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Breno Zampieri Lima M, Giovana Pereira Daniel T, Tayaná Oliveira Bitencourt H, Carlos Junior Alcantara L, Haddad R, Kashima S, Carolina Elias M, Giovanetti M, Coccuzzo Sampaio S, Nanev Slavov S. Molecular frequency of human gemycircularvirus (GCYV) dna among blood donors from the Brazilian Amazon. Transfus Clin Biol 2024; 31:123-126. [PMID: 38280666 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Marlon Breno Zampieri Lima
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thuany Giovana Pereira Daniel
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Climate Amplified Diseases And Epidemics (CLIMADE), Americas, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Haddad
- Campus Ceilandia, University of Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Simone Kashima
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marta Giovanetti
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, Universitá Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
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Kimura-Ohba S, Kitamura M, Tsukamoto Y, Kogaki S, Sakai S, Fushimi H, Matsuoka K, Takeuchi M, Itoh K, Ueda K, Kimura T. Viral entry and translation in brain endothelia provoke influenza-associated encephalopathy. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:77. [PMID: 38687393 PMCID: PMC11061015 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02723-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Influenza-associated encephalopathy (IAE) is extremely acute in onset, with high lethality and morbidity within a few days, while the direct pathogenesis by influenza virus in this acute phase in the brain is largely unknown. Here we show that influenza virus enters into the cerebral endothelium and thereby induces IAE. Three-weeks-old young mice were inoculated with influenza A virus (IAV). Physical and neurological scores were recorded and temporal-spatial analyses of histopathology and viral studies were performed up to 72 h post inoculation. Histopathological examinations were also performed using IAE human autopsy brains. Viral infection, proliferation and pathogenesis were analyzed in cell lines of endothelium and astrocyte. The effects of anti-influenza viral drugs were tested in the cell lines and animal models. Upon intravenous inoculation of IAV in mice, the mice developed encephalopathy with brain edema and pathological lesions represented by micro bleeding and injured astrocytic process (clasmatodendrosis) within 72 h. Histologically, massive deposits of viral nucleoprotein were observed as early as 24 h post infection in the brain endothelial cells of mouse models and the IAE patients. IAV inoculated endothelial cell lines showed deposition of viral proteins and provoked cell death, while IAV scarcely amplified. Inhibition of viral transcription and translation suppressed the endothelial cell death and the lethality of mouse models. These data suggest that the onset of encephalopathy should be induced by cerebral endothelial infection with IAV. Thus, IAV entry into the endothelium, and transcription and/or translation of viral RNA, but not viral proliferation, should be the key pathogenesis of IAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihoko Kimura-Ohba
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Reverse Translational Research Project, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan.
- KAGAMI Project, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Mieko Kitamura
- KAGAMI Project, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsukamoto
- Reverse Translational Research Project, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan
- KAGAMI Project, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigetoyo Kogaki
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sakai
- Reverse Translational Research Project, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan
- KAGAMI Project, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Fushimi
- Department of Pathology, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsuoka
- Department of Pathology, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Takeuchi
- Department of Pathology, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kyoko Itoh
- Department of Pathology and Applied Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiji Ueda
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kimura
- Reverse Translational Research Project, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan
- KAGAMI Project, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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3
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Viral agents (2nd section). Transfusion 2024; 64 Suppl 1:S19-S207. [PMID: 38394038 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
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Greenwald MA, Grebe E, Green V, Jones AL, Linnen JM, Williamson P, Busch MP, Kuehnert MJ. Low rate of detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in deceased tissue donors. Cell Tissue Bank 2023; 24:585-596. [PMID: 36484950 PMCID: PMC9734833 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-022-10054-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Given the possibility for disease transmission, this study was performed to determine whether there is detectable SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in the blood of deceased tissue donors. A retrospective analysis of blood samples from eligible deceased tissue donors from Oct 2019 through June 2020 was performed. Plasma aliquots were initially tested with a SARS-CoV-2 NAT Assay; positive samples were further tested using an alternate NAT and an antibody assay. The proportion of donors with confirmed RNAemia and 95% confidence intervals were computed. Of donor samples collected in 2019, 894 yielded valid results, with 6 initially positive, none of which confirmed positive by alternate NAT. Of donor samples collected in 2020, 2562 yielded valid initial NAT results, with 21 (0.8%) initially positive. Among those, 3 were confirmed by alternate NAT, 17 were not confirmed, and 1 had an invalid alternate NAT result. The rate of SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia in deceased tissue donors is approximately 1 per 1000, and it is unknown whether this RNAemia reflects the presence of infectious virus. Given these results, the risk of transmission through tissue is thought likely to be low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Greenwald
- Donor Alliance, Denver, CO USA
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD USA
- MA Greenwald Consulting, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Eduard Grebe
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA USA
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael P. Busch
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA USA
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Matthew J. Kuehnert
- Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation, Edison, NJ USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack, NJ USA
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Slavov SN. Viral Metagenomics for Identification of Emerging Viruses in Transfusion Medicine. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112448. [PMID: 36366546 PMCID: PMC9699440 DOI: 10.3390/v14112448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral metagenomics has revolutionized our understanding for identification of unknown or poorly characterized viruses. For that reason, metagenomic studies gave been largely applied for virus discovery in a wide variety of clinical samples, including blood specimens. The emerging blood-transmitted virus infections represent important problem for public health, and the emergence of HIV in the 1980s is an example for the vulnerability of Blood Donation systems to such infections. When viral metagenomics is applied to blood samples, it can give a complete overview of the viral nucleic acid abundance, also named "blood virome". Detailed characterization of the blood virome of healthy donors could identify unknown (emerging) viral genomes that might be assumed as hypothetic transfusion threats. However, it is impossible only by application of viral metagenomics to assign that one viral agent could impact blood transfusion. That said, this is a complex issue and will depend on the ability of the infectious agent to cause clinically important infection in blood recipients, the viral stability in blood derivatives and the presence of infectious viruses in blood, making possible its transmission by transfusion. This brief review summarizes information regarding the blood donor virome and some important challenges for use of viral metagenomics in hemotherapy for identification of transfusion-transmitted viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetoslav Nanev Slavov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Therapy (NuCeL), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; ; Tel.: +55-(16)-2101-9300 (ext. 9365)
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo 2501, Ribeirão Preto CEP 14051-140, SP, Brazil
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Saá P, Fink RV, Bakkour S, Jin J, Simmons G, Muench MO, Dawar H, Di Germanio C, Hui AJ, Wright DJ, Krysztof DE, Kleinman SH, Cheung A, Nester T, Kessler DA, Townsend RL, Spencer BR, Kamel H, Vannoy JM, Dave H, Busch MP, Stramer SL, Stone M, Jackman RP, Norris PJ. Frequent detection but lack of infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in presymptomatic, infected blood donor plasma. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e159876. [PMID: 35834347 PMCID: PMC9435642 DOI: 10.1172/jci159876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses such as influenza do not typically cause viremia; however, SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in the blood of COVID-19 patients with mild and severe symptoms. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in blood raises questions about its role in pathogenesis as well as transfusion safety concerns. Blood donor reports of symptoms or a diagnosis of COVID-19 after donation (post-donation information, PDI) preceded or coincided with increased general population COVID-19 mortality. Plasma samples from 2,250 blood donors who reported possible COVID-19-related PDI were tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Detection of RNAemia peaked at 9%-15% of PDI donors in late 2020 to early 2021 and fell to approximately 4% after implementation of widespread vaccination in the population. RNAemic donors were 1.2- to 1.4-fold more likely to report cough or shortness of breath and 1.8-fold more likely to report change in taste or smell compared with infected donors without detectable RNAemia. No infectious virus was detected in plasma from RNAemic donors; inoculation of permissive cell lines produced less than 0.7-7 plaque-forming units (PFU)/mL and in susceptible mice less than 100 PFU/mL in RNA-positive plasma based on limits of detection in these models. These findings suggest that blood transfusions are highly unlikely to transmit SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Saá
- Scientific Affairs, American Red Cross, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Sonia Bakkour
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jing Jin
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Graham Simmons
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marcus O. Muench
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hina Dawar
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Clara Di Germanio
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alvin J. Hui
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bryan R. Spencer
- Scientific Affairs, American Red Cross, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Honey Dave
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael P. Busch
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Susan L. Stramer
- Scientific Affairs, American Red Cross, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Mars Stone
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rachael P. Jackman
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Philip J. Norris
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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Quintão TDSC, Slavov SN, de Oliveira PM, Bezerra RDS, Cassemiro ÉM, Alves PPDM, Gontijo CC, Martins FDAP, Gurgel HDC, Noronha EF, Ramalho WM, de Araújo WN, Pereira AL, Haddad R. Viral metagenomics in nasopharyngeal swabs of Brazilian patients negative for SARS-CoV-2 unveils the presence of Chikungunya virus infection. J Infect 2021; 84:e24-e26. [PMID: 34879255 PMCID: PMC8645261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyane de Souza Cardoso Quintão
- Center for Tropical Medicine, University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil; Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, University Hospital of Brasilia/EBSERH, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Svetoslav Nanev Slavov
- Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil; Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pâmela Maria de Oliveira
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, University Hospital of Brasilia/EBSERH, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dos Santos Bezerra
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Évelin Mota Cassemiro
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, University Hospital of Brasilia/EBSERH, Federal District, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Carvalho Gontijo
- Center for Tropical Medicine, University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil; Human Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | | | - Helen da Costa Gurgel
- Laboratory of Geography, Environment and Health, University of Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Elza Ferreira Noronha
- Center for Tropical Medicine, University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil; Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, University Hospital of Brasilia/EBSERH, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Walter Massa Ramalho
- Center for Tropical Medicine, University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil; Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Wildo Navegantes de Araújo
- Center for Tropical Medicine, University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil; Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Haddad
- Center for Tropical Medicine, University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil; Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, University Hospital of Brasilia/EBSERH, Federal District, Brazil; Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasília, Federal District, Brazil.
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Virome comparison of deferred blood donations obtained from different geographic regions in the Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Transfus Apher Sci 2021; 60:103106. [PMID: 33726974 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2021.103106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The virome composition of blood units deferred due to symptomatic disease of the donors reported after blood donation may reveal novel or unsuspected viral agents which may have impact in the area of hemotherapy. The objective of this study was to compare the virome of blood donations obtained from two distantly located blood collecting institutions in the Saqo Paulo State and deferred from use due to post donation illness reports (PDIR). Plasma samples with PDIR due to different symptoms were collected in two cities of the Sao Paulo State (Sao Paulo city, 28 samples and Ribeirao Preto city, 11 samples). The samples were assembled in pools and sequenced in Illumina NextSeq 550 sequencer. The obtained raw sequencing data was analyzed using bioinformatic pipeline aiming viral identification. Phylogenetic classification of the most important contigs was also performed. The virome composition of the plasma samples obtained in both cities was different. This was more pronounced for some specific anellovirus types and the human pegivirus-1 (HPgV-1) which were exclusively found among donations obtained from the city of Sao Paulo. On the other hand, in PDIR samples from Ribeirao Preto, Dengue -2 reads were more abundant compared to commensal viral representatives. The obtained virome findings show that the differential viral abundance is related to geographic localization and specific disease endemicity. The virome of PDIR samples may be used to more profoundly analyze the hypothetic transfusion threats in a given location.
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Bezerra RDS, Peronni KC, Barros BDDF, de Oliveira LS, Rodrigues ES, Azevedo R, Ubiali EMA, Covas DT, Kashima S, Slavov SN. Viral metagenomics in blood donors with post-donation diseases and negative tests for dengue and Zika viruses RNA detection during a major outbreak of arboviruses in Sao Paulo State in 2016. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2020; 62:e70. [PMID: 33027394 PMCID: PMC7534404 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202062070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael dos Santos Bezerra
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leonardo Scalon de Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evandra Strazza Rodrigues
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rochele Azevedo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eugênia Maria Amorim Ubiali
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Kashima
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Svetoslav Nanev Slavov
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Dos Santos Bezerra R, Bitencourt HT, Covas DT, Kashima S, Slavov SN. Molecular evolution pattern of Merkel cell polyomavirus identified by viral metagenomics in plasma of high-risk blood donors from the Brazilian Amazon. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 85:104563. [PMID: 32971251 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is a common human skin pathogen, shows high seroprevalence and is considered the etiologic agent of Merkel cell carcinoma. However, studies which detect MCPyV DNA in blood products may reveal the importance of this virus for the transfusion medicine. In this study we analyzed by viral metagenomics 36 plasma samples obtained from blood donors positive for the common blood transmitted infections from the city of Macapá (Brazilian Amazon). The generated raw data were were analyzed through a specific bioinformatics pipeline aimed at discovery of emerging viruses. The genomes of interest were analyzed phylogeographically and phylogenetically. MCPyV complete genome was recovered from one HBV-positive pool with high coverage (~ 223×) indicating acute viremia or reactivated infection. Interestingly, the phylogeographic position of the identified strain suggests its ancestry compared to MCPyV isolate from Colombian Amazon which hypothesizes that viral dissemination in the Amazon may have originated from Brazil. In conclusion, this study brings information for the genetic relationships of MCPyV isolated from blood donors from the Brazilian Amazon and demonstrates the possible phylogeographic behavior of our strain in relation to the other findings. We also demonstrated a strong evidence of viremic MCPyV phase in blood donations, however, more studies are necessary in order to understand the MCPyV impact on transfusion therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Dos Santos Bezerra
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Kashima
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Svetoslav Nanev Slavov
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Metagenomic identification of human Gemykibivirus-2 (HuGkV-2) in parenterally infected blood donors from the Brazilian Amazon. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 98:249-251. [PMID: 32623079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To metagenomically analyse blood units originating from the Brazilian Amazon and positive for parenterally transmitted infections (human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), Chagas disease or syphilis). METHODS Twenty plasma samples (35% HBV-positive, 10% HIV-positive, 10% HCV-positive, 20% positive for syphilis, 20% for Chagas disease, and 5% for HTLV) assembled in pools were analysed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing. The obtained raw sequencing data were submitted to a bioinformatic pipeline set up for identification of emerging viruses. The viral reads of interest were phylogenetically analysed and confirmed by PCR in the individual samples. RESULTS The metagenomic analysis identified contigs belonging to the emerging human Gemykibivirus-2 (HuGkV-2) in two pools. The HuGkV-1 phylogeny demonstrated that the Amazonian isolate formed a separate cluster with other HuGkV-2 strains obtained from human hosts. The PCR confirmation detected HuGkV-1 DNA in three individual samples (15%). CONCLUSIONS HuGkV-2 is an emerging virus with unknown clinical impact. The detection of HuGkV-2 DNA in blood donations positive for parenterally transmitted infections showed that HuGkV-2 can be considered as an opportunistic viral agent with a hypothetic parenteral transmission route.
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