1
|
Rana EA, Nizami TA, Islam MS, Sarker S, Rahman H, Hoque A, Rahman M. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiling of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from cats, Bangladesh. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-11. [PMID: 38487883 PMCID: PMC10946260 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2326848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a significant bacterial pathogen that frequently colonizes different body sites and mucous membranes of pets. The objectives of the cross-sectional study were to estimate the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance pattern, and detection of diverse resistance as well as virulence genes of S. pseudintermedius in cats. A standard bacteriological method, species-specific gene and different antimicrobial resistance as well as virulence genes were confirmed by PCR assay. A total of 233 swab samples were collected from different body sites of 102 cats, among them 146 swabs from 73 healthy cats, and 87 from 29 diseased cats. Overall, prevalence of S. pseudintermedius in cats was 12.01%, while dermatitis and otitis affected cats were 26.08% and 33.33%, respectively. The highest antimicrobial resistance was observed against penicillin (96.42%) followed by streptomycin (85.71%) and erythromycin (78.57%). Moreover, 89.28% of S. pseudintermedius isolates exhibit multi-drug resistance (MDR) (≥ 3 classes' antimicrobial resistant). In addition, 17.86% isolates harbored the mecA gene; thus, were classified as methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP). Furthermore, the erythromycin resistance genes ermA and ermB were harbored by 25% and 10.71% of isolates, while 42.86% and 17.86% of isolates carried tetK and tetL (tetracycline resistance) genes, respectively. In virulence profiling, 32.14% (sea) and 10.71% (seb) of isolates were found positive for enterotoxin genes, whereas, the toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tst-1) gene and the Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene (pvl) were detected in 25% and 14.29% of isolates, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report of cats in Bangladesh for MDR S. pseudintermedius, MRSP, and their virulence profiling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eaftekhar Ahmed Rana
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Ahmad Nizami
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sayedul Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Subrata Sarker
- Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hafizar Rahman
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Azizul Hoque
- Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mizanur Rahman
- Teaching & Training Pet Hospital and Research Center, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Onyango LA, Liang J. Manuka honey as a non-antibiotic alternative against Staphylococcus spp. and their small colony variant (SCVs) phenotypes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1380289. [PMID: 38868298 PMCID: PMC11168119 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1380289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The antibiotic resistance (ABR) crisis is an urgent global health priority. Staphylococci are among the problematic bacteria contributing to this emergency owing to their recalcitrance to many clinically important antibiotics. Staphylococcal pathogenesis is further complicated by the presence of small colony variants (SCVs), a bacterial subpopulation displaying atypical characteristics including retarded growth, prolific biofilm formation, heightened antibiotic tolerance, and enhanced intracellular persistence. These capabilities severely impede current chemotherapeutics, resulting in chronic infections, poor patient outcomes, and significant economic burden. Tackling ABR requires alternative measures beyond the conventional options that have dominated treatment regimens over the past 8 decades. Non-antibiotic therapies are gaining interest in this arena, including the use of honey, which despite having ancient therapeutic roots has now been reimagined as an alternative treatment beyond just traditional topical use, to include the treatment of an array of difficult-to-treat staphylococcal infections. This literature review focused on Manuka honey (MH) and its efficacy as an anti-staphylococcal treatment. We summarized the studies that have used this product and the technologies employed to study the antibacterial mechanisms that render MH a suitable agent for the management of problematic staphylococcal infections, including those involving staphylococcal SCVs. We also discussed the status of staphylococcal resistance development to MH and other factors that may impact its efficacy as an alternative therapy to help combat ABR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Onyango
- Department of Biology, Trinity Western University, Langley, BC, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Border SO, Morris C, Donaldson RE. Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance at two private veterinary referral hospitals. Aust Vet J 2024. [PMID: 38778730 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging human and animal issue. The frequency of resistance to high importance antimicrobials, isolation of microbes of One Health importance and the nature and frequency of multi-drug resistant (MDR) profiles in Australian small animal referral practice have not been described previously. Medical databases of two private small animal referral hospitals in Queensland, Australia were reviewed for culture and susceptibility (C&S) results from 1 January to 31 December 2020. Hospital site (H1 and H2), culture sample, C&S results and MDR were documented for samples from services operating at both locations. There were 631 microbial isolates and 386 susceptibility profiles from 438 samples. The predominant organism was Staphylococcus pseudintermedius at H1 (n = 95) and Escherichia coli at H2 (n = 23). The majority of samples were integumentary (H1 n = 216, H2 n = 75) or urogenital (H1 n = 74, H2 n = 70). MDR isolates were reported at both hospitals, and were significantly more likely at H1 (69/262, 26.3% vs. 12/121, 9.9%; P < 0.001). High levels of AMR including MDR profiles were reported at the two hospitals evaluated, but they had significantly different resistance patterns and microbial profiles. These results highlight the need to practice appropriate antimicrobial stewardship in veterinary medicine, and are supportive for individual hospital surveillance with antibiograms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S O Border
- Queensland Veterinary Specialists, 45 Hayward St, Stafford, Queensland, 4053, Australia
- Queensland Veterinary Specialists, 53 Flinders Pde, North Lakes, Queensland, 4509, Australia
| | - Cad Morris
- Queensland Veterinary Specialists, 45 Hayward St, Stafford, Queensland, 4053, Australia
- Queensland Veterinary Specialists, 53 Flinders Pde, North Lakes, Queensland, 4509, Australia
| | - R E Donaldson
- Queensland Veterinary Specialists, 45 Hayward St, Stafford, Queensland, 4053, Australia
- Queensland Veterinary Specialists, 53 Flinders Pde, North Lakes, Queensland, 4509, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang S, Yang N, Mao R, Hao Y, Teng D, Wang J. In Vitro/Vivo Mechanisms of Antibacterial Peptide NZ2114 against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Its Biofilms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:341. [PMID: 38667017 PMCID: PMC11047522 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an opportunistic pathogen commonly found in canines, and has garnered escalating interest due to its potential for zoonotic transmission and increasing antimicrobial resistance. However, the excessive use of antibiotics and the characteristic of S. pseudintermedius forming biofilms make treatment challenging. In this study, the in vivo and in vitro antimicrobial activity and mechanisms of action of NZ2114, a plectasin-derived peptide, against S. pseudintermedius were investigated. NZ2114 exhibited potent antibacterial activity towards S. pseudintermedius (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC = 0.23 μM) with a lower probability of inducing drug-resistant mutations and efficient bactericidal action, which was superior to those of mopirucin (MIC = 0.25-0.5 μM) and lincomycin (MIC = 4.34-69.41 μM). The results of electron microscopy and flow cytometry showed that NZ2114 disrupted S. pseudintermedius' cell membrane, resulting in cellular content leakage, cytoplasmic membrane shrinkage, and, eventually, cell death. The intracellular ROS activity and Alamar Blue detection showed that NZ2114 interferes with intracellular metabolic processes. In addition, NZ2114 effectively inhibits biofilm formation, and confocal laser scanning microscopy further revealed its antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity (biofilm thickness reduced to 6.90-17.70 μm). The in vivo therapy of NZ2114 in a mouse pyoderma model showed that it was better than lincomycin in effectively decreasing the number of skin bacteria, alleviating histological damage, and reducing the skin damage area. These results demonstrated that NZ2114 may be a promising antibacterial candidate against S. pseudintermedius infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Na Yang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ruoyu Mao
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ya Hao
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Da Teng
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim SK, Lee JB, Lee HT, Yoon JW. Combined antimicrobial effect of two peptide nucleic acids against Staphylococcus aureus and S. pseudintermedius veterinary isolates. J Vet Sci 2024; 25:e12. [PMID: 38311325 PMCID: PMC10839180 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.23265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus and S. pseudintermedius are the major etiological agents of staphylococcal infections in humans, livestock, and companion animals. The misuse of antimicrobial drugs has led to the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus spp., including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP). One novel therapeutic approach against MRSA and MRSP is a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) that can bind to the target nucleotide strands and block expression. Previously, two PNAs conjugated with cell-penetrating peptides (P-PNAs), antisense PNA (ASP)-cmk and ASP-deoD, targeting two essential genes in S. aureus, were constructed, and their antibacterial activities were analyzed. OBJECTIVES This study analyzed the combined antibacterial effects of P-PNAs on S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius clinical isolates. METHODS S. aureus ATCC 29740 cells were treated simultaneously with serially diluted ASP-cmk and ASP-deoD, and the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were measured. The combined P-PNA mixture was then treated with S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius veterinary isolates at the determined MIC, and the antibacterial effect was examined. RESULTS The combined treatment of two P-PNAs showed higher antibacterial activity than the individual treatments. The MICs of two individual P-PNAs were 20 and 25 μM, whereas that of the combined treatment was 10 μM. The application of a combined treatment to clinical Staphylococcus spp. revealed S. aureus isolates to be resistant to P-PNAs and S. pseudintermedius isolates to be susceptible. CONCLUSIONS These observations highlight the complexity of designing ASPs with high efficacy for potential applications in treating staphylococcal infections in humans and animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se Kye Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jun Bong Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | | | - Jang Won Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aljasham AT, Damra EM, Alkahtani NS, Alouffi A, Al Salem WS, Alshabanah AO, Alotaibi M, Tanaka T, Ali A, Almutairi MM. Isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of the bacteria isolated from Hyalomma dromedarii infesting camels in Al-Jouf province, Saudi Arabia. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1227908. [PMID: 38155762 PMCID: PMC10752931 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1227908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ticks are important ectoparasites that transmit various pathogens causing morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. Saudi Arabia faces several challenges that can contribute to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) bacteria. These challenges require collaborative efforts to successfully achieve significant control of AMR in the country. The present study aims to isolate bacteria from camels' tick Hyalomma dromedarii in Al-Jouf province to identify and determine these isolates' antimicrobial susceptibilities. Forty-nine ticks were collected from dromedary camels and morphologically classified as H. dromedarii. Ticks were then homogenized and plated individually, which resulted in the isolation of 55 bacteria. The results showed that the bacterial isolates belong to 20 different species. About 71% (n = 39) of the total isolates were identified as Gram-positive bacteria comprised of 11 different species, while 29% (n = 16) of the total isolates were Gram-negative bacteria comprised of 9 different species. The most prevalent isolate within the total samples was Staphylococcus lentus (22.45%, 11/49), followed by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (18.37%, 9/49) and Sphingomonas paucimobilis (16.33% 8/49). The antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Gram-positive bacteria showed that 100% (n = 31) were resistant to benzylpenicillin; 90.3% (n = 28) were resistant to oxacillin; 58.1% (n = 18) were resistant to clindamycin; 48.4% (n = 15) were resistant to vancomycin. In addition, 32.3% (n = 10) were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and rifampicin; 25.8% (n = 8) were resistant to erythromycin; 16.1% (n = 5) were resistant to teicoplanin; 6.5% (n = 2) were resistant to tetracycline. All Gram-positive bacteria were 100% susceptible to linezolid, gentamicin, tobramycin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, tigecycline, and nitrofurantoin. In antimicrobial susceptibility tests for the Gram-negative bacteria, 57.14% (n = 8) of the identified bacteria were resistant to ampicillin, whereas 50% (n = 7) were resistant to cefoxitin and ceftazidime. About 28.57% (n = 4) of the Gram-negative bacteria were resistant to ceftriaxone, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. In addition, 21.43% (n = 3) were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cephalothin; 14.29% (n = 2) were resistant to cefepime and nitrofurantoin; 7.14% (n = 1) were resistant to piperacillin/tazobactam and tigecycline. However, all Gram-negative bacteria were susceptible to other examined antimicrobials. This is the first study that investigates the role of the hard tick as a potential reservoir for AMR pathogens within our region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alanoud T. Aljasham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman M. Damra
- Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Environment, Water, and Agriculture, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora S. Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alouffi
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed S. Al Salem
- Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Environment, Water, and Agriculture, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aljoharah O. Alshabanah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moureq Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tetsuya Tanaka
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Abid Ali
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Mashal M. Almutairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Östholm Balkhed Å, Söderlund R, Gunnarsson L, Wikström C, Ljung H, Claesson C, Börjesson S. An investigation of household dogs as the source in a case of human bacteraemia caused by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2023; 13:2229578. [PMID: 37416510 PMCID: PMC10321180 DOI: 10.1080/20008686.2023.2229578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a commensal and an opportunistic pathogen in dogs, and is also an opportunistic pathogen in humans. Here we report about a case of bacteraemia with a fatal outcome in a 77-year-old co-morbid male likely caused by a S. pseudintermedius and the investigation into the possible transmission from the two dogs in the patient's household. The two dogs carried the same S. pseudintermedius strain, but this dog strain was unrelated to the strain from the patient. In contrast to the patient strain, the dog strain showed reduced susceptibility to several antibiotics and both dogs had received antibiotic treatment prior to sampling. So, it is conceivable that these treatments can have eliminated the patient's strain between the transmission event and the dog sampling. It is also worth noting that the patient strain was positive for the expA gene, which encodes an exfoliative toxin closely related to the S. aureus exfoliative toxin B. This toxin has been linked to canine pyoderma, but its effect on humans remains unknown. Transmission of S. pseudintermedius was confirmed in the household between the dogs. However, we could not verify that the dogs were the source for the S. pseudintermedius in the patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Åse Östholm Balkhed
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Robert Söderlund
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lotta Gunnarsson
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Camilla Wikström
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helena Ljung
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carina Claesson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Stefan Börjesson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sobkowich KE, Weese JS, Poljak Z, Plum A, Szlosek D, Bernardo TM. Epidemiology of companion animal AMR in the United States of America: filling a gap in the one health approach. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1161950. [PMID: 37397773 PMCID: PMC10313394 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1161950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health concern that affects all aspects of the One Health Triad, including human, animal, and environmental health. Companion animals, such as cats and dogs, may contribute to the spread of AMR through their close contact with humans and the frequent prescription of antimicrobials. However, research on AMR in companion animals is limited, and there are few surveillance measures in place to monitor the spread of resistant pathogens in the United States. Methods This study aims to explore the practicality of using data from commercial laboratory antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) services for epidemiological analyses of AMR in companion animals in the United States. Results The study analyzed 25,147,300 individual AST results from cats and dogs submitted to a large commercial diagnostic laboratory in the United States between 2019 and 2021, and found that resistance to certain antimicrobials was common in both E. coli and S. pseudintermedius strains. Conclusion There has been a paucity of information regarding AMR in companion animals in comparison to human, environmental and other animal species. Commercial AST datasets may prove beneficial in providing more representation to companion animals within the One Health framework for AMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurtis E. Sobkowich
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - J. Scott Weese
- Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Zvonimir Poljak
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Andy Plum
- IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook, ME, United States
| | | | - Theresa M. Bernardo
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Complete Genome Sequences of 11 Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Isolates from Dogs in the United States. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0000223. [PMID: 36877101 PMCID: PMC10112120 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00002-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We report here the genome sequences of 11 canine Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates from New York, New Hampshire, California, Pennsylvania, and Kansas. The sequencing information will enable spatial phylogenetic comparisons of staphylococcal species and other related species and will help in better understanding their virulence potential.
Collapse
|
10
|
Mauer AN, Allbaugh RA, Kreuder AJ, Sebbag L. Impact of multi-drug resistance on clinical outcomes of dogs with corneal ulcers infected with Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1083294. [PMID: 36504873 PMCID: PMC9729527 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1083294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Compare characteristics and clinical outcomes of dogs with infectious keratitis from Staphylococcus pseudintermedius considered to be multidrug-resistant (MDR) or not. Procedures Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated as the primary pathogen from canine patients with ulcerative keratitis were considered MDR if resistant to at least one agent in three or more classes of antibiotics. Medical records were reviewed for history, patients' characteristics, clinical appearance, therapeutic interventions, and clinical outcomes. Results Twenty-eight dogs (28 eyes) were included. Compared to non-MDR cases, MDR diagnosis was significantly more common in dogs with recent (≤30 days) anesthesia (7/15 vs. 1/13, P = 0.038) and more common in non-brachycephalic dogs (8/15 vs. 2/13, P = 0.055). Clinical appearance (ulcer size/depth, anterior chamber reaction, etc.) did not differ significantly between groups (P ≥ 0.055). Median (range) time to re-epithelialization was longer in MDR vs. non-MDR eyes [29 (10-47) vs. 22 (7-42) days] but the difference was not significant (P = 0.301). Follow-up time was significantly longer in dogs with MDR keratitis [47 (29-590) vs. 29 (13-148) days, P = 0.009]. No other significant differences were noted between MDR and non-MDR eyes in regard to time for ulcer stabilization [4 (1-17) days vs. 4 (1-12), P = 0.699], number of eyes requiring surgical stabilization (7/15 vs. 7/13, P = 0.246) or enucleation (1/15 vs. 2/13, P = 1.000), success in maintaining globe (14/15 vs. 11/13, P = 0.583) or success in maintaining vision (12/15 vs. 10/13, P = 1.000). Conclusions MDR infections may prolong corneal healing time but did not appear to affect overall clinical outcomes in dogs with bacterial keratitis. Further research is warranted in a larger canine population and other bacterial species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N. Mauer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Rachel A. Allbaugh
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States,*Correspondence: Rachel A. Allbaugh
| | - Amanda J. Kreuder
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Lionel Sebbag
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States,Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel,Lionel Sebbag
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
János D, Viorel H, Ionica I, Corina P, Tiana F, Roxana D. Carriage of Multidrug Resistance Staphylococci in Shelter Dogs in Timisoara, Romania. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070801. [PMID: 34356722 PMCID: PMC8300769 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus species, which pose risks for public health, by evaluating skin samples collected from dogs in an animal shelter in Timisoara. Skin samples were taken from 78 dogs, which were either clinically healthy or suffering from dermatological conditions. Staphylococcus spp. was isolated and recognized based on conventional methods based on colony appearance, microscopic morphology, sugar fermentation, and coagulase activity. Following biochemical analysis, Staphylococcus isolates were subject to PCR tests to detect sa-f and sa-r genes to confirm the isolates to genus level. The typical colonies were identified to species level using biochemical methods, namely the VITEK®2 ID-GP64 identification card (bioMerieux, France). The phenotypic antimicrobial resistance profiling was performed using the VITEK®2 AST GP Gram-positive specific bacteria card (bioMerieux, France). Forty-three samples were confirmed as positive for Staphylococcus spp. Staphylococcus isolates were classified into the following categories: S. aureus, S. pseudintermedius, S. intermedius, S. epidermitis, S. haemolyticus, and S. hyicus. Eight (18.60%, 8/43) out of all the samples harbored the mecA gene, highlighting the distribution among isolated staphylococcal species: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (4/43, 9.30%), Staphylococcus intermedius (1/43, 2.32%) and Staphylococcus aureus (3/43, 9.30%), respectively. The phenomenon of resistance was present, to the following antimicrobial agents: erythromycin (38/43, 88.37%), benzylpenicillin, kanamycin, and tetracycline with 37 strains (37/43, 86.04%), gentamycin (30/43, 69.76%), chloramphenicol (29/43, 67.44%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (27/43, 62.79%), ampicillin (26/43, 60,46%), rifampicin (25/43, 58,13%), imipenem (14/43, 32,55%), nitrofurantoin (11/43, 25.58%), oxacillin (8/43, 18.60%), vancomycin (4/43, 9.30%) and clindamycin (3/43, 6.97%), respectively. The presence of multidrug-resistant zoonotic staphylococci in clinically healthy dogs and dogs with skin lesions is an animal health and human health concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dégi János
- Correspondence: (D.J.); (F.T.); Tel.: +40-767-089-041 (D.J.)
| | | | | | | | - Florea Tiana
- Correspondence: (D.J.); (F.T.); Tel.: +40-767-089-041 (D.J.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jantorn P, Heemmamad H, Soimala T, Indoung S, Saising J, Chokpaisarn J, Wanna W, Tipmanee V, Saeloh D. Antibiotic Resistance Profile and Biofilm Production of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Isolated from Dogs in Thailand. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060592. [PMID: 34203050 PMCID: PMC8234208 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a zoonotic pathogen that can cause life-threatening infections in animals and humans. The study of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) and its ability to produce biofilms is important to select the most suitable treatment. The prevalence and characteristics of S. pseudintermedius isolated from dogs admitted at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand were assessed. Results showed that 28.30% (15/53) of the isolates were MRSP. Amplification of the mecA gene was observed in 93.33% (14/15) MRSP. Methicillin-resistant strains revealed co-resistant patterns against other antibiotics, including chloramphenicol, clindamycin, tetracycline, clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim. In this study, all bacterial isolates produced biofilms, while 90.55% of S. pseudintermedius isolates were strong or moderate biofilm producers. Most (45–60%) of the resistant strains were strong biofilm producers, while the correlation between biofilm production and antibiotic resistance was not statistically significant. This is the first study in southern Thailand to investigate the drug-resistant profile of S. pseudintermedius and its ability to form biofilm. The results will contribute to a better understanding of the emergence and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in S. pseudintermedius.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavarish Jantorn
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (P.J.); (W.W.)
| | - Hawaree Heemmamad
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;
| | - Tanawan Soimala
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (T.S.); (S.I.)
| | - Saowakon Indoung
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (T.S.); (S.I.)
| | - Jongkon Saising
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
| | - Julalak Chokpaisarn
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;
| | - Warapond Wanna
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (P.J.); (W.W.)
| | - Varomyalin Tipmanee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;
| | - Dennapa Saeloh
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|