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Hanson OR, Khan II, Khan ZH, Amin MA, Biswas D, Islam MT, Nelson EJ, Ahmed SM, Brintz BJ, Hegde ST, Qadri F, Watt MH, Leung DT, Khan AI. Identification, mapping, and self-reported practice patterns of village doctors in Sitakunda subdistrict, Bangladesh. J Glob Health 2024; 14:04185. [PMID: 39268667 PMCID: PMC11393791 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Informally trained health care providers, such as village doctors in Bangladesh, are crucial in providing health care services to the rural poor in low- and middle-income countries. Despite being one of the primary vendors of antibiotics in rural Bangladesh, village doctors often have limited knowledge about appropriate antibiotic use, leading to varied and potentially inappropriate dispensing and treatment practices. In this study, we aimed to identify, map, and survey village doctors in the Sitakunda subdistrict of Bangladesh to understand their distribution, practice characteristics, clinical behaviours, access to technologies, and use of these technologies for clinical decision-making. Methods Using a 'snowball' sampling method, we identified and mapped 411 village doctors, with 371 agreeing to complete a structured survey. Results The median distance between a residential household and the closest village doctor practice was 0.37 km, and over half of the practices (51.2%) were within 100 m of the major highway. Village doctors were predominately male (98.7%), with a median age of 39. After completing village doctor training, 39.4% had completed an internship, with a median of 15 years of practice experience. Village doctors reported seeing a median of 84 patients per week, including a median of five paediatric diarrhoea cases per week. They stocked a range of antibiotics, with ciprofloxacin and metronidazole being the most prescribed for diarrhoea. Most had access to phones with an internet connection and used online resources for clinical decision-making and guidance. Conclusions The findings provide insights into the characteristics and practices of village doctors and point to the potential for internet and phone-based interventions to improve patient care and reduce inappropriate antibiotic use in this health care provider group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia R Hanson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ishtiakul I Khan
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zahid Hasan Khan
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Ashraful Amin
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Debashish Biswas
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Health System and Population Studies Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Taufiqul Islam
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Eric J Nelson
- Departments of Pediatrics and Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sharia M Ahmed
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ben J Brintz
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Sonia T Hegde
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Melissa H Watt
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Daniel T Leung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ashraful I Khan
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Dighe A, Khan AI, Bhuiyan TR, Islam MT, Khan ZH, Khan II, Hulse JD, Ahmed S, Rashid M, Hossain MZ, Rashid R, Hegde ST, Gurley ES, Qadri F, Azman AS. Annual risk of hepatitis E virus infection and seroreversion: Insights from a serological cohort in Sitakunda, Bangladesh. Epidemiol Infect 2024; 152:e52. [PMID: 38497497 PMCID: PMC11022260 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268824000438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute jaundice in South Asia. Gaps in our understanding of transmission are driven by non-specific symptoms and scarcity of diagnostics, impeding rational control strategies. In this context, serological data can provide important proxy measures of infection. We enrolled a population-representative serological cohort of 2,337 individuals in Sitakunda, Bangladesh. We estimated the annual risks of HEV infection and seroreversion both using serostatus changes between paired serum samples collected 9 months apart, and by fitting catalytic models to the age-stratified cross-sectional seroprevalence. At baseline, 15% (95 CI: 14-17%) of people were seropositive, with seroprevalence highest in the relatively urban south. During the study, 27 individuals seroreverted (annual seroreversion risk: 15%, 95 CI: 10-21%), and 38 seroconverted (annual infection risk: 3%, 95CI: 2-5%). Relying on cross-sectional seroprevalence data alone, and ignoring seroreversion, underestimated the annual infection risk five-fold (0.6%, 95 CrI: 0.5-0.6%). When we accounted for the observed seroreversion in a reversible catalytic model, infection risk was more consistent with measured seroincidence. Our results quantify HEV infection risk in Sitakunda and highlight the importance of accounting for seroreversion when estimating infection incidence from cross-sectional seroprevalence data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Dighe
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Juan Dent Hulse
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shakeel Ahmed
- Bangladesh Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Mamunur Rashid
- Bangladesh Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md Zakir Hossain
- Bangladesh Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Rumana Rashid
- Bangladesh Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Sonia T. Hegde
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily S. Gurley
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- Infectious Disease Division, icddr, b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Andrew S. Azman
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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3
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Kinoshita R, Arashiro T, Kitamura N, Arai S, Takahashi K, Suzuki T, Suzuki M, Yoneoka D. Infection-Induced SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence among Blood Donors, Japan, 2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1868-1871. [PMID: 37506681 PMCID: PMC10461656 DOI: 10.3201/eid2909.230365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A nationwide survey of SARS-CoV-2 antinucleocapsid seroprevalence among blood donors in Japan revealed that, as of November 2022, infection-induced seroprevalence of the population was 28.6% (95% CI 27.6%-29.6%). Seroprevalence studies might complement routine surveillance and ongoing monitoring efforts to provide a more complete real-time picture of COVID-19 burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kinoshita
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (R. Kinoshita, T. Arashiro, N. Kitamura, S. Arai, T. Suzuki, M. Suzuki, D. Yoneoka)
- Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan (K. Takahashi)
| | - Takeshi Arashiro
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (R. Kinoshita, T. Arashiro, N. Kitamura, S. Arai, T. Suzuki, M. Suzuki, D. Yoneoka)
- Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan (K. Takahashi)
| | - Noriko Kitamura
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (R. Kinoshita, T. Arashiro, N. Kitamura, S. Arai, T. Suzuki, M. Suzuki, D. Yoneoka)
- Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan (K. Takahashi)
| | - Satoru Arai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (R. Kinoshita, T. Arashiro, N. Kitamura, S. Arai, T. Suzuki, M. Suzuki, D. Yoneoka)
- Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan (K. Takahashi)
| | - Koki Takahashi
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (R. Kinoshita, T. Arashiro, N. Kitamura, S. Arai, T. Suzuki, M. Suzuki, D. Yoneoka)
- Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan (K. Takahashi)
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (R. Kinoshita, T. Arashiro, N. Kitamura, S. Arai, T. Suzuki, M. Suzuki, D. Yoneoka)
- Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan (K. Takahashi)
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Saba AA, Sayem M, Rimon RA, Sanyal M, Chakraborty S, Rahman MA, Rahman MM, Nabi AHMN. Evaluating the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG in five different districts of Bangladesh. A seroepidemiological study. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:964-973. [PMID: 37119719 PMCID: PMC10110279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to measure the seroprevalences and levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG in children, unvaccinated and vaccinated adults in five districts of Bangladesh and thus, investigate the association of seroprevalence and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG level with respect to different attributes of study participants. METHODS In the present study, the seroprevalences and levels of plasma anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG were measured in children (n = 202), unvaccinated adults (n = 112), and vaccinated adults (n = 439) using quantitative ELISA. RESULTS The overall seroprevalence in the three groups of the study participants were 58.3% (90%CrI: 52.3-64.2%), 62.2% (90%CrI: 54.4-70.0%) and 90.7% (90%CrI: 88.3-92.9%), respectively. Multivariate logistic and linear regression revealed no significant association of seropositivity and levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG with the baseline characteristics of the children. AB blood group (vs A; aOR=0.21, 95% CI: 0.04-0.92, p = 0.04), O blood group (vs A; aOR=0.09, 95% CI: 0.02-0.32, p = 0.0004), BMI (aOR=1.61, 95% CI: 1.14-2.37, p = 0.01) and overweight obesity status (vs normal, aOR=0.12, 95% CI: 0.02-0.76, p = 0.03) were significantly associated with seropositivity in unvaccinated adults after adjusting for confounders. Age (p = 0.002) was significantly associated with anti-SARS-CoV-2 level in vaccinated adults after adjusting for confounders. Most of the children and unvaccinated adults belonged to the lower antibody response class which implicates the necessity of vaccination. CONCLUSION This study portrays a better way of evaluating transmission of virus and gain a better understanding of the true extent of infection as illustrated by the high rates of seroprevalences in children and unvaccinated adults. The findings of this study depicted from the antibody response also suggest the importance of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Saba
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Sayem
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Razoan Al Rimon
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mousumi Sanyal
- Department of Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sajib Chakraborty
- Translational Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Arifur Rahman
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - A H M Nurun Nabi
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
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Munyeku-Bazitama Y, Folefack GT, Yambayamba MK, Tshiminyi PM, Kazenza BM, Otshudiema JO, Guinko NT, Umba MD, Mulumba A, Baketana LK, Mukadi PK, Smith C, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Ahuka-Mundeke S, Makiala-Mandanda S. High SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence after Second COVID-19 Wave (October 2020-April 2021), Democratic Republic of the Congo. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:89-97. [PMID: 36573545 PMCID: PMC9796206 DOI: 10.3201/eid2901.221009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Serologic surveys are important tools for estimating the true burden of COVID-19 in a given population. After the first wave of SARS-CoV-2 infections, a household-based survey conducted in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, estimated >292 infections going undiagnosed for every laboratory-confirmed case. To ascertain the cumulative population exposure in Kinshasa after the second wave of COVID-19, we conducted a prospective population-based cross-sectional study using a highly sensitive and specific ELISA kit. The survey included 2,560 consenting persons from 585 households; 55% were female and 45% male. The overall population-weighted, test kit-adjusted SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 76.5% (95% CI 74.5%-78.5%). The seroprevalence was 4-fold higher than during the first wave, and positivity was associated with age, household average monthly income, and level of education. Evidence generated from this population-based survey can inform COVID-19 response, especially vaccination campaign strategies in the context of vaccine shortages and hesitancy.
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6
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Rahman M, Khan SR, Alamgir ASM, Kennedy DS, Hakim F, Evers ES, Afreen N, Alam AN, Islam MS, Paul D, Bhuiyan R, Islam R, Moureen A, Salimuzzaman M, Billah MM, Sharif AR, Akter MK, Sultana S, Khan MH, von Harbou K, Zaman MM, Shirin T, Flora MS. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh 2020: a population-based cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e066653. [PMID: 36410810 PMCID: PMC9679871 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to determine the seroprevalence, the fraction of asymptomatic infections, and risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 infections among the Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMNs). DESIGN It was a population-based two-stage cross-sectional study at the level of households. SETTING The study was conducted in December 2020 among household members of the FDMN population living in the 34 camps of Ukhia and Teknaf Upazila of Cox's Bazar district in Bangladesh. PARTICIPANTS Among 860 697 FDMNs residing in 187 517 households, 3446 were recruited for the study. One individual aged 1 year or older was randomly selected from each targeted household. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Blood samples from respondents were tested for total antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 using Wantai ELISA kits, and later positive samples were validated by Kantaro kits. RESULTS More than half (55.3%) of the respondents were females, aged 23 median (IQR 14-35) years and more than half (58.4%) had no formal education. Overall, 2090 of 3446 study participants tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibody. The weighted and test adjusted seroprevalence (95% CI) was 48.3% (45.3% to 51.4%), which did not differ by the sexes. Children (aged 1-17 years) had a significantly lower seroprevalence 38.6% (95% CI 33.8% to 43.4%) compared with adults (58.1%, 95% CI 55.2% to 61.1%). Almost half (45.7%, 95% CI 41.9% to 49.5%) of seropositive individuals reported no relevant symptoms since March 2020. Antibody seroprevalence was higher in those with any comorbidity (57.8%, 95% CI 50.4% to 64.5%) than those without (47.2%, 95% CI 43.9% to 50.4%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis of all subjects identified increasing age and education as risk factors for seropositivity. In children (≤17 years), only age was significantly associated with the infection. CONCLUSIONS In December 2020, about half of the FDMNs had antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, including those who reported no history of symptoms. Periodic serosurveys are necessary to recommend appropriate public health measures to limit transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbubur Rahman
- Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Samsad Rabbani Khan
- Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - A S M Alamgir
- Virology, Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - David S Kennedy
- WHO Emergency Sub-Office, World Health Organization, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh
| | - Ferdous Hakim
- Research and Publication, World Health Organization Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Egmond Samir Evers
- WHO Emergency Sub-Office, World Health Organization, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh
| | - Nawroz Afreen
- Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmed Nawsher Alam
- Virology, Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sahidul Islam
- Research and Publication, World Health Organization Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Debashish Paul
- WHO Emergency Sub-Office, World Health Organization, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh
| | - Rijwan Bhuiyan
- Co-ordination Center, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh
| | - Raisul Islam
- WHO Emergency Sub-Office, World Health Organization, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh
| | - Adneen Moureen
- IEDCR Field Laboratory, World Health Organization, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh
| | - M Salimuzzaman
- Zoonosis, Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mallick Masum Billah
- Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmed Raihan Sharif
- Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Khaleda Akter
- Research and Publication, World Health Organization Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sharmin Sultana
- Virology, Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Manjur Hossain Khan
- Virology, Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kai von Harbou
- WHO Emergency Sub-Office, World Health Organization, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh
| | | | - Tahmina Shirin
- Director, Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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7
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Ara J, Islam MS, Quader MTU, Das A, Hasib FMY, Islam MS, Rahman T, Das S, Chowdhury MAH, Das GB, Chowdhury S. Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Chattogram Metropolitan Area, Bangladesh. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:antib11040069. [PMID: 36412835 PMCID: PMC9680400 DOI: 10.3390/antib11040069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Seroprevalence studies of COVID-19 are used to assess the degree of undetected transmission in the community and different groups such as health care workers (HCWs) are deemed vulnerable due to their workplace hazards. The present study estimated the seroprevalence and quantified the titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody (IgG) and its association with different factors. This cross-sectional study observed HCWs, in indoor and outdoor patients (non-COVID-19) and garment workers in the Chattogram metropolitan area (CMA, N = 748) from six hospitals and two garment factories. Qualitative and quantitative ELISA were used to identify and quantify antibodies (IgG) in the serum samples. Descriptive, univariable, and multivariable statistical analysis were performed. Overall seroprevalence and among HCWs, in indoor and outdoor patients, and garment workers were 66.99% (95% CI: 63.40-70.40%), 68.99% (95% CI: 63.8-73.7%), 81.37% (95% CI: 74.7-86.7%), and 50.56% (95% CI: 43.5-57.5%), respectively. Seroprevalence and mean titer was 44.47% (95% CI: 38.6-50.4%) and 53.71 DU/mL in the non-vaccinated population, respectively, while it was higher in the population who received a first dose (61.66%, 95% CI: 54.8-68.0%, 159.08 DU/mL) and both doses (100%, 95% CI: 98.4-100%, 255.46 DU/mL). This study emphasizes the role of vaccine in antibody production; the second dose of vaccine significantly increased the seroprevalence and titer and both were low in natural infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahan Ara
- One Health Institute, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sirazul Islam
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
- COVID-19 Detection Laboratory, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Tarek Ul Quader
- Department of Anesthesiology and ICU, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chattogram 4203, Bangladesh
| | - Anan Das
- One Health Institute, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
| | - F. M. Yasir Hasib
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mohammad Saiful Islam
- Department of Emergency and Accident, Imperial Hospital Limited, Chattogram 4202, Bangladesh
| | - Tazrina Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram 4203, Bangladesh
| | - Seemanta Das
- One Health Institute, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
| | | | - Goutam Buddha Das
- COVID-19 Detection Laboratory, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
- Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Sharmin Chowdhury
- One Health Institute, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
- COVID-19 Detection Laboratory, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
- Correspondence:
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8
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Sun K, Tempia S, Kleynhans J, von Gottberg A, McMorrow ML, Wolter N, Bhiman JN, Moyes J, du Plessis M, Carrim M, Buys A, Martinson NA, Kahn K, Tollman S, Lebina L, Wafawanaka F, du Toit JD, Gómez-Olivé FX, Mkhencele T, Viboud C, Cohen C. SARS-CoV-2 transmission, persistence of immunity, and estimates of Omicron's impact in South African population cohorts. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabo7081. [PMID: 35638937 PMCID: PMC9161370 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo7081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the build-up of immunity with successive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants and the epidemiological conditions that favor rapidly expanding epidemics will help facilitate future pandemic control. We analyzed high-resolution infection and serology data from two longitudinal household cohorts in South Africa to reveal high cumulative infection rates and durable cross-protective immunity conferred by prior infection in the pre-Omicron era. Building on the history of past exposures to different SARS-CoV-2 variants and vaccination in the cohort most representative of South Africa's high urbanization rate, we used mathematical models to explore the fitness advantage of the Omicron variant and its epidemic trajectory. Modeling suggests that the Omicron wave likely infected a large fraction (44 to 81%) of the population, leaving a complex landscape of population immunity primed and boosted with antigenically distinct variants. We project that future SARS-CoV-2 resurgences are likely under a range of scenarios of viral characteristics, population contacts, and residual cross-protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Sun
- Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-2220, United States of America
| | - Stefano Tempia
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2131, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, 30333, United States of America
| | - Jackie Kleynhans
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2131, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Anne von Gottberg
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2131, South Africa
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
| | - Meredith L McMorrow
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, 30333, United States of America
| | - Nicole Wolter
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2131, South Africa
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
| | - Jinal N. Bhiman
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2131, South Africa
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
| | - Jocelyn Moyes
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2131, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Mignon du Plessis
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2131, South Africa
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
| | - Maimuna Carrim
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2131, South Africa
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
| | - Amelia Buys
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2131, South Africa
| | - Neil A Martinson
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, 1864, South Africa
- Johns Hopkins University Center for TB Research, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, United States of America
| | - Kathleen Kahn
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Stephen Tollman
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Limakatso Lebina
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, 1864, South Africa
| | - Floidy Wafawanaka
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Jacques D. du Toit
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Francesc Xavier Gómez-Olivé
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Thulisa Mkhencele
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2131, South Africa
| | - Cécile Viboud
- Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-2220, United States of America
| | - Cheryl Cohen
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2131, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
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9
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Bhuiyan TR, Akhtar M, Khaton F, Rahman SIA, Ferdous J, Alamgir A, Rahman M, Kawser Z, Hasan I, Calderwood SB, Harris JB, Charles RC, LaRocque RC, Ryan ET, Banu S, Shirin T, Qadri F. Covishield vaccine induces robust immune responses in Bangladeshi adults. IJID REGIONS 2022; 3:211-217. [PMID: 35720155 PMCID: PMC9050186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
All participants became seropositive 2 months after receipt of the second dose of vaccine. Comparable antibody responses were observed in both males and females. Participants with previous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection showed a robust antibody response. Similar antibody responses were observed in participants with and without comorbidities.
Objective To evaluate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific antibody responses after Covishield vaccination for 6 months after vaccination. Design SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the recombinant receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 in 381 adults given the Covishield vaccine at baseline (n=119), 1 month (n=126) and 2 months (n=75) after the first dose, 1 month after the second dose (n=161), and monthly for 3 additional months. Results Over 51% of participants were seropositive at baseline (before vaccination with Covishield), and almost all participants (159/161) became seropositive 1 month after the second dose. Antibody levels peaked 1 month after receipt of the second dose of vaccine, and decreased by 4 months after the first dose; the lowest responses were found 6 months after the first dose, although antibody responses and responder frequencies remained significantly higher compared with baseline (P<0.0001). Compared with younger participants, older participants had lower antibody responses 6 months after the first dose of vaccine (P<0.05). Participants who had previous SARS-CoV-2 infection showed robust higher antibody responses after vaccination. Conclusions These findings help to elucidate the longevity of vaccine-specific antibody responses following vaccination with Covishield, and provide information relevant to the planning of booster doses after the initial two doses of vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marjahan Akhtar
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema Khaton
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Jannatul Ferdous
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - A.S.M. Alamgir
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zannat Kawser
- Institute of Developing Sciences and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Imrul Hasan
- Institute of Developing Sciences and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Stephen Beaven Calderwood
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason B. Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richelle C. Charles
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Regina C. LaRocque
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Thomas Ryan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sayera Banu
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmina Shirin
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Corresponding author: Address: Mucosal Immunology and Vaccinology Unit, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. Tel.: +880 (0)2 2222 77001 10, Ext. 2431.
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10
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Raqib R, Sarker P, Akhtar E, Nurul Huda TM, Haq MA, Roy AK, Hosen MB, Haque F, Chowdhury MR, Reidpath DD, Emdadul Hoque DM, Islam Z, Ahmed S, Ahmed T, Tofail F, Razzaque A. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated factors among Bangladeshi slum and non-slum dwellers in pre-COVID-19 vaccination era: October 2020 to February 2021. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268093. [PMID: 35604947 PMCID: PMC9126397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seroprevalence studies have been carried out in many developed and developing countries to evaluate ongoing and past infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Data on this infection in marginalized populations in urban slums are limited, which may offer crucial information to update prevention and mitigation policies and strategies. We aimed to determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and factors associated with seropositivity in slum and non-slum communities in two large cities in Bangladesh. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out among the target population in Dhaka and Chattogram cities between October 2020 and February 2021. Questionnaire-based data, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements and blood were obtained. SARS-CoV-2 serology was assessed by Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay. RESULTS Among the 3220 participants (2444 adults, ≥18 years; 776 children, 10-17 years), the overall weighted seroprevalence was 67.3% (95% confidence intervals (CI) = 65.2, 69.3) with 71.0% in slum (95% CI = 68.7, 72.2) and 62.2% in non-slum (95% CI = 58.5, 65.8). The weighted seroprevalence was 72.9% in Dhaka and 54.2% in Chattogram. Seroprevalence was positively associated with limited years of formal education (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.43, 1.82), lower income (aOR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.46), overweight (aOR = 1.2835; 95% CI = 1.26, 1.97), diabetes (aOR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.21, 2.32) and heart disease (aOR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.86). Contrarily, negative associations were found between seropositivity and regular wearing of masks and washing hands, and prior BCG vaccination. About 63% of the population had asymptomatic infection; only 33% slum and 49% non-slum population showed symptomatic infection. CONCLUSION The estimated seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was more prominent in impoverished informal settlements than in the adjacent middle-income non-slum areas. Additional factors associated with seropositivity included limited education, low income, overweight and pre-existing chronic conditions. Behavioral factors such as regular wearing of masks and washing hands were associated with lower probability of seropositivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubhana Raqib
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddrb, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Protim Sarker
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddrb, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Evana Akhtar
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddrb, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | | | - Farjana Haque
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddrb, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Daniel D. Reidpath
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division, icddrb, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Shehlina Ahmed
- Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, icddrb, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Tofail
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, icddrb, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Razzaque
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division, icddrb, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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11
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Moser W, Fahal MAH, Abualas E, Bedri S, Elsir MT, Mohamed MFERO, Mahmoud AB, Ahmad AII, Adam MA, Altalib S, DafaAllah OA, Hmed SA, Azman AS, Ciglenecki I, Gignoux E, González A, Mwongera C, Miranda MA. SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Prevalence and Population-Based Death Rates, Greater Omdurman, Sudan. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:1026-1030. [PMID: 35450565 PMCID: PMC9045432 DOI: 10.3201/eid2805.211951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In a cross-sectional survey in Omdurman, Sudan, during March–April 2021, we estimated that 54.6% of the population had detectable severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibodies. Overall population death rates among those >50 years of age increased 74% over the first coronavirus disease pandemic year.
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12
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Hegde ST, Bhuiyan TR, Akhtar M, Islam T, Hulse JD, Khan ZH, Khan II, Ahmed S, Rashid M, Rashid R, Gurley ES, Shirin T, Khan AI, Azman AS, Qadri F. High Infection Attack Rate after SARS-CoV-2 Delta Surge, Chattogram, Bangladesh. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:491-492. [PMID: 35076375 PMCID: PMC8798703 DOI: 10.3201/eid2802.212417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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