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Lapitan RL. Precognition of Known And Unknown Biothreats: A Risk-Based Approach. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024. [PMID: 39189131 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Data mining and artificial intelligence algorithms can estimate the probability of future occurrences with defined precision. Yet, the prediction of infectious disease outbreaks remains a complex and difficult task. This is demonstrated by the limited accuracy and sensitivity of current models in predicting the emergence of previously unknown pathogens such as Zika, Chikungunya, and SARS-CoV-2, and the resurgence of Mpox, along with their impacts on global health, trade, and security. Comprehensive analysis of infectious disease risk profiles, vulnerabilities, and mitigation capacities, along with their spatiotemporal dynamics at the international level, is essential for preventing their transnational propagation. However, annual indexes about the impact of infectious diseases provide a low level of granularity to allow stakeholders to craft better mitigation strategies. A quantitative risk assessment by analytical platforms requires billions of near real-time data points from heterogeneous sources, integrating and analyzing univariable or multivariable data with different levels of complexity and latency that, in most cases, overwhelm human cognitive capabilities. Autonomous biosurveillance can open the possibility for near real-time, risk- and evidence-based policymaking and operational decision support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romelito L Lapitan
- Department of Homeland Security, Agriculture Programs and Trade Liaison, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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2
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Laranjeira C, Pereira M, Oliveira R, Barbosa G, Fernandes C, Bermudi P, Resende E, Fernandes E, Nogueira K, Andrade V, Quintanilha JA, dos Santos JA, Chiaravalloti-Neto F. Automatic mapping of high-risk urban areas for Aedes aegypti infestation based on building facade image analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011811. [PMID: 38829905 PMCID: PMC11192312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue, Zika, and chikungunya, whose viruses are transmitted mainly by Aedes aegypti, significantly impact human health worldwide. Despite the recent development of promising vaccines against the dengue virus, controlling these arbovirus diseases still depends on mosquito surveillance and control. Nonetheless, several studies have shown that these measures are not sufficiently effective or ineffective. Identifying higher-risk areas in a municipality and directing control efforts towards them could improve it. One tool for this is the premise condition index (PCI); however, its measure requires visiting all buildings. We propose a novel approach capable of predicting the PCI based on facade street-level images, which we call PCINet. METHODOLOGY Our study was conducted in Campinas, a one million-inhabitant city in São Paulo, Brazil. We surveyed 200 blocks, visited their buildings, and measured the three traditional PCI components (building and backyard conditions and shading), the facade conditions (taking pictures of them), and other characteristics. We trained a deep neural network with the pictures taken, creating a computational model that can predict buildings' conditions based on the view of their facades. We evaluated PCINet in a scenario emulating a real large-scale situation, where the model could be deployed to automatically monitor four regions of Campinas to identify risk areas. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS PCINet produced reasonable results in differentiating the facade condition into three levels, and it is a scalable strategy to triage large areas. The entire process can be automated through data collection from facade data sources and inferences through PCINet. The facade conditions correlated highly with the building and backyard conditions and reasonably well with shading and backyard conditions. The use of street-level images and PCINet could help to optimize Ae. aegypti surveillance and control, reducing the number of in-person visits necessary to identify buildings, blocks, and neighborhoods at higher risk from mosquito and arbovirus diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Laranjeira
- Department of Computer Science, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Matheus Pereira
- Department of Computer Science, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Raul Oliveira
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gerson Barbosa
- Pasteur Institute, Secretary of Health of the State of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Fernandes
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Bermudi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ester Resende
- Department of Computer Science, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Fernandes
- Department of Computer Science, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Keiller Nogueira
- Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Valmir Andrade
- Epidemiologic Surveillance Center, Secretary of Health of the State of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jefersson A. dos Santos
- Department of Computer Science, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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3
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Leandro ADS, Pires-Vieira LH, Lopes RD, Rivas AV, Amaral C, Silva I, Maciel-de-Freitas R, Chiba de Castro WA. Optimising the surveillance of Aedes aegypti in Brazil by selecting smaller representative areas within an endemic city. Trop Med Int Health 2024; 29:414-423. [PMID: 38469931 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Arboviruses, such as dengue (DENV), zika (ZIKV), and chikungunya (CHIKV), constitute a growing urban public health threat. Focusing on Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, their primary vectors, is crucial for mitigation. While traditional immature-stage mosquito surveillance has limitations, capturing adult mosquitoes through traps yields more accurate data on disease transmission. However, deploying traps presents logistical and financial challenges, demonstrating effective temporal predictions but lacking spatial accuracy. Our goal is to identify smaller representative areas within cities to enhance the early warning system for DENV outbreaks. METHODS We created Sentinel Geographic Units (SGUs), smaller areas of 1 km2 within each stratum, larger areas, with the aim of aligning the Trap Positivity Index (TPI) and Adult Density Index (ADI) with their respective strata. We conducted a two-step evaluation of SGUs. First, we examined the equivalence of TPI and ADI between SGUs and strata from January 2017 to July 2022. Second, we assessed the ability of SGU's TPI and ADI to predict DENV outbreaks in comparison to Foz do Iguaçu's Early-Warning System, which forecasts outbreaks up to 4 weeks ahead. Spatial and temporal analyses were carried out, including data interpolation and model selection based on Akaike information criteria (AIC). RESULTS Entomological indicators produced in small SGUs can effectively replace larger sentinel areas to access dengue outbreaks. Based on historical data, the best predictive capability is achieved 2 weeks after infestation verification. Implementing the SGU strategy with more frequent sampling can provide more precise space-time estimates and enhance dengue control. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of SGUs offers an efficient way to monitor mosquito populations, reducing the need for extensive resources. This approach has the potential to improve dengue transmission management and enhance the public health response in endemic cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- André de Souza Leandro
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses de Foz do Iguaçu, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Defante Lopes
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses de Foz do Iguaçu, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
- Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Açucena Veleh Rivas
- Laboratory of Clinical Analysis at Hospital Ministro Costa Cavalcanti, Itaiguapy Foundation, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Caroline Amaral
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses de Foz do Iguaçu, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Isaac Silva
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses de Foz do Iguaçu, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rafael Maciel-de-Freitas
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wagner A Chiba de Castro
- Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
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Soria C, Almirón WR, Stewart-Ibarra AM, Crocco LB. Systematic Review of Impacts of Educational Interventions to Control Breeding Sites of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus Mosquitoes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2024; 110:979-988. [PMID: 38579697 PMCID: PMC11066344 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Community participation is a critical element in the management of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus breeding sites. Many educational interventions have been conducted to encourage prevention and elimination of breeding sites among different community actors, such as government-run programs for vector surveillance aimed at preventing and eliminating breeding sites at the household level within a community. Getting people involved in prevention and elimination of vector breeding sites in their communities requires communication and social mobilization strategies to promote and reinforce those prevention actions that, in turn, should be effective from the entomological standpoint. Articles published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, were reviewed to assess whether educational interventions targeting Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were effective in reducing entomological indicators or in improving practices to prevent the presence of or eliminate breeding sites. The most widely used indicators were larval indices and the practices associated with reducing/eliminating breeding sites. We found that using a community-based approach adapted to eco-epidemiological and sociocultural scenarios explains the reduction of entomological indicators by educational interventions. Those who design or implement educational interventions should strengthen the evaluation of those interventions using qualitative approaches that provide a more complete picture of the social context and the barriers and facilitators to implementing vector control. Engaging school children in cross-sectorial collaboration involving the health and education spheres promotes the participation of the community in vector surveillance and reduces the risk of arboviral disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Soria
- Cátedra de Introducción a la Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Walter Ricardo Almirón
- Cátedra de Introducción a la Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Liliana Beatriz Crocco
- Cátedra de Introducción a la Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
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Leandro AS, Chiba de Castro WA, Garey MV, Maciel-de-Freitas R. Spatial analysis of dengue transmission in an endemic city in Brazil reveals high spatial structuring on local dengue transmission dynamics. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8930. [PMID: 38637572 PMCID: PMC11026424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59537-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, dengue has become one of the most widespread mosquito-borne arboviruses in the world, with an increasing incidence in tropical and temperate regions. The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the dengue primary vector and is more abundant in highly urbanized areas. Traditional vector control methods have showing limited efficacy in sustaining mosquito population at low levels to prevent dengue virus outbreaks. Considering disease transmission is not evenly distributed in the territory, one perspective to enhance vector control efficacy relies on identifying the areas that concentrate arbovirus transmission within an endemic city, i.e., the hotspots. Herein, we used a 13-month timescale during the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic and its forced reduction in human mobility and social isolation to investigate the spatiotemporal association between dengue transmission in children and entomological indexes based on adult Ae. aegypti trapping. Dengue cases and the indexes Trap Positive Index (TPI) and Adult Density Index (ADI) varied seasonally, as expected: more than 51% of cases were notified on the first 2 months of the study, and higher infestation was observed in warmer months. The Moran's Eigenvector Maps (MEM) and Generalized Linear Models (GLM) revealed a strong large-scale spatial structuring in the positive dengue cases, with an unexpected negative correlation between dengue transmission and ADI. Overall, the global model and the purely spatial model presented a better fit to data. Our results show high spatial structure and low correlation between entomological and epidemiological data in Foz do Iguaçu dengue transmission dynamics, suggesting the role of human mobility might be overestimated and that other factors not evaluated herein could be playing a significant role in governing dengue transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- André S Leandro
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Foz do Iguaçu, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rafael Maciel-de-Freitas
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Department of Arbovirology, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.
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Mojica J, Arévalo V, Juarez JG, Galarza X, Gonzalez K, Carrazco A, Suazo H, Harris E, Coloma J, Ponce P, Balmaseda A, Cevallos V. A numbers game: Mosquito-based arbovirus surveillance in two distinct geographic regions of Latin America. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.15.585246. [PMID: 38562865 PMCID: PMC10983856 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.15.585246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Aedes mosquitoes, as vectors of medically important arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), constitute a major public health threat that requires entomological and epidemiological surveillance to guide vector control programs to prevent and reduce disease transmission. In this study, we present the collaborative effort of one year of mosquito-based arbovirus surveillance in two geographically distinct regions of Latin America (Nicaragua and Ecuador). Adult female mosquitoes were collected using backpack aspirators in over 2,800 randomly selected households (Nicaragua, Ecuador) and 100 key sites (Nicaragua) from eight distinct communities (Nicaragua: 2, Ecuador: 6). A total of 1,358 mosquito female pools were processed for RNA extraction and viral RNA detection using real-time RT-PCR. Ten positive dengue virus (DENV) pools were detected (3 in Nicaragua and 7 in Ecuador), all of which were found during the rainy season and matched the serotypes found in humans (Nicaragua: DENV-1 and DENV-4; Ecuador: DENV-2). Infection rates ranged from 1.13 to 23.13, with the Nicaraguan communities having the lowest infection rates. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of detecting DENV-infected Aedes mosquitoes in low-resource settings and underscore the need for targeted mosquito arbovirus sampling and testing, providing valuable insights for future surveillance programs in the Latin American region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentina Arévalo
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Vectoriales, Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Ximena Galarza
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Vectoriales, Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Andrés Carrazco
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Vectoriales, Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Harold Suazo
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Patricio Ponce
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Vectoriales, Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Varsovia Cevallos
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Vectoriales, Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Quito, Ecuador
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7
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Pan H, Jiao Z, Li H, Li S, Xu L, Li S, Meng Y, Fu Y, Chen T, Chen Q, Chen S, Du L, Man C, Wang F, Gao H. Sheep and goat pathogen database: a pathogen data integration and analysis database of sheep and goat infectious diseases. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1299303. [PMID: 38282733 PMCID: PMC10811017 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1299303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of infectious diseases in sheep and goats has a significant impact on the development of the sheep and goat industry and public health security. The identification and analysis of pathogens are crucial for infectious disease research; however, existing databases pay little attention to sheep and goat diseases, and pathogen data are relatively scattered. Therefore, the effective integration, analysis and visualization of these data will help us conduct in-depth research on sheep and goat infectious diseases and promote the formulation of disease prevention and control strategies. This article considered the pathogens of 44 infectious diseases in sheep and goats as the main research objects and collected and downloaded relevant scientific literature, pathogen genomes, pathogen transcriptomes, pathogen occurrence records, and other data. The C# programming language and an SQL Server database were used to construct and realize the functions of the Sheep and Goat Pathogen Database (SGPD) within a B/S architecture based on the ASP.NET platform. The SGPD mainly provides an integrated platform for sheep and goat pathogen data retrieval, auxiliary analysis, and user upload, including several functionalities: (1) a Disease Introduction module that queries basic information regarding the 44 recorded sheep and goat infectious diseases, such as epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnostic criteria, and prevention and control measures; (2) an Omics Information module that allows users to query and download the genome and transcriptome data related to the pathogens of sheep and goat infectious disease, and provide sequence alignment functionality; (3) a Pathogen Structure module that enables users to view electron micrographs of pathogen structure and tissue sections related to sheep and goat disease from publicly published research; (4) a Literature Search module based on the "Pathogen Dictionary" search strategy that facilitates searches for published research related to pathogens of infectious disease; (5) a Science Popularization module that allows users to view popular science materials related to sheep and goat infectious diseases; and (6) a Public Health module that allows users to query the risk factors of zoonotic disease transmission and the corresponding related literature, and realize the visualization of pathogen distribution. The SGPD is a specialized sheep and goat pathogen information database that provides comprehensive resources and technical support for sheep and goat infectious disease research, prevention, and control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fengyang Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction and Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Laboratory of Haikou, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Hongyan Gao
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction and Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Laboratory of Haikou, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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8
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Cannet A, Simon-Chane C, Histace A, Akhoundi M, Romain O, Souchaud M, Jacob P, Sereno D, Gouagna LC, Bousses P, Mathieu-Daude F, Sereno D. Wing Interferential Patterns (WIPs) and machine learning for the classification of some Aedes species of medical interest. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17628. [PMID: 37848666 PMCID: PMC10582169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44945-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematophagous insects belonging to the Aedes genus are proven vectors of viral and filarial pathogens of medical interest. Aedes albopictus is an increasingly important vector because of its rapid worldwide expansion. In the context of global climate change and the emergence of zoonotic infectious diseases, identification tools with field application are required to strengthen efforts in the entomological survey of arthropods with medical interest. Large scales and proactive entomological surveys of Aedes mosquitoes need skilled technicians and/or costly technical equipment, further puzzled by the vast amount of named species. In this study, we developed an automatic classification system of Aedes species by taking advantage of the species-specific marker displayed by Wing Interferential Patterns. A database holding 494 photomicrographs of 24 Aedes spp. from which those documented with more than ten pictures have undergone a deep learning methodology to train a convolutional neural network and test its accuracy to classify samples at the genus, subgenus, and species taxonomic levels. We recorded an accuracy of 95% at the genus level and > 85% for two (Ochlerotatus and Stegomyia) out of three subgenera tested. Lastly, eight were accurately classified among the 10 Aedes sp. that have undergone a training process with an overall accuracy of > 70%. Altogether, these results demonstrate the potential of this methodology for Aedes species identification and will represent a tool for the future implementation of large-scale entomological surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Cannet
- Direction des affaires sanitaires et sociales de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, France
| | | | - Aymeric Histace
- ETIS UMR 8051, Cergy Paris University, ENSEA, CNRS, 95000, Cergy, France
| | | | | | - Marc Souchaud
- ETIS UMR 8051, Cergy Paris University, ENSEA, CNRS, 95000, Cergy, France
| | - Pierre Jacob
- ETIS UMR 8051, Cergy Paris University, ENSEA, CNRS, 95000, Cergy, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LaBRI, UMR 5800, 33400, Talence, France
| | - Darian Sereno
- InterTryp, Univ Montpellier, IRD-CIRAD, Infectiology Medical Entomology and One Health Research Group, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Françoise Mathieu-Daude
- MIVEGEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Institut Louis Malardé, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Denis Sereno
- InterTryp, Univ Montpellier, IRD-CIRAD, Infectiology Medical Entomology and One Health Research Group, Montpellier, France.
- MIVEGEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France.
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9
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Bartholomeeusen K, Daniel M, LaBeaud DA, Gasque P, Peeling RW, Stephenson KE, Ng LFP, Ariën KK. Chikungunya fever. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2023; 9:17. [PMID: 37024497 PMCID: PMC11126297 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-023-00429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus is widespread throughout the tropics, where it causes recurrent outbreaks of chikungunya fever. In recent years, outbreaks have afflicted populations in East and Central Africa, South America and Southeast Asia. The virus is transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Chikungunya fever is characterized by severe arthralgia and myalgia that can persist for years and have considerable detrimental effects on health, quality of life and economic productivity. The effects of climate change as well as increased globalization of commerce and travel have led to growth of the habitat of Aedes mosquitoes. As a result, increasing numbers of people will be at risk of chikungunya fever in the coming years. In the absence of specific antiviral treatments and with vaccines still in development, surveillance and vector control are essential to suppress re-emergence and epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Bartholomeeusen
- Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Daniel
- Unité de Recherche en Pharmaco-Immunologie (UR-EPI), Université et CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
- Service de Médecine d'Urgences-SAMU-SMUR, CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Desiree A LaBeaud
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Philippe Gasque
- Unité de Recherche en Pharmaco-Immunologie (UR-EPI), Université et CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Clinique et Expérimentale Océan Indien LICE-OI, Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Rosanna W Peeling
- Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kathryn E Stephenson
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- National Institute of Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kevin K Ariën
- Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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10
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Garcia GA, Lord AR, Santos LMB, Kariyawasam TN, David MR, Couto-Lima D, Tátila-Ferreira A, Pavan MG, Sikulu-Lord MT, Maciel-de-Freitas R. Rapid and Non-Invasive Detection of Aedes aegypti Co-Infected with Zika and Dengue Viruses Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy. Viruses 2022; 15:11. [PMID: 36680052 PMCID: PMC9863061 DOI: 10.3390/v15010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmission of dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) has been continuously increasing worldwide. An efficient arbovirus surveillance system is critical to designing early-warning systems to increase preparedness of future outbreaks in endemic countries. The Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is a promising high throughput technique to detect arbovirus infection in Ae. aegypti with remarkable advantages such as cost and time effectiveness, reagent-free, and non-invasive nature over existing molecular tools for similar purposes, enabling timely decision making through rapid detection of potential disease. Our aim was to determine whether NIRS can differentiate Ae. aegypti females infected with either ZIKV or DENV single infection, and those coinfected with ZIKV/DENV from uninfected ones. Using 200 Ae. aegypti females reared and infected in laboratory conditions, the training model differentiated mosquitoes into the four treatments with 100% accuracy. DENV-, ZIKV-, and ZIKV/DENV-coinfected mosquitoes that were used to validate the model could be correctly classified into their actual infection group with a predictive accuracy of 100%, 84%, and 80%, respectively. When compared with mosquitoes from the uninfected group, the three infected groups were predicted as belonging to the infected group with 100%, 97%, and 100% accuracy for DENV-infected, ZIKV-infected, and the co-infected group, respectively. Preliminary lab-based results are encouraging and indicate that NIRS should be tested in field settings to evaluate its potential role to monitor natural infection in field-caught mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela A. Garcia
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anton R. Lord
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Spectroscopy and Data Consultants Pty Ltd., Brisbane, QLD 4035, Australia
| | - Lilha M. B. Santos
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana R. David
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dinair Couto-Lima
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Tátila-Ferreira
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Márcio G. Pavan
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maggy T. Sikulu-Lord
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Rafael Maciel-de-Freitas
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Arbovirology, Bernhard Nocht Institute of Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
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11
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Entomo-Virological Aedes aegypti Surveillance Applied for Prediction of Dengue Transmission: A Spatio-Temporal Modeling Study. Pathogens 2022; 12:pathogens12010004. [PMID: 36678352 PMCID: PMC9861664 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, DENV transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti affects approximately one in three people annually. The spatio-temporal heterogeneity of vector infestation and the intensity of arbovirus transmission require surveillance capable of predicting an outbreak. In this work, we used data from 4 years of reported dengue cases and entomological indicators of adult Aedes collected from approximately 3500 traps installed in the city of Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil, to evaluate the spatial and temporal association between vector infestation and the occurrence of dengue cases. Entomological (TPI, ADI and MII) and entomo-virological (EVI) indexes were generated with the goal to provide local health managers with a transmission risk stratification that allows targeting areas for vector control activities. We observed a dynamic pattern in the evaluation; however, it was a low spatio-temporal correlation of Ae. aegypti and incidence of dengue. Independent temporal and spatial effects capture a significant portion of the signal given by human arbovirus cases. The entomo-virological index (EVI) significantly signaled risk in a few areas, whereas entomological indexes were not effective in providing dengue risk alert. Investigating the variation of biotic and abiotic factors between areas with and without correlation should provide more information about the local epidemiology of dengue.
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12
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Leandro ADS, Lopes RD, Amaral Martins C, Delai RM, Villela DAM, Maciel-de-Freitas R. Entomo-virological surveillance followed by serological active survey of symptomatic individuals is helpful to identify hotspots of early arbovirus transmission. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1024187. [PMID: 36388305 PMCID: PMC9651144 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1024187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti in urban environments have spread rapidly worldwide, causing great impacts on public health. The development of reliable and timely alert signals is among the most important steps in designing accurate surveillance systems for vector-borne diseases. In July and September 2017, we conducted a pilot study to improve an existing integrated surveillance system by using entomo-virological surveillance to prioritize areas to conduct active searches for individuals with arbovirus infection symptoms. Foz do Iguaçu City has a permanent entomo-virological surveillance system with approximately 3,500 traps to capture Aedes sp. in the adult stage. The Aedes aegypti females are captured alive and human samples are submitted to RT-qPCR (real-time qPCR) screening for DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV diagnosis. Of the 55 Ae. aegypti mosquitoes tested in July 2017, seven (12.7%) were considered positive for DENV-2 and three (5.4%) for CHIKV. In September, we tested a sample of 54 mosquitoes, and 15 (27.7%) were considered infected by DENV-2. We created 25 circumferences with 150-m radius each to perform an active survey to identify symptomatic householders. In July, we selected one circumference, and five (35.7%) patients were positive for DENV, whereas two (14.3%) for CHIKV. In September, we selected four circumferences, and, from the 21 individuals sampled, nine (42.8%) were positive for DENV-2. A statistical model with a binomial response was used to estimate the number of cases in areas without active surveys, i.e., 20 circumferences. We estimated an additional 83 symptomatic patients (95% CI: 45-145) to be found in active searches, with 38 (95% CI: 18-72) of them confirming arbovirus infection. Arbovirus detection and serotyping in mosquitoes, but also in symptomatic individuals during active surveys, can provide an alert signal of early arbovirus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- André de Souza Leandro
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil,Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Defante Lopes
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil,The Instituto Latino-Americano de Economia, Sociedade e Política, Universidade Federal Latino-Americana, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
| | - Caroline Amaral Martins
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Robson Michael Delai
- One Health Laboratory at the Three-Border Tropical Medicine Center, Itaiguapy Foundation - Institute of Teaching and Research, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Maciel-de-Freitas
- Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,Department of Arbovirology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany,*Correspondence: Rafael Maciel-de-Freitas
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13
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Delai RM, Leandro ADS, Martins CA, Fitz AFR, Rivas AV, Batista ACCA, Santos ICD, Fruehwirth M, Ferreira L, Rampazzo RDCP, Ferreira LRDP, Gonçalves DD. Adaptation of a Human Diagnostic Kit to Detect Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya Viruses in Mosquito Samples ( Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus): A Contribution to Public Health in the International Triple Border (Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina). Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2022; 22:520-526. [PMID: 36255416 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2022.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this work was to adapt a diagnostic kit developed for humans to identify Dengue (DENV1, DENV2, DENV3, DENV4), Zika (ZIKV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in females of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus and to verify if the occurrence of mosquitoes infected with these three arboviruses are being found in regions with high occurrence of these diseases in humans. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, live mosquitoes were captured between January and June 2020 using 3,476 traps permanently installed in the field were used. After capture, the species were identified, then the females were placed in a pool of 2 to 10 specimens and sent to the laboratory for detection of DENV1, DENV2, DENV3, DENV4, ZIKV and CHIKV by RT-PCR using a commercial human kit for arboviruses. Results: Of the 76 mosquito pools collected, six (7.9%) pools tested positive for the DENV2 virus. The DENV-positive mosquitoes were collected in regions with a high incidence of reported cases of Dengue or in adjacent areas. Conclusion: The absence of kits for the detection of these arboviruses in Aedes is a limiting factor and the adequacy of commercial kits, already used for the diagnosis of arboviruses in humans, the results presented demonstrate that it is possible to identify the presence of DENV2 in mosquitoes with the respective kit, reinforcing the use of RT-qPCR as a robust diagnostic tool for epidemiological surveillance allowing managers to receive timely results for decision-making regarding prevention and control actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson Michael Delai
- One Health Laboratory, Three-Border Tropical Medicine Center, Institute of Teaching and Research, Itaiguapy Foundation, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - André de Souza Leandro
- Zoonoses Surveillance Unit, Municipal Secretary of Health, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
- Laboratory of Hematozoan Transmitters, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Andressa Faria Rahyn Fitz
- One Health Laboratory, Three-Border Tropical Medicine Center, Institute of Teaching and Research, Itaiguapy Foundation, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
| | - Açucena Veleh Rivas
- One Health Laboratory, Three-Border Tropical Medicine Center, Institute of Teaching and Research, Itaiguapy Foundation, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Experimental Pathology, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Aline Cristiane Cechinel Assing Batista
- One Health Laboratory, Three-Border Tropical Medicine Center, Institute of Teaching and Research, Itaiguapy Foundation, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Isabela Carvalho Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Fruehwirth
- One Health Laboratory, Three-Border Tropical Medicine Center, Institute of Teaching and Research, Itaiguapy Foundation, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Ferreira
- One Health Laboratory, Three-Border Tropical Medicine Center, Institute of Teaching and Research, Itaiguapy Foundation, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniela Dib Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, Brazil
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14
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Haisi A, Wu S, Zini N, da Silva MLCR, Malossi CD, Cubas ZS, Cubas PH, Teixeira RHF, de Sousa MS, Lucena RB, Svoboda WK, Osaki SC, Nogueira ML, Ullmann LS, Araújo JP. Lack of serological and molecular evidences of Zika virus circulation in non-human primates in three states from Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2022; 117:e220012. [PMID: 36074421 PMCID: PMC9444137 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760220012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) was discovered in 1947 with the virus isolation from Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) in Uganda forest, Africa. Old World Primates are involved in a sylvatic cycle of maintenance of this arbovirus, however a limited knowledge about the role of New World primates in ZIKV transmission cycles has been established. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to investigate the presence of enzootic circulation of ZIKV in New World Primates from three Brazilian states: São Paulo, Paraíba, and Paraná. METHODS We analyzed 100 non-human primate samples collected in 2018 and 2020 from free-ranging and captive environments from São Paulo (six municipalities belonging to Sorocaba region), Paraíba (João Pessoa municipality), and Paraná (Foz do Iguaçu municipality) using reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase reaction (RT-qPCR) assays, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). FINDINGS All samples (n = 141) tested negative for the presence of ZIKV genome from tissue and blood samples. In addition, all sera (n = 58) from Foz do Iguaçu' non-human primates (NHPs) were negative in serological assays. MAIN CONCLUSION No evidence of ZIKV circulation (molecular and serological) was found in neotropical primates. In addition, the absence of antibodies against ZIKV suggests the absence of previous viral exposure of NHPs from Foz do Iguaçu-PR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Haisi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Stacy Wu
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Palotina, PR, Brasil
| | - Nathalia Zini
- Escola de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Camila Dantas Malossi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ricardo Barbosa Lucena
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Areia, PB, Brasil
| | | | - Silvia Cristina Osaki
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Palotina, PR, Brasil
| | - Mauricio Lacerda Nogueira
- Escola de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil,University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Pathology, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Leila Sabrina Ullmann
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Botucatu, SP, Brasil,Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - João Pessoa Araújo
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Botucatu, SP, Brasil,+ Corresponding author:
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15
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Entomological Surveillance of Aedes Mosquitoes: Comparison of Different Collection Methods in an Endemic Area in RIO de Janeiro, Brazil. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7070114. [PMID: 35878126 PMCID: PMC9324765 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7070114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Using collection methods for Aedes adults as surveillance tools provides reliable indices and arbovirus detection possibilities. This study compared the effectiveness of different methods for collecting Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus and detecting arboviruses circulating in field-caught female specimens. Collection sites were defined in urban, peri-urban, and rural landscapes in two Brazilian cities. Collections were performed using Adultraps (ADT), BG-Sentinel (BGS), CDC-like traps (CDC), and indoor (ASP-I) and outdoor (ASP-O) aspiration during the rainy and dry seasons of 2015 and 2016. Generalized linear mixed models were used to model the effectiveness of each collection method. A total of 434 Ae. aegypti and 393 Ae. albopictus were collected. In total, 64 Ae. aegypti and sixteen Ae. albopictus female pools were tested for DENV, CHIKV, ZIKV, or YFV; none were positive. Positivity and density were linear at low densities (<1 specimen); thereafter, the relationship became non-linear. For Ae. aegypti, ADT and CDC were less effective, and ASP-I and ASP-O were as effective as BGS. For Ae. albopictus, all collection methods were less effective than BGS. This study highlights the need for an integrated surveillance method as an effective tool for monitoring Aedes vectors.
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16
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Ghosh S, Ghosh C. COVID-19’s impacts on dengue transmission: Focus on neighbourhood surveillance of Aedes mosquitoes. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.351768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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