomma maculatum, Amblyomma mixtum, Amblyomma ovale and Riphicephalus microplus, from 13 of 20 (65%) wild pigs sampled. Overall, Rickettsia DNA was detected in 13.8% of ticks tested (10 ♂ and 17 ♀). Of the 27 Rickettsia-positive ticks, six were A. maculatum, and 21 A. mixtum. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the gltA and ompB genes revealed the presence of Rickettsia parkeri sensu stricto in one female A. maculatum and Rickettsia amblyommatis in five A. maculatum (2 ♂, 3 ♀) and 21 A. mixtum ticks (8 ♂, 13 ♀). The finding of two rickettsial agents in ticks collected from a wild pig population that is regularly captured and kept in captivity or hunted as a source of food raises concern about potential disease transmission to humans and domestic animals. However, more investigations are needed to further understand the ecology of Rickettsia species in free-ranging animals and their implications for human health.
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Sánchez-Montes S, Salceda-Sánchez B, Bermúdez SE, Aguilar-Tipacamú G, Ballados-González GG, Huerta H, Aguilar-Domínguez M, la Mora JDD, Licona-Enríquez JD, la Mora DDD, López-Pérez AM, Torres-Castro MA, Alcántara-Rodríguez V, Becker I, Colunga-Salas P. Rhipicephalus sanguineus Complex in the Americas: Systematic, Genetic Diversity, and Geographic Insights. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10091118. [PMID: 34578151 PMCID: PMC8471700 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rhipicephalus sanguineus group encompasses at least 12 validated species of Palearctic and Afrotropical hard ticks, which are relevant in veterinary medicine and public health. The taxonomy of R. sanguineus s.s., has been particularly intensely debated, due to its wide geographic distribution, morphological variants, parasite-host associations, and its capacity and vectorial competence for the transmission of several pathogens. By sequencing mitochondrial markers, it was possible to identify the existence of multiple lineages, among which the Tropical and the Temperate lineages stand out, particularly in America. However, the northern limit between these lineages is not clear due to the lack of extensive sampling across Mexico. For this reason, the aim of the present study was to determine the genetic diversity and structure of the R. sanguineus group in Mexico and to compare it with the populations reported in the Americas, in order to propose the northern limit of the R. sanguineus Tropical lineage and the potential regions of sympatry with R. sanguineus s.s. The findings of this study now confirm the presence of R. sanguineus s.s. in Mexico, showing a subtle genetic structure and high genetic diversity throughout its distribution in the Americas. In contrast, the Tropical lineage seems to be genetically less diverse in its overall distribution in the Americas. The genetic diversity of these two independent lineages could have important epidemiological implications in the transmission of tick pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sokani Sánchez-Montes
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Región Tuxpan, Universidad Veracruzana, Tuxpan de Rodríguez Cano, Veracruz 92870, Mexico;
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Beatriz Salceda-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 01480, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (B.S.-S.); (P.C.-S.)
| | - Sergio E. Bermúdez
- Departamento de Investigación en Entomología Médica, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama 0816-02593, Panama;
| | - Gabriela Aguilar-Tipacamú
- C. A. Salud Animal y Microbiología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76750, Mexico;
| | - Gerardo G. Ballados-González
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz 91710, Mexico; (G.G.B.-G.); (M.A.-D.)
| | - Herón Huerta
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 01480, Mexico;
| | - Mariel Aguilar-Domínguez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz 91710, Mexico; (G.G.B.-G.); (M.A.-D.)
| | - Jesús Delgado-de la Mora
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Jesús D. Licona-Enríquez
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - David Delgado-de la Mora
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Andrés M. López-Pérez
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades y Una Salud, Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Marco A. Torres-Castro
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Emergentes y Reemergentes, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi”, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Yucatán 97000, Mexico;
| | - Virginia Alcántara-Rodríguez
- Unidad Departamental de Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Secretaría de Salud de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City 06900, Mexico;
| | - Ingeborg Becker
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Pablo Colunga-Salas
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa de Enríquez, Veracruz 91090, Mexico
- Correspondence: (B.S.-S.); (P.C.-S.)
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Four Tick-Borne Microorganisms and Their Prevalence in Hyalomma Ticks Collected from Livestock in United Arab Emirates. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10081005. [PMID: 34451469 PMCID: PMC8398371 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10081005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks and associated tick-borne diseases in livestock remain a major threat to the health of animals and people worldwide. However, in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), very few studies have been conducted on tick-borne microorganisms thus far. The purpose of this cross-sectional DNA-based study was to assess the presence and prevalence of tick-borne Francisella sp., Rickettsia sp., and piroplasmids in ticks infesting livestock, and to estimate their infection rates. A total of 562 tick samples were collected from camels, cows, sheep, and goats in the Emirates of Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Sharjah from 24 locations. DNA was extracted from ticks and PCR was conducted. We found that Hyalomma dromedarii ticks collected from camels had Francisella sp. (5.81%) and SFG Rickettsia (1.36%), which was 99% similar to Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae and uncultured Rickettsia sp. In addition, Hyalomma anatolicum ticks collected from cows were found to be positive for Theileria annulata (4.55%), whereas H. anatolicum collected from goats were positive for Theileria ovis (10%). The widespread abundance of Francisella of unknown pathogenicity and the presence of Rickettsia are a matter of concern. The discovery of T. ovis from relatively few samples from goats indicates the overall need for more surveillance. Increasing sampling efforts over a wider geographical range within the UAE could reveal the true extent of tick-borne diseases in livestock. Moreover, achieving successful tick-borne disease control requires more research and targeted studies evaluating the pathogenicity and infection rates of many microbial species.
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Zazueta OE, Armstrong PA, Márquez-Elguea A, Hernández Milán NS, Peterson AE, Ovalle-Marroquín DF, Fierro M, Arroyo-Machado R, Rodriguez-Lomeli M, Trejo-Dozal G, Paddock CD. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in a Large Metropolitan Center, Mexico-United States Border, 2009-2019. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27. [PMID: 34014151 PMCID: PMC8153879 DOI: 10.3201/eid2706.191662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Longevity, high prevalence, and multifocal distribution of this disease pose unprecedented public health challenges. Epidemic levels of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) have persisted in Mexicali, Mexico, since the initial outbreak was first reported in December 2008. We compared clinical and epidemiologic data of cases in Mexicali during 2009–2019 between patients with an IgG titer reactive with Rickettsia rickettsii bacteria by indirect immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) assay and those who demonstrated DNA of R. rickettsii in a whole blood sample when tested by PCR. We identified 4,290 patients with clinical and epidemiologic features compatible with RMSF; of these, 9.74% tested positive by IFA and 8.41% by PCR. Overall, 140 patients died (11-year case-fatality rate 17.97%). Substantial differences in the frequency of commonly recognized clinical characteristics of RMSF were identified between PCR-positive and IFA-positive cases. The Mexicali epidemic is unique in its size and urban centralization. Cases confirmed by PCR most accurately reflect the clinical profile of RMSF.
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Moo-Llanes DA, de Oca-Aguilar ACM, Romero-Salas D, Sánchez-Montes S. Inferring the Potential Distribution of an Emerging Rickettsiosis in America: The Case of Rickettsia parkeri. Pathogens 2021; 10:592. [PMID: 34068132 PMCID: PMC8152739 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne rickettsioses represent a severe public health problem that has increased in recent decades by several activities that place human populations in contact with a wide range of vectors. In particular, Rickettsia parkeri, an eschar-associated spotted fever agent, represents an emerging pathogen that has been gradually identified throughout America. In the present work, we compiled an occurrence database of these bacteria, as well as its vectors, in order to identify the potential distribution of these bacteria and to detect the risk areas where this emerging pathogen may be circulating. The results show the at-risk areas to be broad regions in Central America, on the coast of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Chile, part of Brazil and Argentina, and the greater part of Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Particularly, in Mexico, conditions exist for widespread dissemination. Our results must be considered for the establishment of active acarological surveillance in previously unsampled areas, as well as the establishment of prevention measures for vulnerable populations and risk groups participating in outdoor activities that can place them in contact with this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Moo-Llanes
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública (CRISP), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Tapachula, Chiapas 30700, Mexico;
| | | | - Dora Romero-Salas
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz 91710, Mexico
| | - Sokani Sánchez-Montes
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Región Tuxpan, Universidad Veracruzana, Tuxpan de Rodríguez Cano, Veracruz 92870, Mexico
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico 06726, Mexico
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Silva-Ramos CR, Hidalgo M, Faccini-Martínez ÁA. Clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory features of Rickettsia parkeri rickettsiosis: A systematic review. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 12:101734. [PMID: 33989945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rickettsia parkeri rickettsiosis is recognized as the second most prevalent tick-borne disease caused by spotted fever group rickettsiae in the Americas, where two pathogenic strains (R. parkeri sensu stricto and R. parkeri strain Atlantic rainforest) have been related to human infections and transmitted by Amblyomma spp. ticks. We developed a systematic review that evaluated all available evidence in the literature regarding clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory features of R. parkeri rickettsiosis, including confirmed and probable cases. We followed the recommendations made by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guide. We excluded papers that contained missing information of some variables and publications in which it was not possible to separate data for confirmed and probable cases. A total of 77 clinical cases (32 confirmed cases and 45 probable cases) were considered for this review. Overall, our results show that R. parkeri rickettsiosis is more frequent in males in the age group of 18-64 years and that a history of tick exposure was frequent (>90%). Cases were described in the United States, Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Colombia. Clinically, more than 60% of the cases had fever (mean of 93%), eschar (mean of 87%), and rash (mean of 68%). Headache and myalgia were predominant nonspecific symptoms (mean of 67% and 61%, respectively). Our results show that at least 60% of R. parkeri cases had altered laboratory parameters, most often showing an increase in transaminases and leukopenia. Tetracyclines-class antibiotics were used in most (>85%) of the patients. Overall, only 9% of cases required hospitalization and there was a 100% rate of clinical recovery in all of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ramiro Silva-Ramos
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Marylin Hidalgo
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Álvaro A Faccini-Martínez
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Committee of Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses and Travel Medicine, Asociación Colombiana de Infectología, Bogotá, Colombia.
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López-Pérez AM, Chaves A, Sánchez-Montes S, Foley P, Uhart M, Barrón-Rodríguez J, Becker I, Suzán G, Foley J. Diversity of rickettsiae in domestic, synanthropic, and sylvatic mammals and their ectoparasites in a spotted fever-epidemic region at the western US-Mexico border. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:609-622. [PMID: 33667026 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Over one hundred cases of human rickettsiosis, many fatal, are reported annually across the US-Mexico transboundary region, representing a likely undercount. Although cases are often attributed to Rickettsia rickettsii, the agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever, multiple other Rickettsia pathogens are present in North America. We conducted multiple-host surveillance of domestic, synanthropic, and sylvatic mammals and their ectoparasites to investigate the ecology of Rickettsia species in this region. A total of 499 mammals, including 83 dogs, 23 wild carnivores, five lagomorphs, and 388 rodents were sampled, and 413 fleas and 447 ticks belonging to 15 and 4 species, respectively, were collected during 2017 and 2018. We detected Rickettsia spp. DNA in one blood sample of coyote (Canis latrans), 11 ear tissues of rodents (10.6%), and 79 ectoparasites (9.5%). Of the 64 Rickettsia-positive fleas, 54 were Echidnophaga gallinacea and 10 were Pulex simulans, while of the 15 ticks, 11 were Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. and four Ixodes pacificus. The DNA sequence alignment of gltA and ompB regions revealed one and ten genetic variants of Rickettsia spp., respectively. These variants were clustered in clades of zoonotic species (R. felis, R. massiliae, R. parkeri, R. rickettsii, and R. typhi) and organisms of unknown pathogenic significance (R. asembonensis and Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae). The finding of a coyote infected with R. rickettsii and the multiple zoonotic SFG rickettsial agents in the study area suggest that: 1) wild canids could serve as an amplifying host for RMSF, an alternate host for Rh. sanguineus s.l. ticks, and a means to spread infection and ticks over large areas; and 2) at least some of the human rickettsiosis cases attributed to R. rickettsii could be caused by other Rickettsia species. This study strongly supports the importance of multiple-host and vector eco-epidemiological studies and the One Health approach to better understand disease in a RMSF-epidemic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés M López-Pérez
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.,Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Andrea Chaves
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sokani Sánchez-Montes
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, región Tuxpan, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México.,División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Patrick Foley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sacramento State University, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Marcela Uhart
- Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Julio Barrón-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ingeborg Becker
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, región Tuxpan, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México
| | - Gerardo Suzán
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Janet Foley
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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12
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Sánchez-Montes S, Colunga-Salas P, Lozano-Sardaneta YN, Zazueta-Islas HM, Ballados-González GG, Salceda-Sánchez B, Huerta-Jiménez H, Torres-Castro M, Panti-May JA, Peniche-Lara G, Muñoz-García CI, Rendón-Franco E, Ojeda-Chi MM, Rodríguez-Vivas RI, Zavala-Castro J, Dzul-Rosado K, Lugo-Caballero C, Alcántara-Rodríguez VE, Delgado-de la Mora J, Licona-Enríquez JD, Delgado-de la Mora D, López-Pérez AM, Álvarez-Hernández G, Tinoco-Gracia L, Rodríguez-Lomelí M, Ulloa-García A, Blum-Domínguez S, Tamay-Segovia P, Aguilar-Tipacamú G, Cruz-Romero A, Romero-Salas D, Martínez-Medina MA, Becker I. The genus Rickettsia in Mexico: Current knowledge and perspectives. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2020; 12:101633. [PMID: 33388556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The genus Rickettsia encompasses 35 valid species of intracellular, coccobacilli bacteria that can infect several eukaryotic taxa, causing multiple emerging and re-emerging diseases worldwide. This work aimed to gather and summarise the current knowledge about the genus Rickettsia in Mexico, updating the taxonomy of the bacteria and their hosts by including all the records available until 2020, to elucidate host-parasite relationships and determine the geographical distribution of each Rickettsia species present in the country. Until now, 14 species of Rickettsia belonging to four groups have been recorded in Mexico. These species have been associated with 26 arthropod species (14 hard ticks, three soft ticks, two sucking lice, and seven fleas) and 17 mammal species distributed over 30 states in Mexico. This work highlights the high biological inventory of rickettsias for Mexico and reinforces the need to approach the study of this group from a One Health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sokani Sánchez-Montes
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias región Tuxpan, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Mexico; Centro de Medicina Tropical, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Pablo Colunga-Salas
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Yokomi N Lozano-Sardaneta
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Héctor M Zazueta-Islas
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo G Ballados-González
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Rancho Torreón del Molino, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Salceda-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Herón Huerta-Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marco Torres-Castro
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Emergentes y Reemergentes, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Jesús Alonso Panti-May
- Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Gaspar Peniche-Lara
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Claudia I Muñoz-García
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Emilio Rendón-Franco
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Melina M Ojeda-Chi
- Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Roger I Rodríguez-Vivas
- Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Jorge Zavala-Castro
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Karla Dzul-Rosado
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Emergentes y Reemergentes, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - César Lugo-Caballero
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Emergentes y Reemergentes, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Yucatán, Mexico
| | | | - Jesús Delgado-de la Mora
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jesús D Licona-Enríquez
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - David Delgado-de la Mora
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Andrés M López-Pérez
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States; Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades y una Salud. Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Tinoco-Gracia
- Laboratorio de Salud Pública Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Baja California, Mexico
| | | | | | - Selene Blum-Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Tropicales, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Paulino Tamay-Segovia
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores y Zoonosis, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Aguilar-Tipacamú
- C. A. Salud Animal y Microbiología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Anabel Cruz-Romero
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Rancho Torreón del Molino, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Dora Romero-Salas
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Rancho Torreón del Molino, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Mexico
| | | | - Ingeborg Becker
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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13
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Hecht JA, Allerdice MEJ, Karpathy SE, Yaglom HD, Casal M, Lash RR, Delgado-de la Mora J, Licona-Enriquez JD, Delgado-de la Mora D, Groschupf K, Mertins JW, Moors A, Swann DE, Paddock CD. Distribution and Occurrence of Amblyomma maculatum sensu lato (Acari: Ixodidae) and Rickettsia parkeri (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae), Arizona and New Mexico, 2017-2019. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:2030-2034. [PMID: 32647878 PMCID: PMC7780643 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Amblyomma maculatum Koch sensu lato (s.l.) ticks are the vector of Rickettsia parkeri in Arizona, where nine cases of R. parkeri rickettsiosis have been identified since the initial case in 2014. The current study sought to better define the geographic ranges of the vector and pathogen and to assess the potential public health risk posed by R. parkeri in this region of the southwestern United States. A total of 275 A. maculatum s.l. ticks were collected from 34 locations in four counties in Arizona and one county in New Mexico and screened for DNA of Rickettsia species. Rickettsia parkeri was detected in 20.4% of the ticks, including one specimen collected from New Mexico, the first report of R. parkeri in A. maculatum s.l. from this state. This work demonstrates a broader distribution of A. maculatum s.l. ticks and R. parkeri in the southwestern United States than appreciated previously to suggest that R. parkeri rickettsiosis is underrecognized in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy A. Hecht
- Division of Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Michelle E. J. Allerdice
- Division of Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Sandor E. Karpathy
- Division of Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Hayley D. Yaglom
- Pathogen & Microbiome Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 3051 W. Shamrell Blvd. Ste. 106, Flagstaff, AZ 86005
| | - Mariana Casal
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Surveillance, Pinal County Public Health Services District, 971 North Jason Lopez Circle, Florence, AZ 85132
| | - R. Ryan Lash
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Jesus Delgado-de la Mora
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, delegación Tlaplan, 14080, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | | | | | | | - James W. Mertins
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010
| | - Amanda Moors
- Moors Wildlife Management Services, 1217 E Crestwood Drive, Globe, AZ 85501
| | - Don E. Swann
- Saguaro National Park, 3693 South Old Spanish Trail, Tucson, AZ 85730
| | - Christopher D. Paddock
- Division of Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329
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14
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Torres-Chable OM, Jimenez-Delgadillo BG, Alvarado-Kantún YN, Zaragoza-Vera CV, Arjona-Jimenez G, Zaragoza-Vera M, Baak-Baak CM, Cigarroa-Toledo N, Brito-Argaez LG, Machain-Williams C, Garcia-Rejon JE. Rickettsia parkeri (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) detected in Amblyomma maculatum ticks collected on dogs in Tabasco, Mexico. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2020; 82:431-440. [PMID: 33025238 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00524-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to identify Rickettsia species with zoonotic potential in ticks collected from dogs in a rural area in Tabasco, Mexico. In total 197 Amblyomma maculatum ticks were collected from 40 domestic dogs. The collected specimens were pooled and subjected to DNA extraction. A fragment (380 bp) of citrate synthase gene (gltA) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using universal primers for Rickettsia. A second PCR was later performed to amplify a fragment (420 bp) of the outer membrane protein B gene (ompB). The PCR products were purified, sequenced and compared using the basic local alignment search tool (BLAST). Twenty out of 40 (50%) tick pools assayed were positive for rickettsial DNA using both primer pairs. The consensus sequence obtained from the ompB gene fragments showed 99.5-100% of identity with strains of Rickettsia parkeri. This study provides the first molecular evidence of the presence of R. parkeri in A. maculatum ticks infesting domestic dogs from southeastern Mexico. Close contact between dogs and humans should lead to consider the infection caused by this species of Rickettsia among the differential diagnoses for people of Tabasco, Mexico, who show acute febrile syndrome associated to inoculation eschar and have a clinical history of tick exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oswaldo M Torres-Chable
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Tropicales y Transmitidas por Vector, División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico.
| | - Bertha G Jimenez-Delgadillo
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias 1, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Yessenia N Alvarado-Kantún
- Laboratorio de Arbovirología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Claudia V Zaragoza-Vera
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Tropicales y Transmitidas por Vector, División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Arjona-Jimenez
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Tropicales y Transmitidas por Vector, División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Maritza Zaragoza-Vera
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Tropicales y Transmitidas por Vector, División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Carlos M Baak-Baak
- Laboratorio de Arbovirología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Nohemi Cigarroa-Toledo
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, 97000, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Ligia Guadalupe Brito-Argaez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas de Yucatán (CICY), Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Carlos Machain-Williams
- Laboratorio de Arbovirología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Julián E Garcia-Rejon
- Laboratorio de Arbovirología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
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15
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Paddock CD, Hecht JA, Green AN, Waldrup KA, Teel PD, Karpathy SE, Johnson TL. Rickettsia parkeri (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) in the Sky Islands of West Texas. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:1582-1587. [PMID: 32249319 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rickettsia parkeri, a tick-borne pathogen distributed throughout several countries of the Americas, causes a mild to moderately severe, eschar-associated spotted fever rickettsiosis. Although most U.S. cases of R. parkeri rickettsiosis are reported from southeastern states, some have been reported recently from remote regions of southern Arizona. These cases are linked to R. parkeri-infected ticks of the Amblyomma maculatum (Acari: Ixodidae) group found in several isolated mountain ranges of southern Arizona and New Mexico, referred to as 'sky islands'. Archival records also document ticks of the A. maculatum group collected from domestic and wild animals in West Texas. We surveyed sites in two sky island chains of Jeff Davis and Brewster counties to document the off-host occurrence of these ticks and identify the presence of R. parkeri in the Trans-Pecos region of Texas. During August 2019, 43 adult A. maculatum group ticks were flagged from vegetation or removed from a road-killed, female mule deer. Of 39 samples evaluated by PCR, eight contained a partial sca0 sequence with complete identity to R. parkeri and two with complete identity to 'Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae', a species of undetermined pathogenicity. Four isolates of R. parkeri were obtained using cell culture. Persons at risk for R. parkeri rickettsiosis include those who work or recreate in these mountains, such as hikers, backpackers, research scientists, foresters, and border enforcement personnel. Additional investigations are needed to define the distribution of these medically important arthropods in other parts of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Paddock
- Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Joy A Hecht
- Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Amy N Green
- Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, El Paso, TX
| | - Kenneth A Waldrup
- Zoonosis Control, Texas Department of State Health Services, El Paso, TX
| | - Pete D Teel
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Sandor E Karpathy
- Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Tammi L Johnson
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, Uvalde, TX
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16
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Sánchez-Montes S, Ballados-González GG, Hernández-Velasco A, Zazueta-Islas HM, Solis-Cortés M, Miranda-Ortiz H, Canseco-Méndez JC, Fernández-Figueroa EA, Colunga-Salas P, López-Pérez AM, Delgado-de la Mora J, Licona-Enriquez JD, Delgado-de la Mora D, Karpathy SE, Paddock CD, Rangel-Escareño C. Molecular Confirmation of Rickettsia parkeri in Amblyomma ovale Ticks, Veracruz, Mexico. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 25:2315-2317. [PMID: 31742525 PMCID: PMC6874242 DOI: 10.3201/eid2512.190964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We found Rickettsia parkeri in Amblyomma ovale ticks collected in Veracruz, Mexico, in 2018. We sequenced gene segments of gltA, htrA, sca0, and sca5; phylogenetic reconstruction revealed near-complete identity with R. parkeri strain Atlantic Rainforest. Enhanced surveillance is needed in Mexico to determine the public health relevance of this bacterium.
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17
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Sánchez-Montes S, Isaak-Delgado AB, Guzmán-Cornejo C, Rendón-Franco E, Muñoz-García CI, Bermúdez S, Morales-Diaz J, Cruz-Romero A, Romero-Salas D, Dzul-Rosado K, Lugo-Caballero C, Colunga-Salas P, Becker I. Rickettsia species in ticks that parasitize amphibians and reptiles: Novel report from Mexico and review of the worldwide record. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019; 10:987-994. [PMID: 31126748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ticks are obligate haematophagous ectoparasites that are associated with a wide range of vertebrate hosts, among them also reptiles and amphibians. They have dynamic ecological interactions with multiple microorganisms, ranging from endosymbionts to pathogens, such as the members of the genus Rickettsia. The aim of this work was to detect Rickettsia in ticks from amphibians and reptiles from southern Mexico by the amplification, sequencing and phylogenetic reconstruction of the gltA and ompA genes, and also to compile all the published records worldwide of Rickettsia associated with ticks attached to reptiles and amphibians, in order to elucidate the host-parasite relationships, and to identify the geographical distribution of each bacterial species. We record for the first time the presence of Rickettsia sp. strain Colombianensi and Rickettsia amblyommatis in ticks from several reptiles and amphibians collected in three new localities from the states of Guerrero and Veracruz, Mexico. Additionally, we here report 23 Rickettsia taxa associated with 18 tick species attached to 42 host taxa of amphibians and reptiles in 36 countries. Our findings increase the inventory of rickettsia reported in Mexico and summarizes the knowledge of these bacteria associated with ticks of this particular group of vertebrate host worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sokani Sánchez-Montes
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ana Belem Isaak-Delgado
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carmen Guzmán-Cornejo
- Laboratorio de Acarología, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Emilio Rendón-Franco
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Claudia I Muñoz-García
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sergio Bermúdez
- Departamento de Investigación en Entomología Médica, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama
| | - Jorge Morales-Diaz
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Región Veracruz. Universidad Veracruzana, Mexico
| | - Anabel Cruz-Romero
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Región Veracruz. Universidad Veracruzana, Mexico
| | - Dora Romero-Salas
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Región Veracruz. Universidad Veracruzana, Mexico
| | - Karla Dzul-Rosado
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - César Lugo-Caballero
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Pablo Colunga-Salas
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ingeborg Becker
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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