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van Galen M, Bok A, Peshkovsky T, van der Gucht J, Albada B, Sprakel J. De novo DNA-based catch bonds. Nat Chem 2024:10.1038/s41557-024-01571-4. [PMID: 38914727 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01571-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
All primary chemical interactions weaken under mechanical stress, which imposes fundamental mechanical limits on the materials constructed from them. Biological materials combine plasticity with strength, for which nature has evolved a unique solution-catch bonds, supramolecular interactions that strengthen under tension. Biological catch bonds use force-gated conformational switches to convert weak bonds into strong ones. So far, catch bonds remain exclusive to nature, leaving their potential as mechanoadaptive elements in synthetic systems untapped. Here we report the design and realization of artificial catch bonds. Starting from a minimal set of thermodynamic design requirements, we created a molecular motif capable of catch bonding. It consists of a DNA duplex featuring a cryptic domain that unfolds under tension to strengthen the interaction. We show that these catch bonds recreate force-enhanced rolling adhesion, a hallmark feature of biological catch bonds in bacteria and leukocytes. This Article introduces catch bonds into the synthetic domain, and could lead to the creation of artificial catch-bonded materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn van Galen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Bok
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Taieesa Peshkovsky
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jasper van der Gucht
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Bauke Albada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.
| | - Joris Sprakel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.
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2
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Wang M, Jin Z, Huang H, Cheng X, Zhang Q, Tang Y, Zhu X, Zong Z, Li H, Ning Z. Neutrophil hitchhiking: Riding the drug delivery wave to treat diseases. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22169. [PMID: 38477422 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Neutrophils are a crucial component of the innate immune system and play a pivotal role in various physiological processes. From a physical perspective, hitchhiking is considered a phenomenon of efficient transportation. The combination of neutrophils and hitchhikers has given rise to effective delivery systems both in vivo and in vitro, thus neutrophils hitchhiking become a novel approach to disease treatment. This article provides an overview of the innovative and feasible application of neutrophils as drug carriers. It explores the mechanisms underlying neutrophil function, elucidates the mechanism of drug delivery mediated by neutrophil-hitchhiking, and discusses the potential applications of this strategy in the treatment of cancer, immune diseases, inflammatory diseases, and other medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghui Wang
- Department of Day Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- HuanKui Academy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhenhua Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Haoyu Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xifu Cheng
- Department of Day Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Day Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhu
- Department of Day Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhen Zong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhikun Ning
- Department of Day Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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3
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Chen WA, Boskovic DS. Neutrophil Extracellular DNA Traps in Response to Infection or Inflammation, and the Roles of Platelet Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3025. [PMID: 38474270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils present the host's first line of defense against bacterial infections. These immune effector cells are mobilized rapidly to destroy invading pathogens by (a) reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative bursts and (b) via phagocytosis. In addition, their antimicrobial service is capped via a distinct cell death mechanism, by the release of their own decondensed nuclear DNA, supplemented with a variety of embedded proteins and enzymes. The extracellular DNA meshwork ensnares the pathogenic bacteria and neutralizes them. Such neutrophil extracellular DNA traps (NETs) have the potential to trigger a hemostatic response to pathogenic infections. The web-like chromatin serves as a prothrombotic scaffold for platelet adhesion and activation. What is less obvious is that platelets can also be involved during the initial release of NETs, forming heterotypic interactions with neutrophils and facilitating their responses to pathogens. Together, the platelet and neutrophil responses can effectively localize an infection until it is cleared. However, not all microbial infections are easily cleared. Certain pathogenic organisms may trigger dysregulated platelet-neutrophil interactions, with a potential to subsequently propagate thromboinflammatory processes. These may also include the release of some NETs. Therefore, in order to make rational intervention easier, further elucidation of platelet, neutrophil, and pathogen interactions is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Chen
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Danilo S Boskovic
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Earth and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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4
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Acosta CH, Clemons GA, Citadin CT, Carr WC, Udo MSB, Tesic V, Sanicola HW, Freelin AH, Toms JB, Jordan JD, Guthikonda B, Rodgers KM, Wu CYC, Lee RHC, Lin HW. PRMT7 can prevent neurovascular uncoupling, blood-brain barrier permeability, and mitochondrial dysfunction in repetitive and mild traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2023; 366:114445. [PMID: 37196697 PMCID: PMC10960645 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) comprises the largest percentage of TBI-related injuries, with pathophysiological and functional deficits that persist in a subset of TBI patients. In our three-hit paradigm of repetitive and mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI), we observed neurovascular uncoupling via decreased red blood cell velocity, microvessel diameter, and leukocyte rolling velocity 3 days post-rmTBI via intra-vital two-photon laser scanning microscopy. Furthermore, our data suggest increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability (leakage), with corresponding decrease in junctional protein expression post-rmTBI. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates (measured via Seahorse XFe24) were also altered 3 days post-rmTBI, along with disrupted mitochondrial dynamics of fission and fusion. Overall, these pathophysiological findings correlated with decreased protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) protein levels and activity post-rmTBI. Here, we increased PRMT7 levels in vivo to assess the role of the neurovasculature and mitochondria post-rmTBI. In vivo overexpression of PRMT7 using a neuronal specific AAV vector led to restoration of neurovascular coupling, prevented BBB leakage, and promoted mitochondrial respiration, altogether to suggest a protective and functional role of PRMT7 in rmTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina H Acosta
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Garrett A Clemons
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Cristiane T Citadin
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - William C Carr
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Mariana Sayuri Berto Udo
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Vesna Tesic
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Henry W Sanicola
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America; Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Anne H Freelin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Jamie B Toms
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - J Dedrick Jordan
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Bharat Guthikonda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Krista M Rodgers
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Celeste Yin-Chieh Wu
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Reggie Hui-Chao Lee
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America; Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America.
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5
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Chakraborty S, Tabrizi Z, Bhatt NN, Franciosa SA, Bracko O. A Brief Overview of Neutrophils in Neurological Diseases. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050743. [PMID: 37238612 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocyte in circulation and are the first line of defense after an infection or injury. Neutrophils have a broad spectrum of functions, including phagocytosis of microorganisms, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, oxidative burst, and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Traditionally, neutrophils were thought to be most important for acute inflammatory responses, with a short half-life and a more static response to infections and injury. However, this view has changed in recent years showing neutrophil heterogeneity and dynamics, indicating a much more regulated and flexible response. Here we will discuss the role of neutrophils in aging and neurological disorders; specifically, we focus on recent data indicating the impact of neutrophils in chronic inflammatory processes and their contribution to neurological diseases. Lastly, we aim to conclude that reactive neutrophils directly contribute to increased vascular inflammation and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeynab Tabrizi
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | | | | | - Oliver Bracko
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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6
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Masheto G, Moyo S, Mohammed T, Banda C, Raphaka C, Mayondi G, Makhema J, Shapiro R, Mosepele M, Zash R, Lockman S. Maternal biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and pregnancy outcomes in women with and without HIV in Botswana. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281910. [PMID: 36821530 PMCID: PMC9949641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women living with HIV-1 (WLHIV) are at higher risk of having an adverse birth outcome, but the underlying mechanism(s) are unknown. We hypothesized that HIV-associated endothelial activation could adversely impact placental function and lead to impaired fetal growth or stillbirth. METHODS We used stored samples from WLHIV and HIV-negative women who had enrolled during pregnancy in the observational Botswana Tshipidi cohort. Written informed consent was obtained from the participants. We measured plasma levels of markers of endothelial activation (soluble vascular adhesion molecule 1 [VCAM-1], intercellular adhesion molecule 1 [ICAM-1] and E-selectin) from samples taken during pregnancy. We compared log10 biomarker levels by maternal HIV status and by the timing of ART initiation (ART prior to conception vs. during pregnancy; ART prior to sample collection vs. no ART prior to sampling) using t-tests and the Kruskal-Wallis rank test. We evaluated the association between these biomarkers and adverse birth outcomes (composite of stillbirth or small for gestational age [SGA]) using univariate and multivariate log-binomial regression controlling for maternal age (continuous) and timing of ART start. We also used generalized linear models (GLM) to evaluate the association between continuous birthweight (in grams) and gestational age (in weeks) and markers of endothelial dysfunction, adjusting for maternal age (continuous) and timing of ART relative to sample collection. RESULTS Specimens collected before delivery were available for 414 women (372 WLHIV and 42 HIV-negative women), with a median age of 28 years and median gestational age at sample collection of 30 weeks (range 26, 35 weeks). WLHIV had significantly higher median VCAM1 (p = 0.002) than HIV-negative women, but HIV-negative women had higher median ICAM1 (p = 0.01); e-Selectin levels did not differ by maternal HIV status. Women starting ART during pregnancy had higher log10 VCAM1 levels than those on ART before conception, regardless of whether the sample was collected before (p = 0.02) or after (p = 0.03) ART initiation. However, ICAM1 and e-Selectin did not differ significantly by ART status or ART timing. Ninety-eight women (91 WLHIV and 7 HIV-negative), or 9 (2%) and 89 (22%) included in this study, had a stillborn or SGA baby respectively. Univariate and adjusted analyses did not show significant associations between levels of any of the biomarkers with these adverse birth outcomes. However, lower birthweight (p = 0.03) and lower gestational age at delivery were associated e-Selectin and ICAM (p = 0.008), respectively. CONCLUSION Maternal HIV infection and lack of ART (or recent ART initiation) were associated with one marker of greater endothelial activation (VCAM-1), but not with other markers (ICAM-1 nor E-selectin) in pregnancy. e-Selectin was associated with lower birthweight and every unit increase in log ICAM-1 at delivery was associated with lower gestation age at delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaerolwe Masheto
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Sikhulile Moyo
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Allied Health Professions, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | - Christine Banda
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | - Gloria Mayondi
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Joseph Makhema
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Roger Shapiro
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Mosepele Mosepele
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Rebecca Zash
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Shahin Lockman
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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7
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Sutherland TE, Dyer DP, Allen JE. The extracellular matrix and the immune system: A mutually dependent relationship. Science 2023; 379:eabp8964. [PMID: 36795835 DOI: 10.1126/science.abp8964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
For decades, immunologists have studied the role of circulating immune cells in host protection, with a more recent appreciation of immune cells resident within the tissue microenvironment and the intercommunication between nonhematopoietic cells and immune cells. However, the extracellular matrix (ECM), which comprises at least a third of tissue structures, remains relatively underexplored in immunology. Similarly, matrix biologists often overlook regulation of complex structural matrices by the immune system. We are only beginning to understand the scale at which ECM structures determine immune cell localization and function. Additionally, we need to better understand how immune cells dictate ECM complexity. This review aims to highlight the potential for biological discovery at the interface of immunology and matrix biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara E Sutherland
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Center, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Dentistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Douglas P Dyer
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Center, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Group, University of Manchester, Salford M6 8HD, UK
| | - Judith E Allen
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Center, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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8
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Puleri DF, Randles A. The role of adhesive receptor patterns on cell transport in complex microvessels. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2022; 21:1079-1098. [PMID: 35507242 PMCID: PMC10777541 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-022-01575-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell transport is governed by the interaction of fluid dynamic forces and biochemical factors such as adhesion receptor expression and concentration. Although the effect of endothelial receptor density is well understood, it is not clear how the spacing and local spatial distribution of receptors affect cell adhesion in three-dimensional microvessels. To elucidate the effect of vessel shape on cell trajectory and the arrangement of endothelial receptors on cell adhesion, we employed a three-dimensional deformable cell model that incorporates microscale interactions between the cell and the endothelium. Computational cellular adhesion models are systematically altered to assess the influence of receptor spacing. We demonstrate that the patterns of receptors on the vessel walls are a key factor guiding cell movement. In straight microvessels, we show a relationship between cell velocity and the spatial distribution of adhesive endothelial receptors, with larger receptor patches producing lower translational velocities. The joint effect of the complex vessel topology seen in microvessel shapes such as curved and bifurcated vessels when compared to straight tubes is explored with results which showed the spatial distribution of receptors affecting cell trajectory. Our findings here represent demonstration of the previously undescribed relationship between receptor pattern and geometry that guides cellular movement in complex microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Puleri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Amanda Randles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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9
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Barkaway A, Attwell D, Korte N. Immune-vascular mural cell interactions: consequences for immune cell trafficking, cerebral blood flow, and the blood-brain barrier. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:031914. [PMID: 35581998 PMCID: PMC9107322 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.3.031914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Brain barriers are crucial sites for cerebral energy supply, waste removal, immune cell migration, and solute exchange, all of which maintain an appropriate environment for neuronal activity. At the capillary level, where the largest area of brain-vascular interface occurs, pericytes adjust cerebral blood flow (CBF) by regulating capillary diameter and maintain the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by suppressing endothelial cell (EC) transcytosis and inducing tight junction expression between ECs. Pericytes also limit the infiltration of circulating leukocytes into the brain where resident microglia confine brain injury and provide the first line of defence against invading pathogens. Brain "waste" is cleared across the BBB into the blood, phagocytosed by microglia and astrocytes, or removed by the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through perivascular routes-a process driven by respiratory motion and the pulsation of the heart, arteriolar smooth muscle, and possibly pericytes. "Dirty" CSF exits the brain and is probably drained around olfactory nerve rootlets and via the dural meningeal lymphatic vessels and possibly the skull bone marrow. The brain is widely regarded as an immune-privileged organ because it is accessible to few antigen-primed leukocytes. Leukocytes enter the brain via the meninges, the BBB, and the blood-CSF barrier. Advances in genetic and imaging tools have revealed that neurological diseases significantly alter immune-brain barrier interactions in at least three ways: (1) the brain's immune-privileged status is compromised when pericytes are lost or lymphatic vessels are dysregulated; (2) immune cells release vasoactive molecules to regulate CBF, modulate arteriole stiffness, and can plug and eliminate capillaries which impairs CBF and possibly waste clearance; and (3) immune-vascular interactions can make the BBB leaky via multiple mechanisms, thus aggravating the influx of undesirable substances and cells. Here, we review developments in these three areas and briefly discuss potential therapeutic avenues for restoring brain barrier functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barkaway
- University College London, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Attwell
- University College London, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nils Korte
- University College London, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, London, United Kingdom
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10
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The interface between biochemical signaling and cell mechanics shapes T lymphocyte migration and activation. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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11
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Gray AL, Pun N, Ridley AJL, Dyer DP. Role of extracellular matrix proteoglycans in immune cell recruitment. Int J Exp Pathol 2022; 103:34-43. [PMID: 35076142 PMCID: PMC8961502 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucocyte recruitment is a critical component of the immune response and is central to our ability to fight infection. Paradoxically, leucocyte recruitment is also a central component of inflammatory-based diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis and cancer. The role of the extracellular matrix, in particular proteoglycans, in this process has been largely overlooked. Proteoglycans consist of protein cores with glycosaminoglycan sugar side chains attached. Proteoglycans have been shown to bind and regulate the function of a number of proteins, for example chemokines, and also play a key structural role in the local tissue environment/niche. Whilst they have been implicated in leucocyte recruitment and inflammatory disease, their mechanistic function has yet to be fully understood, precluding therapeutic targeting. This review summarizes what is currently known about the role of proteoglycans in the different stages of leucocyte recruitment and proposes a number of areas where more research is needed. A better understanding of the mechanistic role of proteoglycans during inflammatory disease will inform the development of next-generation therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Gray
- Wellcome Centre for Cell‐Matrix ResearchFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthManchester Academic Health Science CentreLydia Becker Institute of Immunology and InflammationUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research CentreNorthern Care Alliance NHS GroupManchester Academic Health Science CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Nabina Pun
- Wellcome Centre for Cell‐Matrix ResearchFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthManchester Academic Health Science CentreLydia Becker Institute of Immunology and InflammationUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Amanda J. L. Ridley
- Wellcome Centre for Cell‐Matrix ResearchFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthManchester Academic Health Science CentreLydia Becker Institute of Immunology and InflammationUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Douglas P. Dyer
- Wellcome Centre for Cell‐Matrix ResearchFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthManchester Academic Health Science CentreLydia Becker Institute of Immunology and InflammationUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research CentreNorthern Care Alliance NHS GroupManchester Academic Health Science CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
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12
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Kraus RF, Gruber MA. Neutrophils-From Bone Marrow to First-Line Defense of the Innate Immune System. Front Immunol 2022; 12:767175. [PMID: 35003081 PMCID: PMC8732951 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.767175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear cells; PMNs) form a first line of defense against pathogens and are therefore an important component of the innate immune response. As a result of poorly controlled activation, however, PMNs can also mediate tissue damage in numerous diseases, often by increasing tissue inflammation and injury. According to current knowledge, PMNs are not only part of the pathogenesis of infectious and autoimmune diseases but also of conditions with disturbed tissue homeostasis such as trauma and shock. Scientific advances in the past two decades have changed the role of neutrophils from that of solely immune defense cells to cells that are responsible for the general integrity of the body, even in the absence of pathogens. To better understand PMN function in the human organism, our review outlines the role of PMNs within the innate immune system. This review provides an overview of the migration of PMNs from the vascular compartment to the target tissue as well as their chemotactic processes and illuminates crucial neutrophil immune properties at the site of the lesion. The review is focused on the formation of chemotactic gradients in interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the influence of the ECM on PMN function. In addition, our review summarizes current knowledge about the phenomenon of bidirectional and reverse PMN migration, neutrophil microtubules, and the microtubule organizing center in PMN migration. As a conclusive feature, we review and discuss new findings about neutrophil behavior in cancer environment and tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Felix Kraus
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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13
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Hu Z, Bie L, Gao J, Wang X. Insights into Selectin Inhibitor Design from Endogenous Isomeric Ligands of SLe a and SLe x. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:6085-6093. [PMID: 34905361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c01356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Selectins interact with cell-surface glycans to promote the initial tethering and rolling of leukocytes, and these interactions are targets for designs of inhibitors to neutralize diseases related to excessive inflammatory responses in many cardiovascular and immune dysfunctions, as well as tumor markers in different cancers. The isomeric endogenous tetrasaccharides, sialyl Lewis X (sLex) and sialyl Lewis A (sLea), are minimal sugar structures required for selectin binding. Understanding their subtle structural variances and significant advanced binding strengths of sLea over sLex could benefit the rational designs for selectin inhibitors. Modeling based on the E-selectin-sLex crystal structure in the present study demonstrated that the N-acetyl group of GlcNAc in sLex could form steric hindrances in the E-selectin-sLex complex, but the hydroxy methylene group of GlcNAc in sLea at the same position allows for stronger binding interactions. The subsequent designed inhibitor with a synthetic accessible linker molecule that has no exo-cyclic moieties replacing GlcNAc displayed comparable dynamic and energetic binding features to sLea. The present study deciphered the clues from endogenous isomeric sLea and sLex and provided insights into designing selectin inhibitors with simplified synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Hu
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Lihua Bie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xiaocong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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Allen CL, Wolanska K, Malhi NK, Benest AV, Wood ME, Amoaku W, Torregrossa R, Whiteman M, Bates DO, Whatmore JL. Hydrogen Sulfide Is a Novel Protector of the Retinal Glycocalyx and Endothelial Permeability Barrier. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:724905. [PMID: 34557493 PMCID: PMC8452977 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.724905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Significantly reduced levels of the anti-inflammatory gaseous transmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are observed in diabetic patients and correlate with microvascular dysfunction. H2S may protect the microvasculature by preventing loss of the endothelial glycocalyx. We tested the hypothesis that H2S could prevent or treat retinal microvascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. Bovine retinal endothelial cells (BRECs) were exposed to normal (NG, 5.5 mmol/L) or high glucose (HG, 25 mmol/L) ± the slow-release H2S donor NaGYY4137 in vitro. Glycocalyx coverage (stained with WGA-FITC) and calcein-labeled monocyte adherence were measured. In vivo, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) was performed in normal and streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetic rats. Animals received intraocular injection of NaGYY4137 (1 μM) or the mitochondrial-targeted H2S donor AP39 (100 nM) simultaneously with STZ (prevention) or on day 6 after STZ (treatment), and the ratio of interstitial to vascular fluorescence was used to estimate apparent permeability. NaGYY4137 prevented HG-induced loss of BREC glycocalyx, increased monocyte binding to BRECs (p ≤ 0.001), and increased overall glycocalyx coverage (p ≤ 0.001). In rats, the STZ-induced increase in apparent retinal vascular permeability (p ≤ 0.01) was significantly prevented by pre-treatment with NaGYY4137 and AP39 (p < 0.05) and stabilized by their post-STZ administration. NaGYY4137 also reduced the number of acellular capillaries (collagen IV + /IB4-) in the diabetic retina in both groups (p ≤ 0.05). We conclude that NaGYY4137 and AP39 protected the retinal glycocalyx and endothelial permeability barrier from diabetes-associated loss of integrity and reduced the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Hydrogen sulfide donors that target the glycocalyx may therefore be a therapeutic candidate for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Allen
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna Wolanska
- The Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Naseeb K Malhi
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew V Benest
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mark E Wood
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Winfried Amoaku
- Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Roberta Torregrossa
- The Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Whiteman
- The Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - David O Bates
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline L Whatmore
- The Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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15
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Binding kinetics of liposome conjugated E-selectin and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 measured with atomic force microscopy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 207:112002. [PMID: 34343911 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Various ligand-functionalized liposomes have been developed for targeted therapies. Typically, the binding properties of the ligands and targeted proteins are measured with surface plasmon resonance (SPR), where the proteins are immobilized on a rigid surface. However, the difference of protein-ligand binding kinetics between liposome-conjugated protein and rigid surface-conjugated protein is not fully understood. In this work, the binding kinetics of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) and E-selectin conjugated on liposome and on rigid surfaces are investigated with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The results suggest that protein orientation and diffusion on liposomal membrane can alter the binding kinetics of the protein-ligand interaction. Specifically, the association and dissociation rate constant of AFM probe-conjugated E-selectin and glass-conjugated PSGL-1 are measured as 9.32 × 104 M-1s-1 and 1.54 s-1, respectively. While for the liposome-conjugated E-selectin and glass-conjugated PSGL-1, the kinetic constants are measured as 5.00 × 107 M-1s-1 and 2.76 s-1, respectively. Thus, there is an order's magnitude increase of binding affinity (from kd = 16.51 μM to kd = 0.06 μM) when protein is attached to liposome compared to attached to a rigid surface. The results might provide better understanding and pave the way for the future design of the ligand-targeted liposomes.
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16
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Biomechanics of Neutrophil Tethers. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060515. [PMID: 34073130 PMCID: PMC8230032 DOI: 10.3390/life11060515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocytes, including neutrophils, propelled by blood flow, can roll on inflamed endothelium using transient bonds between selectins and their ligands, and integrins and their ligands. When such receptor–ligand bonds last long enough, the leukocyte microvilli become extended and eventually form thin, 20 µm long tethers. Tether formation can be observed in blood vessels in vivo and in microfluidic flow chambers. Tethers can also be extracted using micropipette aspiration, biomembrane force probe, optical trap, or atomic force microscopy approaches. Here, we review the biomechanical properties of leukocyte tethers as gleaned from such measurements and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. We also review and discuss viscoelastic models that describe the dependence of tether formation on time, force, rate of loading, and cell activation. We close by emphasizing the need to combine experimental observations with quantitative models and computer simulations to understand how tether formation is affected by membrane tension, membrane reservoir, and interactions of the membrane with the cytoskeleton.
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Morikis VA, Hernandez AA, Magnani JL, Sperandio M, Simon SI. Targeting Neutrophil Adhesive Events to Address Vaso-Occlusive Crisis in Sickle Cell Patients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:663886. [PMID: 33995392 PMCID: PMC8113856 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.663886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are essential to protect the host against invading pathogens but can promote disease progression in sickle cell disease (SCD) by becoming adherent to inflamed microvascular networks in peripheral tissue throughout the body. During the inflammatory response, leukocytes extravasate from the bloodstream using selectin adhesion molecules and migrate to sites of tissue insult through activation of integrins that are essential for combating pathogens. However, during vaso-occlusion associated with SCD, neutrophils are activated during tethering and rolling on selectins upregulated on activated endothelium that line blood vessels. Recently, we reported that recognition of sLex on L-selectin by E-selectin during neutrophil rolling initiates shear force resistant catch-bonds that facilitate tethering to endothelium and activation of integrin bond clusters that anchor cells to the vessel wall. Evidence indicates that blocking this important signaling cascade prevents the congestion and ischemia in microvasculature that occurs from neutrophil capture of sickled red blood cells, which are normally deformable ellipses that flow easily through small blood vessels. Two recently completed clinical trials of therapies targeting selectins and their effect on neutrophil activation in small blood vessels reveal the importance of mechanoregulation that in health is an immune adaption facilitating rapid and proportional leukocyte adhesion, while sustaining tissue perfusion. We provide a timely perspective on the mechanism underlying vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) with a focus on new drugs that target selectin mediated integrin adhesive bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios A. Morikis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Alfredo A. Hernandez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Markus Sperandio
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine Biomedical Center, Ludwig Maximilians University, Walter Brendel Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Scott I. Simon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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18
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Gunasinghe SD, Peres NG, Goyette J, Gaus K. Biomechanics of T Cell Dysfunctions in Chronic Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:600829. [PMID: 33717081 PMCID: PMC7948521 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.600829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms behind T cell dysfunctions during chronic diseases is critical in developing effective immunotherapies. As demonstrated by several animal models and human studies, T cell dysfunctions are induced during chronic diseases, spanning from infections to cancer. Although factors governing the onset and the extent of the functional impairment of T cells can differ during infections and cancer, most dysfunctional phenotypes share common phenotypic traits in their immune receptor and biophysical landscape. Through the latest developments in biophysical techniques applied to explore cell membrane and receptor-ligand dynamics, we are able to dissect and gain further insights into the driving mechanisms behind T cell dysfunctions. These insights may prove useful in developing immunotherapies aimed at reinvigorating our immune system to fight off infections and malignancies more effectively. The recent success with checkpoint inhibitors in treating cancer opens new avenues to develop more effective, targeted immunotherapies. Here, we highlight the studies focused on the transformation of the biophysical landscape during infections and cancer, and how T cell biomechanics shaped the immunopathology associated with chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachith D Gunasinghe
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Newton G Peres
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jesse Goyette
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Demirörs AF, Stauffer A, Lauener C, Cossu J, Ramakrishna SN, de Graaf J, Alcantara CCJ, Pané S, Spencer N, Studart AR. Magnetic propulsion of colloidal microrollers controlled by electrically modulated friction. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:1037-1047. [PMID: 33289746 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01449d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Precise control over the motion of magnetically responsive particles in fluidic chambers is important for probing and manipulating tasks in prospective microrobotic and bio-analytical platforms. We have previously exploited such colloids as shuttles for the microscale manipulation of objects. Here, we study the rolling motion of magnetically driven Janus colloids on solid substrates under the influence of an orthogonal external electric field. Electrically induced attractive interactions were used to tune the load on the Janus colloid and thereby the friction with the underlying substrate, leading to control over the forward velocity of the particle. Our experimental data suggest that the frictional coupling required to achieve translation, transitions from a hydrodynamic regime to one of mixed contact coupling with increasing load force. Based on this insight, we show that our colloidal microrobots can probe the local friction coefficient of various solid surfaces, which makes them potentially useful as tribological microsensors. Lastly, we precisely manipulate porous cargos using our colloidal rollers, a feat that holds promise for bio-analytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet F Demirörs
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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20
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Subramanian BC, Melis N, Chen D, Wang W, Gallardo D, Weigert R, Parent CA. The LTB4-BLT1 axis regulates actomyosin and β2-integrin dynamics during neutrophil extravasation. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e201910215. [PMID: 32854115 PMCID: PMC7659729 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201910215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The eicosanoid leukotriene B4 (LTB4) relays chemotactic signals to direct neutrophil migration to inflamed sites through its receptor BLT1. However, the mechanisms by which the LTB4-BLT1 axis relays chemotactic signals during intravascular neutrophil response to inflammation remain unclear. Here, we report that LTB4 produced by neutrophils acts as an autocrine/paracrine signal to direct the vascular recruitment, arrest, and extravasation of neutrophils in a sterile inflammation model in the mouse footpad. Using intravital subcellular microscopy, we reveal that LTB4 elicits sustained cell polarization and adhesion responses during neutrophil arrest in vivo. Specifically, LTB4 signaling coordinates the dynamic redistribution of non-muscle myosin IIA and β2-integrin, which facilitate neutrophil arrest and extravasation. Notably, we also found that neutrophils shed extracellular vesicles in the vascular lumen and that inhibition of extracellular vesicle release blocks LTB4-mediated autocrine/paracrine signaling required for neutrophil arrest and extravasation. Overall, we uncover a novel complementary mechanism by which LTB4 relays extravasation signals in neutrophils during early inflammation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagawat C. Subramanian
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nicolas Melis
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Desu Chen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Weiye Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Devorah Gallardo
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Roberto Weigert
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Carole A. Parent
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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21
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Pradhan S, Banda OA, Farino CJ, Sperduto JL, Keller KA, Taitano R, Slater JH. Biofabrication Strategies and Engineered In Vitro Systems for Vascular Mechanobiology. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901255. [PMID: 32100473 PMCID: PMC8579513 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The vascular system is integral for maintaining organ-specific functions and homeostasis. Dysregulation in vascular architecture and function can lead to various chronic or acute disorders. Investigation of the role of the vascular system in health and disease has been accelerated through the development of tissue-engineered constructs and microphysiological on-chip platforms. These in vitro systems permit studies of biochemical regulation of vascular networks and parenchymal tissue and provide mechanistic insights into the biophysical and hemodynamic forces acting in organ-specific niches. Detailed understanding of these forces and the mechanotransductory pathways involved is necessary to develop preventative and therapeutic strategies targeting the vascular system. This review describes vascular structure and function, the role of hemodynamic forces in maintaining vascular homeostasis, and measurement approaches for cell and tissue level mechanical properties influencing vascular phenomena. State-of-the-art techniques for fabricating in vitro microvascular systems, with varying degrees of biological and engineering complexity, are summarized. Finally, the role of vascular mechanobiology in organ-specific niches and pathophysiological states, and efforts to recapitulate these events using in vitro microphysiological systems, are explored. It is hoped that this review will help readers appreciate the important, but understudied, role of vascular-parenchymal mechanotransduction in health and disease toward developing mechanotherapeutics for treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Pradhan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Omar A. Banda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Cindy J. Farino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - John L. Sperduto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Keely A. Keller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Ryan Taitano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - John H. Slater
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19711, USA
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22
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Dabagh M, Gounley J, Randles A. Localization of Rolling and Firm-Adhesive Interactions Between Circulating Tumor Cells and the Microvasculature Wall. Cell Mol Bioeng 2020; 13:141-154. [PMID: 32175027 PMCID: PMC7048902 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-020-00610-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The adhesion of tumor cells to vessel wall is a critical stage in cancer metastasis. Firm adhesion of cancer cells is usually followed by their extravasation through the endothelium. Despite previous studies identifying the influential parameters in the adhesive behavior of the cancer cell to a planer substrate, less is known about the interactions between the cancer cell and microvasculature wall and whether these interactions exhibit organ specificity. The objective of our study is to characterize sizes of microvasculature where a deformable circulating cell (DCC) would firmly adhere or roll over the wall, as well as to identify parameters that facilitate such firm adherence and underlying mechanisms driving adhesive interactions. METHODS A three-dimensional model of DCCs is applied to simulate the fluid-structure interaction between the DCC and surrounding fluid. A dynamic adhesion model, where an adhesion molecule is modeled as a spring, is employed to represent the stochastic receptor-ligand interactions using kinetic rate expressions. RESULTS Our results reveal that both the cell deformability and low shear rate of flow promote the firm adhesion of DCC in small vessels ( < 10 μ m ). Our findings suggest that ligand-receptor bonds of PSGL-1-P-selectin may lead to firm adherence of DCC in smaller vessels and rolling-adhesion of DCC in larger ones where cell velocity drops to facilitate the activation of integrin-ICAM-1 bonds. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a framework to predict accurately where different DCC-types are likely to adhere firmly in microvasculature and to establish the criteria predisposing cancer cells to such firm adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Dabagh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - John Gounley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Amanda Randles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
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23
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Vats R, Brzoska T, Bennewitz MF, Jimenez MA, Pradhan-Sundd T, Tutuncuoglu E, Jonassaint J, Gutierrez E, Watkins SC, Shiva S, Scott MJ, Morelli AE, Neal MD, Kato GJ, Gladwin MT, Sundd P. Platelet Extracellular Vesicles Drive Inflammasome-IL-1β-Dependent Lung Injury in Sickle Cell Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201:33-46. [PMID: 31498653 PMCID: PMC6938158 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201807-1370oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Intraerythrocytic polymerization of Hb S promotes hemolysis and vasoocclusive events in the microvasculature of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Although platelet-neutrophil aggregate-dependent vasoocclusion is known to occur in the lung and contribute to acute chest syndrome, the etiological mechanisms that trigger acute chest syndrome are largely unknown.Objectives: To identify the innate immune mechanism that promotes platelet-neutrophil aggregate-dependent lung vasoocclusion and injury in SCD.Methods:In vivo imaging of the lung in transgenic humanized SCD mice and in vitro imaging of SCD patient blood flowing through a microfluidic system was performed. SCD mice were systemically challenged with nanogram quantities of LPS to trigger lung vasoocclusion.Measurements and Main Results: Platelet-inflammasome activation led to generation of IL-1β and caspase-1-carrying platelet extracellular vesicles (EVs) that bind to neutrophils and promote platelet-neutrophil aggregation in lung arterioles of SCD mice in vivo and SCD human blood in microfluidics in vitro. The inflammasome activation, platelet EV generation, and platelet-neutrophil aggregation were enhanced by the presence of LPS at a nanogram dose in SCD but not control human blood. Inhibition of the inflammasome effector caspase-1 or IL-1β pathway attenuated platelet EV generation, prevented platelet-neutrophil aggregation, and restored microvascular blood flow in lung arterioles of SCD mice in vivo and SCD human blood in microfluidics in vitro.Conclusions: These results are the first to identify that platelet-inflammasome-dependent shedding of IL-1β and caspase-1-carrying platelet EVs promote lung vasoocclusion in SCD. The current findings also highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting the platelet-inflammasome-dependent innate immune pathway to prevent acute chest syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Vats
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tomasz Brzoska
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute
| | - Margaret F. Bennewitz
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia; and
| | - Maritza A. Jimenez
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Jude Jonassaint
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute
- Division of Hematology and Oncology
| | - Edgar Gutierrez
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute
| | | | | | | | - Gregory J. Kato
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute
- Division of Hematology and Oncology
| | - Mark T. Gladwin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Prithu Sundd
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Arokiasamy S, King R, Boulaghrasse H, Poston RN, Nourshargh S, Wang W, Voisin MB. Heparanase-Dependent Remodeling of Initial Lymphatic Glycocalyx Regulates Tissue-Fluid Drainage During Acute Inflammation in vivo. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2316. [PMID: 31636638 PMCID: PMC6787176 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycocalyx is a dense layer of carbohydrate chains involved in numerous and fundamental biological processes, such as cellular and tissue homeostasis, inflammation and disease development. Composed of membrane-bound glycoproteins, sulfated proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycan side-chains, this structure is particularly essential for blood vascular barrier functions and leukocyte diapedesis. Interestingly, whilst the glycocalyx of blood vascular endothelium has been extensively studied, little is known about the composition and function of this glycan layer present on tissue-associated lymphatic vessels (LVs). Here, we applied confocal microscopy to characterize the composition of endothelial glycocalyx of initial lymphatic capillaries in murine cremaster muscles during homeostatic and inflamed conditions using an anti-heparan sulfate (HS) antibody and a panel of lectins recognizing different glycan moieties of the glycocalyx. Our data show the presence of HS, α-D-galactosyl moieties, α2,3-linked sialic acids and, to a lesser extent, N-Acetylglucosamine moieties. A similar expression profile was also observed for LVs of mouse and human skins. Interestingly, inflammation of mouse cremaster tissues or ear skin as induced by TNF-stimulation induced a rapid (within 16 h) remodeling of the LV glycocalyx, as observed by reduced expression of HS and galactosyl moieties, whilst levels of α2,3-linked sialic acids remains unchanged. Furthermore, whilst this response was associated with neutrophil recruitment from the blood circulation and their migration into tissue-associated LVs, specific neutrophil depletion did not impact LV glycocalyx remodeling. Mechanistically, treatment with a non-anticoagulant heparanase inhibitor suppressed LV HS degradation without impacting neutrophil migration into LVs. Interestingly however, inhibition of glycocalyx degradation reduced the capacity of initial LVs to drain interstitial fluid during acute inflammation. Collectively, our data suggest that rapid remodeling of endothelial glycocalyx of tissue-associated LVs supports drainage of fluid and macromolecules but has no role in regulating neutrophil trafficking out of inflamed tissues via initial LVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Arokiasamy
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ross King
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hidayah Boulaghrasse
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin N. Poston
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sussan Nourshargh
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mathieu-Benoit Voisin
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Yang Y, Fathi P, Holland G, Pan D, Wang NS, Esch MB. Pumpless microfluidic devices for generating healthy and diseased endothelia. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3212-3219. [PMID: 31455960 PMCID: PMC8043800 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00446g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a pumpless cell culture chip that can recirculate small amounts of cell culture medium (400 μL) in a unidirectional flow pattern. When operated with the accompanying custom rotating platform, the device produces an average wall shear stress of up to 0.588 Pa ± 0.006 Pa without the use of a pump. It can be used to culture cells that are sensitive to the direction of flow-induced mechanical shear such as human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a format that allows for large-scale parallel screening of drugs. Using the device we demonstrate that HUVECs produce pro-inflammatory indicators (interleukin 6, interleukin 8) under both unidirectional and bidirectional flow conditions, but that the secretion was significantly lower under unidirectional flow. Our results show that pumpless devices can simulate the endothelium under healthy and activated conditions. The developed devices can be integrated with pumpless tissues-on-chips, allowing for the addition of barrier tissues such as endothelial linings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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Manchanda K, Kolarova H, Kerkenpaß C, Mollenhauer M, Vitecek J, Rudolph V, Kubala L, Baldus S, Adam M, Klinke A. MPO (Myeloperoxidase) Reduces Endothelial Glycocalyx Thickness Dependent on Its Cationic Charge. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:1859-1867. [PMID: 29903730 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective- The leukocyte heme-enzyme MPO (myeloperoxidase) exerts proinflammatory effects on the vascular system primarily linked to its catalytic properties. Recent studies have shown that MPO, depending on its cationic charge, mediates neutrophil recruitment and activation. Here, we further investigated MPO's extracatalytic properties and its effect on endothelial glycocalyx (EG) integrity. Approach and Results- In vivo staining of murine cremaster muscle vessels with Alcian Blue 8GX provided evidence of an MPO-dependent decrease in anionic charge of the EG. MPO binding to the glycocalyx was further characterized using Chinese hamster ovary cells and its glycosaminoglycan mutants-pgsA-745 (mutant Chinese hamster ovary cells lacking heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan) and pgsD-677 (mutant Chinese hamster ovary cells lacking heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan), which revealed heparan sulfate as the main mediator of MPO binding. Further, EG integrity was assessed in terms of thickness using intravital microscopy of murine cremaster muscle. A significant reduction in EG thickness was observed on infusion of catalytically active MPO, as well as mutant inactive MPO and cationic polymer polylysine. Similar effects were also observed in wild-type mice after a local inflammatory stimulus but not in MPO-knockout mice. The reduction in EG thickness was reversed after removal of vessel-bound MPO, suggesting a possible physical collapse of the EG. Last, experiments with in vivo neutrophil depletion revealed that MPO also induced neutrophil-mediated shedding of the EG core protein, Sdc1 (syndecan-1). Conclusions- These findings provide evidence that MPO, via ionic interaction with heparan sulfate side chains, can cause neutrophil-dependent Sdc1 shedding and collapse of the EG structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashish Manchanda
- From the Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, University of Cologne, Germany (K.M., C.K., M.M., V.R., S.B., M.A., A.K.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany (K.M., C.K., M.M., V.R., S.B., M.A., A.K.)
- Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Cologne, Germany (K.M., S.B., A.K.)
| | - Hana Kolarova
- Institute of Biophysics AS CR, Brno, Czech Republic (H.K., J.V., L.K.)
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic (H.K., J.V., L.K., A.K.)
| | - Christina Kerkenpaß
- From the Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, University of Cologne, Germany (K.M., C.K., M.M., V.R., S.B., M.A., A.K.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany (K.M., C.K., M.M., V.R., S.B., M.A., A.K.)
| | - Martin Mollenhauer
- From the Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, University of Cologne, Germany (K.M., C.K., M.M., V.R., S.B., M.A., A.K.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany (K.M., C.K., M.M., V.R., S.B., M.A., A.K.)
| | - Jan Vitecek
- Institute of Biophysics AS CR, Brno, Czech Republic (H.K., J.V., L.K.)
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic (H.K., J.V., L.K., A.K.)
| | - Volker Rudolph
- From the Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, University of Cologne, Germany (K.M., C.K., M.M., V.R., S.B., M.A., A.K.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany (K.M., C.K., M.M., V.R., S.B., M.A., A.K.)
| | - Lukas Kubala
- Institute of Biophysics AS CR, Brno, Czech Republic (H.K., J.V., L.K.)
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic (H.K., J.V., L.K., A.K.)
| | - Stephan Baldus
- From the Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, University of Cologne, Germany (K.M., C.K., M.M., V.R., S.B., M.A., A.K.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany (K.M., C.K., M.M., V.R., S.B., M.A., A.K.)
- Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Cologne, Germany (K.M., S.B., A.K.)
| | - Matti Adam
- From the Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, University of Cologne, Germany (K.M., C.K., M.M., V.R., S.B., M.A., A.K.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany (K.M., C.K., M.M., V.R., S.B., M.A., A.K.)
| | - Anna Klinke
- From the Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, University of Cologne, Germany (K.M., C.K., M.M., V.R., S.B., M.A., A.K.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany (K.M., C.K., M.M., V.R., S.B., M.A., A.K.)
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic (H.K., J.V., L.K., A.K.)
- Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Cologne, Germany (K.M., S.B., A.K.)
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Moss ME, Lu Q, Iyer SL, Engelbertsen D, Marzolla V, Caprio M, Lichtman AH, Jaffe IZ. Endothelial Mineralocorticoid Receptors Contribute to Vascular Inflammation in Atherosclerosis in a Sex-Specific Manner. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1588-1601. [PMID: 31294624 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MR (mineralocorticoid receptor) activation is associated with cardiovascular ischemia in humans. This study explores the role of the MR in atherosclerotic mice of both sexes and identifies a sex-specific role for endothelial cell (EC)-MR in vascular inflammation. Approach and Results: In the AAV-PCSK9 (adeno-associated virus-proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) mouse atherosclerosis model, MR inhibition attenuated vascular inflammation in males but not females. Further studies comparing male and female littermates with intact MR or EC-MR deletion revealed that although EC-MR deletion did not affect plaque size in either sex, it reduced aortic arch inflammation specifically in male mice as measured by flow cytometry. Moreover, MR-intact females had larger plaques but were protected from vascular inflammation compared with males. Intravital microscopy of the mesenteric vasculature demonstrated that EC-MR deletion attenuated TNFα (tumor necrosis factor α)-induced leukocyte slow rolling and adhesion in males, while females exhibited fewer leukocyte-endothelial interactions with no additional effect of EC-MR deletion. These effects corresponded with decreased TNFα-induced expression of the endothelial adhesion molecules ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) and E-selectin in males with EC-MR deletion compared with MR-intact males and females of both genotypes. These observations were also consistent with MR and estrogen regulation of ICAM-1 transcription and E-selectin expression in primary cultured mouse ECs and human umbilical vein ECs. CONCLUSIONS In male mice, EC-MR deletion attenuates leukocyte-endothelial interactions, plaque inflammation, and expression of E-selectin and ICAM-1, providing a potential mechanism by which the MR promotes vascular inflammation. In females, plaque inflammation and leukocyte-endothelial interactions are decreased relative to males and EC-MR deletion is not protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elizabeth Moss
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.E.M., Q.L., S.L.I., I.Z.J.)
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (M.E.M., I.Z.J.)
| | - Qing Lu
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.E.M., Q.L., S.L.I., I.Z.J.)
| | - Surabhi L Iyer
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.E.M., Q.L., S.L.I., I.Z.J.)
| | - Daniel Engelbertsen
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (D.E., A.H.L.)
| | - Vincenzo Marzolla
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy (V.M., M.C.)
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy (V.M., M.C.)
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy (M.C.)
| | - Andrew H Lichtman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (D.E., A.H.L.)
| | - Iris Z Jaffe
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.E.M., Q.L., S.L.I., I.Z.J.)
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (M.E.M., I.Z.J.)
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The endothelial mineralocorticoid receptor: Contributions to sex differences in cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 203:107387. [PMID: 31271793 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death for both men and women. The observation that premenopausal women are protected from cardiovascular disease relative to age-matched men, and that this protection is lost with menopause, has led to extensive study of the role of sex steroid hormones in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. However, the molecular basis for sex differences in cardiovascular disease is still not fully understood, limiting the ability to tailor therapies to male and female patients. Therefore, there is a growing need to investigate molecular pathways outside of traditional sex hormone signaling to fully understand sex differences in cardiovascular disease. Emerging evidence points to the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), a steroid hormone receptor activated by the adrenal hormone aldosterone, as one such mediator of cardiovascular disease risk, potentially serving as a sex-dependent link between cardiovascular risk factors and disease. Enhanced activation of the MR by aldosterone is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Emerging evidence implicates the MR specifically within the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels in mediating some of the sex differences observed in cardiovascular pathology. This review summarizes the available clinical and preclinical literature concerning the role of the MR in the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure, with a special emphasis on sex differences in the role of endothelial-specific MR in these pathologies. The available data regarding the molecular mechanisms by which endothelial-specific MR may contribute to sex differences in cardiovascular disease is also summarized. A paradigm emerges from synthesis of the literature in which endothelial-specific MR regulates vascular function in a sex-dependent manner in response to cardiovascular risk factors to contribute to disease. Limitations in this field include the relative paucity of women in clinical trials and, until recently, the nearly exclusive use of male animals in preclinical investigations. Enhanced understanding of the sex-specific roles of endothelial MR could lead to novel mechanistic insights underlying sex differences in cardiovascular disease incidence and outcomes and could identify additional therapeutic targets to effectively treat cardiovascular disease in men and women.
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29
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Rolling adhesion of leukocytes on soft substrates: Does substrate stiffness matter? J Biomech 2019; 91:32-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Abstract
Neutrophils have always been considered as uncomplicated front-line troopers of the innate immune system equipped with limited proinflammatory duties. Yet recently, the role of the neutrophil has been undergoing a rejuvenation of sorts. Neutrophils are now considered complex cells capable of a significant array of specialized functions, and as an effector of the innate immune response, they are able to regulate many processes such as acute injury and repair, cancer, autoimmunity, and chronic inflammatory processes. Furthermore, evidence exists to indicate that neutrophils also contribute to adaptive immunity by aiding the development of specific adaptive immune responses or guiding the subsequent adaptive immune response. With this revived interest in neutrophils and their many novel functions, it is prudent to review what is currently known about neutrophils and, even more importantly, understand what information is lacking. We discuss the essential features of the neutrophil, from its origins, lifespan, subsets, margination and sequestration of the neutrophil to the death of the neutrophil. We highlight neutrophil recruitment to both infected and injured tissues and outline differences in recruitment of neutrophils between different tissues. Finally, we examine how neutrophils use different mechanisms to either bolster protective immune responses or negatively cause pathological outcomes at different locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xiong Liew
- Snyder Institute of Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul Kubes
- Snyder Institute of Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Ley K, Hoffman HM, Kubes P, Cassatella MA, Zychlinsky A, Hedrick CC, Catz SD. Neutrophils: New insights and open questions. Sci Immunol 2018; 3:eaat4579. [PMID: 30530726 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aat4579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first line of defense against bacteria and fungi and help combat parasites and viruses. They are necessary for mammalian life, and their failure to recover after myeloablation is fatal. Neutrophils are short-lived, effective killing machines. Their life span is significantly extended under infectious and inflammatory conditions. Neutrophils take their cues directly from the infectious organism, from tissue macrophages and other elements of the immune system. Here, we review how neutrophils traffic to sites of infection or tissue injury, how they trap and kill bacteria, how they shape innate and adaptive immune responses, and the pathophysiology of monogenic neutrophil disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Ley
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego,9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hal M Hoffman
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Paul Kubes
- Immunology Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marco A Cassatella
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 4, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Arturo Zychlinsky
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Catherine C Hedrick
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego,9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sergio D Catz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Morikis VA, Simon SI. Neutrophil Mechanosignaling Promotes Integrin Engagement With Endothelial Cells and Motility Within Inflamed Vessels. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2774. [PMID: 30546362 PMCID: PMC6279920 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most motile of mammalian cells, a feature that enables them to protect the host against the rapid spread of pathogens from tissue into the circulatory system. A critical process is the recruitment of neutrophils to inflamed endothelium within post-capillary venules. This occurs through cooperation between at least four families of adhesion molecules and G-protein coupled signaling receptors. These adhesion molecules convert the drag force induced by blood flow acting on the cell surface into bond tension that resists detachment. A common feature of selectin-glycoprotein tethering and integrin-ICAM bond formation is the mechanics by which force acting on these specific receptor-ligand pairs influences their longevity, strength, and topographic organization on the plasma membrane. Another distinctly mechanical aspect of neutrophil guidance is the capacity of adhesive bonds to convert external mechanical force into internal biochemical signals through the transmission of force from the outside-in at focal sites of adhesive traction on inflamed endothelium. Within this region of the plasma membrane, we denote the inflammatory synapse, Ca2+ release, and intracellular signaling provide directional cues that guide actin assembly and myosin driven motive force. This review provides an overview of how bond formation and outside-in signaling controls neutrophil recruitment and migration relative to the hydrodynamic shear force of blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios A Morikis
- Simon Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Scott I Simon
- Simon Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Farzi B, Young D, Scrimgeour J, Cetinkaya C. Mechanical properties of P-selectin PSGL-1 bonds. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 173:529-538. [PMID: 30342396 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The accurate determination of the mechanical properties of P-selectin and PSGL-1 is crucial for design and optimization of applications utilizing such bonds, e.g. biosensors and targeted drug delivery systems, as adhesion and mechanical interactions play a critical role in several key functions of biological cells. In current work, the spring constant and rupture force of a single P-selectin PSGL-1 ligand receptor bond and the Young's modulus of a layer made of these ligand receptors are reported. The work-of-adhesion of the P-selectin PSGL-1 interface is also characterized. In the reported experiments, PSGL-1 coated particles are deposited on a P-selectin coated substrate and their transient nanometer scale out-of-plane displacements are acquired employing a laser Doppler vibrometer as they are excited by an ultrasonic field. From the spectral response of a single particle, the resonance frequencies of its vibrational motion are identified, and with help of a particle adhesion model, the average rupture force and stiffness of a single P-selectin PSGL-1 ligand receptor are determined as Frupt = 171 ± 56 pN and kb = 0.56 ± 0.04 mN/m, respectively. Furthermore, the Young's modulus and work-of-adhesion of a layer of P-selectin PSGL-1 ligand receptors are extracted as E = 28.74 ± 3.96 MPa and WA = 70.0 ± 8.0 mJ/m2, respectively. Unlike Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and other probe-based techniques, the reported approach eliminates the need for direct contact with the sample, which could compromise the accuracy of the results by imposing unspecified additional contact interactions. Further, the current technique can be employed for measurements under various fluid flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Farzi
- Photo-Acoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13699-5725, USA
| | - Dylan Young
- Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13699-5820, USA
| | - Jan Scrimgeour
- Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13699-5820, USA
| | - Cetin Cetinkaya
- Photo-Acoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13699-5725, USA.
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Mosepele M, Mohammed T, Mupfumi L, Moyo S, Bennett K, Lockman S, Hemphill LC, Triant VA. HIV disease is associated with increased biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction despite viral suppression on long-term antiretroviral therapy in Botswana. Cardiovasc J Afr 2018; 29:155-161. [PMID: 29771268 PMCID: PMC6107727 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2018-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Untreated HIV infection is associated with increased biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction. However, the predictors and degree of endothelial dysfunction among virally suppressed HIV–infected adults on long–term antiretroviral therapy (ART) have not been well studied in sub– Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods We enrolled 112 HIV–infected adults with virological suppression on long–term ART and 84 HIV–uninfected controls in Botswana. We measured plasma levels of markers of endothelial injury [soluble vascular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM–1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM–1) and E–selectin] and plasma levels of biomarkers of inflammation [interleukin 6 (IL–6)] and monocyte activation (sCD163). Baseline traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and bilateral common carotid intima–media thickness (cIMT) were also available for all participants. We assessed whether HIV status (despite virological suppression on ART) was associated with biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction after controlling for traditional CVD risk factors in linear regression models. We additionally assessed the association between IL–6, sCD163 and cIMT with endothelial dysfunction in separate multivariate linear regression models, controlling for cIMT, among virally suppressed HIV–infected participants only. Results In multivariate analysis, HIV infection was significantly associated with increased VCAM–1 (p < 0.01) and ICAM–1 (p = 0.03) but not E–selectin (p = 0.74) levels. Within the HIV–positive group, higher sCD163 levels were associated with decreased ICAM–1 and E–selectin (p < 0.01 and p = 0.01, respectively) but not VCAM–1 (p = 0.13) levels. IL–6 was not associated with any of the biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction. Conclusion HIV disease was associated with biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction among virally suppressed adults in Botswana on long–term ART after controlling for traditional CVD risk factors. Future work should explore the clinical impact of persistent endothelial dysfunction following longterm HIV viral suppression on the risk of CVD clinical endpoints among HIV–infected patients in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosepele Mosepele
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | | | - Lucy Mupfumi
- Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Sikhulile Moyo
- Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Kara Bennett
- Bennett Statistical Consulting Inc, Ballston Lake, New York, USA
| | - Shahin Lockman
- Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana; Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linda C Hemphill
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Virginia A Triant
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Anderson NR, Lee D, Hammer DA. An Experimentally Determined State Diagram for Human CD4 + T Lymphocyte CXCR4-Stimulated Adhesion Under Shear Flow. Cell Mol Bioeng 2018; 11:91-98. [PMID: 30271505 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-018-0519-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The leukocyte adhesion cascade is important for the maintenance of homeostasis and the ability of immune cells to access sites of infection and inflammation. Despite much work identifying the molecular components of the cascade, and numerous simulations to predict the relationship between molecule density, identity, and adhesion, these relationships have not been measured experimentally. Methods Using surfaces functionalized with recombinant ICAM-1 and/or E-selectin along with immobilized SDF-1α, we used a flow chamber to measure rates of tethering, rolling and arrest of primary naïve human CD4+ T lymphocytes on different surface densities of ligand. Results Cells required a minimum level of ligand density to progress beyond tethering. E-selectin and ICAM-1 were found to have a synergistic relationship in promoting cell arrest. Surfaces with both ligands had the highest levels of arrest, while surfaces containing only E-selectin hindered the cell's ability to progress beyond rolling. In contrast, surfaces of ICAM-1 allowed only tethering or arrest. Cells maintained constant rolling velocity and time to stop over large variations in surface density and composition. In addition, surface densities of only O(101) sites/μm2 allowed for rolling while surface densities of O(102) sites/μm2 promoted arrest, approximately equal to previously determined simulated values. Conclusions We have systematically and experimentally mapped out the state diagram of T-cell adhesion under flow, directly demonstrating the quantitative requirements for each dynamic state of adhesion, and showing how multiple adhesion molecules can act in synergy to secure arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Anderson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 240 Skirkanich Hall, 210 South 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Dooyoung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Present Address: Applied BioMath, LLC, Lincoln, MA 01773 USA
| | - Daniel A Hammer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 240 Skirkanich Hall, 210 South 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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36
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Krog BL, Henry MD. Biomechanics of the Circulating Tumor Cell Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1092:209-233. [PMID: 30368755 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-95294-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) exist in a microenvironment quite different from the solid tumor tissue microenvironment. They are detached from matrix and exposed to the immune system and hemodynamic forces leading to the conclusion that life as a CTC is "nasty, brutish, and short." While there is much evidence to support this assertion, the mechanisms underlying this are much less clear. In this chapter we will specifically focus on biomechanical influences on CTCs in the circulation and examine in detail the question of whether CTCs are mechanically fragile, a commonly held idea that is lacking in direct evidence. We will review multiple lines of evidence indicating, perhaps counterintuitively, that viable cancer cells are mechanically robust in the face of exposures to physiologic shear stresses that would be encountered by CTCs during their passage through the circulation. Finally, we present emerging evidence that malignant epithelial cells, as opposed to their benign counterparts, possess specific mechanisms that enable them to endure these mechanical stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Krog
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael D Henry
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Urology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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37
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Marki A, Buscher K, Mikulski Z, Pries A, Ley K. Rolling neutrophils form tethers and slings under physiologic conditions in vivo. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 103:67-70. [PMID: 28821572 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1ab0617-230r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human and mouse neutrophils are known to form tethers when rolling on selectins in vitro. Tethers are ∼0.2 μm thin, ∼5-10 μm-long structures behind rolling cells that can swing around to form slings that serve as self-adhesive substrates. Here, we developed a mouse intravital imaging method, where the neutrophil surface is labeled by injecting fluorescently labeled mAb to Ly-6G. Venules in the cremaster muscle of live mice were imaged at a high frame rate using a confocal microscope equipped with a fast resonant scanner. We observed 270 tethers (median length 3.5 μm) and 31 slings (median length 6.9 µm) on 186 neutrophils of 15 mice. Out of 199 tether break events, 123 were followed by immediate acceleration of the rolling cell, which shows that tethers are load-bearing structures in vivo. In venules with a high wall shear stress (WSS; > 12 dyn/cm2 ), median rolling velocity was higher (19 μm/s), and 43% of rolling neutrophils had visible tethers. In venules with WSS < 12 dyn/cm2 , only 26% of rolling neutrophils had visible tethers. We conclude that neutrophil tethers are commonly present and stabilize rolling in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Marki
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Konrad Buscher
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Zbigniew Mikulski
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Axel Pries
- Department of Physiology, Charite Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
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38
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Nussenzveig HM. Cell membrane biophysics with optical tweezers. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2017; 47:499-514. [PMID: 29164289 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-017-1268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Membrane elastic properties play important roles in regulating cell shape, motility, division and differentiation. Here I review optical tweezer (OT) investigations of membrane surface tension and bending modulus, emphasizing didactic aspects and insights provided for cell biology. OT measurements employ membrane-attached microspheres to extract long cylindrical nanotubes named tethers. The Helfrich-Canham theory yields elastic parameters in terms of tether radius and equilibrium extraction force. It assumes initial point-like microsphere attachment and no cytoskeleton content within tethers. Experimental force-displacement curves reveal violations of those assumptions, and I discuss proposed explanations of such discrepancies, as well as recommended OT protocols. Measurements of elastic parameters for predominant cell types in the central nervous system yield correlations between their values and cell function. Micro-rheology OT experiments extend these correlations to viscoelastic parameters. The results agree with a quasi-universal phenomenological scaling law and are interpreted in terms of the soft glass rheology model. Spontaneously-generated cell nanotube protrusions are also briefly reviewed, emphasizing common features with tethers. Filopodia as well as tunneling nanotubes (TNT), which connect distant cells and allow transfers between their cytoplasms, are discussed, including OT tether pulling from TNTs which mediate communication among bacteria, even of different species. Pathogens, including bacteria, viruses and prions, opportunistically exploit TNTs for cell-to-cell transmission of infection, indicating that TNTs have an ancient evolutionary origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Moysés Nussenzveig
- LPO-COPEA, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil. .,Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Brazil.
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39
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Hosseini E, Ghasemzadeh M. Intravascular leukocyte migration through platelet thrombi: directing leukocytes to sites of vascular injury. Thromb Haemost 2017; 113:1224-35. [DOI: 10.1160/th14-08-0662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SummaryLeukocytes recruitment to thrombi supports an intimate cellular interaction leading to the enhancement of pro-coagulant functions and pro-inflammatory responses at site of vascular injury. Recent observations of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation and its mutual reactions with platelet thrombi adds more clinical interest to the growing body of knowledge in the field of platelet-leukocyte crosstalk. However, having considered thrombus as a barrier between leukocytes and injured endothelium, the full inflammatory roles of these cells during thrombosis is still ill defined. The most recent observation of neutrophils migration into the thrombi is a phenomenon that highlights the inflammatory functions of leukocytes at the site of injury. It has been hypothesised that leukocytes migration might be associated with the conveyance of highly reactive pro-inflammatory and/or procoagulant mediators to sites of vascular injury. In addition, the evidence of neutrophils migration into arterial thrombi following traumatic and ischaemia-reperfusion injury highlights the already described role of these cells in atherosclerosis. Regardless of the mechanisms behind leukocyte migration, whether these migrated cells benefit normal homeostasis by their involvement in wound healing and vascular rebuilding or they increase unwilling inflammatory responses, could be of interest for future researches that provide new insight into biological importance of leukocyte recruitment to thrombi.
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40
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Choi W, Kim HM, Park S, Yeom E, Doh J, Lee SJ. Variation in wall shear stress in channel networks of zebrafish models. J R Soc Interface 2017; 14:rsif.2016.0900. [PMID: 28148768 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological functions of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) vary depending on wall shear stress (WSS) magnitude, and the functional change affects the pathologies of various cardiovascular systems. Several in vitro and in vivo models have been used to investigate the functions of ECs under different WSS conditions. However, these models have technical limitations in precisely mimicking the physiological environments of ECs and monitoring temporal variations of ECs in detail. Although zebrafish (Danio rerio) has several strategies to overcome these technical limitations, zebrafish cannot be used as a perfect animal model because applying various WSS conditions on blood vessels of zebrafish is difficult. This study proposes a new zebrafish model in which various WSS can be applied to the caudal vein. The WSS magnitude is controlled by blocking some parts of blood-vessel networks. The accuracy and reproducibility of the proposed method are validated using an equivalent circuit model of blood vessels in zebrafish. The proposed method is applied to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated zebrafish as a typical application. The proposed zebrafish model can be used as an in vivo animal model to investigate the relationship between WSS and EC physiology or WSS-induced cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woorak Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Hye Mi Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (IBB), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Sungho Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Eunseop Yeom
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Junsang Doh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Sang Joon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
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41
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Huselstein C, Rahouadj R, de Isla N, Bensoussan D, Stoltz JF, Li YP. Mechanobiology of mesenchymal stem cells: Which interest for cell-based treatment? Biomed Mater Eng 2017; 28:S47-S56. [PMID: 28372277 DOI: 10.3233/bme-171623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thanks to their immune properties, the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are a promising source for cell therapy. Current clinical trials show that MSC administrated to patients can treat different diseases (graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), liver cirrhosis, systemic lupus, erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, type I diabetes…). In this case, the most common mode of cell administration is the intravenous injection, and the hemodynamic environment of cells induced by blood circulation could interfere on their behavior during the migration and homing towards the injured site. After a brief review of the mechanobiology concept, this paper will help in understanding how the mechanical environment could interact with MSC behavior once they are injected to patient in cell-based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Huselstein
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France.,FR3209 CNRS BMCT - Bio-Ingénierie Moléculaire Cellulaire et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, F-54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - R Rahouadj
- Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France.,UMR 7563 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, LEMTA, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - N de Isla
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France.,FR3209 CNRS BMCT - Bio-Ingénierie Moléculaire Cellulaire et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, F-54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - D Bensoussan
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France.,FR3209 CNRS BMCT - Bio-Ingénierie Moléculaire Cellulaire et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, F-54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,CHU de Nancy, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire, banque de Tissus, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - J F Stoltz
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France.,FR3209 CNRS BMCT - Bio-Ingénierie Moléculaire Cellulaire et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, F-54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Y P Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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42
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Kao WCA, Pětrošová H, Ebady R, Lithgow KV, Rojas P, Zhang Y, Kim YE, Kim YR, Odisho T, Gupta N, Moter A, Cameron CE, Moriarty TJ. Identification of Tp0751 (Pallilysin) as a Treponema pallidum Vascular Adhesin by Heterologous Expression in the Lyme disease Spirochete. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1538. [PMID: 28484210 PMCID: PMC5431505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01589-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, is a highly invasive spirochete pathogen that uses the vasculature to disseminate throughout the body. Identification of bacterial factors promoting dissemination is crucial for syphilis vaccine development. An important step in dissemination is bacterial adhesion to blood vessel surfaces, a process mediated by bacterial proteins that can withstand forces imposed on adhesive bonds by blood flow (vascular adhesins). The study of T. pallidum vascular adhesins is hindered by the uncultivable nature of this pathogen. We overcame these limitations by expressing T. pallidum adhesin Tp0751 (pallilysin) in an adhesion-attenuated strain of the cultivable spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Under fluid shear stress representative of conditions in postcapillary venules, Tp0751 restored bacterial-vascular interactions to levels similar to those observed for infectious B. burgdorferi and a gain-of-function strain expressing B. burgdorferi vascular adhesin BBK32. The strength and stability of Tp0751- and BBK32-dependent endothelial interactions under physiological shear stress were similar, although the mechanisms stabilizing these interactions were distinct. Tp0751 expression also permitted bacteria to interact with postcapillary venules in live mice as effectively as BBK32-expressing strains. These results demonstrate that Tp0751 can function as a vascular adhesin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chien Andrew Kao
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Helena Pětrošová
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rhodaba Ebady
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karen V Lithgow
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Pablo Rojas
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yang Zhang
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yae-Eun Kim
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yae-Ram Kim
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tanya Odisho
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nupur Gupta
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Annette Moter
- Biofilmcenter, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caroline E Cameron
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
| | - Tara J Moriarty
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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43
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Plasma fibronectin stabilizes Borrelia burgdorferi-endothelial interactions under vascular shear stress by a catch-bond mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E3490-E3498. [PMID: 28396443 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1615007114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial dissemination via the cardiovascular system is the most common cause of infection mortality. A key step in dissemination is bacterial interaction with endothelia lining blood vessels, which is physically challenging because of the shear stress generated by blood flow. Association of host cells such as leukocytes and platelets with endothelia under vascular shear stress requires mechanically specialized interaction mechanisms, including force-strengthened catch bonds. However, the biomechanical mechanisms supporting vascular interactions of most bacterial pathogens are undefined. Fibronectin (Fn), a ubiquitous host molecule targeted by many pathogens, promotes vascular interactions of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi Here, we investigated how B. burgdorferi exploits Fn to interact with endothelia under physiological shear stress, using recently developed live cell imaging and particle-tracking methods for studying bacterial-endothelial interaction biomechanics. We found that B. burgdorferi does not primarily target insoluble matrix Fn deposited on endothelial surfaces but, instead, recruits and induces polymerization of soluble plasma Fn (pFn), an abundant protein in blood plasma that is normally soluble and nonadhesive. Under physiological shear stress, caps of polymerized pFn at bacterial poles formed part of mechanically loaded adhesion complexes, and pFn strengthened and stabilized interactions by a catch-bond mechanism. These results show that B. burgdorferi can transform a ubiquitous but normally nonadhesive blood constituent to increase the efficiency, strength, and stability of bacterial interactions with vascular surfaces. Similar mechanisms may promote dissemination of other Fn-binding pathogens.
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44
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Mapping cell surface adhesion by rotation tracking and adhesion footprinting. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44502. [PMID: 28290531 PMCID: PMC5349612 DOI: 10.1038/srep44502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rolling adhesion, in which cells passively roll along surfaces under shear flow, is a critical process involved in inflammatory responses and cancer metastasis. Surface adhesion properties regulated by adhesion receptors and membrane tethers are critical in understanding cell rolling behavior. Locally, adhesion molecules are distributed at the tips of membrane tethers. However, how functional adhesion properties are globally distributed on the individual cell’s surface is unknown. Here, we developed a label-free technique to determine the spatial distribution of adhesive properties on rolling cell surfaces. Using dark-field imaging and particle tracking, we extract the rotational motion of individual rolling cells. The rotational information allows us to construct an adhesion map along the contact circumference of a single cell. To complement this approach, we also developed a fluorescent adhesion footprint assay to record the molecular adhesion events from cell rolling. Applying the combination of the two methods on human promyelocytic leukemia cells, our results surprisingly reveal that adhesion is non-uniformly distributed in patches on the cell surfaces. Our label-free adhesion mapping methods are applicable to the variety of cell types that undergo rolling adhesion and provide a quantitative picture of cell surface adhesion at the functional and molecular level.
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45
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Carlson GE, Martin EW, Shirure VS, Malgor R, Resto VA, Goetz DJ, Burdick MM. Dynamic biochemical tissue analysis detects functional L-selectin ligands on colon cancer tissues. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173747. [PMID: 28282455 PMCID: PMC5345883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that L-selectin ligands presented on circulating tumor cells facilitate metastasis by binding L-selectin presented on leukocytes. Commonly used methods for detecting L-selectin ligands on tissues, e.g., immunostaining, are performed under static, no-flow conditions. However, such analysis does not assay for functional L-selectin ligands, specifically those ligands that promote adhesion under shear flow conditions. Recently our lab developed a method, termed dynamic biochemical tissue analysis (DBTA), to detect functional selectin ligands in situ by probing tissues with L-selectin-coated microspheres under hemodynamic flow conditions. In this investigation, DBTA was used to probe human colon tissues for L-selectin ligand activity. The detection of L-selectin ligands using DBTA was highly specific. Furthermore, DBTA reproducibly detected functional L-selectin ligands on diseased, e.g., cancerous or inflamed, tissues but not on noncancerous tissues. In addition, DBTA revealed a heterogeneous distribution of functional L-selectin ligands on colon cancer tissues. Most notably, detection of L-selectin ligands by immunostaining using HECA-452 antibody only partially correlated with functional L-selectin ligands detected by DBTA. In summation, the results of this study demonstrate that DBTA detects functional selectin ligands to provide a unique characterization of pathological tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grady E. Carlson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Eric W. Martin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Venktesh S. Shirure
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ramiro Malgor
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America
- Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Vicente A. Resto
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas-Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Douglas J. Goetz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Monica M. Burdick
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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46
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Mobility and shape adaptation of neutrophil in the microchannel flow. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 69:294-300. [PMID: 28126696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents motion of neutrophil in a confined environment. Many experimental and theoretical studies were performed to show mechanics and basic principles of the white blood cell motion. However, they were mostly performed on flat plates without boundaries. More realistic model of flow in the capillaries based on confinement, curvature and adequate dimensions is applied in our experiments. These conditions lead to cell motion with deformability and three-dimensional character of that movement. Neutrophils are important cells for human immune system. Their motion and attachment often influence several diseases and immune response. Hence, studies focus on that particular cell type. We have shown that deformability of the cell influences its velocity. Cells actively participate in the flow using the shear gradient to advance control motion. The observed neutrophil velocity was from 1 up to 100μm/s.
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47
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Bennewitz MF, Jimenez MA, Vats R, Tutuncuoglu E, Jonassaint J, Kato GJ, Gladwin MT, Sundd P. Lung vaso-occlusion in sickle cell disease mediated by arteriolar neutrophil-platelet microemboli. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e89761. [PMID: 28097236 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.89761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), the polymerization of intraerythrocytic hemoglobin S promotes downstream vaso-occlusive events in the microvasculature. While vaso-occlusion is known to occur in the lung, often in the context of systemic vaso-occlusive crisis and the acute chest syndrome, the pathophysiological mechanisms that incite lung injury are unknown. We used intravital microscopy of the lung in transgenic humanized SCD mice to monitor acute vaso-occlusive events following an acute dose of systemic lipopolysaccharide sufficient to trigger events in SCD but not control mice. We observed cellular microembolism of precapillary pulmonary arteriolar bottlenecks by neutrophil-platelet aggregates. Blood from SCD patients was next studied under flow in an in vitro microfluidic system. Similar to the pulmonary circulation, circulating platelets nucleated around arrested neutrophils, translating to a greater number and duration of neutrophil-platelet interactions compared with normal human blood. Inhibition of platelet P-selectin with function-blocking antibody attenuated the neutrophil-platelet interactions in SCD patient blood in vitro and resolved pulmonary arteriole microembolism in SCD mice in vivo. These results establish the relevance of neutrophil-platelet aggregate formation in lung arterioles in promoting lung vaso-occlusion in SCD and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting platelet adhesion molecules to prevent acute chest syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret F Bennewitz
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maritza A Jimenez
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ravi Vats
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Egemen Tutuncuoglu
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jude Jonassaint
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, and
| | - Gregory J Kato
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, and
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Prithu Sundd
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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48
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Munn LL. Cancer and inflammation. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 9. [PMID: 27943646 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between inflammation and cancer has been recognized since the 17th century,1 and we now know much about the cells, cytokines and physiological processes that are central to both inflammation and cancer.2-9 Chronic inflammation can induce certain cancers,10-17 and solid tumors, in turn, can initiate and perpetuate local inflammatory processes that foster tumor growth and dissemination.5 ,18-20 Consequently, inflammatory pathways have been targeted in attempts to control cancer.21-23 Inflammation is a central aspect of the innate immune system's response to tissue damage or infection, and also facilitates the recruitment of circulating cells and antibodies of the adaptive immune response to the tissue. Components of the innate immune response carry out a robust, but sometimes overly-conservative response, sacrificing specificity for the sake of preservation. Thus, when innate immunity goes awry, it can have profound implications. How the innate and adaptive immune systems cooperate to neutralize pathogens and repair damaged tissues is still an area of intense investigation. Further, how these systems can respond to cancer, which arises from normal 'self' cells that undergo an oncogenic transformation, has profound implications for cancer therapy. Recently, immunotherapies that activate adaptive immunity have shown unprecedented promise in the clinic, producing durable responses and dramatic increases in survival rate in patients with advanced stage melanoma.24-26 Consequently, the relationship between cancer and inflammation has now returned to the forefront of clinical oncology. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2017, 9:e1370. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1370 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance L Munn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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49
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Shekhar S, Carlier MF. Single-filament kinetic studies provide novel insights into regulation of actin-based motility. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:1-6. [PMID: 26715420 PMCID: PMC4694749 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-06-0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Polarized assembly of actin filaments forms the basis of actin-based motility and is regulated both spatially and temporally. Cells use a variety of mechanisms by which intrinsically slower processes are accelerated, and faster ones decelerated, to match rates observed in vivo. Here we discuss how kinetic studies of individual reactions and cycles that drive actin remodeling have provided a mechanistic and quantitative understanding of such processes. We specifically consider key barbed-end regulators such as capping protein and formins as illustrative examples. We compare and contrast different kinetic approaches, such as the traditional pyrene-polymerization bulk assays, as well as more recently developed single-filament and single-molecule imaging approaches. Recent development of novel biophysical methods for sensing and applying forces will in future allow us to address the very important relationship between mechanical stimulus and kinetics of actin-based motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Shekhar
- Cytoskeleton Dynamics and Cell Motility, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-France Carlier
- Cytoskeleton Dynamics and Cell Motility, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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50
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Fan Z, Ley K. Leukocyte arrest: Biomechanics and molecular mechanisms of β2 integrin activation. Biorheology 2016; 52:353-77. [PMID: 26684674 DOI: 10.3233/bir-15085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are a group of heterodimeric transmembrane receptors that play essential roles in cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction. Integrins are important in many physiological processes and diseases. Integrins acquire affinity to their ligand by undergoing molecular conformational changes called activation. Here we review the molecular biomechanics during conformational changes of integrins, integrin functions in leukocyte biorheology (adhesive functions during rolling and arrest) and molecules involved in integrin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Fan
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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